Bhagavadgita 6
with the commentaries of Sridhara, Madhusudana, Visvanatha and Baladeva
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| description: | multibyte sequence: |
| long a | ā |
| long A | Ā |
| long i | ī |
| long I | Ī |
| long u | ū |
| long U | Ū |
| vocalic r | ṛ |
| vocalic R | Ṛ |
| long vocalic r | ṝ |
| vocalic l | ḷ |
| vocalic L | Ḷ |
| long vocalic l | ḹ |
| velar n | ṅ |
| velar N | Ṅ |
| palatal n | ñ |
| palatal N | Ñ |
| retroflex t | ṭ |
| retroflex T | Ṭ |
| retroflex d | ḍ |
| retroflex D | Ḍ |
| retroflex n | ṇ |
| retroflex N | Ṇ |
| palatal s | ś |
| palatal S | Ś |
| retroflex s | ṣ |
| retroflex S | Ṣ |
| anusvara | ṃ |
| visarga | ḥ |
| long e | ē |
| long o | ō |
| l underbar | ḻ |
| r underbar | ṟ |
| n underbar | ṉ |
| k underbar | ḵ |
| t underbar | ṯ |
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BhG 6.1
anāśritaḥ karma-phalaṃ kāryaṃ karma karoti yaḥ |
sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ca na niragnir na cākriyaḥ ||1||
śrīdharaḥ :
citte śuddhe 'pi na dhyānaṃ vinā saṃnyāsa-mātrataḥ |
muktiḥ syād iti ṣaṣṭhe 'smin dhyāna-yogo vitanvate ||
pūrvādhyāye saṃkṣepeṇoktaṃ yogaṃ prapañcayituṃ ṣaṣṭhādhyāyārambhaḥ | tatra tāvat sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasya [Gītā 5.13] ity ārabhya saṃnyāsa-pūrvikāyā jñāna-niṣṭhāyās tātparyenābhidhānād duḥkha-rūpatvāc ca karmaṇaḥ sahasā saṃnyāsātiprasaṅgaṃ prāptaṃ vārayituṃ saṃnyāsād api śreṣṭhatvena karma-yogaṃ stauti anāśrita iti dvābhyām | karma-phalam anāśrito 'napekṣamāṇaḥ sann avaśya-kāryatayā vihitaṃ karma yaḥ karoti, sa eva saṃnyāsī yogī ca na tu niragnir agni-sādhyeṣṭākhya-karma-tyāgī | na cākriyo 'nagni-sādhya-pūrtākhya-karma-tyāgī ||1||
madhusūdanaḥ :
yoga-sūtraṃ tribhiḥ ślokaiḥ pañcamānte yad īritam |
ṣaṣṭhas tv ārabhyate 'dhyāyas tad-vyākhyānāya vistarāt ||
tatra sarva-karma-tyāgena yogaṃ vidhāsyaṃs tyājyatvena hīnatvam āśaṅkya karma-yogaṃ stauti anāśrita iti dvābhyām | karmaṇāṃ phalam āśrito 'napekṣamāṇaḥ phalābhisaṃdhi-rahitaḥ san kāryaṃ kartavyatayā śāstreṇa vihitaṃ nityam agnihotrādi karma karoti yaḥ sa karmy api san saṃnyāsī ca yogī ceti stūyate |
sannyāso hi thyāgaḥ | citta-gata-vikṣepābhāvaś ca yogaḥ | tau cāsya vidyete phala-tyāgāt phala-tṛṣṇā-rūpa-citta-vikṣepābhāvāc ca | karma-phala-tṛṣṇā-tyāga evātra gauṇyā vṛttyā saṃnyāsa-yoga-śabdābhyām abhidhīyate sakāmānapekṣya prāśastya-kathanāya | avaśyambhāvinau hi niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhātur mukhyau saṃnyāsa-yogau | tasmād ayaṃ yadyapi na niragnir agni-sādhya-śrauta-karma-tyāgī na bhavati, na cākriyo 'gni-nirapekṣa-smārta-kriyā-tyāgī ca na bhavati | tathāpi saṃnyāsī yogī ceti mantavyaḥ |
athavā na niragnir na cākriyaḥ saṃnyāsī yogī ceti mantavyaḥ | kintu sāgniḥ sakriyaś ca niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhāyī saṃnyāsī yogī ceti mantavya iti stūyate | apaśavo vā anye go-aśvebhyaḥ paśavo go-aśvān ity atreva praśaṃsā-lakṣaṇayā nañ-anvayopapattiḥ | atra cākriya ity anenaiva sarva-karma-saṃnyāsini labdhe niragnir iti vyarthaṃ syād ity agni-śabdena sarvāṇi karmāṇy upalakṣya niragnir iti saṃnyāsī kriyā-śabdena citta-vṛttīr upalakṣyākriya iti niruddha-citta-vṛttir yogī ca kathyate | tena na niragniḥ saṃnyāsī mantavyo na cākriyo yogī mantavya iti yathā-saṅkhyam ubhaya-vyatireko darśanīyaḥ | evaṃ sati nañ-dvayam apy upapannam iti draṣṭavyam ||1||
viśvanāthaḥ :
ṣaṣṭheṣu yogino yoga-prakāra-vijitātmanaḥ |
manasaś cañcalasyāpi naiścalyopāya ucyate ||
aṣṭāṅga-yogābhyāse pravṛttenāpi citta-śodhakaṃ niṣkāma-karma na tyājyam ity āha karma-phalam āśrito 'napekṣamāṇaḥ kāryam avaśya-kartavyatvena śāstra-vihitaṃ karma yaḥ karoti, sa eva karma-phala-saṃnyāsāt saṃnyāsī, sa eva viṣaya-bhogeṣu cittābhāvād yogī cocyate | na ca niragnir agnihotrādi-karma-mātra-tyāgavān eva sannyāsy ucyate | na cākriyo na daihika-ceṣṭā-śūnyo 'rdha-nimīlita-netra eva yogī cocyate ||1||
baladevaḥ :
ṣaṣṭhe yoga-vidhiḥ karma-śuddhasya vijitātmanaḥ |
sthairyopāyaś ca manaso 'sthirasyāpīti kīrtyate ||
proktaṃ karma-yogam aṣṭāṅga-yoga-śiraskam upadekṣyann ādau tau tad-upāyatvāt taṃ karma-yogam stauti bhagavān anāśrita iti dvābhyām | karma-phalam paśv-anna-putra-svargādi-kāmanāśrito 'nicchan kāryam avaśya-kartavyatayā vihitaṃ karma yaḥ karoti, sa saṃnyāsī jñāna-yoga-niṣṭhaḥ, yogī cāṣṭāṅga-yoga-niṣṭhaḥ sa eva | karma-yogenaiva tayoḥ siddhir iti bhāvaḥ | na niragnir agnihotrādi-karma-tyāgī yati-veśaḥ sannyāsī na cākriyaḥ śarīra-karma-tyāgī ardha-mudrita-netro yogī | atra yogam aṣṭāṅgaṃ cikīrṣūṇāṃ sahasā karma na tyājyam iti matam ||1||
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BhG 6.2
yaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhur yogaṃ taṃ viddhi pāṇḍava |
na hy asaṃnyasta-saṃkalpo yogī bhavati kaścana ||2||
śrīdharaḥ : kuta ity apekṣāyāṃ karma-yogasyaiva saṃnyāsatvaṃ pratipādayann āha yam iti | saṃnyāsam iti prāhuḥ prakarṣeṇa śreṣṭhatvenāhuḥ | nyāsa evāty arecayat ity ādi śruteḥ | kevalāt phala-saṃnyasanād dhetor yogam eva taṃ jānīhi | kuta ity apekṣāyām iti śabdokto hetur yoge 'py astīty āha na hīti | na saṃnyastaḥ phala-saṃkalpo yena sa karma-niṣṭho jñāna-niṣṭho vā kaścid api na hi yogī bhavati | ataḥ phala-saṅkalpa-tyāga-sāmyāt saṃnyāsī ca phala-saṅkalpa-tyāgād eva citta-vikṣepābhāvād yogī ca bhavaty eva sa ity arthaḥ ||2||
madhusūdanaḥ : asaṃnyāse 'pi saṃnyāsa-śabda-prayoge nimitta-bhūtaṃ guṇa-yogaṃ darśayitum āha yaṃ saṃnyāsam iti | yaṃ sarva-karma-tat-phala-parityāgaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhuḥ śrutayaḥ nyāsa evāty arecayat, brāhmaṇāḥ puatraiṣaṇāyāś ca vittaiṣaṇāyāś ca lokaiṣaṇāyāś ca vyutthāyātha bhikṣā-caryaṃ caranti ity ādyāḥ | yogaṃ phala-tṛṣṇā-kartṛtvābhimānayoḥ parityāgena vihita-karmānuṣṭhānaṃ taṃ saṃnyāsaṃ viddhi he pāṇḍava | abrahma-dattaṃ brahma-dattam ity āha taṃ vayaṃ manyāmahe brahma-datta-sadṛśo 'yam iti nyāyāt para-śabdaḥ paratra prayujyamānaḥ sādṛśyaṃ bodhayati gauṇyā vṛttyā tad-bhāvāropeṇa vā | prakṛte tu kiṃ sādṛśyam ? iti tad āha nahīti | hi yasmād asaṃnyasta-saṃkalpo 'tyakta-phala-saṅkalpaḥ kaścana kaścid api
yogī na bhavati | api tu sarvo yogī tyakta-phala-saṅkalpa eva bhavatīti phala-tyāga-sāmyāt tṛṣṇā-rūpa-vitta-vṛtti-nirodha-sāmyāc ca gauṇyā vṛttyā karmy eva saṃnyāsī ca yogī ca bhavatīty arthaḥ | tathā hi - yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] pramāṇa-viparyaya-vikalpa-nidrā-smṛtaya [YogaS 1.6] iti vṛttayaḥ pañca-vidhāḥ | tatra pratyakṣānumāna-śāstropamānārthāpatty-abhāvākhyāni pramāṇāni ṣaḍ iti vaidikāḥ | pratyakṣānumānāgamāḥ pramāṇāni [YogaS 1.7] trīṇīti yogāḥ | antarbhāva-bahir-bhāvābhyāṃ saṅkoca-vikāsau draṣṭavyau | ataeva tārkikādīnāṃ mata-bhedāḥ | viparyayo mithyā-jñānam tasya pañca bhedā avidyāsmitā-rāga-dveṣābhiniveśaḥ [YogaS 2.3] ta eva ca kleśāḥ | śabda-jñānānupātī vastu-śūnyo vikalpaḥ [YogaS 1.9] pramā-bhrama-vilakṣaṇo
'sad-artha-vyavahāraḥ śaśa-viṣāṇam asat-puruṣasya catanyam ity ādiḥ | abhāva-pratyayālambanā vṛttir nidrā [YogaS 1.10] na tu jñānādy-abhāva-mātram ity arthaḥ | anubhūta-viṣayāsaṃpramoṣaḥ smṛtiḥ [YogaS 1.11] pūrvānubhava-saṃskārajaṃ jñānam ity arthaḥ | sarva-vṛtti-janyatvād ante kathanam | lajjādi-vṛttīnām api āñcasv evāntarbhāvo draṣṭavyaḥ | etādṛśāṃ sarvāsāṃ citta-vṛttīnāṃ norodho yoga iti ca samādhir iti ca kathyate | phala-saṅkalpas tu rāgākhyas tṛtīyo viparyaya-bhedas tan-nirodha-mātram api gauṇyā vṛttyā yoga iti saṃnyāsa iti cocyata iti na virodhaḥ ||2||
viśvanāthaḥ : karma-phala-tyāga eva saṃnyāsa-śabdārthaḥ | vastutas tathā viṣayebhyaś citta-naiścalyam eva yoga-śabdārthaḥ | tasmāt saṃnyāsa-yoga-śabdayor aikyārtham evāgatam ity āha yam iti | asaṃnyasto na saṃnyastas tyaktaḥ saṅkalpaḥ phalākāṅkṣā viṣaya-bhoga-spṛhā yena saḥ ||2||
baladevaḥ : nanu sarvendriya-vṛtti-virati-rūpāyāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāyāṃ saṃnyāsa-śabdaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhe yoga-śabdaś ca paṭhyate | sa ca sarvendriya-vyāpārātmake karma-yoge sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ceti bruvatā bhavatā kayā vṛttyā nīyata iti cet tatrāha yam iti | yaṃ karma-yogam artha-tātparya-jñāḥ saṃnyāsṃ prāhus tam eva taṃ yogam aṣṭāṅgaṃ viddhi | he pāṇḍava !
nanu siṃho mānavakaḥ ity ādau śauryādi-guṇa-sādṛśyena tathā prayogaḥ | prakṛteḥ kiṃ sādṛśyam iti cet tatrāha na hīti | asaṃnyasta-saṃkalpaḥ kaścana kaścid jñāna-yogy aṣṭāṅga-yogī ca na bhavaty api tu saṃnyasta-saṃkalpa eva bhavatīty arthaḥ | saṃnyastaḥ parityaktaḥ saṅkalpaḥ phalecchā ca yena saḥ | tathā phala-tyāga-sādṛśyāt tṛṣṇā-rūpa-citta-vṛtti-nirodha-sādṛśyāc ca karma-yoginas tad-ubhayatvena prayogo gauṇa-vṛttyeti ||2||
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BhG 6.3
ārurukṣor muner yogaṃ karma kāraṇam ucyate |
yogārūḍhasya tasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇam ucyate ||3||
śrīdharaḥ : tarhi yāvaj-jīvaṃ karma-yoga eva prāpta ity āśaṅkya tasyāvadhim āha ārurukṣor iti | jñāna-yogam āroḍhuṃ prātum icchoḥ puṃsas tad-ārohe kāraṇaṃ karmocyate | citta-śuddhi-karatvāt | jñāna-yogam ārūḍhasya tu tasyaiva dhyāna-niṣṭhasya śamaḥ samādhiś citta-vikṣepaka-karmoparamo jñāna-paripāke kāraṇam ucyate ||3||
madhusūdanaḥ : tat kiṃ praśastatvāt karma-yoga eva yāvaj-jīvam anuṣṭheya iti nety āha ārurukṣor iti | yogam antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-rūpaṃ vairāgyam ārurukṣor āroḍhum icchor na tvārūḍhasya muner bhaviṣyataḥ karma-phala-tṛṣṇā-tyāginaḥ karma śāstra-vihitam agnihotrādi nityaṃ bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā kṛtaṃ kāraṇaṃ yogārohaṇe sādhanam anuṣṭheyam ucyate veda-mukhena mayā | yogārūḍhasya yogam antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-rūpaṃ vairāgyaṃ prāptavatas tu tasyaiva pūrvaṃ karmiṇo 'pi sataḥ śamaḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa eva kāraṇam anuṣṭheyatayā jñāna-paripāka-sādhanam ucyate ||3||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu tarhy aṣṭāṅga-yogino yāvaj-jīvam eva niṣkāma-karma-yogaḥ prāpta ity āśaṅkya tasyāvadhim āha ārurukṣor iti | muner yogābhyāsino yogaṃ niścala-dhyāna-yogam āroḍhuṃ icchos tad-ārohe kāraṇaṃ karma cocyate citta-śuddhi-karatvāt | tatas tasya yogaṃ dhyāna-yogam ārūḍhasya dhyāna-niṣṭhā-prāptaḥ śamaḥ vikṣepaka-sarva-karmoparamaḥ kāraṇam | tad evaṃ samyak-citta-śuddhi-rahito yogārurukṣuḥ ||3||
baladevaḥ : nanv evam aṣṭāṅga-yogino yāvaj jīvaṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ prāptam iti cet tatrāha ārurukṣor iti | muner yogābhyāsino yogaṃ dhyāna-niṣṭhām ārurukṣos tad-ārohe karma kāraṇaṃ hṛd-viśuddhi-kṛttvāt | tasyaiva yogārūḍhasya dhyāna-niṣṭhasya tad-dāḍhye śamo vikṣepaka-karmoparatiḥ kāraṇam ||3||
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BhG 6.4
yadā hi nendriyārtheṣu na karmasv anuṣajjate |
sarva-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāsī yogārūḍhas tadocyate ||4||
śrīdharaḥ : kīdṛśo 'yaṃ yogārūḍho yasya śamaḥ kāraṇam ucyata iti ? atrāha yadeti | indriyārtheṣv indriya-bhogyeṣu śabdādiśu tat-sādhaneṣu ca karmasu yadā nānuṣajjate āsaktiṃ na karoti | tatra hetuḥ āsakti-mūla-bhūtān sarvā bhoga-viṣayān karma-viṣayāṃś ca saṅkalpān saṃnyasituṃ tyaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ | tadā yogārūḍha ucyate ||4||
madhusūdanaḥ : kadā yogārūḍho bhavatīty ucyate yadeti | yadā yasmiṃś citta-samādhāna-kāla indriyārtheṣu śabdādiśu karmasu ca nitya-naimittika-kāmya-laukika-pratiṣiddheṣu nānuṣajjate teṣāṃ mithyātva-darśanenātmano 'kartr-abhoktṛ-paramānanadādvaya-svarūpa-darśanena ca prayojanābhāva-buddhyāham eteṣāṃ kartā mamaite bhogyā ity abhiniveśa-rūpam anuṣaṅgaṃ na karoti | hi yasmāt tasmāt sarva-saṅkalpa-saṃnyāsī sarveṣāṃ saṅkalpānām idaṃ mayā kartavyam etat phalaṃ bhoktavyam ity evaṃ rūpāṇāṃ mano-vṛtti-viśeṣāṇāṃ tad-viṣayāṇāṃ ca kāmānāṃ tat-sādhanānāṃ ca karmaṇāṃ tyāga-śīlaḥ | tadā śabdādiṣu karmasu cānuṣaṅgasya tad-dhetoś ca saṅkalpasya yogārohaṇa-pratibandhakasyābhāvād yogaṃ samādhim ārūḍho yogārūḍha ity ucyate
||4||
viśvanāthaḥ : samyak-śuddha-cittas tu yogārūḍhas taj-jñāpakaṃ lakṣaṇam āha yadeti | indriyārtheṣu śabdādiṣu karmasu tat-sādhaneṣu ||4||
baladevaḥ : yogārūḍhatva-jñāpakaṃ cihnam āha yadeti | indriyārtheṣu śabdādiṣu tat-sādhaneṣu karmasu ca yadātmānanda-rasikaḥ san na sajjate | tatra hetuḥ sarveti | sarvān bhoga-viṣayān karma-viṣayāś ca saṅkalpānāsattimūla-bhūtān saṃnyasituṃ parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ ||4||
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BhG 6.5
uddhared ātmanātmānaṃ nātmānam avasādayet |
ātmaiva hy ātmano bandhur ātmaiva ripur ātmanaḥ ||5||
śrīdharaḥ : ato viṣayāsakti-tyāge mokṣaṃ tad-āsaktau ca bandhaṃ paryālocya rāgādi-svabhāvaṃ tyajed ity āha uddhared iti | ātmanā viveka-yuktenātmānaṃ saṃsārād uddharet | na tv avasādayed adho na nayet | hi yata ātmaiva manaḥ-saṅgādy-uparata ātmanaḥ svasya bandhur upakārakaḥ | ripur apakārakaś ca ||5||
madhusūdanaḥ : yo yadaivaṃ yogārūḍho bhavati tadā tenātmanaivātmoddhṛto bhavati saṃsārānartha-vrātāt | ata uddhared iti | ātmanā viveka-yuktena manasātmānaṃ svaṃ jīvaṃ saṃsāra-samudre nimagnaṃ tata uddharet | ut ūrdhvaṃ haret | viṣayāsaṅga-parityāgena yogārūḍhatām āpādayed ity arthaḥ | na tu viṣayāsaṅgenātmānam avasādayet saṃsāra-samudre majjayet | hi yasmād ātmaivātmano bandhur hitakārī saṃsāra-bandhanān mocana-hetur nānyaḥ kaścil laukikasya bandhor api snehānubandhena bandha-hetutvāt | ātmaiva nānyaḥ | kaścit ripuḥ śatru-rahita-kāri-viṣaya-bandhanāgāra-praveśāt kośakāra ivātmanaḥ svasya | bāhyasyāpi ripor ātma-prayuktatvād yuktam avadhāraṇam ātmaivaa ripur ātmana iti ||5||
viśvanāthaḥ : yasmād indriyārthāsaktyaivātmā saṃsāra-kūpe patitas taṃ yatnenoddhared iti | ātmanā viṣayāsakti-rahitena manasātmānaṃ jīvam uddharet | viṣayāsakti-sahitena manasā tv ātmānaṃ nāvasādayet na saṃsāra-kūpe pātayet | tasmād ātmā mana eva bandhur mana eva ripuḥ ||5||
baladevaḥ : indriyārthādy-anāsaktau hetu-bhāvenāha uddhared iti | viṣayādy-āsakta-manaskatayā saṃsāra-kūpe nimagnam ātmānaṃ jīvam ātmanā viṣayāsakti-rahitena manasā tasmād uddhared ūrdhvaṃ haret | viṣayāsaktena manasātmānaṃ nāvasādayet tatra na nimajjayet | hi niścaye naivam ātmaiva mana evātmanaḥ svasya bandhus tad eva ripuḥ | smṛtiś ca -
mana eva manuṣyāṇāṃ kāraṇaṃ bandha-mokṣayoḥ |
bandhāya viṣayāsaṅgo muktyai nirviṣayaṃ manaḥ || iti ||5||
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BhG 6.6
bandhur ātmātmanas tasya yenātmaivātmanā jitaḥ |
anātmanas tu śatrutve vartetātmaiva śatruvat ||6||
śrīdharaḥ : katham-bhūtasyātmaiva bandhuḥ ? katham-bhūtasya cātmaiva ripur ity apekṣāyām āha bandhur iti | yenātmanaivātmā kārya-kāraṇa-saṅghāta-rūpo jito vaśīkṛtasya tathābhūtasyātmana ātmaiva bandhuḥ | anātmano 'jitātmanas tv ātmaivātmanaḥ śatrutve śatruvad apakāra-kāritve varteta ||6||
madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ kiṃ-lakṣaṇa ātmātmano bandhuḥ kiṃ-lakṣaṇo vātmano ripur ity ucyate bandhur iti | ātmā kārya-karaṇa-saṃghāto yena jitaḥ sva-vaśīkṛta ātmanaiva viveka-yuktena manasaiva na tu śastrādinā | tasyātmā svarūpam ātmano bandhur ucchṛṅkhala-sva-pravṛtty-abhāvena sva-hita-karaṇāt | anātmanas tv ajitātmana ity etat | śatrutve śatru-bhāve vartetātmaiva śatruvat | bāhya-śatrur ivocchṛṅkhala-pravṛttyā svasya svenāniṣṭācaraṇāt ||6||
viśvanāthaḥ : kasya sa bandhuḥ ? kasya sa ripur ity apekṣāyām āha bandhur iti | yenātmanā jīvenātmā mano jitas tasya jīvasya sa ātmā mano bandhuḥ | anātmano 'jita-manasas tv ātmaiva mana eva śatruvat śatrutve 'pakārakatve varteta ||6||
baladevaḥ : kīdṛśasya sa bandhuḥ ? kīdṛśasya sa ripur ity apekṣāyām āha bandhur iti | yenātmanā jīvenātmā mana eva jitas tasya jīvasya sa ātmā mano bandhus tad-upakārī | anātmano 'jita-manasas tu jīvasyātmaiva mana eva śatruvat śatrutve 'pakārakatve varteta ||6||
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BhG 6.7
jitātmanaḥ praśāntasya paramātmā samāhitaḥ |
śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu tathā mānāpamānayoḥ ||7||
śrīdharaḥ : jitātmanaḥ svasmin bandhutvaṃ sphuṭayati jitātmana iti | jita ātmā yena tasya praśāntasya rāgādi-rahitasyaiva | paraṃ kevalam ātmā śītoṣṇādiṣu satsv api samāhitaḥ svātma-niṣṭho bhavati nānyasya | yad vā tasya hṛdi paramātmā samāhitaḥ sthito bhavati ||7||
madhusūdanaḥ : jitātmanaḥ sva-bandhutvaṃ vivṛṇoti jitātmana iti | śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu citta-vikṣepa-kareṣu satsv api tathā mānāpamānayoḥ pūjā-paribhavayoś citta-vikṣepa-hetvoḥ sator iti teṣu samatveneti vā | jitātmanaḥ prāg-uktasya jitendriyasya praśāntasya sarvatra sama-buddhayā rāga-dveṣa-śūnyasya paramātmā sva-prakāśa-jñāna-svabhāva ātmā samāhitaḥ samādhi-viṣayo yogārūḍho bhavati | param iti vā cchedaḥ | jitātmanaḥ praśāntasyaiva paraṃ kevalam ātmā samāhito bhavati nānyasya | tasmāj jitātmā praśāntaś ca bhaved ity arthaḥ ||7||
viśvanāthaḥ : atha yogārūḍhasya cihnāni darśayati tribhiḥ | jitātmano jita-manasaḥ praśāntasya rāgādi-rahitasya yoginaḥ param atiśayena samāhitaḥ samādhi-stha ātmā bhavet | śītādiṣu satsv api mānāpamānayoḥ prāptayor api ||7||
baladevaḥ : yogārambha-yogyām avasthām āha jiteti tribhiḥ | śītoṣṇādiṣu mānāpamānayoś ca jitātmano 'vikṛta-manasaḥ praśāntasya rāgādi-śūnyasyātmā param atyarthaṃ samāhitaḥ samādhistho bhavati ||7||
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BhG 6.8
jñāna-vijñāna-tṛptātmā kūṭastho vijitendriyaḥ |
yukta ity ucyate yogī sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanaḥ ||8||
śrīdharaḥ : yogārūḍhasya lakṣaṇaṃ śraiṣṭhyaṃ coktam upapādya upasaṃharati jñāneti | jñānam aupadeśikaṃ vijñānam aparokṣānubhavaḥ tābhyāṃ tṛpto nirākāṅkṣa ātmā cittaṃ yasya | ataḥ kūṭastho nirvikāraḥ | ataeva vijitānīndriyāṇi yena | ataeva samāni loṣṭādīni yasya | mṛt-piṇḍa-pāṣāṇa-suvarṇeṣu heyopādeya-buddhi-śūnyaḥ | sa yukto yogārūḍha ity ucyate ||8||
madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ ca jñāneti | jñānaṃ śāstroktānāṃ padārthānām aupadeśikaṃ jñānaṃ vijñānaṃ tad-aprāmāṇya-śaṅkā-nirākaraṇa-phalena vicāreṇa tathaiva teṣāṃ svānubhavenāparokṣīkaraṇaṃ tābhyāḥ tṛptaḥ saṃjātālaṃ-pratyaya ātmā cittaṃ yasya sa tathā | kūṭāstho viṣaya-saṃnidhāv api vikāra-śūnyaḥ | ataeva vijitāni rāga-dveṣa-pūrvakād viṣaya-grahaṇādvayāvartitānīndriyāṇi yena saḥ | ataeva heyopādeya-buddhi-śūnyatvena samāni mṛt-piṇḍa-pāṣāṇa-kāñcanāni yasya saḥ | yogī paramahaṃsa-parivrājakaḥ para-vairāgya-yukto yogārūḍha ity ucyate ||8||
viśvanāthaḥ : jñānam aupadeśikaṃ vijñānam aparokṣānubhavas tābhyāṃ tṛpto nirākāṅkṣa ātmā cittaṃ yasya saḥ | kūṭastha ekenaiva svabhāvena sarva-kālaṃ vyāpya sthitaḥ sarva-vastuṣv anāsaktatvāt | samāni loṣṭādīni yasya saḥ | loṣṭaṃ mṛt-piṇḍaḥ ||8||
baladevaḥ : jñāneti | jñānam śāstrajaṃ vijñānam viviktātmānubhavas tābhyāṃ tṛptātmā pūrṇa-manāḥ | kūṭastha eka-svabhāvatayā sarva-kālaṃ sthitaḥ | ato vijitendriyaḥ prakṛti-viviktātma-mātra-niṣṭhatvāt | prākṛteṣu loṣṭrādiṣu | loṣṭaṃ mṛt-piṇḍaḥ | īdṛśo yogī niṣkāma-karmī yukta ātma-darśana-rūpa-yogābhyāsa-yogya ucyate ||8||
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BhG 6.9
suhṛn-mitrāry-udāsīna-madhyastha-dveṣya-bandhuṣu |
sādhuṣv api ca pāpeṣu sama-buddhir viśiṣyate ||9||
śrīdharaḥ : suhṛn-mitrādiṣu sama-buddhi-yuktas tu tato 'pi śreṣṭha ity āha suhṛd iti | suhṛt svabhāvenaiva hitāśaṃsī | mitraṃ sneha-vaśenopakārakaḥ | arir ghātakaḥ | udāsīno vivadamānayor apy upekṣakaḥ | madhya-stho vivadamānayor ubhayor api hitāśaṃsī | dveṣyo dveṣa-viṣayaḥ | bandhuḥ saṃbandhī | sādhavaḥ sad-ācārāḥ | pāpā durācārāḥ | eteṣu samā rāga-dveṣādi-śūnyā buddhir yasya sa tu viśiṣṭaḥ ||9||
madhusūdanaḥ : suhṛn-mitrādiṣu sama-buddhis tu sarva-yogi-śreṣṭha ity āha suhṛd iti | suhṛt pratyupakāram anapekṣya pūrva-snehaṃ sambandhaṃ ca vinaivopakartā | mitraṃ snehenopakārakaḥ | ariḥ svakṛtāpakāram anapekṣya svabhāva-krauryeṇāpakartā | udāsīno vivadamānayor ubhayor apy upekṣakaḥ | madhya-stho vivadamānayor ubhayor api hitaiṣī | dveṣyaḥ sva-kṛtāpakāram apekṣyāpakartā | bandhuḥ saṃbandhenopakartā | eteṣu sādhuṣu śāstra-vihita-kāriṣu pāpeṣu śāstra-pratiṣiddha-kāriṣv api | ca-kārād anyeṣu ca sarveṣu sama-buddhiḥ kaḥ kīdṛk-karmety avyāpṛta-buddhiḥ sarvatra rāga-dveṣa-śūnyao viśiṣyate sarvatra utkṛṣṭo bhavati | vimucyate iti vā pāṭhaḥ ||9||
viśvanāthaḥ : suhṛt svabhāvenaiva hitāśaṃsī | mitraṃ kenāpi snehena hita-kārī | arir ghātakaḥ | udāsīno vivadamānayor upekṣakaḥ | madhya-stho vivadamānayor vivādāpahārārthī | dveṣyo 'pakārakatvāt dveṣārhaḥ | bandhuḥ saṃbandhī | sādhavo dhārmikāḥ | pāpā adhārmikāḥ | eteṣu sama-buddhis tu viśiṣyate | sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanāt sakāśād api śreṣṭhaḥ ||9||
baladevaḥ : suhṛd iti | yaḥ suhṛd-ādiṣu sama-buddhiḥ, sa sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanād api yoginaḥ sakāśād viśiṣyate śreṣṭho bhavati | tatra suhṛt svabhāvena hitecchuḥ | mitraṃ kenāpi snehena hita-kṛt | arir nirmitrato 'narthecchuḥ | udāsīno vivadamānayor anapekṣakaḥ | madhya-sthas tayor vivādāpahārārthī | dveṣo 'pakārikatvāt dveṣārhaḥ | bandhuḥ saṃbandhena hitecchuḥ | sādhavo dhārmikāḥ | pāpā adhārmikāḥ ||9||
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BhG 6.10
