Bhagavadgita 2
with the commentaries of Sridhara, Madhusudana, Visvanatha and Baladeva
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| description: | multibyte sequence: |
| long a | ā |
| long A | Ā |
| long i | ī |
| long I | Ī |
| long u | ū |
| long U | Ū |
| vocalic r | ṛ |
| vocalic R | Ṛ |
| long vocalic r | ṝ |
| vocalic l | ḷ |
| vocalic L | Ḷ |
| long vocalic l | ḹ |
| velar n | ṅ |
| velar N | Ṅ |
| palatal n | ñ |
| palatal N | Ñ |
| retroflex t | ṭ |
| retroflex T | Ṭ |
| retroflex d | ḍ |
| retroflex D | Ḍ |
| retroflex n | ṇ |
| retroflex N | Ṇ |
| palatal s | ś |
| palatal S | Ś |
| retroflex s | ṣ |
| retroflex S | Ṣ |
| anusvara | ṃ |
| visarga | ḥ |
| long e | ē |
| long o | ō |
| l underbar | ḻ |
| r underbar | ṟ |
| n underbar | ṉ |
| k underbar | ḵ |
| t underbar | ṯ |
Unless indicated otherwise, accents have been dropped in order
to facilitate word search.
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BhG 2.1
saṃjaya uvāca
taṃ tathā kṛpayāviṣṭam aśrupūrṇākulekṣaṇam |
viṣīdantam idaṃ vākyam uvāca madhusūdanaḥ ||1||
śrīdharaḥ : dvitīye śoka-saṃtaptam arjunaṃ brahma-vidyayā | pratibodhya hariś cakre sthita-prajñasya lakṣaṇam | tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam ity apekṣāyāṃ sañjaya uvāca - taṃ tathety ādi | aśrubhiḥ pūrṇe ākule īkṣaṇe yasya taṃ tathā, ukta-prakāreṇa visam arjunaṃ prati madhusūdana idaṃ vākyam uvāca ||1||
madhusūdanaḥ : ahiṃsā paramo dharmo bhikṣāśanaṃ cety evaṃ-lakṣaṇayā buddhyā yuddha-vaimukhyam arjunasya śrutvā svaputrāṇāṃ rājyam apracalitam avadhārya svastha-hṛdayasya dhṛtarāṣṭrasya harṣa-nimittāṃ tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam ity ākāṅkṣām apaninīṣuḥ saṃjayas taṃ pratyuktavān ity āha vaiśampāyanaḥ |
kṛpā mamaita iti vyāmoha-nimittaḥ sneha-viśeṣaḥ | tayāviṣṭaṃ svabhāva-siddhyā vyāptam | arjunasya karmatvaṃ kṛpāyāś ca kartṛtvaṃ vadatā tasyā āgantukatvaṃ vyudastam | ataeva viṣīdantaṃ sneha-viṣayī-bhūta-svajana-vicchedāśaṅkā-nimittaḥ śokāpara-paryāyaś citta-vyākulī-bhāvo viṣādas taṃ prāpnuvantam | atra viṣādasya karmatvenārjunasya kartṛtvena ca tasyāgantukatvaṃ sūcitam |
ataeva kṛpā-viṣāda-vaśād aśrubhiḥ pūrṇe ākule darśanākṣame cekṣaṇe yasya tam | evam aśru-pāta-vyākulī-bhāvākhya-kārya-dvaya-janakatayā paripoṣaṃ gatābhyāṃ kṛpā-viṣādābhyām udvignaṃ tam arjunam idaṃ sopapattikaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ vākyam uvāca na tūpekṣitavān | madhusūdana iti | svayaṃ duṣṭa-nigraha-kartārjunaṃ praty api tathaiva vakṣyatīti bhāvaḥ ||1||
viśvanāthaḥ :
ātmānātma-vivekena śoka-moha-tamo nudan |
dvitīye kṛṣṇa-candro 'tra proce muktasya lakṣaṇam ||1||
baladevaḥ :
dvitīye jīva-yāthātmya-jñānaṃ tat-sādhanaṃ hariḥ |
niṣkāma-karma ca proce sthita-prajñasya lakṣaṇam ||
evam arjuna-vairāgyam upaśrutya sva-putra-rājyābhraṃśāśayā hṛṣyantaṃ dhṛtarāṣṭram ālakṣya sañjaya uvāca taṃ tatheti | madhusūdana iti tasya śokam api madhuvan nihaniṣyatīti bhāvaḥ ||1||
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BhG 2.2
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
kutas tvā kaśmalam idaṃ viṣame samupasthitam |
anārya-juṣṭam asvargyam akīrti-karam arjuna ||2||
śrīdharaḥ : tad eva vākyam āha śrī-bhagavān uvāca kuta iti | kuto hetos tvā tvāṃ viṣame saṅkaṭe idaṃ kuśalaṃ samupasthitam ayaṃ mohaḥ prāptaḥ, yata āryair asevitam | asvargyam adharmyam ayaśaskaraṃ ca ||2||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad eva bhagavato vākyam avatārayati kutas tveti |
aiśvaryasya samagrasya dharmasya yaśasaḥ śriyaḥ |
vairāgyasyātha mokṣasya ṣaṇṇāṃ bhaga itīṅganā || [ViP 6.74]
samagasyeti pratyekaṃ sambandhaḥ | mokṣasyeti tat-sādhanasya jñānasya | iṅganā saṃjñā | etādṛśaṃ samagramaiśvaryādikaṃ nityam apratibandhena yatra vartate sa bhagavān | nitya-yoge matup | tathā-
utpattiṃ ca vināśaṃ ca bhūtānām āgatiṃ gatim |
vetti vidyām avidyāṃ ca sa vācyo bhagavān iti || [ViP 6.78]
atra bhūtānām iti pratyekaṃ sambadhyate | utpatti-vināśa-śabdau tat-kāraṇasyāpy upalakṣakau | āgati-gatī āgaminyau sampadāpadau | etādṛśo bhagavac-chabdārthaḥ śrī-vāsudeva eva paryavasita iti tathocyate |
idaṃ svadharmāt parāṅmukhatvaṃ kṛpā-vyāmohāśru-pātādi-puraḥ-saraṃ kaśmalaṃ śiṣṭa-garhitatvena malinaṃ viṣame sa-bhaye sthāne tvā tvāṃ sarva-kṣatriya-pravaraṃ kuto hetoḥ samupasthitaṃ prāptam ? kiṃ mokṣecchātaḥ ? kiṃ vā svargecchātaḥ ? iti kiṃ-śabdenākṣipyate | hetu-trayam api niṣedhati tribhir viśesaṇair uttarārdhena | āryair mumukṣubhir na juṣṭam asevitam | sva-dharmair āśaya-śuddhi-dvārā moks icchadbhir apakva-kaṣāyair mumukṣubhiḥ kathaṃ sva-dharmas tyājya ity arthaḥ | saṃnyāsādhikārī tu pakva-kaṣāyo 'gre vakṣyate | asvargyaṃ svarga-hetu-dharma-virodhitvān na svargecchayā sevyam | akīrtikaraṃ kīrty-abhāva-karam apakīrtikaraṃ vā na kīrtīcchayā sevyam | tathā ca mokṣa-kāmaiḥ svarga-kāmaiḥ kīrti-kāmaiś ca varjanīyam | tat kāma eva tvaṃ
sevasva ity aho anucitaṃ ceṣṭitaṃ taveti bhāvaḥ ||2||
viśvanāthaḥ : kaśmalaṃ mohaḥ | viṣame 'tra saṅgrāma-saṅkaṭe | kuto hetoḥ | upasthitaṃ tvāṃ prāptam abhūt | anārya-juṣṭaṃ supratiṣṭhita-lokair asevitam | asvargyam akīrtikaram iti pāratrikaihika-sukha-pratikūlam ity arthaḥ ||2||
baladevaḥ : tad vākyam anuvadati śrī-bhagavān iti |
aiśvaryasya samagrasya dharmasya yaśasaḥ śriyaḥ |
vairāgyasyātha mokṣasya ṣaṇṇāṃ bhaga itīṅganā || [ViP 6.74]
iti parāśaroktaiśvaryādibhiḥ ṣaḍbhir nityaṃ viśiṣṭaḥ | samagrasyety etat ṣaṭsu yojyam | he arjuna ! idaṃ sva-dharma-vaimukhyaṃ kaśmalaṃ śiṣṭa-nindyatvān malinaṃ kuto hetos tvāṃ kṣatriya-cūḍāmaṇiṃ samupasthitam abhūt ? viṣame yuddha-samaye | na ca mokṣāya svargāya kīrtaye vaitad-yuddha-vairāgyam ity āha anāryeti | āryair mumukṣubhir na juṣṭam sevitam | āryāḥ khalu hṛd-viśuddhaye svadharmān ācaranti | asvargyaṃ svargopalambhaka-dharma-viruddham | akīrti-karaṃ kīrti-viplāvakam ||2||
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BhG 2.3
klaibyaṃ mā sma gamaḥ pārtha naitat tvayy upapadyate |
kṣudraṃ hṛdaya-daurbalyaṃ tyaktvottiṣṭha paraṃtapa ||3||
śrīdharaḥ : klaibyaṃ mā sma gama iti | tasmāt he pārtha ! klaibyaṃ kātaryaṃ mā sma gamaḥ | na prāpnuhi | yatas tvayi etan nopapadyate yogyaṃ na bhavati | kṣudraṃ tucchaṃ hṛdaya-daurbalyaṃ kātaryaṃ yuddhāya uttiṣṭha, he parantapa śatru-tāpana ! ||3||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bandhu-senāvekṣaṇa-jātenādhairyeṇa dhanur api dhārayitum aśaknuvatā mayā kiṃ kartuṃ śakyam ity ata āha klaibyam iti | klaibyaṃ klīb-bhāvam adhairyam ojas-teja-ādi-bhaṅga-rūpaṃ mā sma gamo mā gā | he pārtha pṛthā-tanaya! pṛthayā deva-prasāda-labdhe tat-tanaya-mātre vīryātiśayasya prasiddhatvāt pṛthā-tanayatvena tvaṃ klaibyāyogya ity arthaḥ | arjunatvenāpi tad-ayogyatvam āha naitad iti | tvayi arjune sākṣān-maheśvareṇāpi saha kṛtāhave prakhyāta-mahā-prabhāve nopapadyate na yujyata etat-klaibyam ity asādhāraṇyena tad-ayogyatva-nirdeśaḥ |
nanu na ca śaknomy avasthātuṃ bhramatīva ca me manaḥ iti pūrvam eva mayoktam ity āśaṅkyāha kṣudram iti | hṛdaya-daurbalyaṃ manaso bhramaṇādi-rūpam adhairyaṃ kṣudratva-kāraṇatvāt kṣudraṃ sunirasanaṃ vā tyaktvā vivekenāpanīyottiṣṭha yuddhāya sajjo bhava | he parantapa ! paraṃ śatruṃ tāpayatīti tathā saṃbodhyate hetu-garbham ||3||
viśvanāthaḥ : klaibyaṃ klīb-dharmaṃ kātaryam | he pārtheti tvaṃ pṛthā-putraḥ sann api gacchasi | tasmān mā sma gamaḥ, mā prāpnuhi, anyasmin kṣatra-bandhau varam idam upapadyatām, tvayi mat-sakhau tu nopayujyate |
nanv idaṃ śauryābhāva-lakṣaṇaṃ klaibyaṃ mā śaṅkiṣṭhāḥ | kintu bhīṣma-droṇādi-guruṣu dharma-dṛṣṭyā viveko 'yaṃ dhārtarāṣṭreṣu tu durbaleṣu mad-astrāghātam āsādya martum udyateṣu dayaiveyam iti tatrāha kṣudram iti | naite tava viveka-daye, kintu śoka-mohāv eva | tau ca manaso daurbalya-vyañjakau | tasmāt hṛdaya-daurbalyam idaṃ tyaktvā uttiṣṭha | he parantapa ! parān śatrūn tāpayan yudhyasva ||3||
baladevaḥ : nanu bandhu-kṣayādhyavasāya-doṣāt prakampitena mayā kiṃ bhāvyam iti cet tatrāha klaibyam iti | he pārtha ! devarāja-prasādāt pṛthāyām utpanna ! klaibyaṃ kātaryaṃ mā sma gamaḥ prāpnuhi | tvayi viśva-vijetari mat-sakhe 'rjune kṣatra-bandhāv ivaitad īdṛśaṃ klaibyaṃ nopayujyate |
nanu na me śauryābhāva-rūpaṃ klaibyaṃ kintu bhīṣmādiṣu pūjyeṣu dharma-buddhyā viveko 'yaṃ duryodhanādiṣu bhrātṛṣu mac-chastra-prahāreṇa mariṣyatsu kṛpeyam iti cet tatrāha kṣudram iti | naite tava viveka-kṛpe, kintu kṣudraṃ laghiṣṭhaṃ hṛdaya-daurbalyam eva | tasmāt tat tyaktvā yuddhāyottiṣṭha sajjībhava | he parantapa ! śatru-tāpaneti śatru-hāsa-pātratāṃ mā gāḥ ||3||
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BhG 2.4
arjuna uvāca
kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṃkhye droṇaṃ ca madhusūdana |
iṣubhiḥ pratiyotsyāmi pūjārhāv arisūdana ||4||
śrīdharaḥ : nāhaṃ kātaratvena yuddhāt uparato 'smi, kintu yuddhasya anyāyyatvād adharmyatvāc cety āha arjuna uvāca katham iti | bhīṣma-droṇau pūjārhau pūjāyām arho yogyau tau prati katham ahaṃ yotsyāmi, tatrāpi iṣubhiḥ yatra vācāpi yotsyāmīti vaktum anucitaṃ tatra bāṇaiḥ kathaṃ yotsyāmīty arthaḥ | he ari-sūdana śatru-mardana ||4||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu nāyaṃ svadharmasya tyāgaḥ śoka-mohādi-vaśāt kintu dharatvābhāvād adharmatvāc cāsya yuddhasya tyāgo mayā kriyata iti bhagavad-abhiprāyam apratipadyamānasyārjunasyābhiprāyam avatārayati katham iti | bhīṣmaṃ pitāmahaṃ droṇām cācāryaṃ saṅkhye raṇa iṣubhiḥ sāyakaiḥ pratiyotsyāmi prahariṣyāmi katham ? na kathaṃcid apīty arthaḥ | yatas tau pūjārhau kusumādibhir arcana-yogyau | pūjārhābhyāṃ saha krīḍā-sthāne 'pi vācāpi harṣa-phalam api līlā-yuddham anucitaṃ kiṃ punar yuddha-bhūmau śaraiḥ prāṇa-tyāga-phalakaṃ praharaṇam ity arthaḥ |
madhusūdanārisūdaneti sambodhana-dvayaṃ śoka-vyākulatvena pūrvāpara-parāmarśa-vaikalyāt | ato na madhusūdanārisūdanety asyārthasya punar uktatvaṃ doṣaḥ | yuddha-mātram api yatra nocitaṃ dūre tatra vadha iti pratiyotsyāmīty anena sūcitam |