yogī yuñjīta satatam ātmānaṃ rahasi sthitaḥ |
ekākī yata-cittātmā nirāśīr aparigrahaḥ ||10||
śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ yogārūḍhasya lakṣaṇam uktvedānīṃ tasya sāṅgaṃ yogaṃ vidhatte yogīty ādinā sa yogī paramo mata ity antena granthena yogīti | yogī yogārūḍhaḥ | ātmānaṃ manaḥ | yuñjīta samāhitaṃ kuryāt | satataṃ nirantaram | rahasy ekānte sthitaḥ san | ekākī saṅga-śūnyaḥ | yataṃ saṃyataṃ cittam ātmā dehaś ca yasya | nirāśīr nirākāṅkṣaḥ | aparigrahaḥ parigraha-śūnyaś ca ||10||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ yogārūḍhasya lakṣaṇaṃ phalaṃ coktvā tasya sāṅgaṃ yogaṃ vidhatte yogīty ādibhiḥ sa yogī paramo mata ity antais trayoviṃśatyā ślokaiḥ | tatraivam uttama-phala-prāptaye yogīti | yogī yogārūḍha ātmānaṃ cittaṃ satataṃ nirantaraṃ yuñjīta kṣiptam ūḍha-vikṣipta-bhūmi-parityāgenaikāgra-nirodha-bhūmibhyāṃ samāhitaṃ kuryāt | rahasi giri-guhādau yoga-pratibandhaka-durjanādi-varjite deśe sthita ekākī tyakta-sarva-gṛha-parijanaḥ saṃnyāsī | cittam antaḥ-karaṇam ātmā dehaś ca saṃyatau yoga-pratibandhaka-vyāpāra-śūnyau yasya sa yata-cittātmā | yato nirāśīr vairāgya-dārḍhyena vigata-tṛṣṇaḥ | ataeva cāparigrahaḥ śāstrābhyanujñātenāpi yoga-pratibandhakena parigraheṇa śūnyaḥ ||10||
viśvanāthaḥ : atha sāṅgaṃ yogaṃ vidhatte yogīty ādinā sa yogī paramo mata ity atas tena | yogī yogārūḍha ātmānaṃ mano yuñjīta samādhi-yuktaṃ kuryāt ||10||
baladevaḥ : atha tasya sāṅgaṃ yogam upadiśati yogīty ādi trayoviṃśatyā | yogī niṣkāma-karmī | ātmānaṃ manaḥ satatam aharahar yuñjīta samādhi-yuktaṃ kuryāt | rahasi nirjane niḥśabde deśe sthitaḥ | tatrāpy ekākī dvitīya-śūnyas tatrāpi yata-cittātmā yatau yoga-pratikūla-vyāpāra-varjitau citta-dehau yasya saḥ | yato nirāśīr dṛḍha-vairāgyatayetaratra nispṛhaḥ | aparigraho nirāhāraḥ ||10||
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BhG 6.11-12
śucau deśe pratiṣṭhāpya sthiram āsanam ātmanaḥ |
nātyucchritaṃ nātinīcaṃ cailājinakuśottaram ||11||
tatraikāgraṃ manaḥ kṛtvā yata-cittendriya-kriyaḥ |
upaviśyāsane yuñjyād yogam ātma-viśuddhaye ||12||
śrīdharaḥ : āsana-niyamaṃ darśayann āha śucāv iti dvābhyām | śuddhe sthāne ātmanaḥ svasya āsanaṃ sthāpayitvā | kīdṛśam ? sthiram acalam | nātyucchritaṃ nātīvonnatam | na cātinīcam | celaṃ vastram | ajinaṃ vyāghrādi-carma | celājine kuśebhya uttare yasya | kuśānām upari carma tad upari vastram āstīryetety arthaḥ ||11||
tatreti | tatra tasminn āsana upaviśyaikāgraṃ vikṣepa-rahitaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā yogaṃ yuñjyād abhyaset | yatāḥ saṃyatāś cittasyendriyāṇāṃ ca kriyā yasya saḥ | ātmano manaso viśuddhaya upaśāntaye ||12||
madhusūdanaḥ : tatrāsana-niyamaṃ darśayann āha śucau deśa iti dvābhyām | śucau svabhāvataḥ saṃskārato vā śuddhe jana-samudāya-rahite nirbhaye gaṅgā-taṭa-guhādau deśe sthāne pratiṣṭhāpya sthiram niścalam nātyucchritaṃ nātyuccaṃ nāpy atinīcam cailājina-kuśottaraṃ cailaṃ mṛdu-vastram ajinaṃ mṛdu-vyāghrādi-carma te kuśebhya uttare uparitane yasmiṃs tat | āsyate 'sminn ity āsanaṃ kuśamaya-vṛṣy-upari mṛdu-carma tad-upari mṛdu-vastra-rūpam ity arthaḥ | tathā cāha bhagavān patañjaliḥ sthira-sukham āsanam iti | ātmana iti parāsana-vyāvṛtty-arthaṃ tasyāpi parecchā-niyamābhāvena yoga-vikṣepa-paratvāt ||11||
evam āsanaṃ pratiṣṭhāpya kim kuryād iti tatrāha tatraikāgram iti | tatra tasminn āsana upaviśyaiva na tu śayānas tiṣṭhan vā | āsīnaḥ sambhavāt iti nyāyena | yatāḥ saṃyatā uparatāś cittasyendriyāṇāṃ ca kriyā vṛttayo yena sa yata-cittendriya-kriyaḥ san yogaṃ samādhiṃ yuñjītābhyaset | kim-artham ? ātma-viśuddhaya ātmano 'ntaḥ-karaṇasya sarva-vikṣepa-śūnyatvenātisūkṣmatayā brahma-sākṣātkāra-yogyatāyai | dṛśyate tv agryayā buddhyā sūkṣmayā sūkṣma-darśibhiḥ [KaṭhU 1.3.12] iti śruteḥ |
kiṃ kṛtvā yogam abhyased iti tatrāha ekāgraṃ rājasatāmasa-vyutthānākhya-prāg-ukta-bhūmi-traya-parityāgenaika-viṣayaka-dhārāvāhikāneka-vṛtti-yuktam udrikta-sattvaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā dṛḍha-bhūmikena prayatnena sampādyaikāgratā-vivṛddhy-arthaṃ yogaṃ samprajñāta-samādhim abhyaset | sa ca brahmākāra-mano-vṛtti-pravāha eva nididhyāsanākhyaḥ | tad uktam -
brahmākāra-mano-vṛtti-pravāho 'haṅkṛtiṃ vinā |
saṃprajñāta-samādhiḥ syād dhyānābhyāsa-prakarṣataḥ || iti |
etad evābhipretya dhyānābhyāsa-prakarṣaṃ vidadhe bhagavān - yogī yuñjīta satataṃ [Gītā 6.10] yuñjyād yogam ātma-viśuddhaye [Gītā 6.12] | yukta āsīta mat-para [Gītā 6.14]ity ādi bahu-kṛtvaḥ ||12||
viśvanāthaḥ : pratiṣṭhāpya stthāpayitvā | celājina-kuśottaram iti kuśāsanopari mṛga-carmāsanam | tad upari vastrāsanaṃ nidhāyety arthaḥ | ātmano 'ntaḥ-karaṇasya viśuddhatve vikṣepa-śūnyatvenātisūkṣmatayā brahma-sākṣātkāra-yogyatāyai dṛśyate tv agryayā buddhyā [KaṭhU 1.3.12] iti śruteḥ ||11-12||
baladevaḥ : āsanam āha śucāv iti dvābhyām | śucau svataḥ saṃskārataś ca śuddhe gaṅgā-taṭa-giri-guhādau deśe sthiraṃ niścalam | nātyucchritaṃ nātyuccam | nātinīcam dārvādi-nirmitam āsanaṃ pratiṣṭhāpya saṃsthāpya | cailājine kuśebhya uttare yatra tat | cailaṃ mṛdu-vastram | ajinaṃ mṛdu-mṛgādi-carma | kuśopari vastram āstīryetety arthaḥ | ātmana iti parāsanasya vyāvṛttaye parecchāyau aniyatatvena tasya yoga-pratikūlatvāt | tatreti tasmin pratiṣṭhāpite āsane upaviśya, na tu tiṣṭhan śayāno vety arthaḥ | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ -- āsīnaḥ sambhavāt [Vs 4.1.7] iti | yatā niruddhāś cittādi-kriyā yasya saḥ mana ekāgram avyākulaṃ kṛtvā yogaṃ yuñjīta samādhim abhyaset | ātmano 'ntaḥkaraṇasya viśuddhaye atinairmalyena saukṣmyeṇātma-darśana-yogyatāyai dṛśyate tv agryayā buddhyā
sūkṣmayā sūkṣma-darśibhiḥ [KaṭhU 1.3.12] iti śravaṇāt ||11-12||
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BhG 6.13-14
samaṃ kāya-śiro-grīvaṃ dhārayann acalaṃ sthiraḥ |
saṃprekṣya nāsikāgraṃ svaṃ diśaś cānavalokayan ||13||
praśāntātmā vigata-bhīr brahmacāri-vrate sthitaḥ |
manaḥ saṃyamya mac-citto yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ ||14||
śrīdharaḥ : cittaikāgryāpayoginīṃ dehādhikāriṇāṃ darśayann āha samam iti dvābhyām | kāya iti dehasya madhya-bhāgo vivakṣitaḥ | kāyaś ca śiraś ca grīvā ca kāya-śiro-grīvam | mūlādhārād ārabhya mūrdhāgra-paryantaṃ samam avakram | acalaṃ niścalam | dhārayan | sthiro dṛḍha-prayatno bhūtvety arthaḥ | svīyaṃ nāsikāgraṃ samprekṣya ity ardha-nimīlita-netra ity arthaḥ | itas tato diśaś cānavalokayan āsīta ity uttareṇānvayaḥ ||13||
praśānteti | praśānta ātmā cittaṃ yasya | vigatā bhīr bhayaṃ yasya | brahmacāri-vrate brahmacarye sthitaḥ san | manaḥ saṃyamya pratyāhṛtya | mayy eva cittaṃ yasya | aham eva paraṃ puruṣārtho yasya sa mat-paraḥ | evaṃ yukto bhūtvāsīta tiṣṭhet ||14||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad-arthaṃ bāhyam āsanam uktvādhunā tatra kathaṃ śarīra-dhāraṇam ity ucyate samam iti | kāyaḥ śarīra-madhyaṃ sa ca śiraś ca grīvā ca kāya-śiro-grīvaṃ mūlādhārād ārabhya mūrdhānta-paryantaṃ samam avakram acalam akampaṃ dhārayann eka-tattvābhyāsena vikṣepa-saha-bhāvya-aṅgam ekayattvābhāvaṃ sampādayan sthiro dṛḍha-prayatno bhūtvā | kiṃ ca svaṃ svīyaṃ nāsikāgraṃ saṃprekṣyaiva laya-vikṣepa-rāhityāya viṣaya-pravṛtti-rahito 'nimīlita-netra ity arthaḥ | diśaś cānavalokayann antarāntarā diśāṃ cāvalokanam akurvan yoga-pratibandhakatvāt tasya | evambhūtaḥ sann āsīnety uttareṇa sambandhaḥ ||13||
kiṃ ca praśāntātmeti | nidāna-nivṛtti-rūpeṇa prakarṣeṇa śānto rāgādi-doṣa-rahita ātmāntaḥkaraṇaṃ yasya sa praśāntātmā śāstrīya-niścaya-dārḍhyād vigatā bhīḥ | sarva-karma-parityāgena yuktavāyuktatva-śaṅkā yasya sa vigata-bhīḥ | brahmacāri-vrate brahmacarya-guru-śuśrūṣā-bhikṣānna-bhojanādau sthitaḥ san | manaḥ saṃyamya viṣayākāra-vṛtti-śūnyaṃ kṛtvā | mayi parameśvare pratyak-citi sa-guṇe nirguṇe vā cittaṃ yasya sa mac-citto mad-viṣayaka-dhārāvāhika-citta-vṛttimān | putrādau priye cintanīye sati katham evaṃ syād ata āha mat-paraḥ | aham eva paramānanda-rūpatvāt paraḥ puruṣārthaḥ priyo yasya sa tathā | tad etat preyaḥ putrāt preyo vittāt preyo 'nyasmāt sarvasmād antarataraṃ yad ayam ātmā [BAU 1.4.8] iti śruteḥ | evaṃ viṣayākāra-sarva-vṛtti-nirodhena
bhagavad-ekākāra-citta-vṛtti-yuktaḥ samprajñāta-samādhimān āsītopaviśed yathā-śakti, na tu svecchayā vyuttiṣṭhed ity arthaḥ |
bhavati kaścid rāgī strī-citto na tu striyam eva paratvenārādhyatvena gṛhṇāti | kiṃ tarhi ? rājānaṃ vā devaṃ vā | ayaṃ tu mac-citto mat-paraś ca sarvārādhyatvena mām eva manyata iti bhāṣya-kṛtāṃ vyākhyā |
vyākhyātṛtve 'pi me nātra bhāṣya-kāreṇa tulyatā |
guñjāyāḥ kiṃ nu hemnaika-tulārohe 'pi tulyatā ||14||
viśvanāthaḥ : kāyo deha-madhya-bhāgaḥ samam avakram acalaṃ niścalaṃ dhārayan kurvan manaḥ saṃyamya pratyāhṛtya mac-citto māṃ caturbhujaṃ sundarākāraṃ cintayan | mat-paro mad-bhakti-parāyaṇaḥ ||13-14||
baladevaḥ : āsane tasminn upaviṣṭasya śarīra-dhāraṇa-vidhim āha samam iti | kāyo deha-madhya-bhāgaḥ | kāyaś ca śiraś ca grīvā ca teṣāṃ samāhāraḥ prāṇy-aṅgatvāt | samam avakram | acalam akampam dhārayan kurvan | sthiro dṛḍha-prayatno bhūtvā sva-nāsikāgraṃ samprekṣya sampaśyan mano-laya-vikṣepa-nivṛttaye bhrū-madhya-dṛṣṭiḥ sann ity arthaḥ | antarāntarā diśaś cānavalokayan | evambhūtaḥ sann āsītety uttareṇa sambandhaḥ | praśāntātmā akṣubdha-manāḥ | vigatā bhīr nirbhayaḥ | brahmacāri-vrate brahmacarye sthitaḥ | manaḥ saṃyamya viṣayebhyaḥ pratyāhṛtya | mac-cittaś caturbhujaṃ sundarāṅgaṃ māṃ cintayan | mat-paro mad-eka-puruṣārthaḥ | yukto yogī ||13-14||
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BhG 6.15
yuñjann evaṃ sadātmānaṃ yogī niyata-mānasaḥ |
śāntiṃ nirvāṇa-paramāṃ mat-saṃsthām adhigacchati ||15||
śrīdharaḥ : yogābhyāsa-phalam āha yuñjann evam iti | evam ukta-prakāreṇa sadātmānaṃ mano yuñjan samāhitaṃ kurvan | niyataṃ niruddhaṃ mānasaṃ cittaṃ yasya saḥ | śāntiṃ saṃsāroparamaṃ prāpnoti | kathambhūtam ? nirvāṇaṃ paramaṃ prāpyaṃ yasyāṃ tām | mat-saṃsthāṃ mad-rūpeṇāvasthitām ||15||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ saṃprajñāta-samādhināsīnasya kiṃ syād ity ucyate yuñjann iti | evaṃ raho 'vasthānādi-pūrvokta-niyamenātmānaṃ mano yuñjann abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ samāhitaṃ kurvan yogī sadā yogābhyāsa-paro 'bhāysātiśayena niyataṃ niruddhaṃ mānasaṃ mano yena niyatā niruddhā mānasā mano-vṛtti-rūpā vikārā yeneti vā niyata-mānasaḥ san, śāntiṃ sarva-vṛtty-uparati-rūpāṃ praśāntavāhitāṃ nirvāṇa-paramāṃ tattva-sākṣātkārotpatti-dvāreṇa sakāryāvidyān-nivṛtti-rūpa-mukti-paryavasāyinīṃ mat-saṃsthāṃ mat-svarūpa-paramānanda-rūpāṃ niṣṭhām adhigacchati, na tu sāṃsārikāṇy aiśvaryāṇi anātma-viṣaya-samādhi-phalāny adhigacchati, teṣām apavargopayogi-samādhy-upasargatvāt |
tathā ca tat-tat-samādhi-phalāny uktvāha bhagavān patañjaliḥ -- te samādhāv upasargā vyutthāne siddhayaḥ [YogaS 3.37] iti, sthāny-upanimantraṇe saṅga-smayākaraṇaṃ punaḥ aniṣṭa-prasaṅgāt [YogaS 3.51] iti ca | sthānino devāḥ | tathā coddālako devair āmantrito 'pi tatra saṅgam ādaraṃ smayaṃ garvaṃ cākṛtvā devān avajñāya punar aniṣṭa-prasaṅga-nivāraṇāya nirvikalpakam eva samādhim akarod iti vasiṣṭhenopākhyāyate |
mumukṣubhir heyaś ca samādhiḥ sūtritaḥ patañjalinā -- vitarka-vicārānandāsmitā-rūpānugamāt saṃprajñātaḥ [YogaS 1.17] | samyak saṃśaya-viparyayānadhyavasāya-rahitatvena prajñāyate prakarṣeṇa viśeṣa-rūpeṇa jñāyate bhāvyasya rūpaṃ yena sa samprajñātaḥ samādhir bhāvanā-viśeṣaḥ | bhāvanā hi bhāvyasya viṣayāntara-parihāreṇa cetasi punaḥ punar niveśanam | bhāvyaṃ ca trividhaṃ grāhya-grahaṇa-grahītṛ-bhedāt | grāhyam api dvividhaṃ sthūla-sūkṣma-bhedāt | tad uktaṃ -- kṣīṇa-vṛtter abhijātasyeva maṇer grahītṛ-grahaṇa-grāhyeṣu tat-stha-tad-añjanatā-samāpattiḥ [YogaS 1.41] | kṣīṇā rājasa-tāmasa-vṛttayo yasya tasya cittasya grahītṛ-grahaṇa-grāhyeṣv ātmendriya-viṣayeṣu tat-sthatā tatraivaikāgratā | tad-añjanatā tan-mayatā nyag-bhūte citte bhāvyamānasya
evotkarṣaṃ iti yāvat | tathā-vidhā-samāpattis tad-rūpaḥ pariṇāmo bhavati | yathābhijātasya nirmalasya sphaṭika-maṇes tat-tad-upāśraya-vaśāt tat-tad-rūpāpattir evaṃ nirmalasya cittasya tat-tad-bhāvanīya-vastūparāgāt tat-tad-rūpāpattiḥ samāpattiḥ samādhir iti ca paryāyaḥ | yadyapi garhītṛ-grahaṇa-grāhyeṣv ity uktaṃ tathāpi bhūmikā-krama-vaśād grāhya-grahaṇa-grahītṛṣv iti boddhavyam | yataḥ prathamaṃ grāhya-niṣṭha eva samādhir bhavati tato grahaṇa-niṣṭhas tato grahītṛ-niṣṭha iti | grahītrādi-kramo 'py agre vyākhyāsyate |
tatra yadā sthūlaṃ mahā-bhūtendriyātmaka-ṣoḍaśa-vikāra-rūpaṃ viṣayam ādāya pūrvāparānusandhānena śabdārthollekhena ca bhāvanā kriyate tadā sa-vitarkaḥ samādhiḥ | asminn evālambate pūrvāparānusandhāna-śabdārthollekha-śūnyatvena yadā bhāvanā pravartate tadā nirvitarkaḥ | etāv ubhāv apy atra vitarka-śabdenoktau | tan-mātrāntaḥ-karaṇa-lakṣaṇaṃ sūkṣmaṃ viṣayam ālambya tasya | deśa-kāla-dharmāvacchedena yadā bhāvanā pravartate tadā sa-vicāraḥ | asminn evālambane deśa-kāla-dharmāvacchedaṃ vinā dharmi-mātrāvabhāsitvena yadā bhāvanā pravartate tadā nirvicāraḥ | etāv uabhāv apy atra vicāra-śabdenoktau | tathā ca bhāṣyaṃ vitarkaś cittasya sthūla ālambana ābhogaḥ sūkṣme vicāra iti | iyaṃ grāhya-samāpattir iti vyapadiśyate | yadā rajas-tamo-leśānubiddham antaḥ-karaṇa-sattvaṃ
bhāvyate tadā guṇa-bhāvāc cic-chakteḥ sukha-prakāśamayasya sattvasya bhāvayamānasyodrekātmānanadaḥ samādhir bhavati | asminn eva samādhau ye baddha-dhṛtayas tattvāntaraṃ pradhāna-puruṣa-rūpaṃ na paśyanti te vigata-dehāhaṅkāratvād videha-śabdenocyate | iyaṃ grahaṇa-sampattiḥ | tataḥ paraṃ rajas-tamo-leśānabhibhūtaṃ śuddhaṃ sattvam ālambanīkṛtya yā bhāvanā pravartate tasyāṃ grāhyasya sattvasya nyag-bhāvāc citi-śakter udrekāt sattā-mātrāvaśeṣatvena samādhiḥ sāsmita ity ucyate | na cāhaṅkārāsmitayor abhedaḥ śaṅkanīyaḥ | yato yatrāntaḥkaraṇam ahim ity ullekhena viṣayān vedayate so 'haṅkāraḥ | yatra tv antarmukhatayā pratiloma-pariṇāmena prakṛti-līne cetasi sattā-mātram avabhāti so 'smitā | asminn eva samādhau ye kṛta-paritoṣās te paraṃ puruṣam apaśyantaś
cetasaḥ prakṛtau līnatvāt prakṛti-layā ity ucyante | seyaṃ grahītṛ-samāpattir asmitā-mātra-rūpa-grahītṛ-niṣṭhatvāt | ye tu paraṃ puruṣaṃ vivicya bhāvanāyāṃ pravartante teṣām api kevala-puruṣa-viṣayā viveka-khyātir grahītṛ-samāpattir api na sāsmitaḥ samādhir vivekenāsmitāyās tyāgāt |
tatra grahītṛ-bhāna-pūrvakam eva grahaṇa-bhānaṃ tat-pūrvakaṃ ca sūkṣma-grāhya-bhānaṃ tat-pūrvakaṃ ca sthūla-grāhya-bhānam iti sthūla-viṣayo dvi-vidho 'pi vitarkaś catuṣṭayānugataḥ | dvitīyo vitarka-vikalas tritayānugataḥ | tṛtīyo vitarka-vicārābhyāṃ vikalo dvitayānugataḥ | caturtho vitarka-vicārānandair vikalo 'smitā-mātra iti caturavastho 'yaṃ samprajñāta iti | evaṃ sa-vitarkaḥ sa-vicāraḥ sānandaḥ sāsmitaś ca samādhir antardhānādi-siddhi-hetutayā mukti-hetu-samādhi-virodhitvād dheya eva mumukṣubhiḥ | grahītṛ-grahaṇayor api citta-vṛtti-viṣayatā-daśāyāṃ grāhya-koṭau nikṣepād dheyopādeya-vibhāga-kathanāya grāhya-samāpattir eva vivṛtā sūtra-kāreṇa | catur-vidhā hi grāhya-samāpattiḥ sthūla-grāhya-gocarā dvividhā sa-vitarkā nirvitarkā ca | sūkṣma-grāhya-gocarāpi dvivdihā
sa-vicārā nirvikārā ca | tatra śabdārtha-jñāna-vikalpaiḥ saṃkīrṇā savitarkā samāpattiḥ [YogaS 1.42] śabdārtha-jñāna-vikalpa-sambhinnā sthūlārthāvabhāsa-rūpā savitarkā samāpattiḥ sthūla-gocarā savikalpaka-vṛttir ity arthaḥ |
smṛti-pariśuddhau svarūpa-śūnyevārtha-mātra-nirbhāsā nirvitarkā [YogaS 1.43] tasminn eva sthūla ālambane śabdārtha-smṛti-pravilaye pratyudita-spaṣṭa-grāhyākāra-pratibhāsitayā nyag-bhūta-jñānāṃśatvena svarūpa-śūnyeva nirvitarkā samāpattiḥ sthūla-gocarā nirvikalpaka-vṛttir ity arthaḥ | etayaiva savicārā nirvicārā ca sūkṣma-viṣayā vyākhyātā [YogaS 1.44] sūkṣmas tan-mātrādir viṣayo yasyāḥ sā sūkṣma-viṣayā samāpattir dvividhā sa-vicārā nirvicārā ca savikalpaka-nirvikalpaka-bhedena | etayaiva savitarkayā nirvitarkayā ca sthūla-viṣayayā samāpattyā vyākhyātā | śabdārtha-jñāna-vikalpa-sahitatvena deśa-kāla-dharmādy-avacchinnaḥ sūkṣmo 'rthaḥ pratibhāti yasyāṃ sā sa-vicārā | sa-vicāra-nirvicārayoḥ sūkṣma-viṣayatva-viśeṣaṇāt savitarka-nirvitarkayoḥ sthūla-viṣayatvam
arthād vyākhyātam | sūkṣma-viṣayatvaṃ cāliṅga-paryavasānam [YogaS 1.45] sa-vicārāyā nirvicārāyāś ca samāpatter yat sūkṣma-viṣayatvam uktaṃ tad-aliṅga-paryantaṃ draṣṭavyam | tena sānanda-sāsmitayor grahitṛ-grahaṇa-samāpattyor api grāhya-samāpattāv evāntar-bhāva ity arthaḥ | tathā hi - pārthivasyāṇor gandha-tanmātraṃ sūkṣmo viṣayaḥ | āpasyāpi rasa-tanmātraṃ, taijasasya rūpa-tanmātram, vāyavīyasya sparśa-tanmātraṃ, nabhasaḥ śabda-tanmātraṃ, teṣām ahaṅkāras tasya liṅga-mātraṃ mahat-tattvaṃ tasyāpy aliṅgaṃ pradhānaṃ sūkṣmo viṣayaḥ | saptānām api prakṛtīnāṃ pradhāna eva sūkṣmatā-viśrāntes tat-paryantam eva sūkṣma-viṣayatvam uktam | yadyapi pradhānād api puruṣaḥ sūkṣmo 'sti tathāpy anvayi-kāraṇatvābhāvāt tasya sarvānvayi-kāraṇe pradhāna
eva niratiśayaṃ saukṣmyaṃ vyākhyātam | puruṣas tu nimitta-kāraṇaṃ sad api nānanvayi-kāraṇatvena sūkṣmatām arhati | anvayi-kāraṇatva-vivakṣāyāṃ tu puruṣo 'pi sūkṣmo bhavaty eveti draṣṭavyam | tā eva sa-bījaḥ samādhiḥ [YogaS 1.46] tāś catasraḥ samāpattayo grāhyeṇa bījena saha vartanta iti sa-bījaḥ samādhir vitarka-vicārānandāsmitānugamāt samprajñāta iti prāg uktaḥ | sthūle 'rthe sa-vitarko nirvitarkaḥ | sūkṣme 'rthe sa-vicāro nirvicāra iti |
tatrāntimasya phalam ucyate -- nirvicāra-vaiśāradye 'dhyātma-prasādaḥ [YogaS 1.47] sthūla-viṣayatve tulye 'pi sa-vitarkaṃ śabdārtha-jñāna-vikalpa-saṅkīrṇam apekṣya tad-rahitasya nirvikalpaka-rūpasya nirvitarkasya prādhānyam | tataḥ sūkṣma-viṣayasya sa-vikalpaka-pratibhāsa-rūpasya sa-vicārasya | tato 'pi sūkṣma-viṣayasya nirvikalpaka-pratibhāsa-rūpasya nirvicārasya prādhānyam | tatra pūrveṣāṃ trayāṇāṃ nirvicārārthatvān nirvicāra-phalenaiva phalavattvam | nirvicārasya tu prakṛṣṭābhyāsa-balād vaiśāradye rajas-tamo-nabhibhūta-sattvodreke saty adhyātma-prasādaḥ kleśa-vāsanā-rahitasya cittasya bhūtārtha-viṣayaḥ kramānanurodhī sphuṭaḥ prajñālokaḥ prādurbhavati | tathā ca bhāṣyam -
prajñā-prasādam āruhya aśocyaḥ śocato janān |
bhūmiṣṭhān iva śailasthaḥ sarvān prājño 'nupaśyati || iti |
ṛtaṃbharā tatra prajñā [YogaS 1.48] tatra tasmin prajñā-prasāde sati samāhita-cittasya yogino yā prajñā jāyate sā ṛtam-bharā | ṛtaṃ satyam eva bibharti na tatra viparyāsa-gandho 'py astīti yogikyeveyaṃ samākhyā | sā cottamo yogaḥ | tathā ca bhāṣyam -
āgamenānumānena dhyānābhyāsa-rasena ca |
tridhā prakalpayan prajñāṃ labhate yogam uttamam || iti |
sā tu śrutānumāna-prajñābhyām anya-viṣayā viśeṣārthatvāt [YogaS 1.49] | śrutam āgama-vijñānānaṃ tat-sāmānya-viṣayam eva | na hi viśeṣeṇa saha kasyacic chabdasya saṅgatir grahītuṃ śakyate | tathānumānaṃ sāmānya-viṣayam eva | na hi viśeṣeṇa saha kasyacid vyāptir grahītuṃ śakyate | tasmāc chrutānumāna-viṣayo na viśeṣaḥ kaścid asti | na cāsya sūkṣma-vyavahita-viprakṛṣṭasya vastuno loka-pratyakṣeṇa grahaṇam asti | kiṃ tu samādhi-prajñā-nirgrāhya eva sa viśeṣo bhavati bhūta-sūkṣma-gato vā puruṣa-gato vā | tasmān nirvicāra-vaiśāradya-samudbhavāyāṃ śrutānumāna-vilakṣaṇāyāṃ sūkṣma-vyavahita-prakṛṣṭa-sarva-viśeṣa-viṣayāyāmṛtaṃbharāyām eva prajñāyāṃ yoginā mahān prayatna āstheya ity arthaḥ |
nanu kṣipta-mūḍha-vikṣiptākhya-vyutthāna-saṃskārāṇām ekāgratāyām api sa-vitarka-nirvitarka-sa-vicāra-janānāṃ saṃskārāṇāṃ sad-bhāvāt taiś cālyamānasya cittasya kathaṃ nirvicāra-vaiśāradya-pūrvakādhyātma-prasāda-labhya-rtambharā prajñā pratiṣṭhitā syād ata āha -- taj-jaḥ saṃskāro 'nya-saṃskāra-pratibandhī [YogaS 1.50] tayā ṛtambharayā prajñayā janito yaḥ saṃskāraḥ sa tattva-viṣayayā prajñayā janitatvena balavattvād anyān vyutthānajān samādhijāṃś ca saṃskārān atattva-viṣaya-prajñā-janitatvena durbalān pratibadhnāti sva-kāryākṣamān karoti nāśyatīti vā | teṣāṃ saṃskārāṇām abhibhavāt tat-prabhavāḥ pratyayā na bhavanti | tataḥ samādhir upatiṣṭhate | tataḥ samādhijā prajñā | tataḥ prajñā-kṛtāḥ saṃskārā iti navo navaḥ saṃskārāśayo vardhate
| tataś ca prajñā | taataś ca saṃskārā iti |
nanu bhavatu vyutthāna-saṃskārāṇām atattva-viṣaya-prajñā-janitānāṃ tattva-mātra-viṣaya-samprajñāta-samādhi-prajñā-prabhavaiḥ saṃskāraiḥ pratibandhas teṣāṃ tu saṃskārāṇāṃ pratibandhakābhāvād ekāgra-bhūmāv eva sa-bījaḥ samādhiḥ syān na tu nirbījo nirodha-bhūmāv iti tatrāha -- tasyāpi nirodhe sarva-nirodhān nirbījaḥ samādhiḥ [YogaS 1.51] tasya samprajñātasya samādher ekāgra-bhūmijasya | api-śabdāt kṣipta-mūḍha-vikṣiptānām api nirodhe yogi-prayatna-viśeṣeṇa vilaye sati sarva-nirodhāt samādheḥ samādhijasya saṃskārasyāpi nirodhān nirbījo nirālambano 'saṃprajñāta-samādhir bhavati | sa ca sopāyaḥ prāk sūtritaḥ -- virāma-pratyayābhyāsa-pūrvaḥ saṃskāra-śeṣo 'nyaḥ [YogaS 1.18] iti | viramyate 'neneti virāmo vitarka-vicārānandāsmitādi-rūpa-cintā-tyāgaḥ
| tasya pratyayaḥ kāraṇaṃ paraṃ vairāgyam iti yāvat | virāmaś cāsau pratyayaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣa iti vā | tasyābhyāsaḥ paunaḥpunyena cetasi niveśanaṃ tad eva pūrvaṃ kāraṇaṃ yasya sa tathā saṃskāra-mātra-śeṣaḥ sarvathā nivṛttiko 'nyaḥ pūrvoktāt sa-bījād vilakṣaṇo nirbījo 'saṃprajñāta-samādhir ity arthaḥ | asamprajñātasya hi samādher dvāv upāyāv uktāv abhyāso vairāgyaṃ ca | tatra sālambanatvād abhyāsasya na nirālambana-samādhi-hetutvaṃ ghaṭata iti nirālambanaṃ paraṃ vairāgyam eva hetutvenocyate |
abhyāsas tu samprajñāta-samādhi-dvārā praṇāḍyopayujyate | tad uktaṃ -- trayam antaraṅgaṃ pūrvebhyaḥ [YogaS 3.7] | dhāraṇā-dhyāna-samādhi-rūpaṃ sādhana-trayaṃ yama-niyamāsana-prāṇāyāma-pratyāhāra-rūpa-sādhana-pañcakāpekṣayā sa-bījasya samādher antaraṅgaṃ sādhanam | sādhana-koṭau ca samādhi-śabdenābhyāsa evocyate | mukhyasya samādheḥ sādhyatvāt | tad api bahiraṅgaṃ nirbījasya [YogaS 3.8] | nirbījasya tu samādhes tad api trayaṃ bahiraṅgaṃ paramparayopakāri tasya tu paraṃ vairāgyam evāntaraṅgam ity arthaḥ |
ayam api dvividho bhava-pratyaya upāya-pratyayaś ca | bhava-pratyayo videha-prakṛti-layānām [YogaS 1.19] | videhānāṃ sānandānāṃ prakṛti-layānāṃ ca sāsmitānāṃ daivānāṃ prāg-vyākhyātānāṃ janma-viśeṣād auṣadhi-viśeṣān mantra-viśeṣāt tapo-viśeṣād vā yaḥ samādhiḥ sa bhava-pratyayaḥ | bhavaḥ saṃsāra ātmānātma-vivekābhāva-rūpaḥ pratyayaḥ kāraṇaṃ yasya sa tathā | janma-mātra-hetuko vā pakṣiṇām ākāśa-gamanavat | punaḥ saṃsāra-hetutvān mumukṣubhir heya ity arthaḥ | śraddhā-vīrya-smṛti-samādhi-prajñā-pūrvaka itareṣām [YogaS 1.20] | janmauṣadhi-mantra-tapaḥ-siddha-vyatiriktānām ātmānātma-viveka-darśināṃ tu yaḥ samādhiḥ sa śraddhā-pūrvakaḥ | śraddhādayaḥ pūrva upāyā yasya sa tathā | upāya-pratyaya ity arthaḥ |
teṣu śraddhā yoga-viṣaye cetasaḥ prasādaḥ | sā hi jananīva yoginaṃ pāti | tataḥ śraddadhānasya vivekārthino vīryam utsāha upajāyate | samupajāta-vīryasya pāścātyāsu bhūmiṣu smṛtir utpadyate | tat-smaraṇāc ca cittam anākulaṃ sat samādhīyate | samādhir atraikāgratā | samāhita-cittasya prajñā bhāvya-gocarā vivekena jāyate | tad-abhyāsāt parāc ca vairāgyād bhavaty asamprajñātaḥ samādhir mumukṣūṇām ity arthaḥ | pratikṣaṇa-pariṇāmino hi bhāvā ṛte citi-śakteḥ iti nyāyena tasyām api sarva-vṛtti-nirodhāvasthāyāṃ citta-pariṇāma-pravāhas taj-janya-saṃskāra-pravāhaś ca bhavaty evety abhipretya saṃskāra-viśeṣa ity uktam |
tasya ca saṃskārasya prayojanam uktam -- tataḥ praśānta-vāhitā saṃskārāt [YogaS 3.10] iti | praśānta-vāhitā nāmāvṛttikasya cittasya nirindhanāgnivat pratiloma-pariṇāmenopaśamaḥ | yathā samid-ājyādy-āhuti-prakṣepe vahnir uttarottara-vṛddhyā prajvalati, samid-ādi-kṣaye tu prathama-kṣaṇe kiṃcic chāmyati | uttarottara-kṣaṇeṣu tv adhikam adhikaṃ śāmyatīti krameṇa śāntir vardhate | tathā niruddha-cittasyottarottarādhikaḥ praśamaḥ pravahati | tatra pūrva-praśama-janitaḥ saṃskāra evottarottara-praśamasya kāraṇam | tadā ca nirindhanāgnivac cittaṃ krameṇopaśāmyad-vyutthāna-samādhi-nirodha-saṃskāraiḥ saha svasyāṃ prakṛtau līyate | tadā ca samādhi-paripāka-prabhavena vedānta-vākyajena samyag-darśanenāvidyāyāṃ nivṛttāyāṃ tad-dhetuka-dṛg-dṛśya-saṃyogābhāvād vṛttau pañca-vidhāyām
api nivṛttāyāṃ svarūpa-pratiṣṭhaḥ puruṣaḥ śuddhaḥ kevalo mukta ity ucyate |
tad uktaṃ -- tadā draṣṭuḥ svarūpe 'vasthānam [YogaS 1.3] iti | tadā sarva-vṛtti-nirodhe | vṛtti-daśāyāṃ tu nityāpariṇāmi-caitanya-rūpatvena tasya sarvadām śuddhatve 'py anādinā dṛśya-saṃyogenāvidyakenāntaḥkaraṇa-tādātmyādhyāsād antaḥkaraṇa-vṛtti-sārūpyaṃ prāpnuvan nabhoktāpi bhokteva duḥkhānāṃ bhavati |
tad uktaṃ -- vṛtti-sārūpyam itaratra [YogaS 4] | itaratra vṛtti-prādurbhāve | etad eva vivṛttaṃ draṣṭṛ-dṛśyoparaktaṃ cittaṃ sarvārtham [YogaS 4.23] cittam eva draṣṭṛ-dṛśyoparaktaṃ viṣayi-viṣaya-nirbhāsaṃ cetanācetana-svarūpāpannaṃ viṣayātmakam apy aviṣayātmakam ivācetanam api cetanam iva sphaṭika-maṇi-kalpaṃ sarvārtham ity ucyate | tad anena citta-sārūpyeṇa bhrāntāḥ kecit tad eva cetanam ity āhuḥ | tad asaṃkhyeya-vāsanā-citram api parārthaṃ saṃhatya-kāritvāt [YogaS 4.24] | yasya bhogāpavargārthaṃ tat sa eva paraś cetano 'saṃhataḥ puruṣo na tu ghaṭādivat saṃhatya-kāri cittaṃ cetanam ity arthaḥ | evaṃ ca viśeṣa-darśina ātma-bhāva-bhāvanā-vinivṛttiḥ [YogaS 4.25] | evaṃ yo 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-puruṣayor viśeṣa-darśī tasya yāntaḥ-karaṇe prāg-aviveka-vaśād ātma-bhāva-bhāvanāsīt
sā nivartate | bheda-darśane saty abheda-bhramānupapatteḥ |
sattva-puruṣayor viśeṣa-darśanaṃ ca bhagavad-arpita-niṣkāma-karma-sādhyam | tal-liṅgaṃ ca yoga-bhāṣye darśitam | yathā prāvṛṣi tṛṇāṅkurasyodbhedena tad-bīja-sattānumīyate thatā mokṣa-mārga-śravaṇena siddhānta-ruci-vaśād yasya lomaharṣāśru-pātau dṛśyete tatrāpy asti viśeṣa-darśana-bījam apavarga-mārgīyaṃ karmābhinirvartitam ity anumīyate | yasya tu tādṛśaṃ karma-bījaṃ nāsti tasya mokṣa-mārga-śravaṇe pūrva-pakṣa-yuktiṣu rucir bhavaty aruciś ca siddhānta-yuktiṣu | tasya ko 'ham āsaṃ katham aham āsam ity ādir ātma-bhāva-bhāvanā svābhāvikī pravartate | sā tu viśeṣa-darśino nivartata iti |
evaṃ sati kiṃ syād iti tad āha -- tadā viveka-nimnaṃ kaivalya-prāg-bhāraṃ cittam [YogaS 4.26] | nimnaṃ jala-pravahaṇa-yogyo nīca-deśaḥ | prāg-bhāras tad-ayogya ucca-pradeśaḥ | cittaṃ ca sarvadā pravartamāna-vṛtti-pravāheṇa pravahaj-jala-tulyaṃ tat prāg-ātmānātmāviveka-rūpa-vimārga-vāhi-viṣaya-bhoga-paryantam asyāsīt | adhunā tv ātmānātma-viveka-mārga-vāhi-kaivalya-paryantaṃ sampadyata iti | asmiṃś ca viveka-vāhini citte ye 'ntarāyās te sa-hetukā nivartanīyā ity āha sūtrābhyām -- tac-chidreṣu pratyayāntarāṇi saṃskārebhyaḥ | hānam eṣāṃ kleśavad uktam [YogaS 4.27-8] | tasmin viveka-vāhini citte chidreṣv antarāleṣu pratyayāntarāṇi vyutthāna-rūpāṇy ahaṃ mamety evaṃrūpāṇi vyutthānānubhavajebhyaḥ saṃskārebhyaḥ kṣīyamāṇbhyo 'pi prādurbhavanti | eṣāṃ ca saṃskārāṇāṃ
kleśānām iva hānam uktam | yathā kleśā avidyādayo jñānāgninā dagdha-bīja-bhāvā ca punaś citta-bhūmau prarohaṃ prāpnuvanti tathā jñānāgninā dagdha-bīja-bhāvāḥ saṃskārāḥ pratyayāntarāṇi na praroḍhum arhanti | jñānāgni-saṃskārās tu yāvac cittam anuśerata iti |
evaṃ ca pratyayāntarānudayena viveka-vāhini citte sthirībhūte sati prasaṃkhyāne 'py akusīdasya sarvathāviveka-khyāter dharma-meghaḥ samādhiḥ [YogaS 4.29] prasaṅkhyānaṃ sattva-puruṣānyatā-khyātiḥ śuddhātma-jñānam iti yāvat | tatra buddheḥ sāttvike pariṇāme kṛta-saṃyamasya sarveṣāṃ guṇa-pariṇāmānāṃ svāmivad ākramaṇaṃ sarvādhiṣṭhātṛtvaṃ teṣām eva ca śāntoditāvyapadeśya-dharmitvena sthitānāṃ yathāvad viveka-jñānaṃ sarva-jñātṛtvaṃ ca viśokā nāma siddhiḥ phalaṃ tad-vairāgyāc ca kaivalyam uktaṃ -- sattva-puruṣānyatā-khyāti-mātrasya sarva-bhāvādhiṣṭhātṛtvaṃ sarva-jñātṛtvaṃ ca [YogaS 3.49] sattva-puruṣayoḥ śuddhi-sāmye kaivalyam [YogaS 3.55] iti sūtrābhyām | tad etad ucyate tasmin prasaṅkhyāne saty apy akusīdasya phalam alipsoḥ pratyayāntarāṇām
anudaye sarva-prakārair viveka-khyāteḥ paripoṣād dharma-meghaḥ samādhir bhavati |
ijyācāra-damāhiṃsā-dāna-svādhyāya-karmaṇām |
ayaṃ tu paramo dharmo yad yogenātma-darśanam || iti smṛteḥ ||
dharmaṃ pratyag-brahmaikya-sākṣātkāraṃ mehati siñcatīti dharma-meghas tattva-sākṣātkāra-hetur ity arthaḥ | tataḥ kleśa-karma-nivṛttiḥ | tato dharma-meghāt samādher dharmād vā kleśānāṃ pañca-vidhānām avidyāsmitā-rāga-dveṣābhiniveśānāṃ karmaṇāṃ ca kṛṣṇa-śuklakṛṣṇa-śukla-bhedena trividhānām avidyā-mūlānām avidyā-kṣaye bīja-kṣayād ātyantikī nivṛttiḥ kaivalyaṃ bhavati | kāraṇa-nivṛttyā kārya-nivṛtter ātyantikyā ucitatvād ity arthaḥ |
evaṃ sthite yuñjann eva sadātmānam ity anena samprajñātaḥ samādhir ekāgra-bhūmāv uktaḥ | niyata-mānasa ity anena tat-phala-bhūto 'samprajñāta-samādhir nirodha-bhūmāv uktaḥ | śāntim iti nirodha-samādhija-saṃskāra-phala-bhūtā praśānta-vāhitā | nirvāṇa-paramam iti dharma-meghasya samādhes tattva-jñāna-dvārā kaivalya-hetutvaṃ, mat-saṃsthām ity anenaupaniṣadābhimataṃ kaivalyaṃ darśitam | yasmād evaṃ mahā-phalo yogas tasmāt taṃ mahatā prayatnena sampādayed ity abhiprāyaḥ ||15||
viśvanāthaḥ : ātmānaṃ mano yuñjan dhyāna-yoga-yuktaṃ kurvan | yato niyata-mānaso viṣayoparata-cittaḥ | nirvāṇo mokṣa eva paramaḥ prāpyo yasyāṃ mayy eva nirviśeṣa-brahmaṇi samyak sthā sthitir yasyāṃ tāṃ śāntiṃ saṃsāroparatiṃ prāpnoti ||15||
baladevaḥ : evam āsīnasya kiṃ syāt tad āha yuñjann iti | yogī sadā pratidinam ātmānaṃ yuñjann arpayan | niyata-mānasaḥ mat-sparśa-pariśuddhatayā niyataṃ niścalaṃ mānasaṃ cittaṃ yasya sa, mat-saṃsthāṃ mad-adhīnāṃ nirvāṇa-paramāṃ śāntim adhigacchati labhate | tam eva viditvātimṛtyum eti [ŚvetU 3.8] ity ādi śravaṇāt | nirvāṇa-paramāṃ mokṣāvadhikām iti siddhayo 'pi yoga-phalānīty uktam ||15||
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BhG 6.16
nātyaśnatas tu yogo 'sti na caikāntam anaśnataḥ |
na cātisvapna-śīlasya jāgrato naiva cārjuna ||16||
śrīdharaḥ : yogābhyāsa-niṣṭhasyāhārādi-niyamam āha nātyaśanata iti dvyābhyām | atyantam adhikaṃ bhuñjānasya ekāntam atyantam abhuñjānasyāpi yogaḥ samādhir na bhavati | tathātinidrā-śīlasyātijāgrataś ca yogo naivāsti ||16||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ yogābhyāsa-niṣṭhasyāhārādi-niyamam āha nātyaśanata iti dvyābhyām | yad bhuktaṃ sajjīryati śarīrasya ca kārya-kṣamatāṃ sampādayati tad-ātma-saṃmitam annaṃ tad atikramya lobhenādhikam aśnato na yogo 'sti ajīrṇa-doṣeṇa vyādhi-pīḍitatvāt | na caikāntam anaśnato yogo 'sti | anāhārād atyalpāhārād vā rasa-poṣaṇābhāvena śarīrasya kāryākṣamatvāt | yad u ha vā ātma-saṃmitam annaṃ tad avati tan na hinasti yad bhūyo hinasti tad yat kanīyo 'nnaṃ na tad avati [ŚatapathaB 9.2.1.2] iti śatapatha-śruteḥ | tasmād yogī nātma-saṃmitād annād adhikaṃ nyūnaṃ vāśnīyād ity arthaḥ |
athavā -
pūrayed aśanenārdhaṃ tṛtīyam udakena tu |
vāyoḥ saṅcaraṇārthaṃ tu caturtham avaśeṣayet ||
ity ādi yoga-śāstrokta-parimāṇād adhikaṃ nyūnaṃ vāśnato yogo na sampadyata ity arthaḥ | tathātinidrā-śīlasyātijāgrataś ca yogo naivāsti he 'rjuna sāvadhāo bhavety abhiprāyaḥ | yathā mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇe -
nādhmātaḥ kṣudhitaḥ śrānto na ca vyākula-cetanaḥ |
yuñjīta yogaṃ rājendra yogī siddhy-artham ātmanaḥ ||
nātīśīte na caivoṣṇe na dvandve nānilānvite |
kāleṣv eteṣu yuñjīta na yogaṃ dhyāna-tat-paraḥ || ity ādi ||16||
viśvanāthaḥ : yogābhyāsa-niṣṭhasya niyamam āha nātyaśanata iti dvyābhyām | atyaśnato 'dhikaṃ bhuñjānasya | yad uktaṃ -
pūrayed aśanenārdhaṃ tṛtīyam udakena tu |
vāyoḥ saṅcaraṇārthaṃ tu caturtham avaśeṣayet || iti ||16||
baladevaḥ : yogam abhyasyato bhojanādi-niyamam āha nātīti dvyābhyām | atyaśanam anatyaśanaṃ ca, atisvāpo 'tijāgaraś ca, yoga-virodhy-ativihārādi cottarāt ||16||
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BhG 6.17
yuktāhāra-vihārasya yukta-ceṣṭasya karmasu |
yukta-svapnāvabodhasya yogo bhavati duḥkha-hā ||17||
śrīdharaḥ : tarhi kathambhūtasya yogo bhavatīti ? ata āha - yuktāhāreti | yukto niyata āhāro vihāraś ca gatir yasya | karmasu kāryeṣu yuktā niyatā ceṣṭā yasya | yuktau niyatau svapnāvabodhau nidrā-jāgarau yasya | tasya duḥkha-nivartako yogo bhavati sidhyati ||17||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam āhārādi-niyama-virahiṇo yoga-vyatirekam uktvā tan-niyamavato yogānvayam āha yuktāhāra iti | āhriyata ity āhāro 'nnam | viharaṇaṃ vihāraḥ pāda-kramaḥ | tau yuktau niyata-parimāṇau yasya | tathānyeṣv api praṇava-japopaniṣad-āvartanādiṣu karmasu yuktā niyata-kālā ceṣṭā yasya | tathā svapno nidrā avabodho jāgaraṇaṃ tau yuktau niyata-kālau yasya tasya yogo bhavati | sādhana-pāṭavād ātma-samādhiḥ sidhyati nānyasya | evaṃ prayanta-viśeṣeṇa sampādito yogaḥ kiṃ-phala iti tatrāha duḥkhaheti | sarva-saṃsāra-duḥkha-kāraṇāvidyonmūlana-hetu-brahma-vidyotpādakatvāt sa-mūla-sarva-duḥkha-nivṛtti-hetur ity arthaḥ | atrāhārasya niyatatvam |
ardham aśanasya sa-vyañjanasya tṛtīyam udakasya tu |
vāyoḥ saṃcāraṇārthaṃ tu caturtham avaśeṣayet ||
ity ādi prāg uktam | vihārasya niyatatvaṃ yoganān na paraṃ gacched ity ādi | karmasu ceṣṭāyā niyatatvaṃ vāg-ādi-cāpala-parityāgaḥ | rātrer vibhāga-trayaṃ kṛtvā prathamānyayor jāgaraṇaṃ madhye svapanam iti svapnāvabodhayor niyata-kālatvam | evam anye 'pi yoga-śāstroktā niyamā draṣṭavyāḥ ||17||
viśvanāthaḥ : yukto niyata evāhāro bhojanaṃ vihāro gamanaṃ ca yasya tasya karmasu vyavahārika-pāramārthika-kṛtyeṣu yuktā niyatā eva ceṣṭā vāg-vyāpārādyā yasya tasya ||17||
baladevaḥ : yukteti | mitāhāra-vihārasya karmasu laukika-pāramārthika-kṛtyeṣu mita-vāgādi-vyāpārasya mita-svāpa-jāgarasya ca sarva-duḥkha-nāśako yogo bhavati tasmād yogī tathā tathā vartate ||17||
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BhG 6.18
yadā viniyataṃ cittam ātmany evāvatiṣṭhate |
niḥspṛhaḥ sarva-kāmebhyo yukta ity ucyate tadā ||18||
śrīdharaḥ : kadā niṣpanna-yogaḥ puruṣo bhavatīty apekṣāyām āha yadeti | viniyataṃ viśeṣeṇa niruddhaṃ sac-cittam ātmany eva yadā niścalaṃ tiṣṭhati | kiṃ ca sarva-kāmebhya aihikāmuṣmika-bhogebhyo niḥspṛho vigata-tṛṣṇo bhavati | tadā muktaḥ prāpta-yoga ity ucyate ||18||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam ekāgra-bhūmau samprajñātaṃ samādhim abhidhāya nirodha-bhūmāv asamprajñātaṃ samādhiṃ vaktum upakramate yadeti | yadā yasmin kāle para-vairāgya-vaśād viniyataṃ viśeṣeṇa niyataṃ sarva-vṛtti-śūnyatām āpāditaṃ cittaṃ vigata-rajas-tamaskam antaḥkaraṇa-sattvaṃ svacchatvāt sarva-viṣayākāra-grahaṇa-samartham api sarvato-niruddha-vṛttikatvād ātmany eva pratyak citi anātmānuparakte vṛtti-rāhitye 'pi svataḥ-siddhasyātmākārasya vārayitum aśakyatvāc citer eva prādhānyān nyag-bhūtaṃ sad avatiṣṭhate niścalaṃ bhavati | tadā tasmin sarva-vṛtti-nirodha-kāle yuktaḥ samāhita ity ucyate | kaḥ ? yaḥ sarva-kāmebhyo niḥspṛhaḥ | nirgatā doṣa-darśanena sarvebhyo dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-viṣayebhyaḥ kāmebhyaḥ spṛhā tṛṣṇā yasyeti paraṃ vairāgyam asamprajñāta-samādher
antaraṅgaṃ sādhanam uktam | tathā ca vyākhyātaṃ prāk ||18||
viśvanāthaḥ :yogī niṣpanna-yogaḥ kadā bhaved ity ākāṅkṣāyām āha yadeti | viniyataṃ niruddhaṃ cittam ātmani svasminn evāvatiṣṭhate niścalī-bhavatīty arthaḥ ||18||
baladevaḥ : yogī niṣpanna-yogaḥ kadā syād ity apekṣāyām āha yadeti | yogam abhyasyato yoginaś cittam yadā viniyataṃ niruddhaṃ sadātmany eva svasminn evāvasthitaṃ sthiraṃ bhavati, tad-ātmetara-sarva-spṛhā-śūnyo yukto niṣpanna-yogaḥ kathyate ||18||
__________________________________________________________
BhG 6.19
yathā dīpo nivāta-stho neṅgate sopamā smṛtā |
yogino yata- cittasya yuñjato yogam ātmanaḥ ||19||
śrīdharaḥ : ātmaikyākāratayāvasthitasya cittasyopamānam āha yatheti | vāta-śūnye deśe sthito dīpo yathā neṅgate na vicalati | sopamā dṛṣṭāntaḥ | kasya ? ātma-viṣayaṃ yogaṃ yuñjato 'bhyasyato yoginaḥ | yataṃ niyataṃ cittaṃ yasya tasya niṣkampatayā prakāśakatayā cācañcalaṃ tac cittaṃ tadvat tiṣṭhatīty arthaḥ ||19||
madhusūdanaḥ : samādhau nivṛttikasya cittasyopamānam āha yatheti | dīpa-calana-hetunā vātena rahite deśe sthito dīpo yathā calana-hetv-abhāvān neṅgate na calati, sopamā smṛtā sa dṛṣṭāntaś cintito yogajñaiḥ | kasya ? yogina ekāgra-bhūmau samprajñāta-samādhi-mato 'bhyāsa-pāṭavād yata-cittasya niruddha-sarva-citta-vṛtter asamprajñāta-samādhi-rūpaṃ yogaṃ nirodha-bhūmau yuñjato 'nutiṣṭhato ya ātmāntaḥkaraṇaṃ tasya niścalatayā sattvodrekeṇa prakāśakatayā ca niścalo dīpo dṛṣṭānta ity arthaḥ |
ātmano yogaṃ yuñjata iti vyākhyāne dārṣṭāntikālābhaḥ sarvāvasthasyāpi cittasya sarvadātmākāratayātma-pada-vaiyarthyaṃ ca | na hi yogenātmākāratā cittasya sampādyate, kintu svata evātmākārasya sato 'nātmākāratā nivartyata iti | tasmād dārṣṭāntika-pratipādanārtham evātma-padam | yata-cittasyeti bhāva-paro nirdeśaḥ karma-dhārayo vā yatasya cittasyety arthaḥ ||19||
viśvanāthaḥ : nivāta-stho nirvāta-deśa-sthito dīpo neṅgate na calati yaḥ sa eva dīpa upamā yathā yathāvad ity arthaḥ | so 'ci lope cet pāda-pūraṇam [Pāṇ 6.1.134] iti sandhiḥ | kasyopamā ity ata āha yogina iti |
baladevaḥ : tadā yogī kīdṛśo bhavatīty apekṣāyām āha yatheti | nirvāta-deśa-stho dīpo neṅgate na calati niścalaḥ sa-prabhas tiṣṭhati sa dīpo yathā yathāvad upamā yogajñaiḥ smṛtā cintitā | sopamety atra so 'ci lope cet pāda-pūraṇam [Pāṇ 6.1.134] iti sūtrāt sandhiḥ | upamā-śabdenopamānaṃ bodhyam | kasyety āha yogina iti | yata-cittasya niruddha-sarva-citta-vṛtter ātmano yogaṃ dhyānaṃ yuñjato 'nutiṣṭhataḥ | nivṛtta-sakaletara-citta-vṛttir abhyudita-jñāna-yogī niścala-sa-pradīpa-sadṛśo bhavatīti ||19||
__________________________________________________________
BhG 6.20-23
yatroparamate cittaṃ niruddhaṃ yoga-sevayā |
yatra caivātmanātmānaṃ paśyann ātmani tuṣyati ||20|
sukham ātyantikaṃ yat tad buddhi-grāhyam atīndriyam |
vetti yatra na caivāyaṃ sthitaś calati tattvataḥ ||21||
yaṃ labdhvā cāparaṃ lābhaṃ manyate nādhikaṃ tataḥ |
yasmin sthito na duḥkhena guruṇāpi vicālyate ||22||
taṃ vidyād duḥkha-saṃyoga-viyogaṃ yoga-saṃjñitam |
sa niścayena yoktavyo yogo 'nirviṇṇa-cetasā ||23||
śrīdharaḥ : yaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhur yogaṃ taṃ viddhi pāṇḍava [Gītā 6.2] ity ādau karmaiva yoga-śabdenoktam | nātyaśnatas tu yogo 'sti [Gītā 6.16] ity ādau tu samādhir yoga-śabdenoktaḥ | tatra mukhyo yogaḥ ka ity apekṣāyāṃ samādhim eva svarūpataḥ phalataś ca lakṣayan sa eva mukhyo yoga ity āha yatreti sārdhais tribhiḥ | yatra yasmin avasthā-viśeṣe yogābhyāsena niruddhaṃ cittam uparataṃ bhavatīti yogasya svarūpa-lakṣaṇam uktam | tathā ca pātañjalaṃ sūtram yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] iti | iṣṭa-prāpti-lakṣaṇena phalena tam eva lakṣayati | yatra ca yasminn avasthā-viśeṣe | ātmanā śuddhena manasā ātmānam eva paśyati na tu dehādi | paśyaṃś cātmany eva tuṣyati | na tu viṣayeṣu | yatrety ādīnāṃ yac-chandānāṃ taṃ yoga-saṃjñitaṃ vidyād iti caturthena ślokenānvayaḥ
||20|
ātmany eva toṣe hetum āha sukham iti | yatra yasminn avasthā-viśeṣe yat tat kim api niratiśayam ātyantikaṃ nityaṃ sukhaṃ vetti | nanu tadā viṣayendriya-sambandhābhāvāt kutaḥ sukhaṃ syāt ? tatrāha atīndriyaṃ viṣayendriya-sambandhātītam | kevalaṃ buddhyaivātmākāratayā grāhyam | ataeva ca yatra sthitaḥ saṃs tattvata ātma-svarūpān naiva calati ||21||
acalatvam evopapādayati yam iti | yam ātma-sukha-rūpaṃ lābhaṃ labdhvā tato 'dhikam aparaṃ lābhaṃ na manyate | tasyaiva niratiśaya-sukhatvāt | yasmiṃś ca sthito mahatāpi śītoṣṇādi-duḥkhena na vicālyate nābhibhūyate | etenāniṣṭa-nivṛtti-phalenāpi yogasya lakṣaṇam uktaṃ draṣṭavyam ||22||
tam iti | ya evaṃ-bhūto 'vasthā-viśeṣas taṃ duḥkha-saṃyoga-viyogaṃ yoga-saṃjñitaṃ vidyāt | duḥkha-śabdena duḥkha-miśritaṃ vaiṣayikaṃ sukham api gṛhyate | duḥkhasya saṃyogena saṃsparśa-mātreṇāpi viyogo yasmin tam avasthā-viśeṣaṃ yoga-saṃjñitaṃ yoga-śabda-vācyaṃ jānīyāt | paramātmānā kṣetrajñasya yojanaṃ yogaḥ | yad vā duḥkha-saṃyogena viyoga eva śūre kātara-śabda-vad viruddha-lakṣaṇayā yoga ucyate | karmaṇi tu yoga-śabdas tad-upāyatvād aupacārika eveti bhāvaḥ |
yasmād evaṃ mahā-phalo yogas tasmāt sa eva yatnato 'bhyasanīya ity āha tam iti sārdhena | sa yogo niścayena śāstrācāryopadeśa-janitena nirveda-rahitena cetasā yoktavyaḥ | duḥkha-buddhyā prayatna-śaithilyaṃ nirvedaḥ ||23||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ sāmānyena samādhim uktvā nirodha-samādhiṃ vistareṇa vivarītum ārambhate yatreti | yatra yasmin pariṇāma-viśeṣe yoga-sevayā yogābhyāsa-pāṭavena jāte sati niruddham eka-viṣayaka-vṛtti-pravāha-rūpām ekāgratāṃ tyaktvā nirindhanāgnivad upaśāmyan nirvṛttikatayā sarva-vṛtti-nirodha-rūpeṇa pariṇataṃ bhavati | yatra ca yasmiṃś ca pariṇāme sati ātmanā rajas-tamo 'nabhibhūta-śuddha-sattva-mātreṇāntaḥ-karaṇenātmānaṃ pratyak-caitanyaṃ paramātmābhinnaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-ghanam anantam advitīyaṃ paśyan vedānta-pramāṇajayā vṛttyā sākṣātkurvann ātmany eva paramānanda-ghane tuṣyati, na dehendriya-saṃghāte, na vā tad-bhogye 'nyatra | paramātma-darśane saty atuṣṭi-hetv-abhāvāt tuṣyaty eveti vā | tam antaḥ-karaṇa-pariṇāmaṃ sarva-citta-vṛtti-nirodha-rūpaṃ
yogaṃ vidyād iti pareṇānvayaḥ | yatra kāla iti tu vyākhyānam asādhu tac-chabdānanvayāt ||20||
ātmany eva toṣe hetum āha sukham iti | yatra yasminn avasthā-viśeṣa ātyantikam anantaṃ niratiśayaṃ brahma-svarūpam atīndriyaṃ viṣayendriya-saṃyogānabhivyaṅgyaṃ buddhi-grāhyaṃ buddhyaiva rajas-tamo-mala-rahitayā sattva-mātra-vāhinyā grāhyaṃ sukhaṃ yogī vetti anubhavati | yatra ca sthito 'yaṃ vidvāṃs tattvata ātma-svarūpān naiva calati | taṃ yoga-saṃjñitaṃ vidyād iti pareṇānvayaḥ samānaḥ |
atrātyantikam iti brahma-sukha-svarūpa-kathanam | atīndriyam iti viṣaya-sukha-vyāvṛttiḥ | tasya viṣayendriya-saṃyoga-sāpekṣatvāt | buddhi-grāhyam iti sauṣupta-sukha-vyāvṛttiḥ suṣuptau buddher līnatvāt | samādhau nirvṛttikāyās tasyāḥ sattvāt | tad uktaṃ gauḍa-pādaiḥ - līyate tu suṣuptau tan nigṛhītaṃ na līyate iti | tathā ca śrūyate -
samādhi-nirdhūta-malasya cetaso
niveśitasyātmani yat sukhaṃ bhavet |
na śakyate varṇayituṃ girā tadā
yad etad antaḥ-karaṇena gṛhyate || iti |
antaḥkaraṇena niruddha-sarva-vṛttikenety arthaḥ | vṛttyā tu sukhāsvādanaṃ gauḍācāryais tatra pratiṣiddham - nāsvādayet sukhaṃ tatra niḥsaṅgaṃ prajñayā bhavet iti | mahad idaṃ samādhau sukham anubhavāmīti sa-vikalpa-vṛtti-rūpā prajñā sukhāsvādaḥ | taṃ vyutthāna-rūpatvena samādhi-virodhitvād yogī na kuryāt | ataevaitādṛśyā prajñayā saha saṅgaṃ parityajet tāṃ nirundhyād ity arthaḥ | nirvṛttikena tu cittena svarūpa-sukhānubhavas taiḥ pratipāditaḥ | svasthaṃ śāntaṃ sa-nirvāṇa-kathyaṃ sukham uttamam iti spaṣṭaṃ caitad upariṣṭhāt kariṣyate ||21||