athavā pūjārhau kathaṃ pratiyotsyāmi | pūjārhayor eva vivaraṇaṃ bhīṣmaṃ droṇaṃ ceti | dvau brāhmaṇau bhojaya deva-dattaṃ yajña-dattaṃ cetivat sambandhaḥ | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - duryodhanādayo nāpuraskṛtya bhīṣma-droṇau yuddhāya sajjībhavanti | tatra tābhyāṃ saha yuddhaṃ na tāvad dharmaḥ pūjādivad avihitatvāt | na cāyam aniṣiddhatvād adharmo 'pi na bhavatīti vācyam | guruṃ huṅkṛtya tvaṃkṛtya ity ādinā śabda-mātreṇāpi guru-droho yadāniṣṭa-phalatva-pradarśanena niṣiddhas tadā kiṃ vācyaṃ tābhyāṃ saha saṅgrāmasyādharmatve niṣiddhatve ceti ||4||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu pratibadhnāti hi śreyaḥ pūjya-pūjā-vyatikramaḥ iti dharma-śāstram | ato 'haṃ yuddhān nivarta ity āha katham iti | pratiyotsyāmi pratiyotsye | nanv etau yudhyete tarhy anayoḥ pratiyoddhā bhavituṃ tvaṃ kiṃ na śaknoṣi ? satyaṃ na śaknomy evety āha pūjārhāv iti | anayoś caraṇeṣu bhaktyā kusumāny eva dātum arhāmi na tu krodhena tīkṣṇa-śarān iti bhāvaḥ | bho vayasya kṛṣṇa tvam api śatrūn eva yuddhe haṃsi, na tu sandīpaniṃ sva-guruṃ, nāpi bandhūn yadūn ity āha he madhusūdaneti | nanu mādhavo yadava eva | tatrāha he arisūdana ! madhur nāma daityo yas tavārir iti bravīmīti ||4||
baladevaḥ : nanu bhīṣmādiṣu pratiyoddhṛṣu satsu tvayā kathaṃ na yoddhavyam | āhūto na nivarteta iti yuddha-vidhānāc ca kṣatriyasyeti cet tatrāha katham iti | bhīṣmaṃ pitāmahaṃ droṇaṃ ca vidyā-gurum | iṣubhiḥ kathaṃ yotsye ? yad imau pūjārhau puṣpādibhir abhyarcyau, parihāsa-vāgbhir api yābhyāṃ yuddhaṃ na yuktam | tābhyāṃ saheṣubhis tat kathaṃ yujyeta ? pratibadhnāti hi śreyaḥ pūjya- pūjya-pūjā-vyatikramaḥ iti smṛteś ca | madhusūdanārisūdaneti sambodhana-punar-uktiḥ | śokākulasya pūrvottarānusandhi-virahāt | tad-bhāvaś ca tvam api śatrūn eva yuddhe nihaṃsi na tūgrasena-sāndīpany-ādīn pūjyān iti ||4||
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BhG 2.5
gurūn ahatvā hi mahānubhāvāñ
śreyo bhoktuṃ bhaikṣyam apīha loke |
hatvārtha-kāmāṃs tu gurūn ihaiva
bhuñjīya bhogān rudhira-pradigdhān ||5||
śrīdharaḥ : tarhi tān ahatvā tava deha-yātrāpi na syād iti cet, tatrāha gurūn iti | gurūn droṇācāryādīn ahatvā para-loka-viruddhaṃ guru-vadham akṛtvā iha-loke bhaikṣyaṃ bhikṣānnam api bhoktuṃ śreya ucitam | vipakṣe tu na kevalaṃ paratra duḥkhaṃ, kintu ihaiva ca naraka-duḥkham anubhaveyam ity āha hatveti | gurūn hatvā ihaiva tu rudhireṇa pradigdhān prakarṣeṇa liptān artha-kāmātmakān bhogān ahaṃ bhuñjīya aśnīyām | yad vā artha-kāmān iti gurūṇāṃ viśeṣaṇam | artha-tṛṣṇākulatvād ete tāvad yuddhān na nivarteran tasmād etad vadhaḥ prasajyetaivety arthaḥ | tathā ca yudhiṣṭhiraṃ prati bhīṣmeṇoktaṃ -
arthasya puruṣo dāso dāsas tv artho na kasyacit |
iti satyaṃ mahārāja baddho 'smy arthena kauravaiḥ || iti [ṃBh 6.41.36] ||5||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bhīṣma-droṇayoḥ pūjārhatvaṃ gurutvenaiva, evam anyeṣām api kṛpādīnāṃ, na ca teṣāṃ gurutvena svīkāraḥ sāmpratam ucitaḥ -
guror apy avaliptasya kāryākāryam ajānataḥ |
utpathapratipannasya parityāgo vidhīyate || [ṃbh 5.178.24]
iti smṛteḥ | tasmād eṣāṃ yuddha-garveṇāvaliptānām anyāya-rājya-grahaṇena śiṣya-droheṇa ca kāryākārya-viveka-śūnyānām utpatha-niṣṭhānāṃ vadha eva śreyān ity āśaṅkyāha gurūn iti |
gurūn ahatvā para-lokas tāvad asty eva | asmiṃs tu loke tair hṛta-rājyānāṃ no nṛpādīnāṃ niṣiddhaṃ bhaikṣam api bhoktuṃ śreyaḥ praśasyataram ucitaṃ na tu tad-vadhena rājyam api śreya iti dharme 'pi yuddhe vṛtti-mātra-phalatvaṃ gṛhītvā pāpam āropya vrate |
nanv avaliptatvādinā teṣāṃ gurutvābhāva ukta ity āśaṅkyāha mahānubhāvān iti | mahānubhāvaḥ śrutādhyayana-tapa-ācārādi-nibandhanaḥ prabhāvo yeṣāṃ tān | tathā ca kāla-kāmādayo 'pi yair vaśīkṛtās teṣāṃ puṇyātiśaya-śālināṃ nāvaliptatvādi-kṣudra-pāpma-saṃśleṣa ity arthaḥ | himahānubhāvān ity ekaṃ vā padam | himaṃ jāḍyam apahantīti himahā ādityo 'gnir vā tasyaivānubhāvaḥ sāmarthyaṃ yeṣāṃ tān | tathā cātitejasvitvāt teṣām avaliptatvādi-doṣo nāsty eva |
dharma-vyatikramo dṛṣṭa īśvarāṇāṃ ca sāhasam |
tejīyasāṃ na doṣāya vahneḥ sarva-bhujo yathā || [BhP 10.33.30]
nanu yadārtha-lubdhāḥ santo yuddhe pravṛttās tadaiṣāṃ vikrītātmanāṃ kutastyaṃ pūrvoktaṃ māhātmyaṃ, tathā coktaṃ bhīṣmeṇa yudhiṣṭhiraṃ prati -
arthasya puruṣo dāso dāsas tv artho na kasyacit |
iti satyaṃ mahārāja baddho 'smy arthena kauravaiḥ || [ṃBh 6.41.36]
ity āśaṅkyāha hatveti | artha-lubdhā api te mad-apekṣayā guravo bhavanty eveti punar guru-grahaṇenoktam | tu-śabdo 'py arthe īdṛśān api gurūn hatvā bhogān eva bhuñjīya na tu mokṣaṃ labheya | bhujyanta iti bhogā viṣayāḥ karmaṇi ghañ | te ca bhogā ihaiva na para-loke | ihāpi ca rudhira-pradigdhā ivāpayaśo-vyāptatvenātyanta-jugupsitā ity arthaḥ | yadehāpy evaṃ tadā para-loka-duḥkhaṃ kiyad varṇanīyam iti bhāvaḥ |
athavā gurūn hatvārtha-kāmātmakān bhogān eva bhuñjīya na tu dharma-mokṣāv ity artha-kāma-padasya bhoga-viśeṣaṇatayā vyākhyānāntaraṃ draṣṭavyam ||5||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanv evaṃ te yadi svarājye 'smin nāsti jighṛkṣā, tarhi kayā vṛttyā jīviṣyasīty atrāha gurūn ahatveti | guru-vadham akṛtvā bhaikṣyaṃ kṣatriyair vigītam api bhikṣānnam api bhoktuṃ śreyaḥ | aihika-duryaśo-lābhe 'pi pāratrikam amaṅgalaṃ tu naiva syād iti bhāvaḥ | na caiva guravo 'valiptāḥ kāryākāryam ajānantaś cādhārmika-duryodhanādy-anugatās tyājyā eva | yad uktaṃ -
guror apy avaliptasya kāryākāryam ajānataḥ |
utpatha-pratipannasya parityāgo vidhīyate || [ṃbh 5.178.24] iti vācyam |
ity āha - mahānubhāvān iti | kāla-kāmādayo 'pi yair vaśīkṛtās teṣāṃ bhīṣmādīnāṃ kutas tad-doṣa-sambhava iti bhāvaḥ | nanu -
arthasya puruṣo dāso dāsas tv artho na kasyacit |
iti satyaṃ mahārāja baddho 'smy arthena kauravaiḥ || [ṃBh 6.41.36]
iti yudhiṣṭhiraṃ prati bhīṣmeṇaivoktam ataḥ sāmpratam artha-kāmatvād eteṣāṃ mahānubhāvatvaṃ prāktanaṃ vigalitam ? satyam, tad apy etān hatavato mama duḥkham eva syād ity āha artha-kāmānartha-lubdhān apy etān kurūn hatvāhaṃ bhogān bhuñjīya kintv eteṣāṃ rudhireṇa pradigdhān praliptān eva | ayam arthaḥ - eteṣām artha-lubdhatve 'pi mad-gurutvam asty eva, ataevaitad-vadhe sati guru-drohiṇo mama khalu bhogo duṣkṛti-miśraḥ syād iti ||5||
baladevaḥ : nanu svarājye spṛhā cet tava nāsti tarhi deha-yātrā vā kathaṃ setsyatīti cet tatrāha gurūn iti | gurūn ahatvā guru-vadham akṛtvā sthitasya me bhaikṣyānnaṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ nindyam api bhoktuṃ śreyaḥ praśastataram | aihika-duryaśo-hetutve 'pi para-lokāvighātitvāt |
nanv ete bhīṣmādayo guravo 'pi yuddha-garvāvalepāt chadmanā yuṣmad-rājyāpahāraṃ yuṣmad-drohaṃ ca kurvatāṃ duryodhanādīnāṃ saṃsargeṇa kāryākārya-viveka-virahāc ca samprati tyājyā eva-
guror apy avaliptasya kāryākāryam ajānataḥ |
utpathapratipannasya parityāgo vidhīyate || [ṃbh 5.178.24] iti smṛteḥ |
iti cet tatrāha - mahānubhāvān iti | mahān sarvotkṛṣṭo 'nubhāvo vedādhyayana-brahmacaryādi-hetukaḥ prabhāvo yeṣāṃ tān | kāla-kāmādayo 'pi yad-vaśyās teṣāṃ tad-doṣa-sambandho neti bhāvaḥ |
nanu -
arthasya puruṣo dāso dāsas tv artho na kasyacit |
iti satyaṃ mahārāja baddho 'smy arthena kauravaiḥ || [ṃBh 6.41.36]
iti bhīṣmokter artha-lobhena vikrītātmanāṃ teṣāṃ kuto mahānubhāvatā ? tato yuddhe hantavyās te iti cet tatrāha hatvārtha-kāmān iti | artha-kāmān api gurūn hatvāham ihaiva loke bhogān bhuñjīya, na tu para-loke | tāṃś ca rudhira-pradigdhān tad-rudhira-miśrān eva, na tu śuddhān bhuñjīya tad-dhiṃsayā tal-lābhāt | tathā ca yuddha-garvāvalepādi-mattve 'pi teṣāṃ mad-gurutvam asty eveti punar guru-grahaṇena sūcyate ||5||
__________________________________________________________
BhG 2.6
na caitad vidmaḥ kataran no garīyo
yad vā jayema yadi vā no jayeyuḥ |
yān eva hatvā na jijīviṣāmas
te 'vasthitāḥ pramukhe dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ ||6||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca yadyapy adharmam aṅgīkariṣyāmaḥ tathāpi kim asmākaṃ jayaḥ parājayo vā garīyān bhaved iti na jñāyata ity āha na ced ity ādi | etad dvayor madhye no 'smākaṃ katarat kiṃ nāma garīyo 'dhikataraṃ bhaviṣyatīti na vidmaḥ | tad eva dvayaṃ darśayati | yad vā etān vayaṃ jayema jeṣyāmaḥ yadi vā no 'smān ete jayeyuḥ jeṣyantīti | jayo 'pi kiṃ cāsmākaṃ katarat jaya-parājayayor madhye kiṃ khalu garīyo 'dhikataraṃ bhaviṣyati etan na vidmaḥ | tad eva pakṣa-dvayaṃ darśayati etān vayaṃ jayema, no 'smān vā ete jayeyur iti | kiṃ ca jayo 'py asmākaṃ phalataḥ parājaya evety āha yān eveti ||6||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bhikṣāśanasya kṣatriyaṃ prati niṣiddhatvād yuddhasya ca vihitatvāt svadharmatvena yuddham eva tatra śreyaskaram ity āśaṅkyāha na caitad iti | etad api na jānīmo bhaikṣa-yuddhayor madhye kataran no 'smākaṃ garīyaḥ śreṣṭham | kiṃ bhaikṣaṃ hiṃsā-śūnyatvād uta yuddhaṃ svadharmatvād iti | idaṃ ca na vidma ārabdhe 'pi yuddhe yad vā vayaṃ jayemātiśayīmahi yadi vā no 'smān jayeyur dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ | ubhayoḥ sāmya-pakṣo 'py arthād boddhavyaḥ |
kiṃ ca jāto 'pi jayo naḥ phalataḥ parājaya eva | yato yān bandhūn hatvā jīvitum api vayaṃ necchāmaḥ kiṃ punar viṣayānupabhoktum ? ta evāvasthitāḥ saṃmukhe dhārtarāṣṭrā dhṛtarāṣṭra-sambandhino bhīṣma-droṇādayaḥ sarve 'pi | tasmād bhaikṣād yuddhasya śreṣṭhatvaṃ na siddham ity arthaḥ |
tad evaṃ prāktanena granthena saṃsāra-doṣa-nirūpaṇād adhikāri-viśeṣaṇāny uktāni | tatra na ca śreyo 'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanam āhave ity atra raṇe hatasya parivrāṭ-samāna-yoga-kṣematvokteḥ anyac chreyo 'nyad utaiva preyaḥ [KaṭhU 2.1] ity ādi-śruti-siddhaṃ śreyo mokṣākhyam upanyastam | arthāc ca tad itarad aśreya iti nityānitya-vastu-viveko darśitaḥ, na kāṅkṣe vijayaṃ kṛṣṇety [Gītā 1.32] atraihika-phala-virāgaḥ | api trailokya-rājyasya [Gītā 1.35] hetor ity atra pāralaukika-phala-virāgaḥ | narake niyataṃ vāsa [Gītā 1.44] ity atra sthūla-dehātirikta ātmā, kiṃ no rājyena [Gītā 1.32] iti vyākhyāta-vartmanā śamaḥ | kiṃ bhogair [Gītā 1.32] iti damaḥ | yadyapy ete na paśyanti [Gītā 1.38] ity atra nirlobhatā | tan me kṣemataraṃ bhaved [Gītā 1.46] ity atra titikṣā | iti prathamādhyāyārthaḥ saṃnyāsa-sādhana-sūcanam
| asmiṃs tv adhyāye śreyo bhoktuṃ bhaikṣam api [Gītā 2.5] ity atra bhikṣā-caryopalakṣitaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ pratipāditaḥ ||6||
viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca guru-drohe pravṛttasyāpi mama jayaḥ parājayo vā bhaved ity api na jñāyata ity āha na caitad ity ādi | tathāpi no 'smākaṃ katarat jaya-parājayayor madhye kiṃ khalu garīyo 'dhikataraṃ bhaviṣyati etan na vidmaḥ | tad eva pakṣa-dvayaṃ darśayati -- etān vayaṃ jayema, no 'smān vā ete jayeyur iti | kiṃ ca jayo 'py asmākaṃ phalataḥ parājaya evety āha yān eveti ||6||
baladevaḥ : nanu bhaikṣa-bhojanaṃ kṣatriyasya vigarhitaṃ, yuddhaṃ ca sva-dharmaṃ vijānann api vibhāṣase iti cet tatrāha na caitad iti | etad vayaṃ na vidmaḥ | bhaikṣya-yuddhayor madhye no 'smākaṃ katarad garīyaḥ praśastataram | hiṃsā-virahād bhaikṣaṃ garīyaḥ svadharmatvād yuddhaṃ veti, etac ca na vidmaḥ | samārabdhe yuddhe vayaṃ dhārtarāṣṭrān jayema te vā no 'smān jayeyur iti |