yatra na caivāyaṃ sthitaś calati tattvata ity uktam upapādayati yaṃ labdhveti | yaṃ ca niratiśayātmaka-sukha-vyañjakaṃ nirvṛttika-cittāvasthā-viśeṣaṃ labdhvā santatābhyāsa-paripākena sampādyāparaṃ lābhaṃ tato 'dhikaṃ na manyate | kṛtaṃ kṛtyaṃ prāptaṃ prāpaṇīyam ity ātma-lābhāc ca paraṃ vidyate iti smṛteḥ | evaṃ viṣaya-bhoga-vāsanayā samādher vicalanaṃ nāstīty uktvā śīta-vāta-maśakādy-upadrava-nivāraṇārtham api tan nāstīty āha yasmin paramātma-sukha-maye nirvṛttika-cittāvasthā-viśeṣe sthito yogī guruṇā mahatā śastra-nipātādi-nimittena mahatāpi duḥkhena na vicālyate kim uta kṣudreṇety arthaḥ ||22||
yatroparamata ity ārabhya bahubhir viśeṣaṇair yo nivṛttikaḥ paramānandābhivyañjakaś cittāvasthā-viśeṣa uktas taṃ citta-vṛtti-nirodhaṃ citta-vṛtti-maya-sarva-duḥkha-virodhitvena duḥkha-viyogam eva santaṃ yoga-saṃjñitaṃ viyoga-śabdārtham api virodhi-lakṣaṇayā yoga-śabda-vācyaṃ vidyāj jānīyāc ca tu yoga-śabdānurodhāt kaṃcit sambandhaṃ pratipadyetety arthaḥ | tathā ca bhagavān patañjalir asūtrayat yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] iti | yogo bhavati duḥkhahā [6.17] iti yat prāg uktaṃ tad etad upasaṃhṛtam |
evaṃ-bhūte yoge niścayānirvedayoḥ sādhanatva-vidhānāyāha sa niścayeneti | sa
yathokta-phalo yogo niścayena śāstrācārya-vacana-tātparya-viṣayo 'rthaḥ satya evety adhvayasāyena yoktavyo 'bhyasanīyaḥ | anirviṇṇa-cetasā etāvatāpi kālena yogo na siddhaḥ kim ataḥ paraṃ kaṣṭam ity anutāpo nirvedas tad-rahitena cetasā | iha janmani janmāntare vā setsyati kiṃ tvarayety evaṃ dhairyam uktena manasety arthaḥ | tad etad gauḍa-pādā udājahruḥ -
utseka udadher yadvat kuśāgreāika-bindunā |
manaso nigrahas tadvad bhaved aparikhedataḥ || iti |
utseka utsecanaṃ śoṣaṇādhvasyāyena jaloddharaṇam iti yāvat | atra sampradāya-vida ākhyāyikām ācakṣate | kasyacit kila pakṣiṇo 'ṇḍāni tīra-sthāni taraṅga-vegena sumudro 'pajahāra | sa ca samudraṃ śoṣayiṣāmy eveti pravṛttaḥ sva-mukhāgreṇaikaikaṃ jala-bindum upari pracikṣepa | tadā ca bahubhiḥ pakṣibhir bandhu-vargair vāryamāṇo 'pi naivopararāma | yadṛcchayā ca tatrāgatena nāradena nivārito 'py asmin janmani janmāntare vā yena kenāpy upāyena samudraṃ śoṣayiṣyāmy eveti pratijajñe | tataś ca daivānukūlyāt kṛpālur nārado garuḍaṃ tat-sāhāyyāya preṣayāmāsa | samudras tvaj-jñāti-droheṇa tvām avamanyata iti vacanena | tato garuḍa-pakṣa-vātena śuṣyan samudro bhītas tāny aṇḍāni tasmai pakṣiṇe pradadāv iti | evam akhedena mano-nirodhe parama-dharme pravartamānaṃ yoginam
īśvaro 'nugṛhṇāti | tataś ca pakṣiṇa iva tasyābhimataṃ sidhyatīti bhāvaḥ ||23||
viśvanāthaḥ : nātyaśnatas tu yogo 'stīty ādau yoga-śabdena samādhir uktaḥ | sa ca saṃprajñāto 'saṃprajñātaś ca | sa-vitarka-sa-vicāra-bhedāt saṃprajñāto bahu-vidhaḥ | asaṃprajñāta-samādhi-rūpo yogaḥ kīdṛśa ity apekṣāyām āha yatrety-ādi-sārdhais tribhiḥ | yatra samādhau sati cittam uparamate vastu-mātram eva na spṛśatīty arthaḥ | tatra hetuḥ niruddham iti | tathā ca pātañjala-sūtram - yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] iti | yatrety-ādi-padānāṃ yoga-saṃjñitaṃ vidyād iti caturthenānvayaḥ | ātmanā paramātmākārāntaḥkaraṇenātmānaṃ paśyan tasmin tuṣyati | tatratyaṃ sukhaṃ prāpnoti | yad ātyantikaṃ sukhaṃ prasiddham | atīndriyaṃ viṣayendriya-samparka-rahitam | ataeva yatra sthitaḥ san tattvata ātma-svarūpān naiva calati, ataeva yaṃ lābhaṃ labdhvā tataḥ sakāśād aparaṃ lābham
adhikaṃ na manyate | duḥkhasya saṃyogena sparśa-mātreṇāpi viyogo yasmin taṃ yoga-saṃjñtaṃ yoga-saṃjñāṃ prāptaṃ samādhiṃ vidyāt | yadyapi śīghraṃ na sidhyati tad apy ayaṃ me yogaḥ saṃsetsyaty eveti yo niścayas tena | anirviṇṇa-cetasaitāvatāpi kālena yogo na siddhaḥ | kim ataḥ paraṃ kaṣṭenety anutāpo nirvedas tad-rahitena cetasā | iha janmani janmāntare vā sidhyatu, kiṃ me tvarayeti dhairya-yuktena manasety arthaḥ | tad etad gauḍa-pādā udājahruḥ -
utseka udadher yadvat kuśāgreāika-bindunā |
manaso nigrahas tadvad bhaved aparikhedataḥ || iti |
utseka utsecanam | śoṣaṇādhyavasāyena jaloddharaṇam iti yāvat | atra kācid ākhyāyikāsti | kasyacit kila pakṣiṇo 'ṇḍāni tīra-sthitāni taraṅga-vegena sumudro jahāra | sa ca samudraṃ śoṣayiṣāmīty eveti pratijñāya sva-mukhāgreṇaikaikaṃ jala-bindum upari pracikṣepa | taṃ ca bahubhiḥ pakṣibhir bandhubhir yuktyā vāryamāṇo 'pi naivopararāma | yadṛcchayā ca tatrāgatena nāradena nivārito 'py asmin janmani janmāntare vā samudraṃ śoṣayiṣyāmy eveti tad-agre 'pi punaḥ pratijajñe | tataś ca daivānukūlyāt kṛpālur nārado garuḍaṃ tat-sāhāyyāya preṣayāmāsa | samudras tvadīya-jñāti-droheṇa tvām avamanyata iti vākyena | tato garuḍa-pakṣa-vātena śuṣyan samudro 'tibhītas tāny aṇḍāni tasmai pakṣiṇe dadāv iti |
evam eva śāstra-vacanāstikyena yoge jñāne bhaktau vā pravartamānam utsāhavantam adhyavasāyinaṃ janaṃ bhagavān evānugṛhṇātīti niścetavyam ||20-23||
baladevaḥ : nātyaśnata ity ādau yoga-śabdenoktaṃ samādhiṃ svarūpataḥ phalataś ca lakṣayati yatrety-ādi-sārdha-trayeṇa | yac-chabdānāṃ taṃ vidyād yoga-saṃjñitam ity uttareṇānvayaḥ | yogaysa sevayābhyāsena niruddhaṃ nivṛttetara-vṛttikaṃ cittaṃ yatroparamate mahat sukham etad iti sajjati | na tu dehādi paśyan viṣayeṣv iti citta-vṛtti-nirodhena svarūpeṇeṣṭa-prāpti-lakṣaṇena phalena ca yogo darśitaḥ | sukham iti | yatra samādhau yat tat prasiddham ātyantikaṃ nityaṃ sukhaṃ vetty anubhavati | atīndriyaṃ viṣayendriya-sambandha-rahitaṃ, buddhyātmākārayā grāhyam | ataeva yatra sthitas tattvata ātma-svarūpān naiva calati, yaṃ yogaṃ labdhvaiva tato 'paraṃ lābham adhikaṃ na manyate | guruṇā guṇavat putra-vicchedādinā na vicāyate tam iti | duḥkha-saṃyogasya viyogaḥ pradhvaṃso yatra taṃ yoga-saṃjñtaṃ
samādhim ||20-23||
__________________________________________________________
BhG 6.24
saṃkalpa-prabhavān kāmāṃs tyaktvā sarvān aśeṣataḥ |
manasaivendriya-grāmaṃ viniyamya samantataḥ ||24||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca saṅkalpeti | saṃkalpāt prabhavo yeṣāṃ tān yoga-pratikūlān sarvān kāmān aśeṣataḥ sa-vāsanāṃs tyaktvā manasaiva viṣaya-doṣa-darśinā sarvataḥ prasarantam indriya-samūhaṃ viśeṣeṇa niyamya | yogo yoktavya iti pūrveṇānvayaḥ ||24||
madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ ca kṛtvā yogo 'bhyasnīyaḥ ? saṅkalpo duṣṭeṣv api viṣayeṣv aśobhanatvādarśanena śobhanādhyāsaḥ | tasmāc ca saṅkalpād idaṃ me syād idaṃ me syād ity evaṃ-rūpāḥ kāmāḥ prabhavanti | tān śobhanādhyāsa-prabhavān viṣayābhilāṣān vicāra-janyāśobhanatva-niścayena śobhanādhyāsa-bādhād dṛṣṭeṣu srak-candana-vanitādiṣv adṛṣṭeṣu cendra-loka-pārijātāpsaraḥ-prabhṛtiṣu śva-vānta-pāyasavat svata eva sarvān brahma-loka-paryantān aśeṣato niravaśeṣān savāsanāṃs tyaktvā, ataeva kāma-pūrvakatvād indirya-pravṛttes tad-apāye sati viveka-yuktena manasaivendriya-prāptaṃ cakṣur-ādi-karaṇa-samūhaṃ viniyamya samantataḥ sarvebhyo viṣayebhyaḥ pratyāhṛtya śanaiḥ śanair uparamed ity anvayaḥ ||24||
viśvanāthaḥ : etādṛśa-yogābhyāse pravṛttasya prāthamikaṃ kṛtyam antyaṃ ca kṛtyam āha saṅkalpeti dvābhyām | kāmāṃs tyaktveti prāthamikaṃ kṛtyam | na kiṃcid api cintayed ity antyaṃ kṛtyam ||24-25||
baladevaḥ : sa yogaḥ prārambha-daśāyāṃ niścayena prayatne kṛte saṃsetsyaty evety adhyavasāyena yoktavyo 'nuṣṭheyaḥ | ātmany ayogatva-mananaṃ nirvedas tad-rahitena cetasā hṛtāṇḍārṇava-śoṣakat-pakṣivat sotsāhenety arthaḥ | etādṛśaṃ yogam ārabhamāṇasya prāthamikaṃ kṛtyam āha saṅkalpeti | saṅkalpāt prabhavo yeṣāṃ tān yoga-virodhinaḥ kāmān viṣayān aśeṣataḥ sa-vāsanāṃs tyaktvā | sphuṭam anyat | manasā viṣaya-doṣa-darśinā ||24||
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BhG 6.25
śanaiḥ śanair uparamed buddhyā dhṛti-gṛhītayā |
ātma-saṃsthaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā na kiṃcid api cintayet ||25||
śrīdharaḥ : yadi tu prāktana-karma-saṃskāreṇa mano vicalet tarhi dhāraṇayā sthirīkuryād ity āha śanair iti | dhṛtir dhāraṇā | tayā gṛhītayā vaśīkṛtayā buddhyā | ātma-saṃstham ātmany eva samyak sthitaṃ niścalaṃ manaḥ kṛtvoparamet | tac ca śanaiḥ śanair abhyāsa-krameṇa | na tu sahasā | uparama-svarūpam āha na kiṃcid api cintayet | niścale manasi svayam eva prakāśamāna-paramānanda-svarūpo bhūtvātma-dhyānād api nivartetety arthaḥ ||25||
madhusūdanaḥ : bhūmikā-jaya-krameṇa śanaiḥ śanair uparamet | dhṛti-dhairyam akhinnatā tayā gṛhītā yā buddhir avaśya-kartavyatā-niścaya-rūpā tayā yadā kadācid avaśyaṃ bhaviṣyaty eva yogaḥ kiṃ tvarayety evaṃ-rūpayā śanaiḥ śanair gurūpadiṣṭa-mārgeṇa mano nirundhyāt | etenānirveda-niścayau prāg uktau darśitau | tathā ca śrutiḥ -
yacched vāṅ-manasī prājñas
tad yacchej jñāna ātmani |
jñānam ātmani mahati niyacchet
tad yacchec chānta ātmani || [KaṭhU 1.3.13] iti |
vāg iti vācaṃ laukikīṃ vaidikīṃ ca manasi vyāpāravati niyacchet | nānudhyāyād bahūn śabdān vāco viglāpanaṃ hi tat [BAU 4.4.21] iti śruteḥ | vāg-vṛtti-nirodhena mano-vṛtti-mātra-śeṣo bhaved ity arthaḥ | cakṣur-ādi-nirodho 'py etasyāṃ bhūmau draṣṭavyaḥ | manasīti cchāndasaṃ dairghyam | tan manaḥ karmedriya-jñānendriya-sahakāri nana-vidha-vikalpa-sādhanaṃ karaṇaṃ jñāne jānātīti jñānam iti vyutpattyā jñātary ātmani jñātṛtvopādhāv ahaṅkāre niyacchet | mano-vyāpārān parityajyāhaṅkāra-mātraṃ pariśeṣayet | tac ca jñānaṃ jñātṛtvopādhim ahaṅkāram ātmani mahati mahat-tattve sarva-vyāpake niyacchet | dvividho hy ahaṅkāro viśeṣa-rūpaḥ sāmānya-rūpaś ceti | ayam aham etasya putra ity evaṃ vyaktam abhimanyamāno viśeṣa-rūpo vyaṣṭy-ahaṅkāraḥ | asmīty etāvan-mātram
abhimanyamānaḥ sāmānya-rūpaḥ samaṣṭy-ahaṅkāraḥ | sa ca hiraṇyagarbho mahān ātmeti ca sarvānusyūtatvād ucyate | tābhyām ahaṅkārābhyāṃ vivikto nirupādhikaḥ śāntātmā sarvāntaś cid-eka-rasas tasmin mahāntam ātmānaṃ samaṣṭi-buddhiṃ niyacchet | evaṃ tat-kāraṇam avyaktam api niyacchet | tato nirupādhikas tvaṃ-pada-lakṣyaḥ śuddha ātmā sākṣātkṛtau bhavati |
śuddhe hi cid-eka-rase pratyag-ātmani jaḍa-śakti-rūpam anirvācyam avyaktaṃ prakṛtir upādhiḥ | sā ca prathamaṃ sāmānyāhaṅkāra-rūpaṃ mahat tattvaṃ nāma dhṛtvā vyaktībhavati | tato bahir viśeṣāhaṅkāra-rūpeṇa | tato bahir mano-rūpeṇa | tato bahir vāg-ādīn indriya-rūpeṇa | tad etac chrutyābhihitam -
indriyebhyaḥ parā hy arthā arthebhyaś ca paraṃ manaḥ |
manasas tu parā buddhir buddher ātmā mahān paraḥ ||
mahataḥ parama-vyaktam avyaktāt puruṣaḥ paraḥ |
puruṣān na paraṃ kiṃcit sā kāṣṭhā sā parā gatiḥ || [KaṭhU 1.3.10-1] iti |
tatra gavādiṣv iva vāṅ-nirodhaḥ prathamā bhūmiḥ | bāla-mugdhādiṣv iva nirmanastvaṃ dvitīyā | tandryām ivāhaṅkāra-rāhityaṃ tṛtīyā | suṣuptāv iva mahat-tattva-śāntātmanor madhye mahat-tattvopādānam avyākṛtākhyaṃ tattvaṃ śrutyodāhāri, tathāpi tatra mahat-tattvasya niyamanaṃ nābhyadhāyi | suṣuptāv iva svarūpa-laya-prasaṅgāt | tasya ca karma-kṣaye sati puruṣa-prayatnam antareṇa svata eva siddhatvāt tattva-darśanānupayogitvāc ca | dṛśyate tvam agrayā buddhyā sūkṣmayā sūkṣma-darśibhiḥ iti pūrvam abhidhāya sūkṣmatva-siddhaye nirodha-samādher abhidhānāt | sa ca tattva-didṛkṣor darśana-sādhanatvena dṛṣṭa-tattvasya ca jīvan-mukti-rūpa-kleśa-kṣayāyāpekṣitaḥ |
nanu śāntātmany avaruddhasya cittasya vṛtti-rahitatvena suṣuptivan na darśana-hetutvam iti cet, na | svataḥ-siddhasya darśanasya nivārayitum aśakyatvāt | tad uktaṃ -
ātmānātmākāraṃ svabhāvato 'sthitaṃ sadā cittam |
ātmaikākāratayā tiraskṛtānātma-dṛṣṭiṃ vidadhīta ||
yathā ghaṭa utpadyamānaḥ svato viyat-pūrṇaṃ evotpadyate | jala-taṇḍulādi-pūraṇaṃ tūtpanne ghaṭe paścāt puruṣa-prayatnena bhavati | tatra jalādau niḥsārite 'pi viyan-niḥsārayituṃ na śakyate | mukha-pidhāne 'py antarviyad avatiṣṭhata eva tathā cittam utpadyamānaṃ caitanya-pūrṇam evotpadyate | utpanne tu tasmin mūṣāniṣikta-druta-tāmravad ghaṭa-duḥkhādi-rūpatvaṃ bhoga-hetu-dharmādharma-sahakṛta-sāmagrī-vaśād bhavati | tatra ghaṭa-duḥkhādy-anātmākāre virāma-pratyayābhyāsena nivārite 'pi nirnimittaś cid-ākāro vārayituṃ na śakyate | tato nirodha-samādhinā nirvṛttikena cittena saṃskāra-mātra-śeṣatayātisūkṣmatvena nirupādhika-cid-ātma-mātrābhimukhatvād vṛttiṃ vinaiva nirvighnam ātmānubhūyate | tad etad āha ātma-saṃsthaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā na kiṃcid api cintayed iti | ātmani
nirupādhike pratīci saṃsthā samāptir yasya tad-ātma-saṃsthaṃ sarva-prakāra-vṛtti-śūnyaṃ svabhāva-siddhātmākāra-mātra-viśiṣṭaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā dhṛti-gṛhītayā viveka-buddhyā sampādyāsaṃprajñāta-samādhi-sthaḥ san kiṃcid api anātmānam ātmānaṃ vā na cintayet, na vṛttyā viṣayīkuryāt | anātmākāra-vṛttau hi vyutthānam eva syāt | ātmākāra-vṛttau ca samprajñātaḥ samādhir ity asamprajñāta-samādhi-sthairyāya kām api citta-vṛttiṃ notpādayed ity arthaḥ ||25||
viśvanāthaḥ : See BhG 6.24.
baladevaḥ : antimaṃ kṛtyam āha dhṛti-gṛhītayā dhāraṇāvaśīkṛtyā buddhyā mana ātma-saṃsthaṃ kṛtvātmānaṃ dhyātvā samādhāv uparameta tiṣṭhet | ātmano 'nyat kiṃcid api na cintayet | etac ca śanaiḥ śanair abhyāsa-krameṇa, na tu haṭhena ||25||
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BhG 6.26
yato yato niścarati manaś cañcalam asthiram |
tatas tato niyamyaitad ātmany eva vaśaṃ nayet ||26||
śrīdharaḥ : evam api rajo-guṇa-vaśād yadi manaḥ pracalet tarhi punaḥ pratyāhāreṇa vaśīkuryād ity āha yato yata iti | svabhāvataś cañcalaṃ dhāryamāṇam apy asthiraṃ mano yaṃ yaṃ viṣayaṃ prati nirgacchati, tatas tataḥ pratyāhṛtyātmany eva sthiraṃ kuryāt ||26||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ nirodha-samādhiṃ kurvan yogī śabdādīnāṃ citta-vikṣepa-hetūnāṃ madhye yato yato yasmād yasmān nimittāc chabdāder viṣayād rāga-dveṣādeś ca cañcalaṃ vikṣepābhimukhaṃ san mano niścarati vikṣiptaṃ sad viṣayābhimukhīṃ pramāṇa-viparyaya-vikalpa-smṛtīnām anyatamām api samādhi-virodhinīṃ vṛttim utpādayati, tathā laya-hetūnāṃ nidrāśeṣa-bahv-aśana-śramādīnāṃ madhye yato yato nimittād asthiraṃ layābhimukhaṃ san mano niścarati līnaṃ sat samādhi-virodhinīṃ nidrākhyāṃ vṛttim utpādayati, tatas tato vikṣepa-nimittāl laya-nimittāc ca niyamyaitan mano nirvṛttikaṃ kṛtvātmany eva sva-prakāśa-paramānanda-ghane vaśaṃ nayen nirundhyāt | yathā na vikṣipyeta na vā līyeteti | eva-kāro 'nātma-gocaratvaṃ samādher vārayati | etac ca vivṛtaṃ gauḍācārya-pādaiḥ-
upāyena nigṛhṇīyād vikṣiptaṃ kāma-bhogayoḥ |
suprasannaṃ laye caiva yathā kāmo layas tathā ||
duḥkhaṃ sarvam anusmṛtya kāma-bhogān nivartayet |
ajaṃ sarvam anusmṛtya jātaṃ naiva tu paśyati ||
laye sambodhayec cittaṃ vikṣiptaṃ śamayet punaḥ |
sakaṣāyaṃ vijānīyāt sama-prāptaṃ na cālayet ||
nāsvādayet sukhaṃ tatra niḥsaṅgaḥ prajñayā bhavet |
niścalaṃ nicśarac cittam ekīkuryāt prayatnataḥ ||
yadā na līyate cittaṃ na ca vikṣipyate punaḥ |
aniṅganam anābhāsaṃ niṣpannaṃ brahma tat tadā || iti pañcabhiḥ ślokaiḥ |
upāyena vakṣyamāṇena vairāgyābhyāsena kāma-bhogayor vikṣiptaṃ pramāṇa-viparyaya-vikalpa-smṛtīnām anyatamayāpi vṛttyā pariṇataṃ mano nigṛhṇīyān nirundhyād ātmany evety arthaḥ | kāma-bhogayor iti cintyamānāvasthā-bhujyamānāvasthā-bhedena dvi-vacanam | tathā līyate 'sminn iti layaḥ suṣuptaṃ tasmin suprasannam āyāsa-varjitam api mano nigṛhṇīyād eva | suprasannaṃ cet kuto nigṛhyate ? tatrāha - yathā kāmo viṣaya-gocara-pramāṇādi-vṛtty-utpādanena samādhi-virodhī tathā layo 'pi nidrākhya-vṛtty-utpādanena samādhi-virodhī | sarva-vṛtti-nirodho hi samādhiḥ | ataḥ kāmādi-kṛta-vikṣepād iva śramādi-kṛta-layād api mano niroddhavyam ity arthaḥ |
upāyena nigṛhṇīyāt kena ? ity ucyate sarvaṃ dvaitam avidyā-vijṛmbhitam alpaṃ duḥkham evety anusmṛtya -- yo vai bhūmā tat sukhaṃ, nālpe sukham asti | [ChāU 7.23.1] atha yad alpaṃ tan martyaṃ [ChāU 7.23.1] tad duḥkham iti śruty-arthaṃ gurūpadeśād anu paścāt paryālocya kāmāṃś cintyamānāvasthān viṣayān bhogān bhujyamānāvasthāṃś ca viṣayān nivartayet | manasaḥ sakāśād iti śeṣaḥ | kāmaś ca bhogaś ca kāma-bhogaṃ tasmān mano nivartayed iti vā | evaṃ dvaita-smaraṇa-kāle vairāgya-bhāvanopāya ity arthaḥ | dvaita-vismaraṇaṃ tu paramopāya ity āha ajaṃ brahma sarvaṃ na tato 'tiriktaṃ kiṃcid astīti śāstrācāryopadeśād anantaram anusmṛtya tad-viparītaṃ dvaita-jātaṃ na paśyaty eva | adhiṣṭhāne jñāne kalpitasyābhāvāt | pūrvopāyāpekṣayā vailakṣaṇya-sūcanārthas
tu-śabdaḥ |
evaṃ vairāgya-bhāvanā-tattva-darśanābhyāṃ viṣayebhyo nivartyamānaṃ cittaṃ yadi dainandina-layābhyāsa-vaśāl layābhimukhaṃ bhavet tadā nidrā-śeṣājīrṇa-bahv-aśana-śramāṇāṃ laya-kāraṇānāṃ nirodhena cittaṃ samyak prabodhayed utthāna-prayatnena | yadi punar evaṃ prabodhyamānaṃ dainandina-prabodhābhyāsa-vaśāt kāma-bhogayor vikṣiptaṃ syāt tadā vairāgya-bhāvanayā tattva-sākṣātkāreṇa ca punaḥ śamayet | evaṃ punaḥ punar abhyasyato layāt sambodhitaṃ viṣayebhyaś ca vyāvartitam | nāpi samaprāptam antarālāvasthaṃ cittaṃ stabdhībhūtaṃ, sa-kaṣāyaṃ rāga-dveṣādi-prabala-vāsanā-vaśena stabdhībhāvākhyena kaṣāyeṇa doṣeṇa yuktaṃ vijānīyāt samāhitāc cittād vivekena jānīyāt |
tataś ca nedaṃ samāhitam ity avagamya laya-vikṣepābhyām iva kaṣāyād api cittaṃ nirundhyāt | tataś ca laya-vikṣepa-kaṣāyeṣu parihṛteṣu pariśeṣāc cittena samaṃ brahma prāpyate | tac ca samaprāptaṃ cittaṃ kaṣāya-laya-bhrāntyā na cālayet, viṣayābhimukhaṃ na kuryāt | kintu dhṛti-gṛhītayā buddhyā laya-kaṣāya-prāpter vivicya tasyām eva sama-prāptāv atiyatnena sthāpayet | tatra samādhau parama-sukha-vyañjake 'pi sukhaṃ nāsvādayet | etāvantaṃ kālam ahaṃ sukhīti sukhāsvāda-rūpāṃ vṛttiṃ na kuryāt samādhi-bhaṅga-prasaṅgāt iti prāg eva kṛta-vyākhyānam | prajñayā yad upalabhyate sukhaṃ tad apy avidyā-parikalpitaṃ mṛṣaivety evaṃ-bhāvanayā niḥsaṅgo nispṛhaḥ sarva-sukheṣu bhavet |
athavā prajñayā sa-vikalpa-sukhākāra-vṛtti-rūpayā saha saṅgaṃ parityajet | na tu svarūpa-sukham api nirvṛttikena cittena nānubhavet svabhāva-prāptasya tasya vārayitum aśakyatvāt | evaṃ sarvato nivartya niścalaṃ prayatna-vaśena kṛtaṃ cittaṃ svabhāva-cāñcalyād viṣayābhimukhatayā niścarad bahir nirgacchad ekīkuryāt prayatnataḥ, nirodha-prayatnena same brahmaṇy ekatāṃ nayet |
sama-prāptaṃ cittaṃ kīdṛśam ? ity ucyate yadā na līyate nāpi stabdhībhavati tāmasatva-sāmyena laya-śabdenaiva stabdhībhāvasyopalakṣaṇāt | na ca vikṣipyate punaḥ, na śabdādy-ākāra-vṛttim anubhavati | nāpi sukham āsvādayati, rājasatva-sāmyena sukhāsvādasyāpi vikṣepa-śabdenopalakṣaṇāt | pūrvaṃ bheda-nirdeśas tu pṛthak-prayatna-karaṇāya | evaṃ laya-kaṣāyābhyāṃ vikṣepa-sukhāsvādābhyāṃ ca rahitam aniṅganam iṅganaṃ calanaṃ sa-vāta-pradīpaval layābhimukhya-rūpaṃ tad-rahitaṃ nivāta-pradīpa-kalpam | anābhāsaṃ na kenacid viṣayākāreṇābhāsata ity etat | kaṣāya-sukhāsvādayor ubhayāntarbhāva ukta eva | yadaivaṃ doṣa-catuṣṭaya-rahitaṃ cittaṃ bhavati tadā tac cittaṃ brahma niṣpannaṃ samaṃ brahma prāptaṃ bhavatīty arthaḥ |
etādṛśaś ca yogaḥ śrutyā pratipāditaḥ -
yadā pañcāvatiṣṭhante jñānāni manasā saha |
buddhiś ca na viceṣṭeta tām āhuḥ paramāṃ gatim ||
tāṃ yogam iti manyante sthirām indriya-dhāraṇām |
apramattas tadā bhavati yogo hi prabhavāpyayau || [KaṭhU 2.3.11-2] iti |
etan-mūlakam eva ca yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] iti sūtram | tasmād yuktaṃ tatas tato niyamyaitad ātmany evaṃ vaśaṃ nayed iti ||27||
viśvanāthaḥ : yadi ca prāktana-doṣodgama-vaśād rajo-guṇa-spṛṣṭaṃ manaś cañcalaṃ syāt, tadā punar yogam abhyased ity āha yato yata iti ||26||
baladevaḥ : yadi kadācit prāktana-sūkṣma-doṣān manaḥ pracalet tadā tat pratyāhared ity āha yata iti | yaṃ yaṃ viṣayaṃ prati mano nirgacchati, tatas tata etan mano niyamya pratyāhṛtyātmany eva niratiśaya-sukhatva-bhāvanayā vaśaṃ kuryāt ||26||
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BhG 6.27
praśānta-manasaṃ hy enaṃ yoginaṃ sukham uttamam |
upaiti śānta-rajasaṃ brahma-bhūtam akalmaṣam ||27||
śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ pratyāhārādibhiḥ punaḥ punar mano vaśīkurvan rajo-guṇa-kṣaye sati yoga-sukhaṃ prāpnotīty āha praśānteti | evam ukta-prakāreṇa śāntaṃ rajo yasya tam | ataeva praśāntaṃ mano yasya tam enaṃ niṣkalmaṣam brahmatvaṃ prāptaṃ yoginaṃ uttamam sukhaṃ samādhi-sukhaṃ svayam evopaiti prāpnoti ||27||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ yogābhyāsa-balād ātmany eva yoginaḥ praśāmyati manaḥ | tataś ca praśānteti | prakarṣeṇa śāntaṃ nirvṛttikatayā niruddhaṃ saṃskāra-mātra-śeṣaṃ mano yasya taṃ praśānta-manasaṃ vṛtti-śūnyatayā nirmanaskam | nirmanaskatve hetu-garbhaṃ viśeṣaṇa-dvayaṃ śānta-rajasaṃ akalmaṣam iti | śāntaṃ vikṣepakaṃ rajo yasya taṃ vikṣepa-śūnyam | tathā na vidyate kalmaṣam laya-hetus tamo yasya tam akalmaṣam laya-śūnyam | śānta-rajasam ity anenaiva tamo-guṇopalakṣaṇe ' kalmaṣam saṃsāra-hetu-dharmādharmādi-varjitam iti vā | brahma-bhūtaṃ brahmaiva sarvam iti niścayena samaṃ brahma prāptaṃ jīvan-muktam enaṃ yoginam | evam uktena prakāreṇeti śrīdharaḥ | uttamaṃ niratiśayaṃ sukham upaity upagacchati | manas tad-vṛttyor abhāve suṣuptau svarūpa-sukhāvirbhāva-prasiddhiṃ
dyotayati hi-śabdaḥ | tathā ca prāg-vyākhyātaṃ sukham ātyantikaṃ yat tad ity atra ||27||
viśvanāthaḥ : tataś ca pūrvavad eva tasya samādhisukhaṃ syād ity āha praśānteti | sukhaṃ kartṛ yoginam upaiti prāpnoti |
baladevaḥ : evaṃ prayatamānasya pūrvavad eva samādhi-sukhaṃ syād ity āha praśānteti | praśāntam ātmany acalaṃ mano yasya tam | ataevākalmaṣaṃ dagdha-prāktana-sūkṣma-doṣam | ataeva śānta-rajasam | brahma-bhūtaṃ sākṣāt-kṛta-viviktāvirbhāvitāṣṭa-guṇakātma-svarūpaṃ yoginaṃ praty uttamam ātmānubhava-rūpaṃ mahat sukhaṃ kartā svayam evopaiti ||27||
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BhG 6.28
yuñjann evaṃ sadātmānaṃ yogī vigata-kalmaṣaḥ |
sukhena brahma-saṃsparśam atyantaṃ sukham aśnute ||28||
śrīdharaḥ : tataś ca kṛtārtho bhavatīty āha yuñjann iti | evam anena prakāreṇa sarvadātmānaṃ mano yuñjan vaśīkurvan | viśeṣeṇa sarvātmanā | vigataṃ kalmaṣaṃ yasya saḥ | yogī sukhenānāyāsena brahmaṇaḥ saṃsparśo 'vidyā-nivartakaḥ sākṣātkāras tad evātyantaṃ sukham aśnute | jīvanmukto bhavatīty arthaḥ ||28||
madhusūdanaḥ : uktaṃ sukhaṃ yoginaḥ sphuṭīkaroti yuñjann iti | evam manasaivendriya-grāmam ity ādy-ukta-krameṇātmānaṃ manaḥ sadā yuñjan samādadhad yogī yogena nitya-sambandhī vigata-kalmaṣo vigata-malaḥ saṃsāra-hetu-dharmādharma-rahitaḥ sukhenānāyāseneśvara-praṇidhānāt sarvāntarāya-nivṛttyā brahma-saṃsparśaṃ samyaktvena viṣayāsparśena saha brahmaṇaḥ sparśas tādātmyaṃ yasmiṃs tad-viṣayāsaṃsparśi brahma-svarūpam ity etat | atyantaṃ sarvānantān paricchedān atikrāntaṃ niratiśayaṃ sukham ānandam aśnute vyāpnoti, sarvato-nirvṛttikena cittena laya-vikṣepa-vilakṣaṇam anubhavati, vikṣepe vṛtti-sattvāt, laye ca manaso 'pi svarūpeṇāsattvāt | sarva-vṛtti-śūnyena sūkṣmeṇa manasā sukhānubhavaḥ samādhāv evety arthaḥ |
atra cānāyāsenety antarāya-nivṛttir uktā | te cāntarāyā darśitā yoga-sūtreṇa - vyādhi-styāna-saṃśaya-pramādālasyāvirati-bhrānti-darśanālabdha-bhūmikatvānavasthitatvāni citta-vikṣepās te 'ntarāyāḥ [YogaS 1.30] | cittaṃ vikṣipanti yogād apanayantīti citta-vikṣepā yoga-pratipakṣāḥ | saṃśaya-bhrānti-darśane tāvad vṛtti-rūpatayā vṛtti-nirodhasya sākṣāt-pratipakṣau | vyādhy-ādayas tu sapta vṛtti-sahacaritatayā tat-pratipakṣā ity arthaḥ | vyādhir dhātu-vaiṣamya-nimitto vikāro jvarādiḥ | styānam akarmaṇyatā guruṇā śikṣyamāṇasyāpy āsanādi-karmānarhateti yāvat | yogaḥ sādhanīyo na vety ubhaya-koṭi-spṛg-vijñānaṃ saṃśayaḥ | sa cātad-rūpa-pratiṣṭhatvena viparyayāntargato 'pi sann ubhaya-koṭi-sparśitvaika-koṭi-sparśitva-rūpāvāntara-viśeṣa-vivakṣayātra viparyayād bhedenoktaḥ
| pramādaḥ samādhi-sādhanānām anuṣṭhāna-sāmarthye 'py ananuṣṭhāna-śīlatā viṣayāntara vyāpratatayā yoga-sādhaneṣv audāsīnyam iti yāvat | ālasyaṃ satyām apy audāsīnya-pracyutau kaphādinā tamasā ca kāya-cittayor gurutvam | tac ca vyādhitvenāprasiddham api yoga-viṣaye pravṛtti-virodhi | aviratiś cittasya viṣaya-viśeṣa aikāntiko 'bhilāṣaḥ | bhrānti-darśanaṃ yogāsādhane 'pi tat-sādhanatva-buddhis tathā tat-sādhane 'piy asādhanatva-buddhiḥ | alabdha-bhūmikatvaṃ samādhi-bhūmer ekāgratāyā alābhaḥ | kṣipta-mūḍha-vikṣipta-rūpatvam iti yāvat | anavasthitatvaṃ labdhāyām api samādhi-bhūmau prayatna-śaithilyāc cittasya tatrāpratiṣṭhitatvam | ta ete citta-vikṣepā nava yogamalā yoga-pratipakṣā yogāntarāyā iti cābhidhīyante |
duḥkha-daurmanasyāṅgam ejayatva-śvāsa-praśvāsā vikṣepa-saha-bhuvaḥ [YogaS 1.31] duḥkhaṃ cittasya rājasaḥ pariṇāmo bādhanālakṣaṇaḥ | tac cādhyātmikaṃ śārīraṃ mānasaṃ ca vyādhi-vaśāt kāmādi-vaśāc ca bhavati | ādhibhautikaṃ graha-pīḍādi-janitaṃ dveṣākhya-viparyaya-hetutvāt samādhi-virodhi | daurmanasyam icchā-vighātādi-balavad duḥkhānubhava-janitaś cittasya tāmasaḥ pariṇāma-viśeṣaḥ kṣobhā-para-paryāyaḥ stabdhībhāvaḥ | sa tu kaṣāyatvāl laya-vat samādhi-virodhī | aṅgam ejayatvam aṅga-kampanam āsana-sthairya-virodhi | prāṇena bāhyasya vāyor antaḥ-praveśanaṃ śvāsaḥ samādhy-aṅga-recaka-virodhī | prāṇana koṣṭhyasya vāyor bahir niḥsaraṇaṃ praśvāsaḥ samādhy-aṅga-pūraka-virodhī | samāhita-cittasyaite na bhavanti vikṣipta-cittasyaiva
bhavantīti vikṣepa-sahabhuvo 'ntarāyā eva | ete 'bhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ niroddhavyāḥ | īśvara-praṇidhānena vā | tīvra-saṃvegānām āsanne [YogaS 1.21] samādhi-lābhe prastuta īśvara-praṇidhānād vā [YogaS 1.23] iti pakṣāntaram uktvā praṇidheyam īśvaraṃ kleśa-karma-vipākāśayair aparāmṛṣṭaḥ puruṣa-viśeṣa īśvaraḥ | tatra niratiśayaṃ sarvajñatva-bījam | sa pūrveṣām api guruḥ kālenānavacchedāt [YogaS 1.24-6] iti tribhiḥ sūtraiḥ pratipādya tat-praṇidhānaṃ dvābhyām asūtrayat -- tasya vācakaḥ praṇavaḥ | taj-japas tad-artha-bhāvanam [YogaS 1.27-8] iti | tataḥ pratyak-cetanādhigamo 'py antarāyābhāvaś ca [YogaS 1.29] tataḥ praṇava-japa-rūpāt tad-artha-dhyāna-rūpāc ceśvara-praṇidhānāt pratyak-cetanasya puruṣasya prakṛti-vivekenādhigamaḥ sākṣātkāro bhavati | uktānām
antarāyāṇām abhāvo 'pi bhavatīty arthaḥ |
abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyām antarāya-nivṛttau kartavyāyām abhyāsa-dārḍhyārtham āha -- tat-pratiṣedhārtham eka-tattvābhyāsaḥ [YogaS 1.32] | teṣām antarāyāṇāṃ pratiṣedhārtahm ekasmin kasmiṃścid abhimate tattve 'bhyāsaś cetasaḥ punaḥ punar niveśanaṃ kāryam | tathā -- maitrī-karuṇā-muditopekṣaṇāṃ sukha-duḥkha-puṇyāpuṇya-viṣayāṇāṃ bhāvanātaś citta-prasādanam [YogaS 1.33] | maitrī sauhārdaṃ, karuṇā kṛpā, muditā harṣaḥ, upekṣaudāsīnyam, sukhādi-śabdais tadvantaḥ pratipādyante | sarva-prāṇiṣu sukha-sambhogāpanneṣu sādhv etan mama mitrāṇāṃ sukhitvam iti maitrīṃ bhāvayet | na tv īrṣyām | duḥkhiteṣu kathaṃ nu nāmaiṣā duḥkha-nivṛttiḥ syād iti kṛpām eva bhāvayet | nopekṣāṃ na vā harṣam | puṇyavatsu puṇyānumodanena harṣaṃ
kuryān na tu vidveṣaṃ na copekṣām | apuṇyavatsu caudāsīnyam eva bhāvayen nānumodanaṃ na vā dveṣam | evam asya bhāvayataḥ śuklo dharma upajāyate | tataś ca vigata-rāga-dveṣādi-malaṃ cittaṃ prasannaṃ sad ekāgratā-yogyaṃ bhavati | maitry-ādi-catuṣṭayaṃ copalakṣaṇam abhayaṃ sattva-saṃśuddhir ity ādīnām amānitvam adambhitvam ity ādīnāṃ ca dharmāṇām, sarveṣām eteṣāṃ śubha-vāsanā-rūpatvena malina-vāsanā-nivartakatvāt | rāga-dveṣau mahā-śatrū sarva-puruṣārtha-pratibandhakau mahatā prayatnena parihartavyāv ity etat-sūtrārthaḥ |
evam anye 'pi prāṇāyāmādaya upāyāś citta-prasādanāya darśitāḥ | tad etac citta-prasādanaṃ bhagavad-anugraheṇa yasya jātaṃ taṃ praty evaitad vacanam - sukheneti | anyathā manaḥ-praśamānupapatteḥ ||28||
viśvanāthaḥ : tataś ca kṛtārtha eva bhavatīty āha yuñjann iti | sukham aśnute jīvan-mukta eva bhavatīty arthaḥ ||28||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ svātma-sākṣātkārānantaraṃ paramātma-sākṣātkāraś ca labhata ity āha yuñjann iti | evam ukta-prakāreṇa ātmānaṃ svaṃ yuñjan yogenānubhavata tenaiva vigata-kalmaṣo dagdha-sarva-doṣo yogī sukhenānāyāsena brahma-saṃsparśaṃ paramātmānubhavam atyantam aparimitaṃ sukham aśnute prāpnoti ||28||
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BhG 6.29
sarva-bhūta-stham ātmānaṃ sarva-bhūtāni cātmani |
īkṣate yoga-yuktātmā sarvatra sama-darśanaḥ ||29||
śrīdharaḥ : brahma-sākṣātkāram eva darśayati sarva-bhūta-stham iti | yogenābhyasyamānena yuktātmā samāhita-cittaḥ | sarvatra samaṃ brahmaiva paśyatīti sama-darśanaḥ | tathā sa svam ātmānam avidyākṛta-dehādi-pariccheda-śūnyaṃ sarva-bhūteṣu brahmādi-sthāvarānteṣv avasthitaṃ paśyati | tāni cātmany abhedena paśyati ||29||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ nirodha-samādhinā tvaṃ-pada-lakṣye tat-pada-lakṣye ca śuddhe sākṣātkṛte tadaikya-gocarā tattvam asīti vedānta-vākya-janyā nirvikalpaka-sākṣātkāra-rūpā vṛttir brahma-vidyābhidhānā jāyate | tataś ca kṛtsnāvidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛttyā brahma-sukham atyantam aśnuta ity upapādayati tribhiḥ ślokaiḥ | tatra prathamaṃ tva-pada-lakṣyopasthitim āha sarveti |
sarveṣu bhūteṣu sthāvara-jaṅgameṣu śarīreṣu bhoktṛtayā sthitam ekam eva vibhum ātmānaṃ pratyak-cetanaṃ sākṣiṇaṃ paramārtha-satyam ānanda-ghanaṃ sākṣyebhyo 'nṛta-jaḍa-paricchinna-duḥkha-rūpebhyo vivekenekṣate sākṣātkaroti | tasmiṃś cātmani sākṣiṇi sarvāṇi bhūtāni sākṣyāṇy ādhyāsikena sambandhena bhogyatayā kalpitāni sākṣi-sākṣyayoḥ sambandhāntarānupapatter mithyā-bhūtāni paricchinnāni jaḍāni duḥkhātmakāni sākṣiṇo vivekenekṣate |
kaḥ ? yoga-yuktātmā yogena nirvikcāra-vaiśāradya-rūpeṇa yuktaṃ prasādaṃ prāpta ātmāntaḥkaraṇaṃ yasya sa tathā | tathā ca prāg evoktaṃ - nirvicāra-vaiśāradye 'dhyātma-prasādaḥ [YogaS 1.47] ṛtaṃbharā tatra prajñā [YogaS 1.48] śrutānumāna-prajñābhyām anya-viṣayā viśeṣārthatvāt [YogaS 1.49] iti | tathā ca śabdānumānāgocara-yathārtha-viśeṣa-vastu-gocara-yoga-pratyakṣeṇa ṛtaṃbhara-saṃjñena yugapat sūkṣmaṃ vyavahitaṃ viprakṛṣṭaṃ ca sarvaṃ tulyam eva paśyatīti sarvatra samaṃ darśanaṃ yasyeti sarvatra sama-darśanaḥ sann ātmānam anātmānaṃ ca yoga-yuktātmā yathā-sthitam īkṣata iti yuktam |
athavā yo yoga-yuktātmā yo vā sarvatra-sama-darśanaḥ sa ātmānam īkṣata iti yogi-sama-darśināv ātmekṣaṇādhikāriṇāv uktau | yathā hi citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ sākṣi-sākṣātkāra-hetus tathā jaḍa-vivekena sarvānusyūta-caitanya-pṛthak-karaṇam api | nāvaśyaṃ yoga evāpekṣitaḥ | ata evāha vasiṣṭhaḥ -
dvau kramau citta-nāśasya yogo jñānaṃ ca rāghava |
yogo vṛtti-nirodho hi jñānaṃ samyag-avekṣaṇam ||
asādhyaḥ kasyacid yogaḥ kasyacit tattva-niścayaḥ |
prakārau dvau tato devo jagāda paramaḥ śivaḥ || iti |
citta-nāśasya sākṣiṇaḥ sakāśāt tad-upādhi-bhūta-cittasya pṛthak-karaṇāt tad-adarśanasya | tasyopāya-dvayam - eko 'samprajñāta-samādhiḥ | samprajñāta-samādhau hi ātmaikākāra-vṛtti-pravāha-yuktam antaḥ-karaṇa-sattvaṃ sākṣiṇānubhūyate niruddha-sarva-vṛttikaṃ tūpaśāntatvān nānubhūyata iti viśeṣaḥ | dvitīyas tu sākṣiṇi kalpitaṃ sākṣyam anṛtatvān nāsty eva sākṣy eva tu paramārtha-satyaḥ kevalo vidyata iti vicāraḥ | tatra pratamam upāyaṃ prapañca-paramārthatā-vādino hairaṇyagarbhādayaḥ prapedire | teṣāṃ paramārthasya cittasyādarśanena sākṣi-darśane nirodhātiriktopāya-sambhavāt | śrīmac-chaṅkara-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-matopajīvinas tv aupaniṣadāḥ prapañcānṛtatva-vādino dvitīyam evopāyam upeyuḥ | teṣāṃ hy adhiṣṭhāna-jñāna-dārḍhye sati tatra
kalpitasya bādhitasya cittasya tad-dṛśyasya cādarśanam anāyāsenaivopapadyate | ataeva bhagavat-pūjya-pādāḥ kutrāpi brahma-vidāṃ yogāpekṣāṃ na vyutpādayāṃ babhūva | ataeva caupaniṣadāḥ paramahaṃsāḥ śraute vedānta-vākya-vicāra eva gurum upasṛtya pravartante brahma-sākṣātkārāya na tu yoge | vicāreṇaiva citta-doṣa-nirākaraṇena tasyānyathā-siddhatvād iti kṛtam adhikena ||29||
viśvanāthaḥ : jīvan-muktasya tasya brahma-sākṣātkāraṃ darśayati sarva-bhūta-stham ātmānam iti | paramātmanaḥ sarva-bhūtādhiṣṭhātṛtvam ātmanīti paramātmanaḥ sarva-bhūtādhiṣṭhānaṃ ca | īkṣate aparokṣatayānubhavati | yoga-yuktātmā brahmākārāntaḥkaraṇaḥ | samaṃ brahmaiva paśyatīti sama-darśanaḥ ||29||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ niṣpaṇṇa-samādhiḥ pratyakṣita-sva-parātma-yogī parātmanaḥ sarvagatatvaṃ tad anyātmanāṃ druhiṇādīnāṃ sarveṣāṃ tad-āśrayatvaṃ tasyāviṣayamatvaṃ cānubhavatīty āha sarveti | yoga-yuktātmā siddha-samādhis tad ātmānaṃ ātatatvāc ca mātṛtvād ātmā hi paramo hariḥ iti smṛteḥ | yo mām iti vivaraṇāc ca paramātmānaṃ sarva-bhūta-stham nikhilaṃ jīvāntaryāmiṇam īkṣate | ātmani tasminn āśraya-bhūte sarva-bhūtāni ca tam eva sarva-jīvāśrayaṃ cekṣate | sa ity āha sarvatreti | tat tat-karmānuguṇyenoccāvacatayā sṛṣṭeṣu sarveṣu jīveṣu samam vaiṣamya-śūnyaṃ parātmānaṃ paśyatīti tathā ||29||
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BhG 6.30
yo māṃ paśyati sarvatra sarvaṃ ca mayi paśyati |
tasyāhaṃ na praṇaśyāmi sa ca me na praṇaśyati ||30||
śrīdharaḥ : evambhūtātma-jñāne ca sarva-bhūtātmayā mad-upāsanaṃ mukhyaṃ kāraṇam ity āha yo mām iti | māṃ parameśvaraṃ sarvatra bhūta-mātre yaḥ paśyati | sarvaṃ ca prāṇi-mātraṃ mayi yaḥ paśyati | tasyāhaṃ na praṇaśyāmy adṛśyo na bhavāmi | sa ca mamādṛśyo na bhavati | pratyakṣo bhūtvā kṛpā-dṛṣṭyā taṃ vilokyānugṛhṇāmīty arthaḥ ||30||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ śuddhaṃ tva-padārthaṃ nirūpya śuddhaṃ tat-padārthaṃ nirūpayati yo mām iti | yo yogī mām īśvaraṃ tat-padārtham aśeṣa-prapañca-kāraṇa-māyopādhikam upādhi-vivekena sarvatra prapañce sad-rūpeṇa sphuraṇa-rūpeṇa cānusyūtaṃ sarvopādhi-vinirmuktaṃ paramārtha-satyaam ānanda-ghanam anantaṃ paśyati yoga-jena pratyakṣeṇāparokṣīkaroti | tathā sarvaṃ ca prapañca-jātaṃ māyayā mayy āropitaṃ mad-bhinnatayā mṛṣātvenaiva paśyati | tasyaivaṃ-viveka-darśino 'haṃ tat-padārtho bhagavān na praṇaśyāmi | īśvaraḥ kaścin mad-bhinno 'stīti parokṣa-jñāna-viṣayo na bhavāmi, kintu yogajāparokṣa-jñāna-viṣayo bhavāmi | yadyappi vākyajāparokṣa-jñāna-viṣayatvaṃ tvaṃ-padārthābhedenaiva tathāpi kevalasyāpi tat-padārthasya yogajāparokṣa-jñāna-viṣayatvam
upapadyata eva | evaṃ yogajena pratyakṣeṇa mām aparokṣīkurvan sa ca me na praṇaśyati parokṣo na bhavati | svātmā hi mama sa vidvān atipriyatvāt sarvadā mad-aparokṣa-jñāna-gocaro bhavati | ye yathā māṃ prapadyante tāṃs tathaiva bhajāmy aham [Gītā 4.11] ity ukteḥ | tathiava śara-śayyā-stha-bhīṣma-dhyānasya yudhiṣṭhiraṃ prati bhagavatokteḥ | avidvāṃs tu svātmānam api santaṃ bhagavantaṃ na parśyati | ato bhagavān paśyann api taṃ na paśyati | sa enam avidito na bhunakti [BAU 1.4.15] iti śruteḥ | vidvāṃs tu sadaiva saṃnihito bhagavato 'nugraha-bhājanam ity arthaḥ ||30||
viśvanāthaḥ : evam aparokṣānubhavinaḥ phalam āha yo mām iti | tasyāhaṃ brahma na praṇaśyāmi nāpratyakṣībhavāmi | tathā mat-pratyakṣatāyāṃ śāśvatikyāṃ satyāṃ sa yogī me mad-upāsako na praṇaśyati na kadācid api bhraśyati ||30||
baladevaḥ : etad vivṛṇvan tathātva-darśinaḥ phalam āha yo mām iti | tasya tādṛśasya yogino 'haṃ paramātmā na praṇaśyāmi nādṛśyo bhavāmi | sa ca yogī me na praṇaśyati nādṛśyo bhavati | āvayor mithaḥ-sākṣātkṛtiḥ sarvadā bhavatīty arthaḥ ||30||
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BhG 6.31
sarva-bhūta-sthitaṃ yo māṃ bhajaty ekatvam āsthitaḥ |
sarvathā vartamāno 'pi sa yogī mayi vartate ||31||
śrīdharaḥ : na caivaṃ-bhūto vidhi-kiṅkaraḥ syād ity āha sarva-bhūta-sthitam iti | sarva-bhūteṣu sthitaṃ mām abhedam āsthita āśrito yo bhajati sa yogī jñānī sarvathā karma-parityāgenāpi vartamāno mayy eva vartate mucyate | na tu bhraśyatīty arthaḥ ||31||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ tvaṃ-padārthaṃ tat-padārthaṃ ca śuddhaṃ nirūpya tattvam asīti vākyārthaṃ nirūpayati sarva-bhūtam iti | sarveṣu bhūteṣv adhiṣṭhānatayā sthitaṃ sarvānusyūta-san-mātraṃ mām īśvaraṃ tat-pada-lakṣyaṃ svena tvaṃ-pada-lakṣyeṇa sahaikatvam atyantābhedam āsthito ghaṭākāśo mahākāśa ity atrevopādhi-bheda-nirākaraṇena niścinvan yo bhajati ahaṃ brahmāsmīti vedānta-vākyajena sākṣātkāreṇāparokṣīkaroti so 'vidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛttyā jīvanmuktaḥ kṛta-kṛtya eva bhavati | yāvat tu tasya bādhitānuvṛttyā śarīrādi-darśanam anuvartate tāvat prārabhda-karma-prābalyāt sarva-karma-tyāgena vā yājñavalkyādivat | vihitena karmaṇā vā janakādivat, pratiṣiddhena karmaṇā vā dattātreyādivat | sarvathā yena kenāpi rūpeṇa vartamāno 'pi vyavaharann aḸ sa yogī
brahmāham asamīti vidvān mayi paramātmany evābhedena vartate | sarvathā tasya mokṣaṃ prati nāsti pratibandha-śaṅkā tasya ha na devāś canābhūtyā īśata ātmā hy eṣāṃ sa bhavati [BAU 1.4.10] iti śruteḥ | devā mahā-prabhāvā api tasya mokṣābhavanāya neśate kim utānye kṣudrā ity arthaḥ | brahma-vido niṣiddha-karmaṇi pravartakayo rāga-dveṣayor asambhavena niṣiddha-karmāsambhave 'pi tad aṅgīkṛtya jñāna-stuty-artham idam uktaṃ sarvathā vartamāno 'pīti hatvāpi sa imān lokān na hanti na nibadhyate [Gītā 18.17] itivat ||31||
viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ mad-aparokṣānubhavāt pūrva-daśāyām api sarvatra parātma-bhāvanayā bhajato yogino na vidhi-kaiṅkaryam ity āha sarveti | paramātmaiva sarva-karaṇatvād eko 'stīty ekatvam āsthitaḥ san yo bhajati, śravaṇa-smaraṇādi-bhajana-yukto bhavati, sa sarvathā śāstroktaṃ karma kurvann akurvan vā vartamāno mayi vartate, na tu saṃsāre ||31||
baladevaḥ : sa yogī mamācintya-svarūpa-śaktim anubhavann atipriyo bhavatīty āśayavān āha sarveti | sarveṣāṃ jīvānāṃ hṛdayeṣu prādeśa-mātraś caturbāhur atasī-puṣpa-prabhaś cakrādidharo 'haṃ pṛthak pṛthaṅ nivasāmi | teṣu bahūnāṃ mad-vigrahāṇām ekatvam abhedam āśrito yo māṃ bhajati dhyāyati, so yogī sarvathā vartamāno vyutthāna-kāle sva-vihitaṃ karma kurvann akurvan vā mayi vartate mamācintya-śaktikatva-dharmānubhava-mahimnā nirdagdha-kāma-cāra-doṣo mat-sāmīpya-lakṣaṇaṃ mokṣaṃ vindati, na tu saṃsāram ity arthaḥ | śrutiś ca harer acintya-śatkikatām āha eko 'pi san bahudhā yo 'vabhāti iti | smṛtiś ca -
eka eva paro viṣṇuḥ sarva-vyāpī na saṃśayaḥ |
aiśvaryād rūpam ekaṃ ca sūryavad bahudheyate || iti ||31||
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BhG 6.32
ātmaupamyena sarvatra samaṃ paśyati yo 'rjuna |
sukhaṃ vā yadi vā duḥkhaṃ sa yogī paramo mataḥ ||32||
śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ ca māṃ bhajatāṃ yogināṃ madhye sarva-bhūtānukampī śreṣṭha ity āha ātmaupamyeneti | ātmaupamyena sva-sādṛśyena | yathā mama sukhaṃ priyaṃ duḥkhaṃ cāpriyaṃ tathānyeṣāṃ apīti sarvatra samaṃ paśyan sukham eva sarveṣāṃ yo vāñchati | na tu kasyāpi duḥkham | sa yogī śreṣṭho mamābhimata ity arthaḥ ||32||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam utpanne 'pi tatva-bodhe kaścin mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayayor abhāvāj jīvanmukti-sukhaṃ nānubhavati citta-vikṣepeṇa ca dṛṣṭa-duḥkham anubhavati so 'paramo yogī deha-pāte kaivalya-bhāgitvāt | deha-sad-bhāva-paryantaṃ ca dṛṣṭa-duḥkhānubhavāt | tattva-jñāna-mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayāṇāṃ tu yugapad abhyāsād dṛṣṭa-duḥkha-nivṛtti-pūrvakaṃ jīvanmukti-sukham anubhavan prārabdha-karma-vaśāt samādher vyutthāna-kāle kiṃ syāt ? ity ucyata ātmaupamyeneti |
ātmaivaupamyam upamā tenātma-dṛṣṭāntena sarvatra prāṇi-jāte sukhaṃ vā yadi vā duḥkhaṃ samaṃ tulyaṃ yaḥ paśyati svasyāniṣṭaṃ yathā na sampādayati evaṃ parasyāpy aniṣṭaṃ yo na sampādayati pradveṣa-śūnyatvāt, sa nirvāsanatayopaśānta-manā yogī brahmavit paramaḥ śreṣṭho mataḥ pūrvasmāt, he arjuna | atas tattva-jñāna-mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayāṇām akramam abhyāsāya mahān prayatna āstheya ity arthaḥ |
tatredaṃ sarvaṃ dvaita-jātam advitīye cid-ānandātmani māyayā kalpitatvān mṛṣaivātmaivaikaḥ paramārtha-satyaḥ sac-cid-ānandādvayo 'ham asmīti jñānaṃ tattva-jñānaṃ pradīpa-jvālā-santānavad vṛtti-santāna-rūpeṇa pariṇamamānam antaḥ-karaṇa-dravyaṃ mananātmakatvān mana ity ucyate | tasya nāśe nāma vṛtti-rūpa-pariṇāmaṃ parityajya sarva-vṛtti-nirodhinā nirodhākāreṇa pariṇāmaḥ | pūrvāpara-parāmarśam antareṇa sahasotpadyamānasya krodhādi-vṛtti-viśeṣasya hetuś citta-gataḥ saṃskāra-viśeṣo vāsanā pūrva-pūrvābhyāsena citte vāsyamānatvāt | tasyāḥ kṣayo nāma viveka-janyāyāṃ citta-praśama-vāsanāyāṃ dṛḍhāyāṃ saty api bāhye nimitte krodhādy-anutpattiḥ | tatra tattva-jñāne sati mithyā-bhūte jagati nara-viṣāṇādāv iva dhī-vṛtty-anudayād ātmanaś
ca dṛṣṭatvena punar-vṛtty-anupayogān nirandhanāgnivan mano naśyati | naṣṭe ca manasi saṃskārodbodhakasya bāhyasya nimittasyāpratītau vāsanā kṣīyate | kṣīṇāyāṃ vāsanāyāṃ hetv-abhāvena krodhādi-vṛtty-anudayān mano naśyati | naṣṭe ca manasi śama-damādi-sampattyā tattva-jñānam udeti | evam utpanne tattva-jñāne rāga-dveṣādi-rūpā vāsanā kṣīyate | kṣīṇāyāṃ ca vāsanāyāṃ pratibandhābhāvāt tattva-jñānodaya iti paraspara-kāraṇatvaṃ darśanīyam |
ataeva bhagavān vasiṣṭha āha -
tattva-jñānaṃ mano-nāśo vāsanā-kṣaya eva ca |
mithaḥ kāraṇatāṃ gatvā duḥsādhyāni sthitāni hi ||
tasmād rāghava yatnena pauruṣeṇa vivekinā |
bhogecchāṃ dūratas tyaktvā trayam etat samāśraya || iti |
pauruṣo yatnaḥ kenāpy upāyenāvaśyaṃ sampādayiṣyāmīty evaṃ-vidhotsāha-rūpo nirbandhaḥ | viveko nāma vivicya niścayaḥ | tattva-jñānasya śravaṇādikaṃ sādhanaṃ mano-nāśasya yogaḥ vāsanā-kṣayasya pratikūla-vāsanotpādanam iti | etādṛśa-viveka-yuktena pauruṣeṇa prayatnena bhogecchāyāḥ svalpāyā api haviṣā kṛṣṇa-vartmeveti nyāyena vāsanā-vṛddhi-hetutvād dūrata ity uktam |
dvividho hi vidyādhikārī kṛtopāstir akṛtopāstiś ca | tatra ya upāsya-sākṣātkāra-paryantām upāstiṃ kṛtvā tattva-jñānāya pravṛttas tasya vāsanā-kṣaya-mano-nāśaayor dṛḍhataratvena jñānād ūrdhvaṃ jīvan-muktiḥ svata eva sidhyati | idānīṃtanas tu prāyeṇākṛtopāstir eva mumukṣur autsukya-mātrāt sahasā vidyāyāṃ pravartate | yogaṃ vinā cij-jaḍa-viveka-mātreṇaiva ca mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayau tātkālikau sampādya śama-damādi-sampattyā śravana-manana-nididhyāsanāni sampādayati | taiś ca dṛḍhābhyastaiḥ sarva-bandha-vicchedi tattva-jñānam udeti | avidyā-granthi-brahmatvaṃ hṛdaya-granthiḥ saṃśayāḥ karmāṇy asarva-kāmatvaṃ mṛtyuḥ punar janma cety aneka-vidho bandho jñānān nivartate | tathā ca śrūyate - yo veda nihitaṃ guhāyāṃ so 'vidyā-granthiṃ vikiratīha somya
[] brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati []
bhidyate hṛdaya-granthiś chidyante sarva-saṃśayāḥ |
kṣīyante cāsya karmāṇi tasmin dṛṣṭe parāvare || [MuṇḍU 2.2.8]
satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ brahma | yo veda nihitaṃ guhāyāṃ parame vyoman | so 'śnute sarvān kāmān saha [TaittU 1.1] tam eva viditvātimṛtyum eti [ŚvetU 3.8]
yas tu vijñānavān bhavati sa-manaskaḥ sadā śuciḥ |
sa tu tat-padam āpnoti yasmād bhūyo na jāyate || [KaṭhU 1.3.8]
ya evaṃ vedāhaṃ brahmāsmīti sa idaṃ sarvaṃ bhavati [BAU 1.4.10] ity asarvatva-nivṛtti-phalam udāhāryam | seyaṃ videha-muktiḥ saty api dehe jñānotpatti-sama-kālīnā jñeyā | brahmaṇy avidyādhyāropitānām eteṣāṃ bandhānām avidyā-nāśe sati nivṛttau punar utpatty-asambhavāt | ataḥ śaithilya-hetv-abhāvāt tattva-jñānaṃ tasyānuvartate | mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayautu dṛḍhābhyāsābhāvād bhoga-pradena prārabdhena karmaṇā bādhyamānatvāc ca savāta-pradeśa-pradīpavat sahasā nivartete | ata idānīṃtanasya tattva-jñāninaḥ prāk-siddhe tattva-jñāne na prayatnāpekṣā | kiṃ tu mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayau prayatna-sādhyāv iti | tatra mano-nāśao 'samprajñāta-samādhi-nirūpaṇena nirūpitaḥ prāk | vāsanā-kṣayas tv idānīṃ nirūpyate |