nanu mahā-vikramiṇāṃ dharmiṣṭhānāṃ ca bhavatām eva vijayo bhāvīti cet tatrāha yān eveti | yān dhārtarāṣṭrān bhīṣmādīn sarvān | na jijīviṣāmo jīvitum api necchāmaḥ kiṃ punar bhogān bhoktum ity arthaḥ | tathā ca vijayo 'py asmākaṃ phalataḥ parājaya eveti | tasmād yuddhasya bhaikṣād garīyas tvam aprasiddham iti | evam etāvatā granthena tasmād evaṃvic chānta-dānta uparatas titikṣuḥ śraddhānvito bhūtvātmany evātmānaṃ paśyet iti śruti-prasiddham arjunasya jñānādhikāritvaṃ darśitam | tatra kiṃ no rājyena [Gītā 1.32] iti śama-damau | api trailokya-rājyasya [Gītā 1.35] ity aihika-pāratrika-bhogopekṣā-lakṣaṇā uparatiḥ | bhaikṣaṃ bhoktuṃ śreya iti dvandva-sahiṣṇutva-lakṣaṇā titikṣā | guru-vākya-dṛḍha-viśvāsa-lakṣaṇā śraddhā tūttara-vākye vyaktībhaviṣyati,
na khalu śamādi-śūnyasya jñāne 'sty adhikāraḥ paṅgāder iva karmaṇīti ||6||
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BhG 2.7
kārpaṇya-doṣopahata-svabhāvaḥ
pṛcchāmi tvāṃ dharma-saṃmūḍha-cetāḥ |
yac chreyaḥ syān niścitaṃ brūhi tan me
śiṣyas te 'haṃ śādhi māṃ tvāṃ prapannam ||7||
śrīdharaḥ : upadeśa-grahaṇe svādhikāraṃ sūcayati kārpaṇyety ādi | arthāt kārpaṇya-doṣopahata-svabhāvaḥ etān hatvā kathaṃ jīviṣyāma iti kārpaṇyaṃ dosaś ca svakula-kṣaya-kṛtaḥ, tābhyām upahato 'bhibhūtaḥ svabhāvaḥ śauryādi-lakṣaṇo yasya so 'haṃ tvāṃ pṛcchāmi, tathā dharme saṃmūḍhaṃ ceto yasya saḥ | yuddhaṃ tyaktvā bhikṣāṭanam api kṣatriyasya dharmo 'dharmo veti sandigdha-cittaḥ sann ity arthaḥ | ato me yan niścitaṃ śreyaḥ yuktaṃ syāt tad brūhi | kiṃ ca te 'haṃ śiṣyaḥ śāsanārhaḥ | atas tvāṃ prapannaṃ śaraṇāgataṃ māṃ śādhi śikṣaya ||7||
madhusūdanaḥ : gurūpasadanam idānīṃ pratipādyate samadhigata-saṃsāra-doṣa-jātasyātitarāṃ nirviṇṇasya vidhivad gurum upasannasyaiva vidyā-grahaṇe 'dhikārāt | tad evaṃ bhīṣmādi-saṃkaṭa-vaśāt | vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti [BAU 3.5.1] iti śruti-siddha-bhikṣā-carye 'rjunasyābhilāṣaṃ pradarśya vidhivad gurūpasattim api tat-saṅkaṭa-vyājenaiva darśayati kārpaṇyeti |
yaḥ svalpām api citta-kṣatiṃ na kṣamate sa kṛpaṇa iti loke prasiddhaḥ | tad-vidhatvād akhilo 'nātma-vid aprāpta-puruṣārthatayā kṛpaṇo bhavati | yo vā etad akṣaram gārgy aviditvā asmāl lokāt praiti sa kṛpaṇa [BAU 3.8.10] iti śruteḥ | tasya bhāvaḥ kārpaṇyam anātmādhyāsavattvaṃ tan-nimitto 'smin janmany eta eva madīyās teṣu hateṣu kiṃ jīvitenety abhiniveśa-rūpo mamatā-lakṣaṇo doṣas tenopahatas tiraskṛtaḥ svabhāvaḥ kṣātro yuddhodyoga-lakṣaṇo yasya sa tathā | dharme viṣaye nirṇāyaka-pramāṇaādarśanāt saṃmūḍhaṃ kim eteṣāṃ vadho dharmaḥ kim etat-paripālanaṃ dharmaḥ | tathā kiṃ pṛthvī-paripālanaṃ dharmaḥ kiṃ vā yathāvasthito 'raṇya-nivāsa eva dharma ity ādi-saṃśayair vyāptaṃ ceto yasya sa tathā | na caitad vidmaḥ kataran no garīya ity atra vyākhyātam
etat | evaṃvidhaḥ sann ahaṃ tvā tvām idānīṃ pṛcchāmi śreya ity anuṣaṅgaḥ |
ato yan niścitam aikāntikam ātyantikaṃ ca śreyaḥ parama-pumartha-bhūtaṃ phalaṃ syāt tan me mahyaṃ brūhi | sādhanānantaram avaśyambhāvitvam aikāntikatavaṃ, jātasyāvināśa ātyantikatvam | yathā hy auṣadhe kṛte kadācid roga-nivṛttir na bhaved api jātāpi ca roga-nivṛttiḥ punar api rogotpattyā vināśyate | evaṃ kṛte 'pi yāge pratibandha-vaśāt svargo na bhaved api jāto 'pi svargo duḥkhākrānto naśyati ceti naikāntikatvam ātyantikatvaṃ vā tayoḥ | tad uktam -
duḥkha-trayābhighātāj jijñāsā tad-apaghātake hetau |
dṛṣṭe sāpārthā cen naikāntātyantato 'bhāvāt || (Sa.K. 1) iti |
dṛṣṭavad ānuśravikaḥ sa hy avaiśuddhi-kṣayātiśaya-yuktaḥ |
tad-viparītaḥ śreyān vyaktāvyaktajña-vijñānāt || (Sa.K. 1) iti |
nanu tvaṃ mama sakhā na tu śiṣyo 'ta āha śiṣyas te 'ham iti | tvad-anuśāsanayogyatvād ahaṃ tava śiṣya eva bhavāmi na sakhā nyūna-jñānatvāt | atas tvāṃ prapannaṃ śaraṇāgataṃ māṃ śādhi śikṣaya karuṇayā na tv aśiṣyatva-śaṅkayopekṣaṇīyo 'ham ity arthaḥ | etena - tad vijñānārthaṃ sa gurum evābhigacchet samit-pāṇiḥ śrotriyaṃ brahma-niṣṭham [ṃuṇḍU 1.2.11], bhṛgur vai vāruṇiḥ | varuṇaṃ pitaram upasasāra | adhīhi bhagavo brahmeti [TaittU 3.1] ity ādi-gurūpasatti-pratipādakaḥ śruty-artho darśitaḥ ||7||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu tarhi sopapattikaṃ śāstrārthaṃ tvam eva bruvāṇaḥ kṣatriyo bhūtvā bhikṣāṭanaṃ niścinoṣi tarhy alaṃ mad-uktyeti tatrāha kārpaṇyeti | svābhāvikasya śauryasya tyāga eva me kārpaṇyam | dharmasya sūkṣmā gatir ity ato dharma-vyavasthāyām apy ahaṃ mūḍha-buddhir evāsmi | atas tvam eva niścitya śreyo brūhi |
nanu mad-vācas tvaṃ paṇḍata-mānitvena khaṇḍayasi cet, kathaṃ brūyām ? tatrāha śiṣyas te 'ham asmi | nātaṃ paraṃ vṛthā khaṇḍayāmīti bhāvaḥ ||7||
baladevaḥ : atha tad vijñānārthaṃ sa gurum evābhigacchet samit-pāṇiḥ śrotriyaṃ brahma-niṣṭham [ṃuṇḍU 1.2.11], ācāryavān puruṣo veda [Chā 6.14.2] ity ādi śruti-siddhāṃ gurūpasattiṃ darśayati kārpaṇyeti | yo vā etad akṣaram gārgy aviditvā asmāl lokāt praiti sa kṛpaṇa [BAU 3.8.10] iti śravaṇād abrahmavittvaṃ kārpaṇyam | tena hetunā yo doṣo yān eva hatveti bandhu-vargam amatālakṣaṇas tenopahata-svabhāvo yuddha-spṛhā-lakṣaṇaḥ svadharmo yasya saḥ | dharme saṃmūḍhaṃ kṣatriyasya me yuddhaṃ svadharmas tad vihāya bhikṣāṭanaṃ vety evaṃ sandihānaṃ ceto yasya saḥ | īdṛśaḥ sann ahaṃ tvām idānīṃ pṛcchāmi - tasmān niścitaṃ ekāntikaṃ ātyantikaṃ yan me śreyaḥ syāt tat tvaṃ brūhi | sādhanottaram avaśyaṃbhāvitvaṃ aikāntikatvaṃ, bhūtasyāvināśitvaṃ
ātyantikatvam |
nanu śaraṇāgatasyopadeśaḥ tad vijñānārthaṃ sa gurum evābhigacchet ity ādi-śruteḥ | sakhāyaṃ tvāṃ katham upadiśāmīti cet tatrāha śiṣyas te 'ham iti | śādhi śikṣaya ||7||
__________________________________________________________
BhG 2.8
na hi prapaśyāmi mamāpanudyād
yac chokam ucchoṣaṇam indriyāṇām |
avāpya bhūmāv asapatnam ṛddhaṃ
rājyaṃ surāṇām api cādhipatyam ||8||
śrīdharaḥ : tvam eva vicārya yad yuktaṃ tat kurv iti cet, tatrāha na hi prapaśyāmīti | indriyāṇām ucchoṣaṇam atiśoṣaṇa-karaṃ madīyaṃ śokaṃ yat karma apanudyāt apanayet tad ahaṃ na prapaśyāmīti | yadyapi bhūmau niṣkaṇṭakaṃ samṛddhaṃ rājyaṃ prāpsyāmi | tathā surendratvam api yadi prāpsyāmi evam abhīṣṭaṃ tat tat sarvam avāpyāpi śokāpanodanopāyaṃ na prapaśyāmīty anvayaḥ ||8||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu svayam eva tvaṃ śreyo vicāraya śruta-sampanno 'si kiṃ para-śiṣyatvenety ata āha nahīti | yac-chreyaḥ prāptaṃ sat-kartṛ mama śokam apanudyād apanuden nivārayet tan na paśyāmi hi yasmāt tasmān māṃ śādhīti so 'haṃ bhagavaḥ śocāmi taṃ mā bhagavāñ chokasya pāraṃ tārayatu [ChāU 7.1.3] iti śruty-artho darśitaḥ | śokānapanode ko doṣa ity āśaṅkya tad-viśeṣaṇam āha indriyāṇām ucchoṣaṇam iti | sarvadā santāpa-karam ity arthaḥ |
nanu yuddhe prayatamānasya tava śoka-nivṛttir bhaviṣyati jeṣyasi cet tadā rājya-prāptyā dvāv etau puruṣau loke ity ādi-dharma-śāstrād ity āśaṅkyāha avāpyety ādinā | śatru-varjitaṃ sasyādi-sampannaṃ ca rājyaṃ tathā surāṇām ādhipatyaṃ hiraṇyagarbhatva-paryantam aiśvaryam avāpya sthitasyāpi mama yac chokam apanudyāt tan na paśyāmīty anvayaḥ | tad yatheha karma-jito lokaḥ kṣīyata evam evāmutra puṇya-jito lokaḥ kṣīyate [Chā 8.1.6] iti śruteḥ | yat-kṛtakaṃ tad-anityam ity anumānāt pratyakṣeṇāpy aihikānāṃ vināśa-darśanāc ca naihika āmutriko vā bhogaḥ śoka-nivartakaḥ kintu sva-sattā-kāle 'pi bhoga-pāratantryādinā vināśa-kāle 'pi vicchedāc choka-janaka eveti na yuddhaṃ śoka-nivṛttaye 'nuṣṭheyam ity arthaḥ | etenehāmutra-bhoga-virāgo 'dhikāri-viśeṣaṇatvena darśitaḥ
||8||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu mayi tava sakhya-bhāva eva, na tu gauravam | atas tvāṃ katham ahaṃ śiṣyaṃ karomi ? tasmād yatra tava gauravaṃ taṃ kam api dvaipāyanādikaṃ prapadyasva ity ata āha na hīti | mama śokam apanudyāt dūrīkuryād evaṃ janaṃ na prakarṣeṇa paśyāmi trijagaty ekaṃ tvāṃ vinā | svasmād adhika-buddhimantaṃ bṛhaspatim api na jānāmīty ataḥ śokārta eva khalu kaṃ prapadyeya iti bhāvaḥ | yad yataḥ śokād indriyāṇām ucchoṣaṇaṃ mahā-nidāghāt kṣudra-sarasām iva utkarṣeṇa śoṣo bhavati |
nanu tarhi sāmprataṃ tvaṃ śokārta eva khalu yudhyasva | tataś caitān jitvā rājyaṃ prātavatas tava rājya-bhogābhiniveśenaiva śoko 'payāsyatīty āha avāpyeti | bhūmau niṣkaṇṭakaṃ rājyaṃ svarge surāṇām ādhipatyaṃ vā prāpyāpi sthitasya mamendriyāṇām etad ucchoṣaṇam evety arthaḥ ||8||
baladevaḥ : nanu tvaṃ śāstrajño 'si sva-hitaṃ vicāryānutiṣṭha, sakhyur me śiṣyaḥ kathaṃ bhaver iti cet tatrāha na hīti | yat karma mama śokam apanudyād dūrīkuryāt tad ahaṃ na prapaśyāmi | śokaṃ viśinaṣṭi - indriyāṇām ucchoṣaṇam iti | tasmāc choka-vināśāya tvāṃ prapanno 'smīti | itthaṃ ca so 'haṃ bhagavaḥ śocāmi taṃ māṃ bhavān śokasya pāraṃ tārayatu iti śruty-artho darśitaḥ |
nanu tvam adhunā śokākulaḥ prapadyase yuddhāt sukha-samṛddhi-lābhe viśoko bhaviṣyasīti cet tatrāha avāpyeti | yadi yuddhe vijayī syāṃ tadā bhūmāv asapatnaṃ niṣkaṇṭakaṃ rājyaṃ prāpya yadi ca tatra hataḥ syāṃ tadā svarge surāṇām ādhipatyaṃ prāpya sthitasya me viśokatvaṃ na bhaved ity arthaḥ | tad yatheha karma-jito lokaḥ kṣīyata evam evāmutra puṇya-jito lokaḥ kṣīyate [ChāU 8.1.6] iti śruter naihikaṃ pāratrikaṃ vā yuddha-labdhaṃ sukhaṃ śokāpahaṃ tasmāt tādṛśam eva śreyastvaṃ brūhīti na yuddhaṃ śoka-haram ||8||
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BhG 2.9
saṃjaya uvāca
evam uktvā hṛṣīkeśaṃ guḍākeśaḥ parantapaḥ |
na yotsya iti govindam uktvā tūṣṇīṃ babhūva ha ||9||
śrīdharaḥ : evam uktvārjunaḥ kiṃ kṛtavān ity apekṣāyāṃ sañjaya uvāca evam ity ādi | spaṣṭārthaḥ ||9||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad-anantaram arjunaḥ kiṃ kṛtavān iti dhṛtarāṣṭrākāṅkṣāyāṃ sañjaya uvāca evam ity ādi | guḍākeśo jitālasyaḥ parantapaḥ śatru-tāpano 'rjuno hṛṣīkeśaṃ sarvendriya-pravartakatvenāntaryāmiṇaṃ govindaṃ gāṃ veda-lakṣaṇāṃ vāṇīṃ vindatīti vyutpattyā sarva-vedopādānatvena sarvajñam ādāv evaṃ kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṅkhya ity ādinā yuddha-svarūpāyogyatām uktvā tad-anantaraṃ na yotsya iti yuddha-phalābhāvaṃ coktvā tūṣṇīṃ babhūva bāhyendriya-vyāpārasya yuddhārthaṃ pūrvaṃ kṛtasya nivṛttyā nirvyāpāro jāta ity arthaḥ | svabhāvato jitālasye sarva-śatru-tāpane ca tasminn āgantukam ālasyam atāpakatvaṃ ca nāspadam ādhāsyatīti dyotayituṃ ha-śabdaḥ | govinda-hṛṣīkeśa-padābhyāṃ sarvajñatva-sarva-śaktitva-sūcakābhyāṃ
bhagavatas tan-mohāpanodanam anāyāsa-sādhyam iti sūcitam ||9||
viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.