tatra vāsanā-svarūpaṃ vasiṣṭha āha -
dṛḍha-bhāvanayā tyakta-pūrvāpara-vicāraṇam |
yad ādānaṃ padārthasya vāsanā sā prakīrtitā ||
atra ca sva-sva-deśācāra-kula-dharma-svabhāva-bheda-tad-gatāpaśabda-su-śabdādiṣu prāṇinām abhiniveśaḥ sāmānyenodāharaṇam | sā ca vāsanā dvividhā malinā śuddhā ca | śuddhā daivī sampat | śāstra-saṃskāra-prābalyāt tattva-jñāna-sādhanatvenaika-rūpaiva | malinā tu trividhā loka-vāsanā śāstra-vāsanā deha-vāsanā ceti | sarve janā yathā na nindanti tathaivācariṣyāmīty aśakyārthābhiniveśo loka-vāsanā | tasyāś ca ko lokam ārādhayituṃ samartha iti nyāyena sampādayitum aśakyatvāt puruṣārthānupayogitvāc ca malinatvam | śāstra-vāsanā tu trividhā pāṭha-vyasanaṃ bahu-śāstra-vyasanam anuṣṭhāna-vyasanaṃ ceti krameṇa bharadvājasya durvāsaso nidāghasya ca prasiddhā | malinatvaṃ cāsyāḥ kleśāvahatvāt puruṣārthānupayogitvād darpa-hetutvāj janma-hetutvāc ca | deha-vāsanāpi trividhā
ātmatva-bhrāntir guṇādhāna-bhrāntir guṇādhāna-bhrāntir doṣāpanayana-bhrāntiś ceti | tatrātmatva-bhrāntir virocanādiṣu prasiddhā sārvalaukikī | guṇādhānaṃ dvividhaṃ laukikaṃ śāstrīyaṃ ca | samīcīna-śabdādi-viṣaya-sampādanaṃ laukikaṃ, gaṅgā-snāna-śālagrāma-tīrthādi-sampādanaṃ śāstrīyam | doṣāpanayanam api dvividhaṃ laukikaṃ śāstrīyaṃ ca | cikitsakoktair auṣadhair vyādhy-ādy-apanayanaṃ laukikaṃ, vaidika-snānācamanādibhir aśaucādy-apanayanaṃ vaidikam | etasyāś ca sarva-prakārāyā malinatvam aprāmāṇikatvād aśakyatvāt puruṣārthānupayogitvāt punar-janma-hetutvāc ca | tad etal-loka-śāstra-deha-vāsanā-trayam avivekanām upādeyatvena pratibhāsamānam api vividiṣor vedanotpatti-virodhitvād viduṣo jñāna-niṣṭhā-virodhitvāc ca vivekibhir heyam |
tad evaṃ bāhya-viṣaya-vāsanā trividhā nirūpitā | ābhyantara-vāsanā tu kāma-krodha-dambha-darpādy-āsura-sampad-rūpā sarvānartha-mūlaṃ mānasī vāsanety ucyate | tad evaṃ bāhyābhyantara-vāsanā-catuṣṭayasya śuddha-vāsanayā kṣayaḥ sampādanīyaḥ | tad uktaṃ vasiṣṭhena -
mānasīr vāsanāḥ pūrvaṃ tyaktvā viṣaya-vāsanāḥ |
maitryādi-vāsanā rāma gṛhāṇāmala-vāsanāḥ || iti |
tatra viṣaya-vāsanā-śabdena pūrvoktās tisro loka-śāstra-veda-vāsanā vivakṣitāḥ | mānasa-vāsanā-śabdena kāma-krodha-dambha-darpādy-āsura-sampad-vivakṣitā | yad vā śabda-sparśa-rūpa-rasa-gandhā viṣayāḥ | teṣāṃ bhujyamānatva-daśā-janyaḥ saṃskāro viṣaya-vāsanā | kāmyamānatva-daśā-janyaḥ saṃskāro mānasa-vāsanā | asmin pakṣe pūrvoktānāṃ catasṛṇām anayor evāntarbhāvaḥ | bāhyābhyanara-vyatirekeṇa vāsanāntarāsambhavāt | tāsāṃ vāsanānāṃ parityāgo nāma tad-viruddha-maitry-ādi-vāsanotpādanam | tāś ca maitry-ādi-vāsanā bhagavatā patañjalinā sūtritāḥ prāk saṃkṣepeṇa vyākhyātā api punar vyākhyāyante |
cittaṃ hi rāga-dveṣa-puṇya-pāpaiḥ kaluṣīkriyate | tatra sukhānuśayī rāgaḥ [YogaS 2.7] | mohād anubhūyamānaṃ sukham anuśete kaścid dhī-vṛtti-viśeṣo rājasaḥ sarvaṃ sukha-jātīyaṃ me bhūyād iti | tac ca dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-sāmagry-abhāvāt sampādayitum aśakyam | ataḥ sa rāgaś cittaṃ kaluṣīkaroti | yadā tu sukhiu prāṇiṣv ayaṃ maitrīṃ bhāvayet sarve 'py ete sukhino madīyā iti tadā tat sukhaṃ svakīyam eva sampannam iti bhāvayatas tatra rāgo nivartate | yathā svasya rājya-nivṛttāv api putrādi-rājyam eva svakīyaṃ rājyaṃ tadvat | nivṛtte ca rāge varṣāvyapāye jalam iva cittaṃ prasīdati | tathā duḥkhānuśayī dveṣaḥ [YogaS 2.8] duḥkham anuśete kaścd dhī-vṛtti-viśeṣas tamo 'nugata-rajaḥ-pariṇāma īdṛśaṃ sarvaṃ duḥkhaṃ sarvadā me mā bhūd iti | tac ca
śatru-vyāghrādiṣu satsya na nivārayituṃ śakyam | na ca sarve te duḥkha-hetavo hantuṃ śakyante | ataḥ sa dveṣaḥ sadā hṛdayaṃ dahati | yadā tu svasyeva pareṣāṃ sarveṣām api duḥkham mā bhūd iti karuṇāṃ duḥkhiṣu bhāvayet tadā vairyādi-dveṣa-nivṛttau cittaṃ prasīdati | tathā ca smaryate -
prāṇā yathātmano 'bhīṣṭā bhūtānām api te tathā |
ātmaupamyena bhūteṣu dayāṃ kurvanti sādhavaḥ || iti |
etad evehāpy uktam - ātmaupamyena sarvatrety ādi | tathā prāṇinaḥ svabhāvata eva puṇyaṃ nānutiṣṭhanti pāpaṃ tv anutiṣṭhanti | tad āhuḥ -
puṇyasya phalam icchanti puṇyaṃ necchanti mānavāḥ |
na pāpa-phalam icchanti pāpaṃ kurvanti yatnataḥ || iti |
te ca puṇya-pāpe akriyamāṇa-kriyamāṇe paścāt-tāpaṃ janayataḥ | sa ca śrutyānūditaḥ - kim ahaṃ sādhu nākaravaṃ kim ahaṃ pāpam akaravam iti | yady asau puṇya-puruṣeṣu muditāṃ bhāvayet tadā tad-vāsanāvān svayam evāpramatto 'śukla-kṛṣṇe puṇye pravartate | tad uktaṃ karmāśukla-kṛṣṇaṃ yoginas trividham itareṣām ayogināṃ trividhaṃ śuklaṃ śubhaṃ kṛṣṇam aśubhaṃ śukla-kṛṣṇaṃ śubhāśubham iti | tathā pāpa-puruṣeṣūpekṣāṃ bhāvayan svayam api tad-vāsanāvān pāpān nivartate |
tataś ca puṇyākaraṇa-pāpa-karaṇa-nimittasya paścāt-tāpasyābhāve cittaṃ prasīdati | evaṃ sukhiṣu maitrīṃ bhāvayato na kevalaṃ rāgo nivartate kiṃtv asūyerṣyādayo 'pi nivartante | para-guṇeṣu doṣāviṣkaraṇam asūyā | para-guṇānām asahanam īrṣyā | yadā maitrī-vaśāt para-sukhaṃ svīyam eva sampannaṃ tadā para-guṇeṣu katham asūyādikaṃ sambhavet | tathā duḥkhiṣu karuṇāṃ bhāvayataḥ śatru-vadhādikaro dveṣo yadā nivartate tadā duḥkhitva-pratiyogika-svasukhitva-prayukta-darpo 'pi nivartate | evaṃ doṣāntara-nivṛttir apy ūhanīyā vāsiṣṭha-rāmāyaṇādiṣu |
tad evaṃ tattva-jñānaṃ mano-nāśo vāsanā-kṣayaś ceti trayam abhyasanīyam | tatra kenāpi dvāreṇa punaḥ punas tattvānusmaraṇaṃ tattva-jñānābhyāsaḥ | tad uktam -
tac-cintanaṃ tat-kathanam anyonyaṃ tat-prabodhanam |
etad eka-paratvaṃ ca brahmābhyāsaṃ vidur budhāḥ ||
sargādāv eva notpannaṃ dṛśyaṃ nāsty eva tat sadā |
idaṃ jagad ahaṃ ceti bodhābhyāsaṃ viduḥ param || iti |
dṛśyāvabhāsa-virodhi-yogābhyāso mano-nirodhābhyāsaḥ | tad uktam -
atyantābhāva-sampattau jñātur jñeyasya vastunaḥ |
yuktyā śāstrair yatante ye te 'py atrābhyāsinaḥ sthitāḥ || iti |
jñātṛ-jñeyor mithyātva-dhīra-bhāva-sampattiḥ | svarūpeṇāpy apratītir atyantābhāva-sampattis tad-artham | yuktyā yogena |
dṛśyāsambhava-bodhena rāga-dveṣādi-tānave |
ratir ghanoditā yāsau brahmābhyāsaḥ sa ucyate ||
iti rāga-dveṣādi-kṣīṇatā-rūpa-vāsanā-kṣayābhyāsa uktaḥ | tasmād upapannam etat tattva-jñānābhyāsena mano-nāśābhyāsena vāsanā-kṣayābhyāsena ca rāga-dveṣa-śūnyatayā yaḥ sva-para-sukha-duḥkhādiṣu sama-dṛṣṭiḥ sa paramo yogī mato yas tu viṣama-dṛṣṭiḥ sa tattva-jñānavān apy aparamo yogīti ||32||
viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca, sādhana-daśāyāṃ yogī sarvatra samaḥ syād ity uktam | tatra mukhyaṃ sāmyaṃ vyacaṣṭe ātmaupamyeneti | sukhaṃ vā duḥkhaṃ veti yathā mama sukhaṃ priyaṃ duḥkham apriyaṃ, tathaivānyeṣām apīti sarvatra samaṃ paśyan sukham eva sarveṣāṃ yo vāñchati, na tu kasyāpi duḥkham, sa yogī śreṣṭho mamābhimataḥ ||32||
baladevaḥ : sarva-bhūta-hite rataḥ iti yat prāg uktaṃ, tad viśadayati ātmaupamyeneti | vyutthāna-daśāyām ātmaupamyena sva-sādṛśyena sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca yaḥ sarvatra samaṃ paśyati | svasyeva parasya sukham evecchati, na tu duḥkham, sa sva-para-sukha-duḥkha-sama-dṛṣṭiḥ sarvānukampī yogī mama paramaḥ śreṣṭho 'bhimataḥ | tad-viṣama-dṛṣṭis tu tattva-jño 'py aparama-yogīti bhāvaḥ ||32||
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BhG 6.33
arjuna uvāca
yo 'yaṃ yogas tvayā proktaḥ sāmyena madhusūdana |
etasyāhaṃ na paśyāmi cañcalatvāt sthitiṃ sthirām ||33||
śrīdharaḥ : ukta-lakṣaṇasya yogasyāsambhavaṃ manvāno 'rjuna uvāca yo 'yam iti | sāmyena manaso laya-vikṣepa-śūnyatayā kevalātmākārāvasthānena | yo 'yaṃ yogas tvayā proktaḥ | etasya sthirāṃ dīrgha-kālāṃ sthitiṃ na paśyāmi | manasaś cañcalatvāt ||33||
madhusūdanaḥ : uktam artham ākṣipan arjuna uvāca yo 'yam iti | yo 'yaṃ sarvatra samaṣṭi-lakṣaṇaḥ paramo yogaḥ sāmyena samatvena citta-gatānāṃ rāga-dveṣādīnāṃ viṣama-dṛṣṭi-hetūnāṃ nirākaraṇena tvayā sarvajñeneśvareṇoktaḥ | he madhusūdana ! sarva-vaidika-sampradāya-pravartaka ! etasya tvad-uktasya sarva-mano-vṛtti-nirodha-lakṣaṇasya yogasya sthitiṃ vidyamānatāṃ sthirāṃ dīrgha-kālānuvartinīṃ na paśyāmi na sambhāvayāmi aham asmad-vidho 'nyo vā yogābhyāsa-nipuṇaḥ | kasmān na sambhāvayasi tatrāha cañcalatvāt, manasa iti śeṣaḥ ||33||
viśvanāthaḥ : bhagavad-ukta-lakṣaṇasya sāmyasya duṣkaratvam ālakṣyovāca yo 'yam iti | etasya sāmyena prāptasya yogasya sthirāṃ sārvadikīṃ sthitiṃ na paśyāmi | eṣa yogaḥ sarvadā na tiṣṭhati kintu tri-catura-dināny evety arthaḥ | kutaḥ ? cañcalatvāt | tathā hy ātma-duḥkha-sukha-samam eva sarva-jagad-varti-janānāṃ sukha-duḥkhaṃ paśyed iti sāmyam uktam | tatra ye bandhavas taṭasthāś ca teṣu sāmyaṃ bhaved api, ye ripavo ghātakā dveṣṭāro nindakāś ca teṣu na sambhaved eva | na hi mayā svasya yudhiṣṭhirasya duryodhanasya ca sukha-duḥkhe sarvathā tulye draṣṭuṃ śakyete | yadi ca svasya sva-ripūṇāṃ ca jīvātma-paramātma-prāṇendriya-daihika-bhūtāni samāny eveti vivekena prabalasyāticañcalasya manaso nigrahaṇāśakyatvāt | pratyuta viṣayāsaktena tena manasaiva vivekasya grasyamānatva-darśanād
iti ||33||
baladevaḥ : uktam ākṣipann arjuna uvāca yo 'yam iti | sāmyena sva-para-sukha-duḥkha-taulyena yo 'yaṃ yogas tvayā sarvajñena proktas tasya sthirāṃ sārvadikīṃ sthitiṃ niṣṭhām apy ahaṃ na paśyāmi, kintu dvi-trāṇy eva dinānīty arthaḥ | kutaḥ ? cañcalatvāt | ayam arthaḥ - bandhuṣu udāsīneṣu ca tat sāmyaṃ kadācit syāt | na ca śatruṣu nindakeṣu ca kadācid api | yadi paramātmādhiṣṭhānatvaṃ sarvatrāviśeṣam iti vivekena tad grāhyaṃ, tarhi na tat sārvadikaṃ aticapalasya baliṣṭhasya ca manasas tena vivekena nigrahītum aśakyatvād iti ||33||
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BhG 6.34
cañcalaṃ hi manaḥ kṛṣṇa pramāthi balavad dṛḍham |
tasyāhaṃ nigrahaṃ manye vāyor iva suduṣkaram ||34||
śrīdharaḥ : etaṃ sphuṭayati cañcalam iti | cañcalaṃ svabhāvenaiva capalam | kiṃ ca pramāthi pramathana-śīlam | dehendriya-kṣobha-karam ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca balavad vicāreṇāpi jetum aśakyam | kiṃ ca dṛḍhaṃ viṣaya-vāsanānubaddhatayā durbhedam | ato yathākāśe dodhūyamānasya vāyoḥ kumbhādiṣu nirodhanam aśakyaṃ tathāhaṃ tasya manaso nigrahaṃ nirodhaṃ suduṣkaraṃ sarvathā kartum aśakyaṃ manye ||34||
madhusūdanaḥ : sarva-loka-prasiddhatvena tad eva cañcalatvam upapādayati cañcalaṃ hīti | cañcalam atyarthaṃ calaṃ sadā calana-svabhāvaṃ manaḥ | hi prasiddham evaitat | bhaktānāṃ pāpādi-doṣān sarvathā nivārayitum aśakyān api kṛṣati nivārayati teṣām eva sarvathā prāptum aśayān api puruṣārthān ākarṣati prāpayatīti vā kṛṣṇaḥ | tena rūpeṇa sambodhayan durnivāram api citta-cāñcalyaṃ nivārya duṣprāpam api samādhi-sukhaṃ tvam eva prāpayituṃ śaknoṣīti sūcayati | na kevalam atyarthaṃ cañcalaṃ kintu pramāthi śarīram indriyāṇi ca pramathituṃ kṣobhayituṃ śīlaṃ yasya tat | kṣobhakatayā śarīrendriya-saṃghātasya vivaśatā-hetur ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca balavat, abhipretād viṣayāt kenāpy upāyena nivārayitum aśakyam | kiṃ ca, dṛḍhaṃ viṣaya-vāsanā-sahasrānusyūtatayā
bhettum aśakyam, tantu-nāga-vad acchedyam iti bhāṣye | tantu-nāgo nāga-pāśaḥ | tāntanīti gurjarādau prasiddho mahā-hrada-nivāsī jantu-viśeṣo vā | tasyātidṛḍhatayā balavato balavattayā pramāthinaḥ pramāthitayāticañcalasya mahā-matta-vana-gajasya nigrahaṃ nirodhaṃ nirvṛttikatayāvasthānaṃ suduṣkaraṃ sarvathā kartum aśakyam ahaṃ manye | vāyor iva | yathākāśe dodhūyamānasya vāyor niścalatvaṃ sampādya nirodhanam aśakyaṃ tadvad ity arthaḥ |
ayaṃ bhāvaḥ |jāte 'pi tattva-jñāne prārabdha-karma-bhogāya jīvataḥ puruṣasya kartṛtva-bhoktṛtva-sukha-duḥkha-rāga-dveṣādi-lakṣaṇaś citta-dharmaḥ kleśa-hetutvād bādhitānuvṛttyāpi bandho bhavati | citta-vṛtti-nirodha-rūpeṇa tu yogena tasya nivāraṇaṃ jīvanmuktir ity ucyate | yasyāḥ sampādanena sa yogī paramo mata ity uktam | tatredam ucyate | bandhaḥ kiṃ sākṣiṇo nivāryate kiṃ vā cittāt | nādyas tattva-jñānenaiva sākṣiṇo bandhasya nivāritatvāt | na dvitīyaḥ svabhāva-viparyayāyogāt | virodhi-sad-bhāvāc ca | na hi jalād ārdratvam agner voṣṇatvaṃ nivārayituṃ śakyate pratikṣaṇa-pariṇamino hi bhāvā ṛte citi-śakteḥ iti nyāyena pratikṣaṇa-pariṇama-svabhāvatvāc cittasya prārabdha-bhogena ca karmaṇā kṛtsnāvidyā-tat-kārya-nāśane pravṛttasya tattva-jñānasyāpi pratibandhaṃ
kṛtvā sva-phala-dānāya dehendriyādikam avasthāpitam | na ca karmaṇā sva-phala-sukha-duḥkhādi-bhogaś citta-vṛttibhir vinā sampādayituṃ śakyate | tasmād yadyapi svābhāvikānām api citta-pariṇāmānāṃ kathaṃcid yogenābhibhavaḥ śakyeta kartuṃ tathāpi tattva-jñānād iva yogād api prārabdha-phalasya karmaṇaḥ prābalyād avaśyambhāvini cittasya cāñcalye yogena tan-nivāraṇam aśakyam ahaṃ sva-bodhād eva manye | tasmād anupapannam etad ātmaupamyena sarvatra sama-darśī paramo yogī mata ity arjunasyākṣepaḥ |34||
viśvanāthaḥ : etad evāha cañcalam iti | nanu ātmānaṃ rathinaṃ viddhi śarīraṃ ratham eva ca [KaṭhU 1.3.3] ity ādi śruteḥ,
āhuḥ śarīraṃ ratham indriyāṇi
hayān abhīṣūn mana indriyeśam |
vartmāni mātrā dhiṣaṇaṃ ca sūtam [BhP 7.15.41] iti smṛteś ca
buddher mano niyantṛtva-darśanād vivekavatyā buddhyā mano vaśīkartuṃ śaktyam eveti ced ata āha balavat | sva-praśamakam auṣudham api balavān rogo yathā na gaṇayati, tathaiva svabhāvād eva baliṣṭhaṃ mano vivekavatīm api buddhim | kiṃ ca dṛḍham atisūkṣma-buddhi-sūcyāpi loham iva sahasā bhettum aśakyam | vāyor ity ākāśe dodhūyamānasya vāyor nigrahaṃ kumbhakādinā nirodham iva yogenāṣṭāṅgena manaso 'pi nirodhaṃ duṣkaraṃ manye ||34||
baladevaḥ : tad evāha cañcalaṃ hīti | manaḥ svabhāvena cañcalam | nanu
ātmānaṃ rathinaṃ viddhi śarīraṃ ratham eva ca |
buddhiṃ tu sārathiṃ viddhi manaḥ pragraham eva ca ||
indriyāṇi hayān āhur viṣayāṃs teṣu gocarān |
ātmendriya-mano-yukto bhoktety āhur manīṣiṇaḥ || [KaṭhU 1.3.3]
iti śruter buddhi-niyamyaṃ manaḥ śrūyate tato vivekinyāṃ buddhyāṃ śakyaṃ tad vaśīkartum iti cet tatrāha pramāthīti | tādṛśīm api buddhiṃ pramathati | kutaḥ ? balavat sva-praśamakam apy auṣadhaṃ yathā balavān rogo na gaṇayati, tadvat | kiṃ ca dṛḍham sūcyā lauham iva tādṛśyāpi buddhyā bhettum aśakyam ato yogenāpi tasya nigraham ahaṃ vāyor iva suduṣkaraṃ manye | na hi vāyor muṣṭinā dhartuṃ śakyate atas tatropāyaṃ brūhīti ||34||
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BhG 6.35
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
asaṃśayaṃ mahābāho mano durṇigrahaṃ calam |
abhyāsena tu kaunteya vairāgyeṇa ca gṛhyate ||35||
śrīdharaḥ : tad uktaṃ cañcalatvādikam aṅgīkṛtyaiva mano-nigrahopāyaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca asaṃśayam iti | cañcalatvādinā mano niroddhum aśakyam iti yad vadasi etan niḥsaṃśayam eva | tathāpi tv abhyāsena paramātmākāra-pratyayā vṛttyā viṣaya-vaitṛṣṇyena ca gṛhyate | abhyāsena laya-pratibandhād vairāgyeṇa ca vikṣepa-pratibandhād uparata-vṛttikaṃ sat paramātmākāreṇa tiṣṭhatīty arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ yoga-śāstre -
manaso vṛtti-śūnyasya brahmākāratayā sthitiḥ |
yāsamprajñāta-nāmāsau samādhir abhidhīyate || iti ||35||
madhusūdanaḥ : tam imam ākṣepaṃ pariharan śrī-bhagavān uvāca asaṃśayam iti | samyag viditaṃ te citta-ceṣṭitaṃ mano nigrahītuṃ śakṣyasīti santoṣeṇa sambodhayati he mahābāho mahāntau sākṣān mahādevenāpi saha kṛta-praharaṇau bāhū yasyeti niratiśayam utkarṣaṃ sūcayati | prārabdha-karma-prābalyād asaṃyatātmanā durnigrahaṃ duḥkhenāpi nigrahītum aśakyam | pramāthi balavad dṛḍham iti viśeṣaṇa-trayaṃ piṇḍīkṛtyaitad uktam | calaṃ svabhāva-cañcalaṃ mana ity asaṃśayaṃ nāsty eva saṃśayo 'tra satyam evaitad bravīṣīty arthaḥ | evaṃ saty api saṃyatātmanā samādhi-mātropāyena yoginābhyāsena vairāgyeṇa ca gṛhyate nigṛhyate sarva-vṛtti-śūnyaṃ kriyate tan mana ity arthaḥ | anigrahītur asaṃyatātmanaḥ sakāśāt saṃyatātmano nigrahītur viśeṣa-dyotanāya
tu-śabdaḥ | mano-nigrahe 'bhyāsa-vairāgyayoḥ samuccaya-bodhanāya ca-śabdaḥ | he kaunteyeti pitṛ-ṣvasṛ-putras tvam avaśyaṃ mayā sukhī kartavya iti sneha-sambandha-sūcanenāśvāsayati | atra prathamārdhena cittasya haṭha-nigraho na sambhavatīti dvitīyārdhena tu krama-nigrahaḥ sambhavatīty uktam |
dvividho hi manaso nigrahaḥ | haṭhena krameṇa ca | tatra cakṣuḥ-śrotrādīni jñānendriyāṇi vāk-pāṇy-ādīni karmendriyāṇi ca tad-golaka-mātroparodhena haṭhān nigṛhyante | tad-dṛṣṭāntena mano 'pi haṭhena nigrahīṣyāmīti mūḍhasya bhrāntir bhavati | na ca tathā nigrahītuṃ śakyate tad-golakasya hṛdaya-kamalasya niroddhum aśakyatvāt | ataeva ca krama-nigraha eva yuktas tad etad bhagavān vasiṣṭha āha -
upaviśyopaviśyaiva cittajñena muhur muhuḥ |
na śakyate mano jetuṃ vinā yuktim aninditām ||
aṅkuśena vinā matto yathā duṣṭa-mataṅgajaḥ |
adhyātma-vidyādhigamaḥ sādhu-saṅgama eva ca ||
vāsanā-samparityāgaḥ prāṇa-spanda-nirodhanam |
etās tā yuktayaḥ puṣṭāḥ santi citta-jaye kila ||
satīṣu yuktiṣv etāsu haṭhān niyamayanti ye |
cetas te dīpam utsṛjya vinighnanti tamo 'ñjanaiḥ || iti |
krama-nigrahe cādhyātma-vidyādhigama eka upāyaḥ | sā hi dṛśyasya mithyātvaṃ dṛg-vastunaś ca paramārtha-satya-paramānanda-svaprakāśatavaṃ bodhayati | tathā ca saty etan manaḥ sva-gocareṣu buddhvā nirindhanāgnivat svayam evopaśāmyati | yas tu bodhitam api tattvaṃ na samyag budhyate yo vā vismarati tayoḥ sādhu-saṅgama evopāyaḥ | sādhavo hi punaḥ punar bodhayanti smārayanti ca | yas tu vidyā-madādi-durvāsanayā pīḍyamāno na sādhūn anuvartitum utsahate tasya pūrvokta-vivekena vāsanā-parityāga evopāyaḥ | yas tu vāsanānām atiprābalyāt tās tyaktuṃ na śaknoti tasya prāṇa-spanda-nirodha eva upāyaḥ | prāṇa-spanda-vāsanayoś citta-prerakatvāt tayor nirodhe citta-śāntir upapadyate | tad etad āha sa eva -
dve bīje citta-vṛkṣasya prāṇa-spandana-vāsane |
ekasmiṃś ca tayoḥ kṣīṇe kṣipraṃ dve api naśyataḥ ||
prāṇāyāma-dṛḍhābhyāsair yuktyā ca guru-dattayā |
āsanāśana-yogena prāṇa-spando nirudhyate ||
asaṅga-vyavahāritvād bhava-bhāvana-varjanāt |
śarīra-nāśa-darśitvād vāsanā na pravartate ||
vāsanā-samparityāgāc cittaṃ gacchaty acittatām |
prāṇa-spanda-nirodhāc ca yathecchasi tathā kuru ||
etāvan mātrakaṃ manye rūpaṃ cittasya rāghava |
yad bhāvanaṃ vastuno 'ntarvastutvena rasena ca ||
yadā na bhāvyate kiṃcid dheyopādeya-rūpi yat |
sthīyate sakalaṃ tyaktvā tadā cittaṃ na jāyate ||
avāsanatvāt satataṃ yadā na manute manaḥ |
amanastā tadodeti paramātma-pada-pradā || iti |
atra dvāv evopāyau paryavasitau prāṇa-spanda-nirodhārtham abhyāsaḥ | vāsanā-parityāgārthaṃ ca vairāgyam iti | sādhu-saṅgamādhyātma-vidyādhigamau tv abhyāsa-vairāgyopapādakatayānyathā-siddhau tayor evāntarbhavataḥ | ata eva bhagavatābhyāsena vairāgyeṇa ceti dvayam evoktam | ataeva bhagavān patañjalir asūtrayat abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ tan-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.12] iti | tāsāṃ prāg-uktānāṃ pramāṇa-viparyaya-vikalpa-nidrā-smṛti-rūpeṇa pañca-vidhānām anantānām āsuratvena kliṣṭānāṃ daivatvenākliṣṭānām api vṛttīnāṃ sarvāssām api nirodho nirindhanāgnivad upaśamākhyaḥ pariṇāmo 'bhyāsena vairāgyeṇa ca samuccitena bhavati | tad uktaṃ yoga-bhāṣye - citta-nadī nāmobhayato-vāhinī vahati kalyāṇāya vahati pāpāya ca | tatra yā kaivalya-prāg-bhārā viveka-nimnā sā kalyāṇa-vahā
| yā tv aviveka-nimnā saṃsāra-prāg-bhārā sā pāpa-vahā | tatra vairāgyeṇa viṣaya-srotaḥ khilīkriyate | viveka-darśanābhyāsena ca kalyāṇa-srota udghāṭyate ity ubhayādhīnaś citta-vṛtti-nirodha iti | prāg-bhāra-nimna-pade tadā viveka-nimnaṃ kaivalya-prāg-bhāraṃ cittam ity atra vyākhyāyate | yathā tīvra-vegopetaṃ nadī-pravāhaṃ setu-bandhanena nivārya kulyā-praṇayena kṣetrābhimukhaṃ tiryak-pravāhāntaram utpādyate tathā vairāgyeṇa citta-nadyā viṣaya-pravāhaṃ nivārya samādhy-abhyāsena praśānta-vāhitā sampādyata iti dvāra-bhedāt samuccaya eva | eka-dvāratve hi brīhi-yava-dvi-kalpaḥ syād iti |
mantra-japa-devatā-dhyānādīnāṃ kriyā-rūpāṇām āvṛtti-lakṣaṇo 'bhyāsaḥ sambhavāt | sarva-vyāpāroparamasya tu samādheḥ ko nāmābhyāsa iti śaṅkāṃ nivārayitum abhyāsaṃ sūtrayati sma tatra sthitau yatno 'bhyāsaḥ [YogaS 1.13] iti | tatra svarūpāvasthite draṣṭari śuddhe cid-ātmani cittasyāvṛttikasya praśānta-vāhitā-rūpā niścalatāsthitis tad-arthaṃ yatno mānasa utsāhaḥ svabhāva-cāñcalyād bahiṣpravāha-śīlaṃ cittaṃ sarvathā nirotsyāmīty evaṃ vidhaḥ | sa āvartyamāno 'bhyāsa ucyate | sa tu dīrgha-kāla-nairantarya-satkārāsevito dṛḍha-bhūmiḥ [YogaS 1.14] anirvedena dīrgha-kāla-sevito vicchedābhāvena nirantarāsevitaḥ sat-kāreṇa śraddhātiśayena cāsevitaḥ | so 'bhyāso dṛḍha-bhūmir viṣaya-sukha-vāsanayā cālayitum aśakyo bhavati | adīrgha-kālatve dīrghakālatve 'pi vicchidya
vicchidya sevane śraddhātiśayābhāve ca laya-vikṣepa-kaṣāya-sukhāsvādānām aparihāre vyutthāna-saṃskāra-prābalyād adṛḍha-bhūmir abhyāsaḥ phalāya na syād iti trayam upāttam |
vairāgyaṃ tu dvividham aparaṃ paraṃ ca | yatmāna-saṃjñā-vyatireka-saṃjñaikendriya-saṃjñā-vaśīkāra-saṃjñā-bhedair aparaṃ caturdhā | tatra pūrva-bhūmi-jayenottara-bhūmi-sampādana-vivakṣayā caturtham evāsūtrayat -- dṛṣṭānuśravika-viṣaya-vitṛṣṇasya vaśīkāra-saṃjñā vairāgyam [YogaS 1.15] iti | striyo 'nnaṃ pānam aiśvaryam ity ādayo dṛṣṭā viṣayāḥ | svargo videhatā prakṛti-laya ity ādayo vaidikatvenānuśravikā viṣayās teṣūbhaya-vidheṣv api satyām eva tṛṣṇāyāṃ viveka-tāratamyena yatamānādi-trayaṃ bhavati | atra jagati kiṃ sāraṃ kim asāram iti guru-śāstrābhyāṃ jñāsāmīty udyogo yatamānam | sva-citte pūrva-vidyamāna-doṣāṇāṃ madhye 'bhyasyamāna-vivekenaite pakvā ete 'vaśiṣṭā iti cikitsakavad vivecanaṃ vyatirekaḥ | dṛṣṭānuśravika-viṣaya-pravṛtter