baladevaḥ : tato 'rjunaḥ kim akarod ity apekṣāyāṃ sañjaya uvāca evam uktvety ādi | guḍākeśo hṛṣīkeśaṃ prati evaṃ na hi prapaśyāmīty ādinā yuddhasya śokānivartakatvam uktvā parantapo 'pi govindaṃ sarva-vedajñaṃ prati na yotsye iti coktveti yojyam | tatra hṛṣīkeśatvād buddhiṃ yuddhe pravartayiṣyati | sarva-veda-vittvād yuddhe sva-dharmatvaṃ grāhayiṣyatīti vyajya dhṛtarāṣṭra-hṛdi saṃjātā sva-putra-rājyāśā nirasyate ||9||
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BhG 2.10
tam uvāca hṛṣīkeśaḥ prahasann iva bhārata |
senayor ubhayor madhye viṣīdantam idaṃ vacaḥ ||10||
śrīdharaḥ : tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam ity apekṣāyām āha tam uvāceti | prahasann iva prasanna-mukhaḥ sann ity arthaḥ ||10||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ yuddham upekṣitavaty apy arjune bhagavān nopekṣitavān iti dhṛtarāṣṭra-durāśā-nirāsāyā 'ha tam uvāceti | senayor ubhayor madhye yuddhodyamenāgatya tad-virodhinaṃ viṣādaṃ mohaṃ prāpnuvantaṃ tam arjunaṃ prahasann ivānucitācāraṇa-prakāśanena lajjāmbudhau majjayann iva hṛṣīkeśaḥ sarvāntaryāmī bhagavān idaṃ vakṣyamāṇam aśocyān ity ādi vacaḥ parama-gambhīrārtham anucitācaraṇa-prakāśakam uktavān na t”pekṣitavān ity arthaḥ |
anucitācaraṇa-prakāśanena lajjotpādanaṃ prahāsaḥ | lajjā ca duḥkhātmiketi dveṣa-viṣaya eva sa mukhyaḥ | arjunasya tu bhagavat-kṛpā-viṣayatvād anucitācaraṇa-prakāśanasya ca vivekotpatti-hetutvād eka-dalābhāvena gauṇa evāyaṃ prahāsa iti kathayitum iva-śabdaḥ | lajjām utpādayitum iva vivkam utpādayitum arjunasyānucitācaraṇaṃ bhagavatā prakāśyate | lajjotpattis tu nāntarīyakatayāstu māstu veti na vivakṣiteti bhāvaḥ |
yadi hi yuddhārambhāt prāg eva sthito yuddham upekṣeta tadā nānucitaṃ kuryāt | mahatā saṃrambheṇa tu yuddha-bhūmāv āgatya tad-upekṣaṇam atīvānucitam iti kathayituṃ senayor ity ādi-viśeṣaṇam | etac cāśocyānityādau spaṣṭaṃ bhaviṣyati ||10||
viśvanāthaḥ : aho tvāpy etāvān khalv aviveka iti sakhya-bhāvena taṃ prahasan anaucitya-prakāśena lajjāmbudhau nimajjayan iveti tadānīṃ śiṣya-bhāvaṃ prāpte tasmin hāsyam anucitam ity adharoṣṭha-nikuñcanena hāsyam āvṛṇvaṃś cety arthaḥ | hṛṣīkeśa iti pūrvaṃ premāivārjuna-vāṅ-niyamyo 'pi sāmpratam arjuna-hita-kāritvāt premṇaivārjuna-mano-niyantāpi bhavatīti bhāvaḥ | senayor ubhayor madhe ity arjunasya viṣādo bhagavatā prabodhaś ca ubhābhyāṃ senābhyāṃ sāmānyato dṛṣṭa eveti bhāvaḥ ||10||
baladevaḥ : vyaṅgam arthaṃ prakāśayann āha tam uvāceti taṃ viṣīdantam arjunaṃ prati hṛṣīkeśo bhagavān aśocyān ity ādikam atigambhīrārthaṃ vacanam uvāca | ahotavāpīdṛg vivekaḥ iti sakhya-bhāvena prahasan | anaucitya-bhāṣitvena trapā-sindhau nimajjayan ity arthaḥ | iveti tadaiva śiṣyatāṃ prāpte tasmin hāsānaucityādīṣad adharollāsaṃ kurvann ity arthaḥ | arjunasya viṣādo bhagavatā tasyopadeśaś ca sarva-sākṣika iti bodhayituṃ senayor ubhayor ity etat ||10||
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BhG 2.11
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
aśocyān anvaśocas tvaṃ prajñā-vādāṃś ca bhāṣase |
gatāsūn agatāsūṃś ca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ ||11||
śrīdharaḥ : dehātmanor avivekād asyaivaṃ śoko bhavatīti tad-viveka-darśanārthaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca aśocyān ity ādi | śokasyāviṣayī-bhūtān eva bandhūn tvam anvaśocaḥ anuśocitavān asi dṛṣṭvemān svajanān kṛṣṇa ity ādinā | tatra kutas tvā kaśmalam idaṃ viṣame samupasthitam ity ādinā mayā bodhito 'pi punaś ca prajñāvatāṃ paṇḍitānāṃ vādān śabdān kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṅkhye ity ādīn kevalaṃ bhāṣase, na tu paṇḍito 'si, yataḥ gatāsūn gata-prāṇān bandhūn agatāsūṃś ca jīvato 'pi, bandhu-hīnā ete kathaṃ jīviṣyantīti nānuśocanti paṇḍitā vivekinaḥ ||11||
madhusūdanaḥ : HERE
viśvanāthaḥ : bho arjuna ! tavāyaṃ bandha-vadha-hetukaḥ śoko bhrama-mūlaka eva, tathā kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṅkhye ity ādiko vivekaś cāprajñā-mūlaka evety āha aśocyān ity ādi | aśocyān śokānārhān eva tvam anvaśoco 'nuśocitavān asi | tathā tvāṃ prabodhayantaṃ māṃ prati prajñā-vādān prajñāyāṃ satyām eva ye vādāḥ kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṅkhye ity ādīni vākyāni tān bhāṣase, na tu tava kāpi prajñā vartate iti bhāvaḥ | yataḥ paṇḍitāḥ prajñāvanto gatāsūn gatā niḥsṛtā bhavanty asavo yebhyas tān sthūla-dehān na śocanti, teṣāṃ naśvara-bhāvatvād iti bhāvaḥ | agatāsūn aniḥsṛta-prāṇān sūkṣma-dehān api na śocanti, te hi mukteḥ pūrvaṃ naśvarā eva | ubhayeṣām api tathā tathā svabhāvasya duṣpariharatvāt | mūrkhās tu pirtrādi-dehebhyaḥ
prāṇeṣu niḥsṛteṣv eva śocanti, sūkṣma-dehāṃs tu na, te prāyaḥ paricinvantyas atas tair alam | ete hi sarve bhīṣmādayaḥ sthūla-sūkṣma-deha-sahitā ātmāna eva | ātmanāṃ tu ityatvāt teṣu śoka-pravṛttir eva nāstīty atas tvayā yat pūrvam artha-śāstrāt dharma-śāstraṃ balavad ity uktaṃ tatra mayā tu dharma-śāstrād api jñāna-śāstraṃ balavad ity ucyata iti bhāvaḥ ||11||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ arjune tūṣṇīṃ sthite tad-buddhim ākṣipan bhagavān āha aśocyān iti | he arjuna ! aśocyān śocitum ayogyān eva dhārtarāṣṭrāṃs tvaṃ anvaśocaḥ śocitavān asi | tathā māṃ prati prajñā-vādān prajñāvatām iva vacanāni dṛṣṭvemaṃ svajanam ity ādīni, kathaṃ bhīṣmam ity ādīni ca bhāṣase, na ca te prajñā-leśo 'py astīti bhāvaḥ | ye tu prajñāvantas te gatāsūn nirgata-prāṇān sthūla-dehān, agatāsūṃś cānirgata-prāṇān sūkṣma-dehāṃś ca, śabdād ātmanaś ca na śocanti | ayam arthaḥ - śokaḥ sthūla-dehānāṃ vināśitvāt, nāntyaḥ sūkṣma-dehānāṃ mukteḥ prāg avaināśitvāt tadvatām ātmanāṃ tu ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikāra-varjitānāṃ nityatvān na śocyāteti | dehātma-svabhāva-vidāṃ na ko 'pi śoka-hetuḥ | yad-artha-śāstrād dharma-śāstrasya
balavattvam ucyate | tat kila tato 'pi balavatā jñāna-śāstreṇa pratyucyate | tasmād aśocye śocya-bhramaḥ pāmara-sādhāraṇaḥ paṇḍitasya te na yogya iti bhāvaḥ ||11||
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BhG 2.12
na tv evāhaṃ jātu nāsaṃ na tvaṃ neme janādhipāḥ |
na caiva na bhaviṣyāmaḥ sarve vayam ataḥ param ||12||
śrīdharaḥ : aśocyatve hetum āha na tv evāham iti | yathāhaṃ parameśvaro jātu kadācit līlā-vigrahasyāvirbhāva-tirobhāvato nāsam iti tu naiva | api tv āsam eva anāditvāt | na ca tvaṃ nāsīḥ nābhūḥ, api tv āsīr eva | ime vā janādhipā nṛpā nāsann iti na, api tu āsann eva mad-aṃśatvāt | tathātaḥ param ita upary api na bhaviṣyāmo na sthāsyāma iti ca naiva, api tu sthāsyāma eveti janma-maraṇa-śūnyatvād aśocyā ity arthaḥ ||12||
madhusūdanaḥ :
viśvanāthaḥ : athavā sakhe tvām aham evaṃ pṛcchāmi | kiṃ ca prītyāspadasya maraṇe dṛṣṭe sati śoko jāyate, tatreha prītyāspadam ātmā deho vā ? sarveṣām eva bhūtānāṃ nṛpa svātmaiva vallabhaḥ [BhP 10.14.57] iti śukokter ātmaiva prīty-āspadam iti cet tarhi jīveśvara-bhedena dvividhasyaivātmano nityatvād eva maraṇābhāvād ātmā śokasya viṣayo nety āha na tv evāham iti | ahaṃ paramātmā jātu kadācid api pūrvaṃ nāsam iti na, api tv āsam eva | tathā tvam api jīvātmā āsīr eva | tatheme janādhipā rājānaś ca jīvātmāna āsann eveti prāg-abhāvābhāvo darśitaḥ | tathā sarve vayam ahaṃ tvam ime janādhipāś cātaḥ paraṃ na bhaviṣyāmo na sthāsyāma iti na, api tu sthāsyāma eveti dhvaṃsābhāvaś ca darśita iti paramātmano jīvātmanāṃ ca nityatvād ātmā na śoka-viṣaya iti sādhitam
| atra śrutayaḥ - nityo nityānāṃ cetanaś cetanānām eko bahūnāṃ yo vidadhāti kāmān [ŚvetU 6.13] ity ādyāḥ ||12||
baladevaḥ : evam asthāna-śocitvād apāṇḍityam arjunasyāpādya tattva-jijñāsuṃ niyojitāñjaliṃ taṃ prati sarveśvaro bhagavān nityo nityānāṃ cetanaś cetanānām eko bahūnāṃ yo vidadhāti kāmān [ŚvetU 6.13] iti śruti-siddhaṃ svasmāj jīvānāṃ ca pāramarthikaṃ bhedam āha na tv evāham iti | he arjuna ! ahaṃ sarveśvaro bhagavān itaḥ
pūrvasminn ādau kāle jātu kadācin nāsam iti na, api tv āsam eva | tathā tvam arjuno nāsīr iti na, kintv āsīr eva | ime janādhipā rājāno nāsann iti na, kintv āsann eva | tathetaḥ parasminn ante kāle sarve vayam ahaṃ ca tvaṃ ca ime ca na bhaviṣyāma iti na, kintu bhaviṣyāma eveti | sarveśvaravaj jīvānāṃ ca traikālika-sattā-yogitvāt tad-viṣayako na śoko yukta ity arthaḥ | na cāvidyā-kṛtatvād vyavahāriko 'yaṃ bhedaḥ | sarvajñe bhagavaty avidyā-yogāt | idaṃ jñānam upāśritya ity ādinā mokṣe 'pi tasyābhidāsyamānatvāc ca | na cābhedajñasyāpi harer bādhitānuvṛtti-nyāyeneyam arjunādi-bheda-dṛṣṭir iti vācyam | tathā saty upadeśāsiddheḥ | maru-marīcikādāv udaka-buddhir bādhitāpy anuvartamānā mithyārtha-viṣayatva-niścayān nodakāharaṇādau pravartayed evam abheda-bodha-bādhitāpy anuvartamānārjunādi-bheda-dṛṣṭis
tattva-niścayān nopadeśādau pravartayiṣyatīti yat kiñcid etat |
nanu phalavaty ajñāte 'rthe śāstra-tātparya-vīkṣaṇāt tādṛśo 'bhedas tātparya-viṣayo vaiphalyāj jñātatvāc ca | bhedas tad-viṣayo na syāt, kintu adbhyo vā eṣa prātar udety apaḥ sāyaṃ praviśati ity ādi-śruty-arthavad anuvādya eva sa iti cen mandam etat | pṛthag ātmānaṃ preritāraṃ ca matvā juṣṭas tatas tenāmṛtatvam eti [ŚvetU 1.6] ity ādinā bheda evāmṛtatva-phala-śravaṇāt | viruddha-dharmāvacchinna-pratiyogikatayā loke tasyājñātatvāc ca | te ca dharmā vibhutvāṇutva-svāmitva-bhṛtyatvādayaḥ śāstraika-gamyā mitho viruddhā bodhyāḥ | abhedas tv aphalas tatra phalānaṅgīkārāt | ajñātaś ca śaśa-śṛṅgavad asattvāt | tasmāt paramārthikas tad-bhedaḥ siddhaḥ ||12||
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BhG 2.13
dehino 'smin yathā dehe kaumāraṃ yauvanaṃ jarā |
tathā dehāntara-prāptir dhīras tatra na muhyati ||13||
śrīdharaḥ : nanv īśvarasya tava janmādi-śūnyatvaṃ satyam eva, jīvānāṃ tu janma-maraṇe prasiddhe | tatrāha dehina ity ādi | dehino dehābhimānino jīvasya yathāsmin sthūla-dehe kaumārādy-avasthās tad-deha-nibandhanā eva, na tu svataḥ, pūrvāvāsthā-nāśe |vasthāntarotpattāv api sa evāham iti pratyabhijñānāt | tathaiva etad-deha-nāśe dehāntara-prāptir api liṅga-deha-nibandhanaiva | na tāvad ātmano nāśaḥ, jāta-mātrasya pūrva-saṃskāreṇa stanya-pānādau pravṛtti-darśanāt | ato dhīro dhīmān tatra tayor deha-nāśotpattyor na muhyati | ātmaiva mṛto jātaś ceti na manyate ||13||
madhusūdanaḥ :
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu cātma-sambandhena deho 'pi prīty-āspadaṃ syāt, deha-sambandhena putra-bhrātrādayo 'pi, tat-sambandhena tat-putrādayo 'pi | atas teṣāṃ nāśe śokaḥ syād eveti ced ata āha dehina iti | dehino jīvasyāsmin dehe kaumāra kaumāraṃ kaumāra-prāptir bhavati, tataḥ kaumāra-nāśānantaraṃ jarā-prāptir yathā tathaiva dehāntara-prāptir iti | tatas cātma-sambandhināṃ kaumārādīnāṃ prīty-āspadānāṃ nāśe yathā śoko na kriyate tathā dehasyāpi ātma-sambandhinaḥ prītyāspadasya nāśe śoko na kartavyaḥ | yauvanasya nāśe jarā-prāptau śoko jāyate iti cet kaumārasya nāśe yauvana-prāptau harṣo 'pi jāyate ity ato bhīṣma-droṇādīnāṃ jīrṇa-deha-nāśe khalu navya-dehāntara-prāptau tarhi harṣaḥ kriyatām iti bhāvaḥ | yad vā, ekasminn api dehe kaumārādīnāṃ yathā prāptis tathaivaikasyāpi
dehino jīvasya nānā-dehānāṃ prāptir iti ||13||
baladevaḥ : nanu bhīṣmādi-dehāvacchinnānām ātmanāṃ nityatve 'pi tad-dehānāṃ tad-bhogāyatanānāṃ nāśe yuktaḥ śoka iti cet tatrāha dehino 'sminn iti | traikālikā bahavo dehā yasya santi, tasya dehino jīvasyāsmin vartamāne dehe kramāt kaumāra-yauvana-jarās tisro 'vasthā bhavanti | tāsām ātma-sambandhināṃ tad-bhogopayuktānāṃ pūrva-pūrva-vināśena para-para-prāptau yathā na śokas tathaiva tad-deha-vināśe sati dehāntara-prāptir yayāti-yauvana-prāpti-nyāyena harṣa-hetur eveti, na tad-deha-vināśa-hetukaḥ śokas tavocita iti bhāvaḥ | dhīro dhīmān deha-svabhāva-jīva-karma-vipāka-svarūpa-jñaḥ | atra dehina ity eka-vacanaṃ jāty-abhiprāyeṇa bodhyaṃ pūrvatrātma-bahutvokteḥ |
atrāhuḥ - eka eva viśuddhātmā tasyāvidyayāparicchinnasya tasyāṃ pratibimbitasya vā nānātmatvam | śrutiś caivam āha ākāśam ekaṃ hi yathā ghaṭādiṣu pṛthag bhavet, tathātmaiko hy anekastho jalādhāreṣv ivāṃśumān iti | tad-vijñānena tasya vināśe tu tan-nānātva-nivṛttyā tad-aikyaṃ sidhyatīty eka-vacanenaitat pārtha-sārathir āheti | tan-mandaṃ jaḍayā tayā caitanya-rāśeś chedāsambhavāt | tair api tad-viṣayatvānaṅgīkārāc ca | vāstave cchede vikāritvādy-āpattiḥ ṭaṅka-chinna-pāṣāṇavat syāt - nīrūpasya vibhoḥ pratibimbāsambhavāc ca | anyathākāśādi-gādīnāṃ tad-āpattiḥ | na ca pratīty-anyathānupapattir evākāśasya pratibimbe mānaṃ tad-varti-graha-nakṣatra-prabhā-maṇḍalaṃ tasyiavāmbhasi bhāsamānatvena pratīteḥ | ākāśam ekaṃ hi iti śrutis tu paramātma-viṣayā
tasyākāśavat sūryavac ca bahu-vṛttikatvaṃ vadatīty aviruddham | na cātmaikyasyopadeṣṭā sambhavati | sa hi tattvavin na vā ? ādye 'dvitīyam ātmānaṃ vijānatas tasyopadeśyāpari-sphūrtiḥ | antye tv ajñatvād eva nātma-jñānopadeṣṭṛtvam | bādhitānuvṛttyāśrayaṇaṃ tu pūrva-nirastam ||13||
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BhG 2.14
mātrā-sparśās tu kaunteya śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkhadāḥ |
āgamāpāyino 'nityās tāṃs titikṣasva bhārata ||14||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu tān ahaṃ na śocāmi, kintu tad-viyogādi-duḥkha-bhājaṃ mām eveti cet tatrāha mātrā-sparśā iti | mīyante jāyante viṣayā ābhir iti mātrā indriya-vṛttayaḥ, tāsāṃ sparśā viṣayeṣu sambaddhāḥ, te śītoṣṇādi-pradā bhavanti | te tu āgamāpāyitvād anityā asthirāḥ | atas tān titikṣasva sahasva | yathā jalātapādi-saṃsargās tat-tat-kāla-kṛtāḥ svabhāvataḥ śītoṣṇādi prayacchanti evam iṣṭa-saṃyoga-viyogā api sukha-duḥkhāni prayacchanti, teṣāṃ cāsthiratvāt sahanaṃ tava dhīrasyocitaṃ na tu tan-nimitta-harṣa-viṣāda-pāravaśyam ity arthaḥ ||14||
madhusūdanaḥ :
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu satyam eva tattvam | tad apy avivekino mama mana evānarthakāni vṛtahiva śoka-moha-vyāptaṃ duḥkhayatīti | tatra na kevalam ekaṃ mana evāpi tu manaso vṛttayo 'pi sarvās tv agādīndriya-rūpāḥ sva-viṣayān anubhāvyānarthakāriṇya ity āha mātrā indriya-grāhya-viṣayās teṣāṃ sparśā anubhavāḥ | śītoṣṇety āgamāpāyina iti yad eva śītala-jalādikam uṣṇa-kāle sukhadam | tad eva śīta-kāle duḥkhadam ato 'niyatatvād āgamāpāyitvāc ca tān viṣayānubhavān titikṣasva sahasva | teṣāṃ sahanam eva śāstra-vihito dharmaḥ | nahi māghe māsi jalasya duḥkhatva-buddhyaiva śāstre vihitaḥ snāna-rūpo dharmas tyajyate | dharma eva kāle sarvānartha-nivartako bhavati | evam eva ye putra-bhrātrādyotpatti-kāle dhanādy-upārjana-kāle ca sukhadās ta eva mṛtyu-kāle duḥkhadā āgamāpāyino
'nityās tān api titikṣasva | na tu tad-anurodhena yuddha-rūpaḥ śāstra-vihitaḥ sva-dharmas tyājyo vihita-dharmānācaraṇaṃ khalu kāle mahānarthakṛd eveti bhāvaḥ ||14||
baladevaḥ : nanu bhīṣmādayo mṛtāḥ kathaṃ bhaviṣyantīti tad-duḥkha-nimittaḥ śoko mābhūt | tad-viccheda-duḥkha-nimittas tu me mana-prabhṛtīni pradahantīti cet tatrāha mātreti | mātrās tv agādīndriya-vṛttayaḥ mīyante paricchidyante viṣayā abhir iti vyutpatteḥ | sparśās tābhir viṣayāṇām anubhavānte khalu śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkhadā bhavanti | yad eva śītalam udakaṃ grīṣme sukhadaṃ tad eva hemante duḥkhadam ity ato 'niyatatvād āgamāpāyitvāc cānityān asthirāṃs tān titikṣasva sahasva | etad uktaṃ bhavati māgha-snānaṃ duḥkha-karam api dharmatayā vidhānād yathā kriyate tathā bhīṣmādibhiḥ saha yuddhaṃ duḥkha-karam api tathā vidhānāt kāryam eva | tatratyo duḥkhānubhavas tv āgantuko dharma-siddhatvāt soḍhavyaḥ | dharmāj jñānodayena mokṣa-lābhe tūttaratra
tasya nānuvṛttiś ca jñāna-niṣṭhā paripākaṃ vinaiva dharma-tyāgas tv anartha-hetur iti | kaunteya bhārateti padābhyām ubhaya-kula-śuddhasya te dharma-bhraṃśo nocita iti sūcyate ||14||
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BhG 2.15
yaṃ hi na vyathayanty ete puruṣaṃ puruṣarṣabha |
sama-duḥkha-sukhaṃ dhīraṃ so 'mṛtatvāya kalpate ||15||
śrīdharaḥ : tat-pratikāra-prayatnād api tat-sahanam evocitaṃ mahā-phalatvād ity āha yaṃ hīti | ete mātrā-sparśā yaṃ puruṣaṃ na vyathayanti nābhibhavanti | same duḥkha-sukhe sa tam | sa tair avikṣipyamāṇo dharma-jñāna-dvārā amṛtatvāya mokṣāya kalpate yogyo bhavati ||15||
madhusūdanaḥ :
viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ vicāreṇa tat-tat-sahanābhyāse sati te viṣayānubhavāḥ kāle kila nāpi duḥkhayanti | yadi ca na duḥkhayanti, tadātma-muktiḥ sva-pratyāsannaivety āha yam iti | amṛtatvāya mokṣāya ||15||
baladevaḥ : dharmārtha-duḥkha-sahanābhyāsasyottaratra sukha-hetutvaṃ darśayann āha yaṃ hīti | ete mātrā-sparśāḥ priyāpriya-viṣayānubhāvā yaṃ dhīraṃ dhiyam īrayati dharmeṣv iti vyutpatter dharma-niṣṭhaṃ puruṣaṃ na vyathayanti sukha-duḥkha-mūrcchitaṃ na kurvanti so 'mṛtatvāya muktaye kalpyate | na tu tādṛśo duḥkha-sukha-mūrcchita ity arthaḥ | uktam arthaṃ sphuṭayan puruṣaṃ viśinaṣṭi sameti | dharmānuṣṭhānasya kaṣṭa-sādhyatvād duḥkham anuṣaṅga-labdhaṃ sukhaṃ ca yasya samaṃ bhavati tābhyāṃ mukha-mlānitollāsa-rahitam ity arthaḥ ||15||
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BhG 2.16
nāsato vidyate bhāvo nābhāvo vidyate sataḥ |
ubhayor api dṛṣṭo 'ntas tv anayos tattva-darśibhiḥ ||16||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu tathāpi śītoṣṇādikam atiduḥsahaṃ kathaṃ soḍhavyam | atyantaṃ tat-sahane ca kadācid deha-nāśaḥ syād ity āśaṅkya tattva-vicārataḥ sarvaṃ soḍhuṃ śakyam ity āśayenāha nāsato vidyata iti | asato 'nātma-dharmatvād avidyamānasya śītoṣṇāder ātmani bhāvaḥ sattā na vidyate | tathā sataḥ sat-svabhāvasyātmano 'bhāvo nāśo na vidyate | evam ubhayoḥ sad-asator anto nirṇayo dṛṣṭaḥ | kaiḥ ? tattva-darśibhiḥ vastu-yāthārthya-vedibhiḥ | evambhūta-vivekena sahasvety arthaḥ ||16||
madhusūdanaḥ :
viśvanāthaḥ : etac ca viveka-daśān adhirūḍhān prati uktam | vastutas tu asaṅgo hy ayaṃ puruṣaḥ iti śruter jīvātmanaś ca sthūla-sūkṣma-dehābhyāṃ tad-dharmaiḥ śoka-mohādibhiś ca sambandho nāsty eva | tat-sambandhasya avidyā kalpitatvād ity āha neti | asato 'nātma-dharmatvād ātmani jīve avartamānasya śoka-mohādes tad-āśrayasya dehasya ca bhāvaḥ sattā nāsti | tathā sataḥ satya-rūpasya jīvātmano 'bhāvo nāśo nāsti | tasmād ubhayor etayor asat-sator anto nirṇayo 'yaṃ dṛṣṭaḥ | tena bhīṣmādiṣu tvad-ādiṣu ca jīvātmasu satyatvād anaśvareṣu deha-daihika-viveka-śoka-mohādayo naiva santi kathaṃ bhīṣmādayo naṅkṣanti | kathaṃ vā tāṃs tvaṃ śocasīti bhāvaḥ ||16||
baladevaḥ : tad evaṃ bhagavatā pārthasyāsthānāśocitvena tat-pāṇḍityam ākṣiptam | śoka-haraṃ ca svopāsanam eva tac copāsopāsaka-bheda-ghaṭitam ity upāsyāj jīvāṃśinaḥ svasmād upāsakānāṃ jīvāṃśānāṃ tāttvikaṃ dvaitam upadiṣṭam | atha yad ātma-tattvena tu brahma-tattvaṃ dīpopameneha yuktaḥ prapaśyet [ŚvetU 2.15] ity ādāv aṃśa-svarūpa-jñānasyāṃśi-svarūpa-jñānopayogitva-śravaṇāt tad ādau saniṣṭhādīn sarvān pratyaviśeṣeṇopadeśyaṃ tac ca dehātmanor vaidharmya-dhiyam antarā na syād iti tad-vaidharmya-bodhāyārabhyate nāsata ity ādibhiḥ | asataḥ pariṇāmino dehāder bhāvo 'pariṇāmitvaṃ na vidyate | sato ' pariṇāmina ātmanas tv abhāvaḥ pariṇāmitvaṃ na vidyate | dehātmānau pariṇāmāpariṇāma-svabhāvau bhavataḥ | evam ubhayor asat-sac-chabditayor dehātmanor
anto nirṇayas tattva-darśibhis tad-ubhaya-svabhāva-vedibhiḥ puruṣair dṛṣṭo 'nubhūtaḥ | atrāsac-chabdena vinaśvaraṃ dehādi jaḍaṃ sac-chabdena tv avinaśvaram ātma-caitanyam ucyate | evam eva śrī-viṣṇu-purāṇe 'pi nirṇītaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ jyotīṃṣi viṣṇur bhuvanāni viṣṇur [ViP 2.12.38] ity upakramya yad asti yan nāsti ca vipra-varya [?] ity asti | nāsti-śabda-vācyayoś cetana-jaḍayos tathātvaṃ vastv asti kiṃ kutradcid ity ādibhir nirūpitaḥ | tatra nāsti śabda-vācyaṃ jaḍam | asti-śabdavātyaṃ tu caitanyam iti svayam eva vivṛtam | yat tu sat-kārya-vāda-sthāpanāyai tat-padyam ity āhus tan-niravadhānaṃ dehātma-svabhāvānabhijñāna-mohitaṃ prati tan-moha-vinivṛttaye tat-svabhāvābhijñāpanasya prakṛtatvāt ||16||