duḥkhātmatva-bodhena bhair indriya-pravṛttim ajanayantyā api tṛṣṇāyā autsukya-mātreṇa manasy avasthānam ekendriyam | manasy api tṛṣṇā-śūnyatvena sarvathā vaitṛṣṇyaṃ tṛṣṇā-virodhinī citta-vṛttir jñāna-prasāda-rūpā vaśīkāra-saṃjñā vairāgyaṃ samprajñātasya samādher antaraṅgaṃ sādhanam asaṃprajñātasya tu bahiraṅgam | tasya tv antaraṅga-sādhanaṃ param evaṃ vairāgyam | tac cāsūtrayat -- tat-paraṃ puruṣa-khyāter guṇa-vaitṛṣṇyam [YogaS 1.16] iti | samprajñāta-samādhi-pāṭavena guṇa-trayātmakāt pradhānād viviktasya puruṣasya khyātiḥ sākṣātkāra utpadyate | tataś cāśeṣa-guṇa-traya-vyavahāreṣu vaitṛṣṇyaṃ yad bhavati tat-paraṃ śreṣṭhaṃ phala-bhūtaṃ vairāgyam | tat-paripāka-nimittāc ca cittopaśama-paripākād avilambena kaivalyam iti ||35||
viśvanāthaḥ : uktam artham aṅgīkṛtya samadadhāti aśaṃśayam iti | tvayoktaṃ satyam eva, kintu balavān api rogas tat-praśamakauṣadha-sevayā sad-vaidya-prayukta-prakārayā muhur abhyastayā yathā cira-kālena śāmyaty eva, tathā durnigraham api mano 'bhyāsena sad-gurūpadiṣṭa-prakāreṇa parameśvara-dhyāna-yogasya muhur anuśīlanena vairāgyeṇa viṣayeṣv anāsaṅgena ca gṛhyate sva-hasta-vaśīkartuṃ śakyata ity arthaḥ | tathā ca pātañjala-sūtram - abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ tan-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.12] iti | mahābāho iti saṅgrāme tvayā yan mahāvīrā api vijīyante, sa ca pināka-pāṇir api vaśīkṛtas tenāpi kim ? yadi mahā-vīra-śiro-maṇir mano nāmā prādhāniko bhaṭo mahā-yogāstra-prayogeṇa jetuṃ śakyate, tadaiva mahā-bāhuteti bhāvaḥ | he kaunteyeti tatra tvaṃ mā bhaiṣīḥ | mat-pituḥ svasuḥ
kuntyāḥ putre tvayi mayā sāhāyyaṃ vidheyam iti bhāvaḥ ||35||
baladevaḥ : uktam artham svīkṛtya bhagavān uvāca aśaṃśayam iti | tathāpi sva-prakāśa-sukhaikatānatvātma-guṇābhimukhyābhyāsenātma-vyatirikteṣu viṣayeṣu doṣa-dṛṣṭi-janitena vairāgyeṇa ca mano nigrahītuṃ śakyate | tathā cātmānandāsvādhābhyāsena laya-pratibandhād viṣaya-vaitṛṣṇyena ca vikṣepa-pratibandhān nivṛtta-cāpalyaṃ manaḥ sugrahaṃ yathā sad-auṣadha-sevayā sad-vaidya-prayukta-prakārayā muhur abhyastayā yathā cira-kālena śāmyaty eva, tathā durnigraham api mano 'bhyāsena sad-gurūpadiṣṭa-prakāreṇa parameśvara-dhyāna-yogasya muhur anuśīlanena vairāgyeṇa viṣayeṣv anāsaṅgena ca gṛhyate sva-hasta-vaśīkartuṃ śakyata ity arthaḥ | tathā ca pātañjala-sūtram - abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ tan-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.12] iti | mahābāho iti saṅgrāme tvayā yan mahāvīrā
api vijīyante, sa ca pināka-pāṇir api vaśīkṛtas tenāpi kim ? yadi mahā-vīra-śiro-maṇir mano nāmā prādhāniko bhaṭo mahā-yogāstra-prayogeṇa jetuṃ śakyate, tadaiva mahā-bāhuteti bhāvaḥ | he kaunteyeti tatra tvaṃ mā bhaiṣīḥ | mat-pituḥ svasuḥ kuntyāḥ putre tvayi mayā sāhāyyaṃ vidheyam iti bhāvaḥ ||35||
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BhG 6.36
asaṃyatātmanā yogo duṣprāpa iti me matiḥ |
vaśyātmanā tu yatatā śakyo 'vāptum upāyataḥ ||36||
śrīdharaḥ : etāvāṃs tv iha niścaya ity āha asaṃyateti | ukta-prakāreṇābhyāsa-vairāgyābhyām asaṃyata ātmā cittaṃ yasya tena yogo duṣprāpa prāptum aśakyaḥ | abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ vaśyo vaśavartī ātmā cittaṃ yasya tena puruṣeṇa punaś cānenaivopāyena prayatnaṃ kurvatā yogaḥ prāptuṃ śakyaḥ ||36||
madhusūdanaḥ : yat tu tvam avocaḥ prārabdha-bhogena karmaṇā tattva-jñānād api prabalena sva-phala-dānāya manaso vṛttiṣūtpādyamānāsu kathaṃ tāsāṃ nirodhaḥ kartuṃ śakyaṃ iti tatrocyate asaṃśayātmaneti | HERE
tathā cāha bhagavān vasiṣṭhaḥ -
sarvam eveha hi sadā saṃsāre raghunandana |
samyak prayuktāt sarveṇa pauruṣāt samavāpyate ||
ucchāstraṃ śāstritaṃ ceti pauruṣaṃ dvividhaṃ smṛtam |
tatrocchāstram anarthāya paramārthāya śāstritam ||
ucchāstraṃ śāstra-pratiṣiddham anarthāya narakāya | śāstritaṃ śāstra-vihitam antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-dvārā paramārthāya caturṣv artheṣu paramāya mokṣāya |
śubhāśubhābhyāṃ mārgābhyāṃ vahantī vāsanā sarit |
pauruṣeṇa prayatnena yojanīyā śubhe pathi ||
aśubheṣu samāviṣṭaṃ śubheṣv evāvatāraya |
sva-manaḥ puruṣārthena balena balināṃ vara ||
drāg-abhyāsa-vaśād yāti yadā te vāsanodayam |
tadābhyāsasya sāphalyaṃ viddhi tvam ari-mardana ||
vāsanā śubhedti śeṣaḥ |
sandigdhāyām api bhṛśaṃ śubhām eva samāhara |
śubhāyāṃ vāsanā-vṛddhau tāta doṣo na kaścana ||
avyutpanna-manā yāvad bhavān ajñāta-tatpadaḥ |
guru-śāstra-pramāṇais tvaṃ nirṇītaṃ tāvad ācara ||
tataḥ pakva-kaṣāyeṇa nūnaṃ vijñāta-vastunā |
śubho 'py asau tvayā tyājyo vāsanaugho nirodhinā || iti |
tasmāt sākṣi-gatasya saṃsārasyāviveka-nibandhanasya viveka-sākṣātkārād apanaye 'pi prārabdha-karma-paryavasthāpitasya cittasya svābhāvikīnām api vṛttīnāṃ yogābhyāsa-prayatnenāpanaye sati jīvanmuktaḥ paramo yogī | citta-vṛtti-nirodhābhāve tu tattva-jñānavān apy aparamo yogīti siddham | avaśiṣṭaṃ jīvanmukti-viveke sa-vistaram anusandheyam ||36||
viśvanāthaḥ : atrāyaṃ parāmarśa ity ata āha saṃyatātmanābhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ na saṃyataṃ mano yasya tena | tābhyāṃ tu vaśyātmanā vaśībhūta-manasāpi puṃsā yatatā ciraṃ yatnavataiva yogo mano-nirodha-lakṣaṇaḥ samādhir upāyataḥ sādhana-bhūyastvāt prāptuṃ śakyaḥ ||36||
baladevaḥ : asaṃyateti | uktābhyām abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ na saṃyata ātmā mano yasya tena vijñenāpi puṃsā citta-vṛtti-nirodha-lakṣaṇo yogo duṣprāpaḥ prāptum aśakyaḥ | tābhyāṃ vaśyo 'dhīna ātmā mano yasya tena puṃsā, tathāpi yatatā tādṛśa-prayatnavatā sa yogaḥ prāptuṃ śakyaḥ | upāyato mad-ārādhana-lakṣaṇāj jñānākārān niṣkāma-karma-yogāc ceti me matiḥ ||36||
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BhG 6.37
arjuna uvāca
ayatiḥ śraddhayopeto yogāc calita-mānasaḥ |
aprāpya yoga-saṃsiddhiṃ kāṃ gatiṃ kṛṣṇa gacchati ||37||
śrīdharaḥ : abhyāsa-vairāgyābhāvena kathañcid aprāpta-samyag-jñānaḥ kiṃ phalaṃ prāpnotīty arjuna uvāca ayatir it | prathamaṃ śraddhayopeta eva yoge pravṛttaḥ, na tu mithyācāratayā | tataḥ paraṃ tv ayatiḥ samyaṅ na yatate | śithilābhyāsa ity arthaḥ | evam abhyāsa-vairāgya-śaithilyād yogasya saṃsiddhiṃ phalaṃ jñānam aprāpya kāṃ gatiṃ prāpnoti ? ||37||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ prāktanena granthenotpanna-tattva-jñāno 'nutpanna-jīvan-mukti-paramo yogī mataḥ | utpanna-tattva-jñāna utpanna-jīvan-muktis tu paramo yogī mata ity uktam | tayor ubhayor api jñānād jñāna-nāśe 'pi yāvat prārabdha-bhogaṃ karma dehendriya-saṅghātāvasthānāt prārabdha-bhoga-karmāpāye ca vartamāna-dehendriya-saṅghātāpāyāt punar-utpādakābhāvād videha-kaivalyaṃ prati kāpi nāsty āśaṅkā | yas tu prāk-kṛta-karmabhir labdha-vividiṣā-paryanta-citta-śuddhiḥ kṛta-kāryatvāt sarvāṇi karmāṇi parityajya prāpta-paramahaṃsa-parivrājaka-bhāvaḥ paramahaṃsa-parivrājakam ātma-sākṣātkāreṇa jīvan-muktaṃ para-prabodhana-dakṣaṃ gurum upasṛtya tato vedānta-mahā-vākyopadeśaṃ prāpya tatrāsambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanākhya-pratibandha-nirāsāya athāto brahma-jijñāsā
[Vs 1.1.1] ity ādy anāvṛttiḥ śabdāt [Vs 4.4.23] ity antayā catur-lakṣaṇa-mīmāṃsayā śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsanāni guru-prasādāt kartum ārabhate sa śraddadhāno 'pi sann āyuṣo 'lpatvenālpa-prayatnatvād alabdha-jñāna-paripākaḥ śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsaneṣu kriyamāṇeṣv eva madhye vyāpadyate | sa jñāna-paripāka-śūnyatvenānaṣṭājñāno na mucyate | nāpy upāsanā-sahita-karma-phalaṃ devalokam anubhavaty arcir-ādi-mārgeṇa | nāpi kevala-karma-phalaṃ pitṛ-lokam anubhavati dhūmādi-mārgeṇa | karmaṇām upāsanānāṃ ca tyaktatvāt | ata etādṛśo yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ kīṭādi-bhāvena kaṣṭāṃ gatim iyād ajñatve sati deva-yāna-pitṛ-yāna-mārgāsambandhitvād varṇāśramācāra-bhraṣṭavad athavā kaṣṭāṃ gatiṃ neyāt | śāstra-ninidta-karma-śūnyatvād vāmadevavad iti saṃśaya-paryākula-manā
arjuna uvāca ayatir iti |
yatir yatna-śīlaḥ alpārthe nañ alavaṇā yavāgūr ity-ādivat | ayatir alpa-yatnaḥ | śraddhayā guru-vedānta-vākyeṣu viśvāsa-buddhi-rūpayopeto yuktaḥ | śraddhā ca sva-sahacaritānāṃ śamādīnām upalakṣaṇaṃ śānto dānta uparatas titikṣuḥ śraddhānvito bhūtvātmany evātmānaṃ paśyati iti śruteḥ | tena nityānitya-vastu-viveka ihāmutra-bhoga-virāgaḥ śama-damoparati-titikṣā-śraddhādi-sampan-mumukṣutā ceti sādhana-catuṣṭaya-sampanno gurum upasṛtya vedānta-vākya-śravaṇādi kurvann api paramāyuṣo 'lpatvena maraṇa-kāle cendriyāṇāṃ vyākulatvena sādhanānuṣṭhānāsambhavād yogāc calita-mānaso yogāc chravaṇādi-paripāka-labdha-janmanas tattva-sākṣātkārāc calitaṃ tat-phalam aprāptaṃ mānasaṃ yasya sa yogāniṣpattyaivāprāpya yoga-saṃsiddhiṃ tattva-jñāna-nimittām
ajñāna-tat-kārya-nivṛttim apunar-āvṛtti-sahitām aprāpyātattva-jña eva mṛtaḥ san kāṃ gatiṃ he kṛṣṇa gacchati sugatiṃ durgatiṃ vā ? karmaṇāṃ parityāgāj jñānasya cānutpatteḥ śāstrokta-mokṣa-sādhanānuṣṭhāyitvāc chāstra-garhita-karma-śūnyatvāc ca ||37||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanv abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ prayatnavataiva puṃsā yogo labhyata iti tvayocyate | yasyaitat tritayam api na dṛśyate, tasya kā gatir iti pṛcchati | ayatir alpa-yatnaḥ anavarṇāya vāgur itivad alpārthe nañ | atha ca śraddhayopeto yoga-śāstrāstikyena tatra śraddhayopeto yogābhyāsa pravṛtta eva, na tu loka-vañcakatvena mithyācāraḥ | kintv abhyāsa-vairāgyayor abhāvena yogāc calitaṃ viṣaya-pravaṇī-bhūtaṃ mānasaṃ yasya saḥ | ataeva yogasya saṃsiddhiṃ samyak siddhim aprāpyeti yat kiñcit siddhiṃ tu prāpta eveti yogārurukṣā-bhūmikāto 'grimāṃ yogāroha-bhūmikāyāḥ prathamāṃ kakṣāṃ gata iti bhāvaḥ ||37||
baladevaḥ : jñāna-garbho niṣkāma-karma-yogo 'ṣṭāṅga-yoga-śirasko nikhilopasarga-vimardanaḥ sva-paramātmāvalokanopāyo bhavatīty asakṛd uktam | tasya ca tādṛśasya nehābhikrama-nāśo 'stīti pūrvokta-mahimnas tan-mahimānaṃ śrotum arjunaḥ pṛcchati ayatir iti | abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ prayatnena ca yogaṃ pumān labhetaiva | yas tu prathamaṃ śraddhayā tādṛśa-yoga-nirūpaka-śruti-viśvāsenopetaḥ | kintv ayatir alpa-svadharmānuṣṭhāna-yatnavān anudārā yuvatiḥ itivad alpārthe 'tra nañ | śithila-prayatnatvād eva yogād aṣṭāṅgāc calitaṃ viṣaya-pravaṇaṃ mānasaṃ yasya saḥ | evaṃ ca svadharmānuṣṭhānābhyāsa-vairāgya-śaithilyād vividhasya yogasya samyak siddhiṃ hṛd-viśuddh-lakṣaṇām ātmāvalokana-lakṣaṇāṃ cāprāptaḥ kiṃcit siddhiṃ tu prāpta eva | śraddhāluḥ
kiṃcid anuṣṭhita-svadharmaḥ prārabdha-yogo 'prāpta-yoga-phalo dehānte kāṃ gatiṃ gacchati ? he kṛṣṇa ||37||
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BhG 6.38
kaccin nobhaya-vibhraṣṭaś chinnābhram iva naśyati |
apratiṣṭho mahābāho vimūḍho brahmaṇaḥ pathi ||38||
śrīdharaḥ : praśnābhiprāyaṃ vivṛṇoti kaccid iti | karmaṇām īśvare 'rpitatvād ananuṣṭhānāc ca tāvat karma-phalaṃ svargādikaṃ na prāpnoti | yogāniṣpatteś ca mokṣaṃ na prāpnoti | evam ubhayasmād bhraṣṭo 'pratiṣṭho nirāśrayaḥ | ataeva brahmaṇaḥ prāpty-upāye pathi mārge vimūḍhaḥ san kaccit kiṃ naśyati ? kiṃ vā na naśyatīty arthaḥ | nāśe dṛṣṭāntaḥ - yathā cchinnam abhraṃ pūrvasmād abhrād viśliṣṭam abhrāntaraṃ cāprāptaṃ san madhya eva vilīyate tadvad ity arthaḥ ||38||
madhusūdanaḥ : etad eva saṃśaya-bījaṃ vivṛṇoti kaccid iti | kaccid iti sābhilāṣa-praśne | he mahābāho mahāntaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhaktānāṃ sarvopadrava-nivāraṇa-samarthāḥ puruṣārtah-catuṣṭaya-dāna-samarthā vā catvāro bāhavo yasyeti praśna-nimitta-krodhābhāvas tad-uttara-dāna-sahiṣṇutvaṃ ca sūcitam | brahmaṇaḥ pathi brahma-prāpti-mārge jñāne vimūḍho vicittaḥ, anutpanna-brahmātmaikya-sākṣātkāra iti yāvat | apratiṣṭho deva-yāna-pitṛ-yāna-mārga-gamana-hetubhyām upāsanā-karmabhyāṃ pratiṣṭhābhyāṃ sādhanābhyāṃ rahitaḥ sopāsanānāṃ sarveṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ parityāgāt | etādṛśa ubhaya-vibhraṣṭaḥ karma-mārgāj jñāna-mārgāc ca vibhraṣṭaś chinnābhram iva vāyunā chinnaṃ viśakalitaṃ pūrvasmān meghād bhraṣṭam uttaraṃ megham aprāptam
abhraṃ yathā vṛṣṭy-ayogyaṃ sad-antarāla eva naśyati tathā yoga-bhraṣṭo 'pi pūrvasmāt karma-mārgād vicchinna uttaraṃ ca jñāna-mārgam aprāpto 'ntarāla eva naśyati karma-phalaṃ jñāna-phalaṃ ca labdhum ayogyo na kim iti praśnārthaḥ | etena jñāna-karma-samuccayo nirākṛtaḥ | etasmin hi pakṣe jñāna-phala-lābhe 'pi karma-phala-lābha-sambhavenobhaya-vibhraṣṭatvāsambhavāt | na ca tasya karma-sambhave 'pi phala-kāmanā-tyāgāt phala-bhraṃśa-vacanam avakalpata iti vācyaṃ niṣkāmānām api karmaṇāṃ phala-sad-bhāvasyāpastamba-vacanāndy-udāharaṇena bahuśaḥ pratipāditatvāt | tasmāt sarva-karma-tyāginaṃ praty evāyaṃ praśnaḥ | anartha-prāpti-śaṅkāyās tatraiva sambhavāt ||38||
viśvanāthaḥ : kaccid iti praśne | ubhaya-vibhraṣṭaḥ karma-mārgāc cyuto yoga-mārgaṃ ca samyag aprāpta ity arthaḥ | chinnābhram iveti yathā chinnam abhraṃ meghaḥ pūrvasmād abhrād viśliṣṭam abhrāntaraṃ cāprāptaṃ sat madhye vilīyate tenāsya iha loke yoga-mārge praveśād viṣaya-bhoga-tyāgecchā samyag-vairāgyābhāvād viṣaya-bhogecchā ceti kaṣṭam | para-loke ca svarga-sādhanasya karmaṇo 'bhāvāt | mokṣa-sādhanasya yogasyāpy aparipākān na svarga-mokṣāv ity ubhaya-loka evāsya vināśa iti dyotitam | ato brahma-prāpty-upāye pathi mārge vimūḍho 'yam apratiṣṭhaḥ pratiṣṭhām āspadam aprāptaḥ san kaccit kiṃ naśyati na naśyati tvaṃ pṛcchyase ||38||
baladevaḥ : praśnāśayaṃ viśadayati kaccid iti praśne | niṣkāmatayā karmaṇo 'nuṣṭhānān na svargādi-phalaṃ yogāsiddher nātmāvalokanaṃ ca tasyābhūt | evam ubhayasmād vibhraṣṭo 'pratiṣṭho nirālambaḥ san kiṃ naśyati kiṃ vā na naśyati ? ity arthaḥ | chinnābhram iveti abhraṃ megho yathā pūrvasmād abhrād vicchinnaṃ param abhraṃ cāprāptam antarāle vilīyate, tadvad eveti nāśe dṛṣṭāntaḥ | katham evaṃ śaṅkā ? tatrāha - brahmaṇaḥ pathi prāpty-upāye yad asau vimūḍhaḥ ||38||
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BhG 6.39
etan me saṃśayaṃ kṛṣṇa chettum arhasy aśeṣataḥ |
tvad-anyaḥ saṃśayasyāsya chettā na hy upapadyate ||39||
śrīdharaḥ : tvayaiva sarvajñenāyaṃ mama sandeho nirasanīyaḥ | tvatto 'nyas tv etat sandeha-nivartako nāsti ity āha etad iti etad enam | chettvā nivartakaḥ spaṣṭam anyat ||39||
madhusūdanaḥ : yathopadarśita-saṃśayāpākaraṇāya bhagavantam antaryāmiṇam arthayate pārthaḥ etan ma iti | etad evaṃ pūrvopadarśitaṃ me mama saṃśayaṃ he kṛṣṇa cchettum apanetum arhasy aśeṣataḥ saṃśaya-mūlādharmādy-ucchedena | mad-anyaḥ kaścid ṛṣir vā devo vā tvadīyam imaṃ saṃśayam ucchetsyatīty āśaṅkyāha tvad-anya iti | tvat parameśvarāt sarvajñāc chāstra-kṛtaḥ parama-guroḥ kāruṇikād anyo 'nīśvaratvena asarvajñaḥ kaścid ṛṣir vā devo vāsya yoga-bhraṣṭa-para-loka-gati-viṣayasya saṃśayasya cchettā samyag-uttara-dānena nāśayitā hi yasmā̆n nopapadyate na sambhavati tasmāt tvam eva pratyakṣa-darśī sarvasya parama-guruḥ saṃśayam etaṃ mama cchettum arhasīty arthaḥ ||39||
viśvanāthaḥ : etad etam ||39||
baladevaḥ : etad iti klībtvam ārṣam | tvad iti sarveśvarāt sarvajñatvatto 'nyo 'nīśvaro 'lpajñaḥ kaścid ṛṣiḥ ||39||
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BhG 6.40
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
pārtha naiveha nāmutra vināśas tasya vidyate |
na hi kalyāṇa-kṛt kaścid durgatiṃ tāta gacchati ||40||
śrīdharaḥ : tatrottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca pārtheti sārdhaiś caturbhiḥ | iha-loke nāśa ubhaya-bhraṣṭāt pātityam | amutra para-loke nāśo naraka-prāptiḥ | tad ubhayaṃ tasya nāsty eva | yataḥ kalyāṇa-kṛc cubha-kārī kaścid api durgatiṃ na gacchati | ayaṃ ca śubhakārī śraddayā yoge pravṛttatvāt | tāteti loka-rītyopalālayan sambodhayati ||40||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam arjunasya yoginaṃ prati nāśāśaṅkāṃ pariharann uttaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca pārtheti | ubhaya-vibhraṣṭo yogī naśyatīti ko 'rthaḥ | kim iha loke śiṣṭa-garhaṇīyo bhavati veda-vihita-karma-tyāgāt | yathā kaścid ucchṛṅkhalaḥ | kiṃ vā paratra nikṛṣṭāṃ gatiṃ prāpnoti | yathoktaṃ śrutyā - athaitayoḥ pathor na katareṇacana te kīṭāḥ pataṅgā yadi dandaśūkam iti | tathā coktaṃ manunā -- vāntāśy ulkā-mukhaḥ preto vipro dharmāt svakāc cyutaḥ [Manu 12.71] ity ādi | tad ubhayam api nety āha he pārtha pārtha naiveha nāmutra vināśas tasya yathā-śāstraṃ kṛta-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsasya sarvato viraktasya gurum upasṛtya vedānta-śravaṇādi kurvato 'ntarāle mṛtasya yoga-bhraṣṭasya vidyate |
ubhayatrāpi tasya vināśo nāstīty atra hetum āha hi yasmāt kalyāṇa-kṛc chāstra-vihita-kārī kaścid api durgatim ihākīrtiṃ paratra ca kīṭādi-rūpatāṃ na gacchati | ayaṃ tu sarvotkṛṣṭa eva san durgatiṃ na gacchatīti kim u vaktavyam ity arthaḥ | tanoty ātmānaṃ putra-rūpeṇeti pitā tata ucyate | svārthike 'ṇi tata eva tāto rākṣasa-vāyasādivat | pitaiva ca putra-rūpeṇa bhajatīti putra-sthānīyasya śiṣyasya tāteti sambodhanaṃ kṛpātiśaya-sūcanārtham | yad uktaṃ yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ kaṣṭāṃ gatiṃ gacchati ajñatve sati deva-yāna-pitṛ-yāna-mārgānyatarāsambandhitvāt svadharma-bhraṣṭavad iti | tad ayuktam | etasya devayāna-mārga-sambandhitvena hetor asiddhatvāt | pañcāgni-vidyāyāṃ ya itthaṃ vidur ye cāmī araṇye śraddhāṃ satyam upāsate te 'rcir abhisambhavantīty aviśeṣeṇa pañcāgni-vidām ivātaskratūnāṃ
śraddhā-satyavatāṃ mumukṣūṇām api deva-yāna-mārgeṇa brahma-loka-prāpti-kathanāt | śravaṇādi-parāyaṇasya ca yoga-bhraṣṭasya śraddhānvito bhūtvety anena śraddhāyāḥ prāptatvāt | śānto dānta ity anena cānṛta-bhāṣaṇa-rūpa-vāg-vyāpāra-nirodha-rūpasya satyasya labdhatvāt | bahir indiryāṇām ucchṛṅkhala-vyāpāra-nirodho hi damaḥ | yoga-śāstre ca ahiṃsā-satyāsteya-brahmacaryāparigrahā yamāḥ [YogaS 2.30] iti yogāṅga-svenoktatvāt | yadi tu satya-śabdena brahmaivocyate tadāpi na kṣatiḥ | vedānta-śravaṇāder api satya-brahma-cintana-rūpatvāt | atat-kratutve 'pi ca pañcāgni-vidām iva brahma-loka-prāpti-sambhavāt | tathā ca smṛtiḥ saṃnyāsād brahmaṇaḥ sthānam iti | tathā prātyahika-vedānta-vākya-vicārasyāpi brahma-loka-prāpti-sādhanatvāt samuditānāṃ teṣāṃ tat-sādhanatvaṃ
kiṃ citram | ataeva sarva-sukṛta-rūpatvaṃ yogi-caritasya taittirīyā āmananti tasyaivaṃ viduṣo yajñasya ity ādinā | smaryate ca -
snātaṃ tena samasta-tīrtha-salile sarvā 'pi dattāvanir
yajñānāṃ ca kṛtaṃ sahasram akhilā devāś ca sampūjitāḥ |
saṃsārāc ca samuddhṛtāḥ sva-pitaras trailokya-pūjyo 'py asau
yasya brahma-vicāraṇe kṣaṇam api sthairyaṃ manaḥ prāpnuyāt || iti ||40||
viśvanāthaḥ : iha loke amutra para-loke 'pi kalyāṇaṃ kalyāṇa-prāpakaṃ yogaṃ karotīti saḥ ||40||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ pṛṣṭo bhagavān uvāca pārtheti | tasyokta-lakṣaṇasya yogina iha prākṛtike loke 'mutrāprākṛtike ca loke vināśaḥ svargādi-sukha-vibhraṃśa-lakṣaṇaḥ paramātmāvalokana-vibhraṃśa-lakṣaṇaś ca na vidyate na bhavati | kiṃ cottaratra tat-prāptir bhaved eve | hi yataḥ | kalyāṇa-kṛt niḥśreyasopāya-bhūta-sad-dharma-yogārambhī durgatiṃ tad-ubhayābhāva-rūpāṃ daridratāṃ na gacchati | he tātety ativātsalyāt saṃbodhanam | tenātyātmānaṃ putra-rūpeṇa iti vyutpattes | tataḥ pitā svārthike 'ṇi | tata eva tātaḥ putraṃ śiṣyaṃ cātikṛpayā jyeṣṭas tathā sambodhayati ||40||
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BhG 6.41
prāpya puṇya-kṛtāṃ lokān uṣitvā śāśvatīḥ samāḥ |
śucīnāṃ śrīmatāṃ gehe yoga-bhraṣṭo 'bhijāyate ||41||
śrīdharaḥ : tarhi kim asau prāpnotīty apekṣāyām āha prāpyeti | puṇya-kṛtāṃ puṇya-kāriṇām aśvamedhādi-yājināṃ lokān prāpya tatra śāśvatīḥ samāḥ bahūn saṃvatsarān uṣitvā vāsa-sukham anubhūya śucīnāṃ sad-ācārāṇāṃ śrīmatāṃ dhaninām | gehe sa yoga-bhraṣṭo 'bhijāyate janma prāpnoti ||41||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ yoga-bhraṣṭasya śubha-kṛttvena loka-dvaye 'pi nāśābhāve kiṃ bhavatīty ucyate prāpyeti | yoga-mārga-pravṛttaḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsī vedānta-śravaṇādi kurvann antarāle mriyamāṇaḥ kaścit pūrvopacita-bhoga-vāsanā-prādurbhāvād viṣayebhyaḥ spṛhayati | kaścit tu vairāgya-bhāvanā-dāḍhyān na spṛhayati | tayoḥ prathamaḥ prāpya puṇya-kṛtām aśvamedha-yājināṃ lokān arcir-ādi-mārgeṇa brahma-lokān | ekasminn api bhoga-bhūmi-bhedāpekṣayā bahu-vacanam | tatra coṣitvā vāsam anubhūya śāśvatīr brahma-parimāṇenākṣāyāḥ samāḥ saṃvatsarān, tad-ante śucīnāṃ śuddhānāṃ śrīmatāṃ vibhūtimatāṃ mahārāja-cakravartināṃ gehe kule bhoga-vāsanāśoṣa-sad-bhāvād ajātaśatru-janakādivad yoga-bhraṣṭo 'bhijāyate | bhoga-vāsanā-prābalyād
brahma-lokānte sarva-karma-saṃnyāsāyogyo mahārājo bhavatīty arthaḥ ||41||
viśvanāthaḥ : tarhi kāṃ gatim asau prāpnotīty ata āha prāpyeti | puṇya-kṛtām aśvamedhādi-yājināṃ lokān iti yogasya phalaṃ mokṣo bhogaś ca bhavati | tatrāpakva-yogino bhogecchāyāṃ satyāṃ yoga-bhraṃśe sati bhoga eva | paripakva-yoginas tu bhogecchāyā asambhavān mokṣa eva | kecit tu paripakva-yogino 'pi daivād bhogecchāyāṃ satyāṃ kardama-saubharyādi-dṛṣṭyā bhoagam apy āhur iti | śucīnāṃ sad-ācārāṇāṃ śrīmatāṃ dhanika-vaṇig-ādīnāṃ rājñāṃ vā ||41||