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BhG 2.17
avināśi tu tad viddhi yena sarvam idaṃ tatam |
vināśam avyayasyāsya na kaścit kartum arhati ||17||
śrīdharaḥ : atra sat-svabhāvam avināśi vastu sāmānyenoktaṃ tataṃ tat-sākṣitvena vyāptaṃ taṃ tu ātma-svarūpam avināśi vināśa-śūnyaṃ viddhi jānīhi | tatra hetum āha vināśam iti ||17||
madhusūdanaḥ :
viśvanāthaḥ : nābhāvo vidyate sataḥ ity asyārthaṃ spaṣṭayati avināśīti | taṃ jīvātma-svarūpaṃ yena sarvam idaṃ śarīraṃ tataṃ vyāptam | nanu śarīra-mātra-vyāpi-caitanyatve jīvātmano madhyama-parimāṇatvena anityatva-prasaktiḥ ? maivam | sūkṣmāṇām apy ahaṃ jīvaḥ iti bhagavad-ukteḥ | eṣoṇur ātmā cetasā veditavyo yasmin prāṇaḥ pañcadhā saṃviveśa iti,
bālāgra-śata-bhāgasya śatadhā kalpitasya ca |
bhāgo jīvaḥ sa vijñeyaḥ [ŚvetU 5.9] iti,
ārāgra-mātro hy aparo 'pi dṛṣṭaḥ iti śrutibhyaś ca tasya paramāṇu-parimāṇatvam eva | tad api sampūrṇa-deha-vyāpi-śaktimattvaṃ jatu-jaṭitasya mahā-maṇer mahauṣadhi-khaṇḍasya vā śirasy urasi vā dhṛtasya sampūrṇa-deha-puṣṭi-karaṇa-śaktimattvam iva nāsamañjasam | svarga-naraka-nānā-yoniṣu gamanaṃ ca tasyopādhi-pāravaśyād eva | tad uktaṃ prāṇam adhikṛtya dattātrayeṇa yena saṃsarate pumān iti | ataevāsya sarva-gatatvam apy agrima-śloke vakṣyamāṇaṃ nāsamañjasam | ataevāvyayasya nityasya nityo nityānāṃ cetanaś cetanānām eko bahūnāṃ yo vidadhāti kāmān [ŚvetU 6.13] iti śruteḥ |
yad vā, nanu deho jīvātmā paramātmety etad vastu-trikaṃ manuṣya-tiryag-ādiṣu sarvatra dṛśyate, tatrādyayor deha-jīvayos tattvaṃ nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ ity anenoktam | tṛtīyasya paramātma-vastunaḥ kiṃ tattvam ity ata āha avināśi tv iti | tu bhinnopakrame | paramātmano māyā-jīvābhyāṃ svarūpataḥ pārthakyād idaṃ jagat ||17||
baladevaḥ : uktaṃ jīvātma-dehayoḥ svabhāvaṃ viśadayaty avināśīti dvābhyām | taj jīvātma-tattvam avināśi nityaṃ viddhi | yena sarvam idaṃ śarīraṃ tataṃ dharma-bhūtena jñānena vyāptam asti | asyāvyayasya parmāṇutvena ca vināśānarhasya vināśaṃ na kaścit sthūlo 'rthaḥ kartum arhati prāṇasyeva dehaḥ | iha jīvātmano deha-parimitatvaṃ na pratyetavyam | eṣo 'ṇur ātmā cetasā veditavyo yasmin prāṇaḥ pañcadhā saṃviveśa [ṃuṇḍU 3.1.9] ity ādiṣu tasya paramāṇutva-śravaṇāt | tādṛśasya nikhila-deha-vyāptis tu dharma-bhūta-jñānenaiva syāt | evam āha bhagavān sūtrakāraḥ - guṇād vālokavad [Vs. 2.3.26] iti | ihāpi svayaṃ vakṣyati yathā prakāśayaty ekaḥ [Gītā 13.33] ity ādinā ||17||
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BhG 2.18
antavanta ime dehā nityasyoktāḥ śarīriṇaḥ |
anāśino 'prameyasya tasmād yudhyasva bhārata ||18||
śrīdharaḥ : āgamāpāya-dharmakaṃ sandarśyati antavanta iti | anto vināśo vidyate yeṣāṃ te antavantaḥ | nityasya sarvadaika-rūpasya śarīriṇaḥ śarīravataḥ | ataevānāśino vināśa-rahitasya aprameyasyaparicchinnasyātmana ime sukha-duḥkhādi-dharmaka-dehā uktās tattva-darśibhiḥ | yasmād evam ātmano na vināśaḥ, na ca sukha-duḥkhādi-sambandhaḥ, tasmān mohajaṃ śoktaṃ tyaktvā yudhyasva | svadharmaṃ mā tyakṣīr ity arthaḥ ||18||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu sphuraṇa-rūpasya sataḥ katham avināśitvaṃ tasya deha-dharmatvād dehasya cānukṣaṇa-vināśād iti bhūta-caitanya-vādinas tān nirākurvann āsato vidyate bhāva ity etad vivṛṇoti antavanta iti | antavanto vināśina ime 'parokṣā dehā upacitāpacita-rūpatvāc charīrāṇi | bahu-vacanāt sthūla-sūkṣma-kāraṇa-rūpā virāṭ-sūtrāvyākṛtākhyāḥ samaṣṭi-vyaṣṭy-ātmanaḥ sarve nityasyāvināśina eva śarīriṇa ādhyāsika-sambandhena śarīravataekasyātmanaḥ sva-prakāśa-sphuraṇa-rūpasya sambandhino dṛśyatvena bhogyatvena coktāḥ śrutibhir brahma-vādibhiś ca | tathā ca taittirīyake 'nnamayādyānandamayānantān pañca kośān kalpayitvā tad-adhiṣṭhānam akalpitaṃ brahma pucchaṃ pratiṣṭhā [TaittU 2.5] iti darśitam | tatra pañcīkṛta-pañca-mahābhūta-tat-kāryātmako
virāṇ-mūrta-rāśir anna-maya-kośaḥ sthūla-samaṣṭiḥ | tat-kāraṇī-bhūto 'pañcīkṛta-pañca-mahā-bhūta-tat-kāryātmako hiraṇyagarbhaḥ sūtram amūrta-rāśiḥ sūkṣma-samaṣṭiḥ trayaṃ vā idaṃ nāma rūpaṃ karma [BAU 1.6.1] iti bṛhad-āraṇyakokta-try-annātmakaḥ sarva-karmātmakatvena kriyā-śakti-mātram ādāya prāṇa-maya-kośa uktaḥ | nāmātmakatvena jñāna-śakti-mātram ādāyamanomaya-kośa uktaḥ | rūpātmakatvena tad-ubhayāśrayatayā kartṛtvam ādāya vijñāna-maya-kośa uktaḥ | tataḥ prāṇa-maya-mano-maya-vijñāna-mayātmaika eva hiraṇyagarbhākhyo liṅga-śarīra-kośaḥ | tat-kāraṇībhūtas tu māyopahita-caitanyātmā sarva-saṃskāra-śeṣo 'vyākṛtākhya ānanda-maya-kośaḥ | te ca sarva ekasyaivātmanaḥ śarīrāṇīty uktam | tasyaiṣa eva śārīra
ātmā yaḥ pūrvasya [TaittU 2.3.4] iti | tasya prāṇa-mayasyaiṣa eva śarīre bhavaḥ śārīra ātmā yaḥ satya-jñānādi-lakṣaṇo guhā-nihitatvenoktaḥ pūrvasyānna-mayasya | evaṃ prāṇa-maya-mano-maya-vijñāna-mayānanda-mayeṣu yojyam |
athaveme sarve dehās trailokya-varti-sarva-prāṇi-sambandhina ekasyaivātmana uktā iti yojanā | tathā ca śrutiḥ -
eko devaḥ sarva-bhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ
sarva-vyāpī sarva-bhūtāntarātmā |
karmādhyakṣaḥ sarva-bhūtādhivāsaḥ
sākṣī ceto kevalo nirguṇaś ca || [ŚvetU 6.11]
iti sarva-śarīra-sambandhinam ekam ātmānaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ darśayati |
nanu nityatvaṃ yāvat-kāla-sthāyitvaṃ tathā cāvidyādivat kālena saha nāśe 'pi tad-upapannam ity ata āha anāśina iti | deśataḥ kālato vastutaś caparicchinasyāvidyādeḥ kalpitatvenānityatve 'pi yāvat-kāla-sthāyi-svarūpam aupacārikaṃ nityatvaṃ vyavahriyate yāvad-vikāraṃ tu vibhāgo lokavat [Vs 2.3.7] iti nyāyāt | ātmanas tu pariccheda-traya-śūnyasyākalpitasya vināśa-hetv-abhāvān mukhyam eva kūṭastha-nityatvaṃ na tu pariṇāmi-nityatvaṃ yāvat-kāla-sthāyitvaṃ cety abhiprāyaḥ |
nanv etādṛśe dehini kiṃcit pramāṇam avaśyaṃ vācyam anyathā niṣpramāṇasya tasyālīkatvāpatteḥ śāstrārambha-vaiyarthyāpatteś ca | tathā ca vastu-paricchedo duṣpariharaḥ śāstra-yonitvāt [Vs 1.1.3] iti nyāyāc ca | ata āha aprameyasyeti | ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyam etad apramayaṃ dhruvam [BAU 4.7.2] apramayam aprameyam |
na tatra sūryo bhāti na candra-tārakaṃ
nemā vidyuto bhānti kuto 'yam agniḥ | [KaṭhU 5.15]
tam eva bhāntam anubhāti sarvaṃ
tasya bhāsā sarvam idaṃ vibhāti [ṃuṇḍU 2.2.10]
iti ca śruteḥ sva-prakāśa-caitanya-rūpa evātmātas tasya sarva-bhāsakasya svabhānārthaṃ na svabhāsyāpekṣā, kintu kalpitājñāna-tat-kārya-nivṛtty-arthaṃ kalpita-vṛtti-viśeṣāpekṣā | kalpitasyaiva kalpita-virodhitvāt | yakṣānurūpo baliḥ iti nyāyāt | tathā ca sarva-kalpita-nivartaka-vṛtti-viśeṣotpatty-arthaṃ śāstrārambhaḥ, tasya tattvam asy ādi-vākya-mātrādhīnatvāt | svataḥ sarvadābhāsamānatvāt sarva-kalpanādhiṣṭhānatvād dṛśyamātra-bhāsakatvāc ca na tasya tucchatvāpattiḥ | tathā caikam evādvitīyaṃ satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ brahmety ādi-śāstram eva sva-prameyānurodhena svasyāpi kalpitatvam āpādayati anyathā sva-prāmāṇyānupapatteḥ |
kalpitasya cākalpita-paricchedakatvaṃ nāstīti prāk-pratipāditam | ātmanaḥ svaprakāśatvaṃ ca yuktito 'pi bhagavat-pūjyapādair upapāditam | tathā hi - yatra jijñāsoḥ saṃśaya-viparyaya-vyatireka-pramāṇānām anyatamam api nāsti tatra tad-virodhi jñānam iti sarvatra dṛṣṭam | anyathā tritayānyatamāpatteḥ | ātmani cāhaṃ vā nāhaṃ veti na kasyacit saṃśayaḥ | nāpi nāham iti viparyayo vyatirekaḥ pramā veti tat-svarūpa-pramā sarvadāstīti vācyaṃ tasya sarva-saṃśaya-viparyaya-dharmitvāt | dharmyaśe sarvam abhrāntaṃ prakāre tu viparyayaḥ iti nyāyāt | ata evoktam -
pramāṇam apramāṇaṃ ca pramābhāsas tathaiva ca |
kurvanty eva pramāṃ yatra tad-asambhāvanā kutaḥ || [Bṛhad-vāmanaP 1.4.874]
pramābhāsaḥ saṃśayaḥ | sva-prakāśe sad-rūpe dharmiṇi pramāṇāpramāṇayor viśeṣo nāstīty arthaḥ | ātmano 'bhāsamānatve ca ghaṭa-jñānaṃ mayi jātaṃ na vety ādi-saṃśayaḥ syāt | na cāntara-padārthe viṣayasyaiva saṃśayādi-pratibandhakatva-svabhāvaḥ | bāhya-padārthe k ptena virodhi-jñānenaiva saṃśayādi-pratibandha-saṃbhava āntara-padārthe svabhāva-bheda-kalpanāyā anaucityāt | anyathā sarva-viplavāpatteḥ | ātma-mano-yoga-mātraṃ cātma-sākṣātkāre hetuḥ | yasya ca jñāna-mātre hetutvād ghaṭādi-bhāne 'py ātma-bhānaṃ samūhālambana-nyāyena tārkikāṇāṃ pravareṇāpi durnivāraṃ | na ca cākṣuṣatva-māna-sattvādi-saṅkaraḥ | laukikatvālaukikatvavad aṃśa-bhedenopapatteḥ | saṅkarasyādoṣatvāc cākṣuṣatvāder jātitvānabhyupagamād vā | vyavasāyamātra
evātmabhāna-sāmagryā vidyamānatvād anuvyavasāyo 'py apāstaḥ | na ca vyavasāya-bhānārthaṃ sa tasya dīpavat sva-vyavahāre sajātīyānapekṣatvāt | na hi ghaṭa-taj-jñānayor iva vyavasāyānuvyavasāyayor api viṣayatva-viṣayitva-vyavasthāpakaṃ vaijātyam asti vyakti-bhedātirikta-vaidharmyānabhyupagamāt | viṣayatvāvacchedaka-rūpeṇaiva viṣayitvābhyupagame ghaṭa-taj-jñānayor api tad-bhāvāpattir aviśeṣāt |
nanu yathā ghaṭa-vyavahārārthaṃ ghaṭa-jñānam abhyupeyate tathā ghaṭa-jñāna-vyavahārārthaṃ ghaṭa-jñāna-viṣayaṃ jñānam abhyupeyaṃ vyavahārāsya vyavahartavya-jñāna-sādhyatvād iti cet | kānupapattir udbhāvitā devānāṃ-priyeṇa sva-prakāśa-vādinaḥ | nahi vyavahartavya-bhinnatvam api jñāna-viśeṣaṇaṃ vyavahāra-hetutāvacchedakaṃ gauravāt | tathā ceśvara-jñānavadyogi-jñānavat prameyam iti jñānavac ca svenaiva sva-vyavahāropapattau na jñānāntara-kalpanāvakāśaḥ | anuvyavasāyasyāpi ghaṭa-jñāna-vyavahāra-hetutvaṃ kiṃ ghaṭa-jñāna-jñānatvena kiṃ vā ghaṭa-jñānatvenaiveti vivecanīyam | ubhayasyāpi tatra sattvāt | tatra ghaṭa-vyavahāre ghaṭa-jñānatvenaiva hetutāyāḥ k ptatvāt tenaiva rūpeṇa ghata-jñāna-vyavahāre,pi hetutopapattau na ghaṭa-jñāna-jñānatvaṃ hetutāvacchedakaṃ
gauravān mānābhāvāc ca | tathā ca nānuvyavasāya-siddhir ekasyaiva vyavasāyasya vayvasātari vyavaseye vyavasāye ca vyavahāra-janakatvopapatter iti tripuṭī-pratyakṣa-vādinaḥ prābhākarāḥ |