baladevaḥ : aihikīṃ sukha-sampattiṃ tāvad āha prāpyeti | yādṛśa-viṣaya-spṛhayā sva-dharme śithilo yogāc ca vicyuto 'yaṃ tādṛśān viṣayān ātmoddeśyaka-niṣkāma-svadharma-yogārambha-māhātmyena puṇya-kṛtām aśvamedhādi-yājināṃ lokān pāpya bhuṅkte tān bhuñjāno yāvatībhis tad-bhoga-tṛṣṇā-vinivṛttis tāvatīḥ śāśvatīḥ bahvīḥ samāḥ saṃvatsarāṃs teṣu lokeṣūṣitvā sthitvā tad-bhoga-vitṛṣṇas tebhyo lokebhyaḥ śucīnāṃ sad-dharma-niratānāṃ yogārhāṇāṃ śrīmatāṃ dhanināṃ gehe pūrvārabdha-yoga-māhātmyāt sa yoga-śreṣṭho 'bhijāyata ity alpa-kālārabdha-yogād bhraṣṭasya gatir iyaṃ darśitā ||41||
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BhG 6.42
atha vā yoginām eva kule bhavati dhīmatām |
etad dhi durlabhataraṃ loke janma yad īdṛśam ||42||
śrīdharaḥ : alpa-kālābhyasta-yoga-bhraṃśe gatir iyam uktā | cirābhyasta-yoga-bhraṃśe tu pakṣāntaram āha athaveti | yoga-niṣṭhānāṃ dhīmatāṃ jñāninām eva kule jāyate | na tu pūrvoktānām ārūḍha-yogānāṃ kule | etaj janma stauti īdṛśaṃ yaj janma etad dhi loke durlabhataraṃ mokṣa-hetutvāt ||42||
madhusūdanaḥ : dvitīyaṃ prati pakṣāntaram āha athaveti | śraddhā-vairāgyādi-kalyāṇa-guṇādhikye tu bhoga-vāsanā-virahāt puṇya-kṛtāṃ lokān aprāpyaiva yoginām eva daridrāṇāṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ na tu śrīmatāṃ rājñāṃ gṛhe yoga-bhraṣṭa-janma tad api durlabham aneka-sukṛta-sādhyatvān mokṣa-paryavasāyitvāc ca | yat tu śucīnāṃ daridrāṇāṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ brahma-vidyāvatāṃ kule janma | etad dhi prasiddhaṃ śukādivat | durlabhataraṃ durlabhād api durlabhaṃ loke yad īdṛśaṃ sarva-pramāda-kāraṇa-śūnyaṃ janmeti dvitīyaḥ stūyate bhoga-vāsanā-śūnyatvena sarva-karma-saṃnyāsārhatvāt ||42||
viśvanāthaḥ : alpa-kālābhyasta-yoga-bhraṃśe gatir iyam uktā | cira-kālābhyasta-yoga-bhraṃśe tu pakṣāntaram āha athaveti | yogināṃ nimi-prabhṛtīnām ity arthaḥ ||42||
baladevaḥ : cirārābdhād yogād bhraṣṭasya gatim āha athaveti | yogināṃ yogam abhyasatāṃ dhīmatāṃ yoga-deśikānāṃ kule bhavaty utpadyate | dvividhaṃ janma stauti etad iti | yogārhāṇāṃ yogam abhyasatāṃ ca kule pūrva-yoga-saṃskāra-bala-kṛtam etaj janma prākṛtānām atidurlabham ||42||
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BhG 6.43
tatra taṃ buddhi-saṃyogaṃ labhate paurvadehikam
yatate ca tato bhūyaḥ saṃsiddhau kurunandana ||43||
śrīdharaḥ : tataḥ kiṃ ? ata āha tatreti sārdhena | sa tatra dvi-prakāre 'pi janmani pūrva-dehe bhavaṃ paurvadehikam | tam eva brahma-viṣayayā buddhyā saṃyogaṃ labhate | tataś ca bhūyo 'dhikaṃ saṃsiddhau mokṣe prayatnaṃ karoti ||43||
madhusūdanaḥ : etādṛśa-janma-dvayasya durlabhatvaṃ kasmāt ? yasmāt tatra tam iti | tatra dvi-prakāre 'pi janmani pūrva-dehe bhavaṃ paurvadehikam sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-gurūpasadana-śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsanānāṃ madhye yāvat-paryantam anuṣṭhitaṃ tāvat paryantam eva taṃ brahmātmaikya-viṣayayā buddhyā saṃyogaṃ tat-sādhana-kalāpam iti yāvat | labhate prāpnoti | na kevalaṃ labhata eva kintu tatas tal-lābhānantaraṃ bhūyo 'dhikaṃ labdhāyā bhūmer agrimāṃ bhūmiṃ sampādayituṃ saṃsiddhau saṃsiddhir mokṣas tan-nimittaṃ yatate ca prayatnaṃ karoti ca | yāvan mokṣaṃ bhūmikāḥ sampādayatīty arthaḥ | he kuru-nandana tavāpi śucīnāṃ śrīmatāṃ kule yoga-bhraṣṭa-janama jātam iti pūrva-vāsanā-vaśād anāyāsenaiva jñāna-lābho bhaviṣyatīti sūcayituṃ mahā-prabhāvasya kuroḥ
kīrtanam |
ayam artho bhagavad-vaśiṣṭha-vacane vyaktaḥ | yathā śrī-rāmaḥ -
ekām atha dvitīyāṃ vā tṛtīyāṃ bhūmikām uta |
ārūḍhasya mṛtakasyātha kīdṛśī bhagavan gatiḥ ||
pūrvaṃ hi sapta bhūmayo vyākhyātāḥ | tatra nityānitya-vastu-viveka-pūrvakād ihāmutrārtha-bhoga-vairāgyāc chama-dama-śraddhā-titikṣā-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsādi-puraḥsarā mumukṣā śubhecchākhyā prathamā bhūmikā | sādhana-catuṣṭaya-sampad iti tāvat | tataḥ śravaṇa-manana-pariniṣpannasya tattva-jñānasya nirvicikitsanā-rūpā tanu-mānasā nāma tṛtīyā bhūmikā | nididhyāsana-sampad iti yāvat | caturthī bhūmikā tu tattva-sākṣātkāra eva | pañcama-ṣaṣṭha-saptama-bhūmayas tu jīvanmukter avāntara-bhedā iti tṛtīye prāg-vyākhyātam | tatra caturthīṃ bhūmiṃ prāptasya mṛtasya jīvan-mukty-abhāve 'pi videha-kaivalyaṃ prati nāsty eva saṃśayaḥ | tad-uttara-bhūmi-trayaṃ prāptas tu jīvann api muktaḥ kim u videha iti nāsty eva bhūmikā-catuṣṭaye śaṅkā | sādhana-bhūta-bhūmikā-traye
tu karma-tyāgāj jñānālābhāc ca bhavati śaṅketi tatraiva praśnaḥ |
śrī-vaśiṣṭhaḥ -
yoga-bhūmikayotkrānta-jīvitasya śarīriṇaḥ |
bhūmikāṃśānusāreṇa kṣīyate pūrva-duṣkṛtam ||
tataḥ sura-vimāneṣu loka-pāla-pureṣu ca |
merūpavana-kuñjeṣu ramate ramaṇī-sakhaḥ ||
tataḥ sukṛta-saṃbhāre duṣkṛte ca purākṛte |
bhoga-kṣayāt parikṣīṇe jāyante yogino bhuvi ||
śucīnāṃ śrīmatāṃ gehe gupte guṇavatāṃ satām |
janitvā yogam evaite sevante yoga-vāsitāḥ ||
tatra pāg-bhavanābhyastaṃ yoga-bhūmi-kramaṃ budhāḥ |
dṛṣṭvā paripatanty uccair uttaraṃ bhūmikā-kramam || iti |
atra prāg-upacita-bhoga-vāsanā-prābalyād alpa-kālābhyasta-vairāgya-vāsanā-daurbalyena prāṇotkrānti-samaye prādurbhūta-bhoga-spṛhaḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsī yaḥ sa evoktaḥ | yas tu vairāgya-vāsanā-prābalyāt prakṛṣṭa-puṇya-prakaṭita-parameśvara-prasāda-vaśena prāṇotkrānti-samaye 'nudbhūta-bhoga-spṛhaḥ saṃnyāsī bhoga-vyavadhānaṃ vinaiva brāhmaṇānām eva brahma-vidāṃ sarva-pramāda-kāraṇa-śūnye kule samutpannas tasya prāktana-saṃskārābhivyaktenāyāsenaiva sambhavān nāsti pūrvasyaiva mokṣaṃ praty āśaṅketi sa vasiṣṭhena nokto bhagavatā tu parama-kāruṇikenāthaveti pakṣāntaraṃ kṛtvokta eva | spaṣṭam anyat ||43||
viśvanāthaḥ : tatra dvividhe 'pi janmani buddhyā paramātma-niṣṭhayā saha saṃyogaṃ paurvadaihikaṃ pūrva-janma-bhavam ||43||
baladevaḥ : āmutrikīṃ sukha-sampattiṃ vaktuṃ pūrva-saṃskāra-hetukaṃ sādhanam āha tatreti | tatra dvividhe janmani paurvadaihikaṃ pūrva-dehe bhavam | buddhyā svadharma-svātma-paramātma-viṣayā saṃyogaṃ sambandhaṃ labhate | tataś ca hṛd-viśuddhi-sva-paramātmāvaloka-rūpāyāṃ saṃsiddhau nimitte svāpotthitavad bhūyo bahutaraṃ yatate | yathā punar vighna-hato na syāt ||43||
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BhG 6.44
pūrvābhyāsena tenaiva hriyate hy avaśo 'pi saḥ |
jijñāsur api yogasya śabda-brahmātivartate ||44||
śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetuḥ pūrveti | tenaiva pūrva-deha-kṛtābhyāsenāvaśo 'pi kutaścid ambharāyād anicchann api saṃhriyate viṣayebhyaḥ purāvṛtya brahma-niṣṭhaḥ kriyate | tad evaṃ pūrvābhyāsa-balena prayatnaṃ kurvan śanair mucyata itīmam arthaṃ kaimutya-nyāyena sphuṭayati jijñāsur iti sārdhena | yogasya svarūpaṃ jijñāsur eva kevalaṃ na tu prāpta-yogaḥ | evambhūto yoge praviṣṭa-mātro 'pi pāpa-vaśād yoga-bhraṣṭo 'pi śabda-brahma vedam ativartate | vedokta-karma-phalāny atikrāmati | tebhyo 'dhikaṃ phalaṃ prāpya mucyata ity arthaḥ ||44||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu yo brahma-vidāṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ sarva-pramāda-kāraṇa-śūnye kule samutpannas tasya madhye viṣaya-bhoga-vyavadhānābhāvād avyavahita-prāg-bhavīya-saṃskārodbodhāt punar api sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-pūrvako jñāna-sādhana-lābho bhavatu nāma | yas tu śrīmatāṃ mahārāja-cakravartināṃ kule bahuvidha-viṣaya-bhoga-vyavadhānenotpannas tasya viṣaya-bhoga-vāsanā-prābalyāt pramāda-kāraṇa-sambhavāc ca katham ativyavahita-jñāna-saṃskārodbodhaḥ kṣatriyatvena sarva-karma-saṃnyāsānarhasya kathaṃ vā jñāna-sādhana-lābha iti | tathocyate pūrvābhyāseneti | aticira-vyavahita-janmopacitenāpi tenaiva pūrvābhyāsena prāg-arjita-jñāna-saṃskāreṇāvaśo 'pi mokṣa-sādhanāyāprayatamāno 'pi hriyate svavaśīkriyate | akasmād eva bhoga-vāsanābhyo vyutthāpya mokṣa-sādhanonmukhaḥ
kriyate, jñāna-vāsanāyā evālpa-kālābhyastāyā api vastu-viṣayatvenāvastu-viṣayābhyo bhoga-vāsanābhyaḥ prābalyāt | paśya yathā tvam eva yuddhe pravṛtto jñānāyāpratayamāno 'pi pūrva-saṃskāra-prābalyād akasmād eva raṇa-bhūmau jñānonmukho 'bhūr iti | ataeva prāg uktaṃ nehābhikrama-nāśo 'sti [Gītā 2.40] iti | aneka-janma-sahasra-vyavahito 'pi jñāna-saṃskāraḥ sva-kāryaṃ karoty eva sarva-virodhy-upamardenety abhiprāyaḥ |
sarva-karma-saṃnyāsābhāve 'pi hi kṣatriyasya jñānādhikāraḥ sthita eva | yathā pāṭac-careṇa bahūnāṃ rakṣiṇāṃ madhye vidyamānam api aśvādi-dravyaṃ svayam anicchad api tān sarvān abhibhūya sva-sāmarthya-viśeṣād evāpahriyate | paścāt tu kadāpahṛtam iti vimarśo bhavati | evaṃ bahūnāṃ jñāna-pratibandhakānāṃ madhye vidyamāno 'pi yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ svayam anicchann api jñāna-saṃskāreṇa balavatā svasāmarthaya-viśeṣād eva sarvān pratibandhakān abhibhūyātma-vaśī kriyata iti hṛñaḥ prayogena sūcitam | ataeva saṃskāra-prābalyāj jijñāsur jñātum icchur api yogasya mokṣa-sādhana-jñānasya viṣayaṃ brahma, prathama-bhūmikāyāṃ sthitaḥ saṃnyāsīti yāvat | so 'pi tasyām eva bhūmikāyāṃ mṛto 'ntarāle bahūn viṣayān bhuktvā mahārāja-cakravartināṃ kule samutpanno
'pi yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ prāg-upacita-jñāna-saṃskāra-prābalyāt tasmin janmani śabda-brahma vedaṃ karma-pratipādakam ativartate 'tikramya tiṣṭhati karmādhikārātikrameṇa jñānādhikārī bhavatīty arthaḥ | etenāpi jñāna-karma-samuccayo nirākṛta iti draṣṭavyam | samuccaye hi jñānino 'pi karma-kāṇḍātikramābhāvāt ||44||
viśvanāthaḥ : hriyata ākṛṣyate | yogasya yogaṃ jijñāsur api bhavati | ataḥ śabda-brahma veda-śāstram ativartate vedokta-karma-mārgam atikramya vartate | kintu yoga-mārga eva tiṣṭhatīty arthaḥ ||44||
baladevaḥ : tatra hetuḥ | tenaiva yoga-viṣayakeṇa pūrvābhyāsena sa yogī hriyate ākṛṣyate avaśo 'pi kenacid vighnenānicchann apīty arthaḥ | hīti prasiddho 'yaṃ yoga-mahimā | yogasya jijñāsur api tu yogam abhyasituṃ pravṛttaḥ śabda-brahma sa-kāma-karma-nirūpakaṃ vedam ativartate | taṃ na śabda-ghātīty arthaḥ ||44||
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BhG 6.45
prayatnād yat tu yogī saṃśuddha-kilbiṣaḥ |
aneka-janma-saṃsiddhas tato yāti parāṃ gatim ||45||
śrīdharaḥ : prayatnād iti | yadaivaṃ manda-prayatno 'pi yogī parāṃ gaitṃ yāti tadā yas tu yogī prayatnād uttarottaram adhikaṃ yoge yatamāno yatnaṃ kurvan yogenaiva saṃśuddha-kilbiṣo vidhūta-pāpaḥ so 'nekeṣu janmasūcitena yogena saṃsiddhaḥ samyag jñānī bhūtvā tataḥ śreṣṭhāṃ gatiṃ yātīti kiṃ vaktavyam ity arthaḥ ||45||
madhusūdanaḥ : yadā caivaṃ prathama-bhūmikāyāṃ mṛto 'pi aneka-bhoga-vāsanā-vyavahitam api vividha-pramāda-kāraṇavati mahārāja-kule 'pi janma labdhvāpi yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ pūrvopacita-jñāna-saṃskāra-prābalyena karmādhikāram atikramya jñānādhikārī bhavati tadā kim u vaktavyaṃ dvitīyāyāṃ tṛtīyāyāṃ vā bhūmikāyāṃ mṛto viṣaya-bhogānte labdha-mahārāja-kula-janmā yadi vā bhogam akṛtvaiva labdha-brahma-vid brāhmaṇa-kula-janmā yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ karmādhikārātikrameṇa jñānādhikārī bhūtvā tat-sādhanāni sampādya tat-phala-lābhena saṃsāra-bandhanān mucyata iti | tad etad āh prayatnād iti | prayatnāt pūrva-kṛtād apy adhikam adhikaṃ yatamānaḥ prayatnātirekaṃ kurvan yogī pūrvopacita-saṃskāravāṃs tenaiva yoga-prayatna-puṇyena saṃśuddha-kilbiṣo dhauta-jñāna-pratibandhaka-pāpa-malaḥ
| ataeva saṃskāropacayāt puṇyopacayāc cānekair janmabhiḥ saṃsiddhaḥ saṃskārātirekeṇa puṇyātirekeṇa ca prāpta-carama-janmā tataḥ sādhana-paripākād yāti parāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatiṃ muktim | nāsty evātra kaścit saṃśaya ity arthaḥ ||45||
viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ yoga-bhraṃśe kāraṇaṃ yatna-śaithilyam eva ayatiḥ śraddhayopetaḥ ity uktaḥ | tasya ca yatna-śaithilyavato yoga-bhraṣṭasya janmāntare punar yoga-prāptir evoktā, na tu saṃsiddhiḥ | saṃsiddhis tu yāvadbhir janmabhis tasya yogasya paripākaḥ syāt | tāvadbhir evety avasīyate | yas tu na kadācid api yoge śaithilya-prayatnaḥ | sa na yoga-bhraṣṭa-śabda-vācyaḥ | kintu -
bahu-janma-vipakvena samyag-yoga-samādhinā |
draṣṭuṃ yatante yatayaḥ śūnyāgāreṣu yat-padam || [BhP 3.24.28]
iti kardamokteḥ so 'pi naikena janmanā sidhyatīty āha prayatnād yatamānaḥ prakṛṣṭa-yatnād api yatnavān ity arthaḥ | tu-kāraḥ pūrvoktād yoga-bhraṣṭād asya bhedaṃ bodhayati | saṃśuddha-kilbiṣaḥ samyag-paripakva-kaṣāyaḥ | so 'pi naikena janmanā sidhyatīti saḥ | parāṃ gatiṃ mokṣam ||45||
baladevaḥ : athāmutrikīṃ sukha-sampattim āha prayatnād iti | pūrva-kṛtād api prayatnād adhikam adhikaṃ yatamānaḥ pūrva-vighna-bhayāt prayatnādhikyaṃ kurvan yogī tenopacitena prayatnena saṃśuddha-kilbiṣo nidhauta-nikhilānya-vāsanaḥ | evam anekair janmabhiḥ saṃsiddhaḥ paripakva-yogo yoga-paripākād eva hetoḥ parāṃ sva-parātmāvaloka-lakṣaṇāṃ gatiṃ muktiṃ yāti ||45||
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BhG 6.46
tapasvibhyo 'dhiko yogī jñānibhyo 'pi mato 'dhikaḥ |
karmibhyaś cādhiko yogī tasmād yogī bhavārjuna ||46||
śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tapasvibhya iti | tapasvibhyaḥ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādi-tapo-niṣṭhebhyaḥ | jñānibhyaḥ śāstra-jñāna-vidbhyo 'pi | karmibhya iṣṭa-pūrtādi-karma-kāribhyo 'pi | yogī śreṣṭho mamābhimataḥ | tasmāt tvaṃ yogī bhava ||46||
madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ yogī stūyate 'rjunaṃ prati śraddhātiśayotpādana-pūrvakaṃ yogaṃ vidhātuṃ tapasvibhya iti | tapasvibhyaḥ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādi-tapaḥ-parāyaṇebhyo 'pi adhika utkṛṣṭo yogī tattva-jñānotpatty-anantaraṃ mano-nāśa-vāsanākṣaya-kārī |
vidyayā ta ārohanti yatra kāmāḥ parāgatāḥ |
na tatra dakṣiṇā yānti nāvadvāṃsas tapasvinaḥ || iti śruteḥ |
ataeva karmibhyo dakṣiṇā-sahita-jyotiṣṭomādi-karmānuṣṭhānebhyaś cādhiko yogī | karmiṇāṃ tapasvināṃ cājñatvena mokṣānarhatvāt |
jñānibhyo 'pi parokṣa-jñānavadbhyo 'pi aparokṣa-jñānavān adhiko mato yogī | evam aparokṣa-jñānavadbhyo 'pi mano-nāśa-vāsanākṣayābhāvād ajīvan-muktebhyo mano-nāśa-vāsanākṣaya-vattvena jīvan-mukto yogy adhiko mato mama saṃyataḥ | yasmād evaṃ tasmād adhikādhika-prayatna-balāttvaṃ yoga-bhraṣṭa idānīṃ tattva-jñāna-mano-nāśa-vāsanākṣayair yugapat-saṃpāditair yogī jīva-mukto yaḥ sa yogī paramo mata iti prāg-uktaḥ sa tādṛśo bhava sādhana-paripākāt | he 'rjuneti śuddheti sabodhanārthaḥ ||46||
viśvanāthaḥ : karma-jñāna-taop-yogavatāṃ madhye kaḥ śreṣṭha ity apekṣāyām āha tapasvibhyaḥ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādi-tapo-niṣṭhebhyaḥ | jñānibhyaḥ brahmopāsakebhyo 'pi yogī paramātmopāsako 'dhiko mata iti mamedam eva matam iti bhāvaḥ | yadi jñānibhyo 'py adhikas tadā kim uta karmibhya ity āha karmibhyaś ceti ||46||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ jñāna-garbho niṣkāma-karma-yogo 'ṣṭāṅga-yoga-śirasko mokṣa-hetus tādṛśād yogād vibhraṣṭsyāntatas tat-phalaṃ bhaved ity abhidhāya yoginaṃ stauti tapasvibhya iti | tapasvibhyaḥ kṛcchrādi-tapaḥ-parebhyaḥ jñānibhyo 'rtha-śāstra-vidbhyaḥ karmibhyaḥ sakāmeṣṭā-pūrty-ādikṛdbhyaś ca yogī mad-ukta-yogānuṣṭhātādhikaḥ śreṣṭho mataḥ | ātma-jñāna-vaidhuryeṇa mokṣānarhebhyas tapasvy-ādibhyo mad-ukto yogī samuditātma-jñānatvena mokṣārhatvāt śreṣṭhaḥ ||46||
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BhG 6.47
yoginām api sarveṣāṃ mad-gatenāntarātmanā |
śraddhāvān bhajate yo māṃ sa me yuktatamo mataḥ ||47||
śrīdharaḥ : yoginām api yama-niyamādi-parāṇāṃ madhye mad-bhaktaḥ śreṣṭha ity āha yoginām apīti | mad-gatena mayy āsaktena | antarātmanā manasā | yo māṃ parameśvaraṃ vāsudevam | śraddā-yuktaḥ san bhajate | sa yoga-yukteṣu śreṣṭho mama saṃmataḥ | ato mad-bhakto bhava iti bhāvaḥ ||47||
ātma-yogam avocad yo bhakti-yoga-śiromaṇim |
taṃ vande paramānandaṃ mādhavaṃ bhakta-sevadhim ||
iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ
dhyāna-yogo nāma ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāyaḥ
||6||
madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ sarva-yogi-śreṣṭhaṃ yoginaṃ vadann adhyāyam upasaṃharati yoginām iti | yogināṃ vasu-rudrādityādi-kṣudra-devatā-bhaktānāṃ sarveṣām api madhye mayi bhagavati vāsudeve puṇya-paripāka-viśeṣād gatena prīti-vaśān niviṣṭena mad-gatenāntarātmanāntaḥ-karaṇena prāg-bhavīya-saṃskāra-pāṭavāt sādhu-saṅgāc ca mad-bhajana evaṃ śraddhāvān atiśayena śraddadhānaḥ sambhajante sevata satataṃ cintayati yo māṃ nārāyaṇam īśvareśvaraṃ sa-guṇaṃ nirguṇaṃ vā manuṣyo 'yam īśvarāntara-sādhāraṇo 'yam ity ādi-bhramaṃ hitvā sa eva mad-bhakto yogī yuktatamaḥ sarvebhyaḥ samāhita-cittebhyo yuktebhyaḥ śreṣṭho me mama parameśvarasya sarvajñasya mato niścitaḥ | samāne 'pi yogābhyāsa-kleśe samāne 'pi bhajanāyāse mad-bhakti-śūnyebhyo
mad-bhaktasyaiva śreṣṭhatvāt tvaṃ mad-bhaktaḥ paramo yuktatamo 'nāyāsena bhavituṃ śakṣyasīti bhāvaḥ |
tad anenādhyāyena karma-yogasya buddhi-śuddhi-hetor maryādāṃ darśayatā tataś ca kṛta-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsasya sāṅgaṃ yogaṃ vivṛṇvatā mano-nigrahopāyaṃ cākṣepa-nirāsa-pūrvakam upadiśatā yoga-bhraṣṭasya puruṣārtha-śūnyatāśaṅkāṃ ca śithilatayā karma-kāṇḍaṃ bhajanīyaṃ ca bhagavantaṃ vāsudevaṃ tat-padārthaṃ nirūpayitum agrima-madhyāya-ṣaṭkam ārabhyata iti śivam ||47||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām adhyātma-yogo nāma ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāyaḥ
||6||
viśvanāthaḥ : tarhi yoginaḥ sakāśān nāsty adhikaḥ ko 'pīty avasīyate | tatra maivaṃ vācyam ity āha yoginām api | pañcamy-arthe ṣaṣṭhī nirdhāraṇa-yogāt | tapasvibhyo jñānibhyo 'py adhika iti pañcamy-artha-kramāc ca yogibhyaḥ sakāśād apīty arthaḥ | na kevalaṃ yogibhya eka-vidhebhyaḥ sakāśāt | api tu yogibhyaḥ sarvebhyo nānā-vidhebhyo yogārūḍhebhyaḥ samprajñāta-samādhy-asamprajñāta-samādhimadbhyo 'pīti | yad vā yogā upāyāḥ karma-jñāna-tapo-yoga-bhakty-ādayas tadvatāṃ madhye yo māṃ bhajeta | mad-bhakto bhavati sa yuktatama upāyavattamaḥ | karmī tapasvī jñānī ca yogī mataḥ | aṣṭāṅga-yogī yogitaraḥ | śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-bhaktimāṃs tu yogitama ity arthaḥ | yad uktaṃ śrī-bhāgavate-
muktānām api siddhānāṃ nārāyaṇa-parāyaṇaḥ |
sudurlabhaḥ praśāntātmā koṭiṣv api mahāmune || iti |
agrimādhyāya-ṣaṭkaṃ yad bhakti-yoga-nirūpakam |
tasya sūtramayaṃ ślokā bhakta-kaṇṭha-vibhūṣaṇam ||
prathamena kathā-sūtraṃ gītā-śāstra-śiromaṇiḥ |
dvitīyena tṛtīyena tūryeṇākāma-karma ca ||
jñānaṃ ca pañcamenoktaṃ yogaḥ ṣaṣṭhena kīrtitaḥ |
prādhānyena tad apy etaṃ ṣaṭkaṃ karma-nirūpakam ||
iti sārārtha-darśinyāṃ harṣiṇyāṃ bhakta-cetasām |
gītāsu ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāyo 'yaṃ saṅgataḥ saṅgataḥ satām ||
||6||
baladevaḥ : tad ittham ādyena ṣaṭkena saniṣṭhasya sādhanāni jñāna-garbhāni niṣkāma-karmāṇi yoga-śiraskāny abhidhāya madhyena pariniṣṭhitāder bhagavac-charaṇādīni sādhanāny abhidhāsyan tasmāt tasya śraiṣṭhyāvedakaṃ tat-sūtram abhidhatte yoginām iti | pañcamy-arthe ṣaṣṭhīyaṃ tapasvibhya iti pūrvopakramāt | na ca nirdhāraṇe ṣaṣṭhīyam astu vakṣyamāṇasya yoginas tapasvy-ādi-vilakṣaṇa-kriyatvena teṣv anantar-bhāvāt | yadyapi tapasvy-ādīnāṃ mitho nyūnādhikatābhāvo 'sti | tathāpy avaratvaṃ tasmāt samānam | svarṇa-girer iva tad anyeṣām uccāvacānāṃ girīṇām iti | yaḥ śraddhāvān mad-bhakti-nirūpakeṣu śruty-ādi-vākyeṣu dṛḍha-viśvāsaḥ san māṃ nīlotpala-śyāmalam ājānu-pīvara-bāhuṃ savitṛ-kara-vikasitāravindekṣaṇaṃ vidyud-ujjvala-vāsasaṃ
kirīṭa-kuṇḍala-kaṭaka-keyūra-hāra-kaustubha-nūpuraiḥ vanamālayā ca vibhrājamānaṃ sva-prabhayā diśo vitamisrāḥ kurvāṇaṃ nitya-siddha-nṛsiṃha-raghu-varyādi-rūpaṃ sarveśvaraṃ svayaṃ bhagavantaṃ manuṣya-saṃniveśi-vibhu-vijñānanda-mayaṃ yaśodā-stanandhayaṃ kṛṣṇādi-śabdair abhidhīyamānaṃ sārvajña-sarvaiśvarya-satya-saṅkalpāśrita-vātsalyādibhiḥ saundarya-mādhurya-lāvaṇyādibhiś ca guṇa-ratnaiḥ pūrṇaṃ bhajate śravaṇādibhiḥ sevate | mad-gatena mad-ekāsaktenāntarātmanā manasā viśiṣṭas tila-mātram api mad-viyogāsahaḥ sann ity arthaḥ | mad-bhaktaḥ sarvebhyas tapasvy-ādibhyo yogibhyo mad-eka-bhakto yuktatama ity arthaḥ |
atra vyācaṣṭe - nanu yoginaḥ sakāśān na ko 'py adhiko 'stīti cet tatrāha yoginām iti | yogāroha-tāratamyāt karma-yogino bahavas tebhyaḥ sarvebhyo 'pīti dhyānārūḍho yuktaḥ samādhy-ārūḍho yuktataraḥ śravaṇādi-bhaktimāṃs tu yuktatama iti | bhakti-śabdaḥ sevābhidhāyī |
bhaja ity eṣa vai dhātuḥ sevāyāṃ parikīrtitaḥ |
tasmāt sevā budhaiḥ proktā bhakti-śabdena bhūyasī || iti smṛteḥ |
etāṃ bhaktiṃ śrutir āha śraddhā-bhakti-dhyāna-yogād avehi iti |
yasya deve parā bhaktir yathā deve tathā gurau |
tasyaite kathitā hy arthāḥ prakāśante mahātmanaḥ || [ŚvetU 6.23] iti |
bhaktir asya bhajanaṃ tad-ihāmutropādhi-nairāsyenāmuṣmin manaḥ-kalpanam etad eva naiṣkarmyam [GTU 1.14] iti |
ātmānam eva lokam upāsīta [BAU 1.4.8] iti |
ātmā vā are draṣṭavyaḥ śrotavyo mantavyo nididhyāsitavyo maitreyi [BAU 2.4.5, 4.5.6] iti caivam ādyāḥ |
sā ca bhaktir bhagavat-svarūpa-śakti-vṛtti-bhūtā bodhyā-
vijñāna-ghanānanda-ghanā sac-cid-ānandaika-rase bhakti-yoge tiṣṭhati [GTU 2.79] iti śruteḥ |
tasyāḥ śravaṇādi-kriyā-rūpatvaṃ tu cit-sukha-mūrteḥ sarveśvarasya kuntalādi-pratīkatvavat pratyetavyam | śravaṇādi-rūpāyā bhakteś cid-ānandatvaṃ tv anuvṛttyānubhāvyaṃ sitānusevayā pitta-vināśe tan-mādhuryam iveti ||47||
gītā-kathā-sūtram avocad ādye
karma dvitīyādiṣu kāma-śūnyam |
tat pañcame vedana-garbham ākhyan
ṣaṣṭhe tu yogojjvalitaṃ mukundaḥ ||
iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāyaḥ
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ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāyaḥ - dhyāna-yogaḥ