aupaniṣadāstu manyante sva-prakāśa-jñāna-rūpa evātmā na svaprakāśa-jñānāśrayaḥ kartṛ-karma-virodhena tad-bhānānupapatteḥ | jñāna-bhinnatve ghaṭādivaj-jaḍatvena kalpitatvāpatteś ca | svaprakāśa-jñāna-mātra-svarūpo 'py ātmāvidyopahitaḥ san sākṣīty ucyate | vṛtti-mad-antaḥkaraṇopahitaḥ pramātety ucyate | tasya cakṣur-ādīni karaṇāni | sa cakṣur-ādi-dvārāntaḥ-karaṇa-pariṇāmena ghaṭādīn vyāpya tad-ākāro bhavati | tato ghaṭāvacchinna-caitanyaṃ pramātra-bhedāt svājñānaṃ nāśayad aparokṣaṃ bhavati | ghaṭaṃ ca svāvacchedakaṃ sva-tādātmyādhyāsād bhāsayati | antaḥ-karaṇa-pariṇāmaś ca vṛttyākhyo 'tisvacchaḥ svāvacchinnenaiva caitanyena bhāsyata ity antaḥ-karaṇa-tad-vṛtti-ghaṭānām aparokṣatā | tad etad ākāra-trayam ahaṃ jānāmi ghaṭam iti | bhāsaka-caitanyasyaika-rūpatve
'pi ghaṭaṃ prati vṛtty-apekṣatvāt pramātṛtā | antaḥkaraṇa-tad-vṛttīḥ prati tu vṛtty-anapekṣatvāt sākṣiteti vivekaḥ | advaita-siddhau siddhānta-bindau ca vistaraḥ |
yasmād evaṃ prāg-ukta-nyāyena ntiyo vibhur asaṃsārī sarvadaika-rūpaś cātmā tasmāt tan-nāśa-śaṅkayā svadharme yuddhe prāk-pravṛttasya tava tasmād uparatir na yukteti yuddhābhyanujñayā bhagavān āha - tasmād yudhyasva bhārateti | arjunasya svadharme yuddhe pravṛttasya tata uparati-kāraṇaṃ śoka-mohau | tau ca vicāra-janitena vijñānena vādhitāv ity apavādāpavāda utsargasya sthitir iti nyāyena yudhyasvety anuvādo na vidhiḥ | yathā kartṛ-karmaṇoḥ kṛti [Pāṇ 2.3.65] ity utsargaḥ | ubhaya-prāptau karmaṇi [Pāṇ 2.3.66] ity apavādaḥ | akākārayoḥ strī-pratyayayoḥ prayoge neti vaktavyam iti tad-apavādaḥ | tathā ca mumukṣor brahmaṇor jijñāsety atrāpavādāpavāde punar utsarga-sthiteḥ kartṛ-karmaṇoḥ kṛtīty anenaiva ṣaṣṭhī | tathā ca karmaṇi ceti niṣedhā-prasārād brahma-jijñāseti karma-ṣaṣṭhī-samāsaḥ
siddho bhavati | kaścit tv etasmād eva vidher mokṣe jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccaya iti pralapati | tac ca yudhyasvety ato mokṣasya jñāna-karma-samuccaya-sādhyatvāpratīteḥ | vistareṇa caitad agre bhagavad-gītā-vacana-virodhenaiva nirākariṣyāmaḥ ||18||
viśvanāthaḥ : nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ ity asyārthaṃ spaṣṭayati antavanta iti | śarīriṇo jīvasyāprameyasyāti-sūkṣmatvād durjñeyasya | tasmād yudhyasva iti śāstra-vihitasya svadharmasya tyāgo 'nucita iti bhāvaḥ ||18||
baladevaḥ : antavanto vināśi-svabhāvāḥ, śarīriṇo jīvātmanaḥ | aprameyasyātisūkṣmatvād vijñāna-vijñātṛ-svarūpatvāc ca pramātum aśakyasyety arthaḥ | tathā cedṛśa-svabhāvatvāj jīva-tad-dehau na śoka-sthānam iti jīvātmano deho dharmānuṣṭānuṣṭhāna-dvārā tasya bhogāya mokṣāya ca pareśena sṛjyate | sa ca sa ca dharmeṇa bhavet tasmād yudhyasva bhārata ||18||
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BhG 2.19
ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ yaś cainaṃ manyate hatam |
ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate ||19||
śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ bhīṣmādi-mṛtyu-nimittaḥ śoko nivāritaḥ, yac cātmano hantṛtva-nimittaṃ duḥkham uktam etān na hantum icchāmi ity ādinā, tad api tavad eva nirnimittam ity āha ya enam iti | enam ātmānam | ātmano hanana-kriyāyāḥ karmatvaṃ kartṛtvam api nāstīty arthaḥ | tatra hetur nāyam iti ||19||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanv evam aśocyān anvaśocacas tvam ity ādinā bhīṣmādi-bandhu-viccheda-nibandhane śoke 'panīte 'pi tad-vadha-kartṛtva-nibandhanasya pāpasya nāsti pratīkāraḥ | nahi yatra śoko nāsti tatra pāpaṃ nāstīti niyamaḥ | dveṣya-brāhmaṇa-vadhe pāpābhāva-prasaṅgāt | ato 'haṃ kartā tvaṃ preraka iti dvayor api hiṃsā-nimitta-pātakāpatter ayuktam idaṃ vacanaṃ tasmād yudhyasva bhāratety āśaṅkya kāṭhaka-paṭhitaya rcā pariharati bhagavān ya enam iti |
enaṃ prakṛtaṃ dehinam adṛśyatvādi-guṇakaṃ yo hantāraṃ hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartāraṃ vetti aham asya hanteti vijānāti | yaś cānya enaṃ manyate hataṃ hanana-kriyāyāḥ karma-bhūtaṃ deha-hananena hato 'ham iti vijānāti | tāv ubhau dehābhimānitvād enam avikāriṇam akāraka-svabhāvam ātmānaṃ na vijānīto na vivekena jānītaḥ śāstrāt | kasmāt yasmān nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate kartā karma ca na bahvatīty arthaḥ |
atra ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ hataṃ cety etāvati vaktavye padānām āvṛttir vākyālaṅkārārthā | athavā ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ tārkikādir ātmanaḥ kartṛtvābhyupagamāt | tathā yaś cainaṃ manyate hataṃ cārvākādir ātmano vināśitvābhyupagamāt | tāv ubhau na vijānīta iti yojyam | vādi-bheda-khyāpanāya pṛthag upanyāsaḥ | atiśūrātikātara-viṣayatayā vā pṛthag-upadeśaḥ | hantā cen manyate hantuṃ hataś cen manyate hatam [KaṭhU 1.2.19] iti pūrvārdhe śrautaḥ pāṭhaḥ ||19||
viśvanāthaḥ : bho vayasya arjuna ! tvam ātmā | na hanteḥ kartā, nāpi hanteḥ karma ity āha ya iti | enaṃ jīvātmānaṃ hantāraṃ vetti bhīṣmādīn arjuno hantīti yo vettīty arthaḥ, hatam iti bhīṣmādibhir arjuno hanyate iti yo vetti, tāv ubhāv apy ajñāninau | ato 'rjuno 'yaṃ guru-janaṃ hantīty ajñāni-loka-gītād duryaśaḥ kā te bhītir iti bhāvaḥ ||19||
baladevaḥ : uktam avināśitvaṃ draḍhayati | enam ukta-svabhāvam ātmānaṃ jīvaṃ yo hantāraṃ khaḍgādinā hiṃsakaṃ vetti yaś cainaṃ tena hataṃ hiṃsitaṃ manyate tāv ubhau tat-svarūpaṃ na vijānītaḥ | atisūkṣmasya caitanyasya tasya chedādy-asambhavān nāyam ātmā hanti na hanyate | hanteḥ kartā karma ca bhavatīty arthaḥ | hanter deha-viyogārthatvān na tenātmanāṃ nāśo mantavyaḥ | śrutiś caivam āha - hantā cen manyate hantuṃ hataś cen manyate hatam [KaṭhU 1.2.19] ity ādinā | etena mā hiṃsyāt sarva-bhūtāni ity ādi-vākyaṃ deha-viyoga-paraṃ vyākhyātam | na cātrātmanaḥ kartṛtvaṃ prasiddham iti vācyam | deha-viyojane tat tasya sattvāt ||19||
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BhG 2.20
na jāyate mriyate vā kadācin
nāyaṃ bhūtvā bhavitā vā na bhūyaḥ |
ajo nityaḥ śāśvato 'yaṃ purāṇo
na hanyate hanyamāne śarīre ||20||
śrīdharaḥ : na hanyata ity etad eva ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikāra-śūnyatvena draḍhayati neti | na jāyata ity ādi | na jāyata iti janma-pratiṣedhaḥ | na mriyata iti vināśa-pratiṣedhaḥ | vā-śabdau cārthe | na cāyaṃ bhūtvā utpadya bhavitā bhavati astitvaṃ bhajate, kintu prāg eva svataḥ sad-rūpa iti janmāntarāstitva-lakṣaṇa-dvitīya-vikāra-pratiṣedhaḥ | tatra hetuḥ yasmād ajaḥ | yo hi na jāyate sa hi janmāntaram astitvaṃ bhajate, na tu yaḥ svayam evāsti sa bhūyo 'pi anyad astitvaṃ bhajate ity arthaḥ | nityaḥ sarvdaika-rūpa iti vṛddhi-pratiṣedhaḥ | śāśvataḥ śaśvad-bhava iti apakṣaya-pratiṣedhaḥ | purāṇa iti vipariṇāma-pratiṣedhaḥ | purāpi nava eva na tu pariṇāmataḥ rūpāntaraṃ prāpya navo bhavatīty arthaḥ |
yad vā na bhavitety asyānuṣaṅgaṃ kṛtvā bhūyo 'dhikaṃ yathā bhaviteti tathā na bhavatīti vṛddhi-pratiṣedhaḥ | ajo nitya iti cobhaya-vṛddhy-ādy-abhāve hetur iti na paunaruktyam | tad evaṃ jāyate asti vardhate vipariṇamate apakṣīyate naśyaty evaṃ yāskādibhir veda-vādibhir uktāḥ ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikārā nirastāḥ | yad artham ete vikārā nirastās taṃ prastutaṃ vināśābhāvam upasaṃharati na hanyate hanyamāne śarīra iti ||20||
madhusūdanaḥ : kasmād ayam ātmā hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartā karma ca na bhavati ? avikriyatvād ity āha dvitīyena mantreṇa | jāyate 'sti vardhate vipariṇamate 'pakṣīyate vinaśyatīti ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikārā iti vārṣyāyaṇiḥ iti nairuktāḥ | tatrādy-antayor niṣedhaḥ kriyate na jāyate mriyate veti | vā-śabdaḥ samuccayārthaḥ | na jāyate na mriyate cety arthaḥ | kasmād ayam ātmā notpadyate ? yasmād ayam ātmā kadācit kasminn api kāle na bhūtvābhūtvā prāg bhūyaḥ punar api bhavitā na | yo hy abhūtvā bhavati sa utpatti-lakṣaṇāṃ vikriyām anubhavati | ayaṃ tu prāg api sattvādyato notpadyate 'to 'jaḥ | tathāyam ātmā bhūtvā prāk kadācid bhūyaḥ punar na bhavitā | na vā-śabdād vākya-vipari-vṛttiḥ | yo hi prāg-bhūtvottara-kāle na bhavati sa mṛt-lakṣaṇāṃ vikriyām anubhavati | ayaṃ tūttara-kāle
'pi sattvādyato na miryate 'to nityo vināśāyogya ity arthaḥ | atra na bhūtvety atra samāsābhāve 'pi nānupapattir nānuyojeṣv ativat | bhagavatā pāṇininā mahā-vibhāṣādhikāre nañ-samāsa-pāṭhāt | yat tu kātyāyanenoktaṃ samāsa-nityatābhiprāyeṇa vā-vacanānarthakyaṃ tu svabhāva-siddhatvāt iti tad-bhagavat-pāṇiini-vacana-virodhād anādeyam | tad uktam ācārya-śavara-svāminā - asad-vādī hi kātyāyanaḥ iti |
atra na jāyate mriyate veti pratijñā | kadācin nāyaṃ bhūtvā bhavitā vā na bhūya iti tad-upapādanam | ajo nitya iti tad-upasaṃhāra iti vibhāgaḥ | ādyantayor vikārayor niṣedhena madhyavarti-vikārāṇāṃ tad-vyāpyānāṃ niṣedhe jāte 'pi gamanādi-vikārāṇām anuktānām apy upalakṣaṇāyāpakṣayaś ca vṛddhiś ca sva-śabdenaiva nirākriyete | tatra kūṭastha-nityatvād ātmano nirguṇatvāc ca na svarūpato guṇato vāpakṣayaḥ sambhavatīty uktaṃ śāśvata iti | śaśvat sarvadā bhavati nāpakṣīyate nāpacīyata ity arthaḥ | yadi nāpakṣīyate tarhi vardhatām iti nety āha purāṇa iti | purāpi nava eka-rūpo na tv adhunā nūtanāṃ kāñcid avasthām anubhavati | yo hi nūtanāṃ kāñcid upacayāvasthām anubhavati sa vardhata ity ucyate loke | ayaṃ tu sarvadaika-rūpatvān nāpacīyate nopacīyate cety arthaḥ | astitva-vipariṇāmau
tu janma-vināśāntarbhūtatvāt pṛthaṅ na niṣiddhau | yasmād evaṃ sarva-vikāra-śūnya ātmā tasmāc charīre hanyamāne tat-sambaddho 'pi kenāpy upāyena na hanyate na hantuṃ śakyata ity upasaṃhāraḥ ||20||
viśvanāthaḥ : jīvātmano nityatvaṃ spaṣṭatayā sādhayati na jāyate miryate iti janma-maraṇayor vartamānatva-niṣedhaḥ | nāyaṃ bhūtvā bhavitā iti tayor bhūtatva-bhaviṣyatva-niṣedhaḥ | ataeva aja iti kāla-traye 'pi ajasya janmābhāvān nāsya prāg-abhāvaḥ | śāśvataḥ śaśvat sarva-kāla eva vartata iti nāsya kāla-traye 'pi dhvaṃsaḥ | ataevāyaṃ nityaḥ | tarhi bahu-kāla-sthāyitvāj jarā-grasto 'yam iti cen na | purāṇaḥ purāpi navaḥ prācīno 'py ayaṃ navīna iveti ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikārābhāvād iti bhāvaḥ | nanu śarīrasya maraṇād aupacārikaṃ tu maraṇam asyāstu ? tatrāha neti | śarīreṇa saha sambaddhābhāvāt na upacāraḥ ||20||
baladevaḥ : atha jāyate asti vardhate viparaṇamate apakṣīyate vinaśyati iti yāskādy-ukta-ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikāra-rāhityena prāg-ukta-nityatvaṃ draḍhayati na jāyate iti | cārthe vā-śabdau | ayam ātmā jīvaḥ kadācid api kāle na jāyate na mriyate ceti janma-vināśayoḥ pratiṣedhaḥ | na cāyam ātmā bhūtvotpadya bhavitā bhaviṣyatīti janmāntarasyāstitvasya pratiṣedhaḥ | na bhūya iti ayam ātmā bhūyo 'dhikaṃ yathā syāt tathā na bhavatīti buddheḥ pratiṣedhaḥ | kuto bhūyo na bhavatīty atra hetur ajo nitya iti | utpatti-vināśa-yogī khalu vṛkṣādir utpadya vṛddhiṃ gacchan naṣṭaḥ | ātmanas tu tad-ubhayābhāvāt na vṛddhir ity arthaḥ | śāśvata ity apakṣayasya pratiṣedhaḥ | śaśvat sarvadā bhavati nāpakṣīyate nāpakṣayaṃ bhajatīty arthaḥ | purāṇa iti vipariṇāmasya pratiṣedhaḥ | purāṇaṃ
purāpi navo na tu kiṃcin nūtanaṃ rūpāntaram adhunā na labdha ity arthaḥ | tad evaṃ ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikāra-śūnyatvād ātmā nityaḥ | yasmād īdṛśas tasmāc charīre hanyamāne 'pi sa na hanyate | tathā cārjuno 'yaṃ guru-hantety avijñoktyā duṣkīrter abibhyatā tvayā śāstrīyaṃ dharma-yuddhaṃ vidheyam ||20||
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BhG 2.21
vedāvināśinaṃ nityaṃ ya enam ajam avyayam |
kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ pārtha kaṃ ghātayati hanti kam ||21||
śrīdharaḥ : ataeva hantṛtvābhāvo 'pi pūrvoktaḥ prasiddha ity āha vedāvināśinam ity ādi | nityaṃ vṛddhi-śūnyam | avyayam apakṣaya-śūnyam | ajam avināśinaṃ ca | yo veda sa puruṣaḥ kaṃ hanti | kathaṃ vā hanti ? evaṃ-bhūtasya vadhe sādhanābhāvāt | tathā svayaṃ prayojako bhūtvānyena kaṃ ghātayati ? kathaṃ vā ghātayati ? na kiñcid api | na kathañcid api ity arthaḥ | anena mayy api prayojakatvād doṣa-dṛṣṭiṃ mā kārṣīr ity uktaṃ bhavati ||21||
madhusūdanaḥ : nāyaṃ hanti na hanyata iti pratijñāya na hanyata ity upapāditam idānīṃ na hantīty upapādayann upasaṃharati | na vinaṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yasya tam avināśinam antya-vikāra-rahitam | tatra hetuḥ - avyayaṃ na vidyate vyayo 'vayavāpacayo guṇāpacayo vā yasya tam avyayam | avayavāpacayena guṇāpacayena vā vināśa-darśanāt tad-ubhaya-rahitasya na vināśaḥ sambhavatīty arthaḥ |
nanu janyatvena vināśitvam anumāsyāmahe nety āha - ajam iti | na jāyate ity ajam ādya-vikāra-rahitam | tatra hetuḥ - nityaṃ sarvadā vidyāmānaṃ, prāg-avidyamānasya hi janma dṛṣṭaṃ na tu sarvatā sata ity abhiprāyaḥ |
athavāvināśinam abādhyaṃ satyam iti yāvat | nityaṃ sarva-vyāpakam | tatra hetuḥ - ajam avyayaṃ | janma-vināśa-śūnyaṃ jāyamānasya vinaśyataś ca sarva-vyāpakatva-satyatvayor ayogāt |
evaṃ sarva-vikriyā-śūnyaṃ prakṛtam enaṃ dehinaṃ svam ātmānaṃ yo veda vijānāti śāstrācāryopadeśābhyāṃ sākṣātkaroti ahaṃ sarva-vikriyā-śūnyaḥ sarva-bhāsakaḥ sarva-dvaita-rahitaḥ paramānanda-bodha-rūpa iti sa evaṃ vidvān puruṣaḥ pūrṇa-rūpaḥ kaṃ hanti ? kathaṃ hanti ? kiṃ-śabda ākṣepe | na kam api hanti na katham api hantīty arthaḥ | tathā kaṃ ghātayati kathaṃ ghātayati kam api na ghātayati katham api na ghātayatīty arthaḥ | nahi sarva-vikāra-śūnyasyākartur hanana-kriyāyāṃ kartṛtvaṃ sambhavati | tathā ca śrutiḥ -
ātmānaṃ ced vijānīyād ayam asmīti pūruṣaḥ |
kim icchan kasya kāmāya śarīram anusaṃjvaret || [BAU 4.4.12]
iti śuddham ātmānaṃ viduṣas tad-ajñāna-nibandhanādhyāsa-nivṛttau tan-mūla-rāga-dveṣādy-abhāvāt-kartṛtva-bhoktṛtvādy-abhāvaṃ darśayati |
ayam atrābhiprāyo bhagavataḥ | vastu-gatyā ko 'pi nakaroti na kārayati ca kiṃcit sarva-vikriyā-śūnya-svabhāvatvāt paraṃ tu svapna ivāvidyayā kartṛtvādikam ātmany abhimanyate mūḍhaḥ | tad uktam ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ [Gītā 2.19] iti | śrutiś ca - dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva [BAU 4.3.7] ity ādiḥ | ataeva sarvāṇi śāstrāṇy avidvad-adhikārikāṇi | vidvāṃs tu samūlādhyāsa-bādhān nātmani kartṛtvādikam abhimanyate sthāṇu-svarūpaṃ vidvān iva coratvam | ato vikriyā-rahitatvād advitīyatvāc ca vidvān na karoti kārayati cety ucyate | tathā ca śrutiḥ -- vidvān na bibheti kutaścana [TaittU 2.9.1] iti | arjuno hi svasmin kartṛtvaṃ bhagavati ca kārayitṛtvam adhyasya hiṃsā-nimittaṃ doṣam ubhayatrāpy āśaśaṅke | bhagavān api viditābhiprāyo hanti ghātayatīti tad-ubhayam ācikṣepa | ātmani kartṛtvaṃ mayi ca kārayitṛtvam
āropya pratyavāya-śaṅkāṃ mā kārṣīr ity abhiprāyaḥ |
avikriyatva-pradarśanenātmanaḥ kartṛtva-pratiṣedhāt sarva-karmākṣepe bhagavad-abhiprete hantir upalakṣaṇārthaḥ puraḥ-sphūrtikatvāt | pratiṣedha-hetos tulyatvāt karmāntarābhyanujñānupapatteḥ | tathā ca vakṣyati tasya kāryaṃ na vidyata [Gītā 3.17] iti | ato 'tra hanana-mātrākṣepeṇa karmāntaraṃ bhagavatābhyanujñāyata iti mūḍha-jana-jalpitam apāstam | tasmād yudhyasvety atra hananasya bhagavatābhyanujñānād vāstava-kartṛtvādy-abhāvasya karma-mātre samatvād iti dik ||21||
viśvanāthaḥ : ata evambhūta-jñāne sati tvaṃ yudhyamāno 'pi ahaṃ yuddhe prerayann api doṣa-bhājau naiva bhavāva ity āha vedeti | nityam iti kriyā-viśeṣaṇam | avināśinam iti, ajam iti, avyayam ity etair vināśa-janyā apekṣayā niṣiddhāḥ | sa puruṣo mal-lakṣaṇaḥ kaṃ ghātayati, kathaṃ vā ghātayati, sa puruṣas tval-lakṣaṇaḥ kaṃ hanti ? kathaṃ vā hanti ? ||21||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ tattva-jñānavān yo dharma-buddhyā yuddhe pravartate yaś ca pravartayati, tasya tasya ca ko 'pi na doṣa-gandha ity āha vedeti | enaṃ prakṛtam ātmānam avināśinam ajam avyayam apakṣaya-śūnyaṃ ca yo veda śāstra-yuktibhyāṃ jānāti, sa puruṣo yuddhe pravṛtto 'pi kaṃ hanti kathaṃ vā hanti ? tatra pravartayann api kaṃ ghātayati kathaṃ vā ghātayati ? kim ākṣepe - na kam api na katham apīty arthaḥ | ntiyam iti vedana-kriyā-viśeṣaṇam ||21||
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BhG 2.22
vāsāṃsi jīrṇāni yathā vihāya
navāni gṛhṇāti naro 'parāṇi |
tathā śarīrāṇi vihāya jīrṇāni
anyāni saṃyāti navāni dehī ||22||
śrīdharaḥ : nanv ātmano 'vināśe 'pi tadīya-śarīra-nāśaṃ paryālocya śocāmīiti cet ? tatrāha vāsāṃsīti | karmaṇi bandhanānāṃ nūtanānāṃ dehānām avaśyambhāvitvāt na taj-jīrṇa-deha-nāśe śokāvakāśa ity arthaḥ ||22||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanv evam ātmano vināśitvābhāve 'pi dehānāṃ vināśitvād yuddhasya ca tan-nāśakatvāt kathaṃ bhīṣmādi-dehānām aneka-sukṛta-sādhanānāṃ mayā yuddhena vināśaḥ kārya ity āśaṅkāyā uttaram vāsāṃsīti |
jīrṇāni vihāya vastrāṇi navāni gṛhṇāti vikriyā-śūnya eva naro yathety etāvataiva virvāhe 'parāṇīit viśeṣaṇam utkarṣātiśaya-khyāpanārtham | tena yathā nikṛṣṭāni vastrāṇi vihāyotkṛṣṭāni jano gṛhṇātīty aucityāyātam | tathā jīrṇāni vayasā tapasā ca kṛśāni bhīṣmādi-śarīrāṇi vihāyānyāni devādi-śarīrāṇi sarvotkṛṣṭāni ciropārjita-dharma-phala-bhogāya saṃyāti samyag-garbha-vāsādi-kleśa-vyatirekeṇa prāpnoti dehī prakṛṣṭa-dharmānuṣṭhātṛ-dehavān bhīṣmādir ity arthaḥ | anyan navataraṃ kalyāṇataraṃ rūpaṃ kurute pitryaṃ vā gandharvaṃ vā daivaṃ vā prājāpatyaṃ vā brāhmaṃ vā ity ādi śruteḥ |
etad uktaṃ bhavati bhīṣmādayo hi yāvaj jīvaṃ dharmānuṣṭhāna-kleśenaiva jarjara-śarīrā vartamāna-śarīra-pātam antareṇa tat-phala-bhogāyāsam arthā yadi dharma-yuddhena svarga-pratibandhakāni jarjarāṇi śarīrāṇi pātayitvā divya-deha-sampādanena svarga-bhoga-yogyāḥ kriyante tvayā tad-atyantam upakṛtvā eva te | duryodhanādīnām api svarga-bhoga-yogya-deha-sampādanān mahān upakāra eva | tathā cātyantam upakārake yuddhe 'pakārakatva-bhramaṃ mā kārṣīr iti | aparāṇi anyāni saṃyātīti pada-traya-vaśād bhagavad-abhiprāya evam abhyūhitaḥ | anena dṛṣṭāntenāvikṛta-pratipādanam ātmanaḥ kriyata iti tu prācāṃ vyākhyānam atispaṣṭam ||22||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu madīya-yuddhād bhīṣma-saṃjñakaṃ śarīraṃ tu jīvātmā tyakṣyaty eva ity atas tvaṃ cāhaṃ ca tatra hetu bhavāva eva ity ata āha vāsāṃsīti | navīnaṃ vastraṃ paridhāpayituṃ jīrṇa-vastrasya tyajane kaścit kiṃ doṣo bhavatīti bhāvaḥ | tathā śarīrāṇīti bhīṣmo jīrṇa-śarīraṃ parityajya divyaṃ navyaṃ anyac charīraṃ prāpsyatīti kas tava vā mama vā doṣo bhavatīti bhāvaḥ ||22||
baladevaḥ : nanu mā bhūd ātmanāṃ vināśo bhīṣmādi-saṃjñānāṃ tac-charīrāṇāṃ tat-sukha-sādhanānāṃ yuddhena vināśe tat-sukha-viccheda-hetuko doṣaḥ syād eva | anyathā prāyaścitta-śāstrāṇi nirviṣayāṇi syur iti cet tatrāha vāsāṃsīti | sthūla-jīrṇa-vāsas-tyāgena navīna-vāso-dhāraṇam iva vṛddha-nṛ-deha-tyāgena yuva-deva-deha-dhāraṇaṃ teṣām ātmanām atisukhakaram eva | tad ubhayaṃ ca yuddhenaiva kṣipraṃ bhaved ity upakārakāt tasmān mā viraṃsīr iti bhāvaḥ | saṃyātīti samyag-garbha-vāsādi-yātanāṃ vinaiva śīghram eva prāpnotīty arthaḥ | prāyaścitta-vākyāni tu yajña-yuddha-vadhād anyasmin vadhe neyāni ||22||
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BhG 2.23
nainaṃ chindanti śastrāṇi nainaṃ dahati pāvakaḥ |
na cainaṃ kledayanty āpo na śoṣayati mārutaḥ ||23||
śrīdharaḥ : kathaṃ hantīti anena uktaṃ vadha-sādhanābhāvaṃ darśayann avināśitvam ātmanaḥ sphuṭīkaroti nainam ity ādi | āpo kledayanti mṛdu-karaṇena śithilaṃ na kurvanti | māruto 'py enaṃ na śoṣayati ||23||
madhusūdanaḥ :
viśvanāthaḥ : na ca yuddhe tvayā prayuktebhyaḥ śastrāstrebhyaḥ kāpy ātmano vyathā sambhaved ity āha nainam iti | śastrāṇi khaḍgādīni | pāvaka āgneyāstram api yuṣmad-ādi-prayuktam | āpaḥ pārjanyāstram api | māruto vāyavyāstram ||23||
baladevaḥ : nanu śastra-pātaiḥ śarīra-vināśe tad-antaḥ-sthasyātmano vināśaḥ syāt gṛha-dāhe tan-madhya-sthasyaiva jantor iti cet tatrāha nainam iti | śastrāṇi khaḍgādīni | pāvaka āgneyāstram | āpaḥ pārjanyāstram api | māruto vāyavyāstram | tathā ca tat-prayuktaiḥ śastrāstrair nātmanaḥ kācid vyatheti ||23||
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BhG 2.24
acchedyo 'yam adāhyo 'yam akledyo 'śoṣya eva ca |
nityaḥ sarva-gataḥ sthāṇur acalo 'yaṃ sanātanaḥ ||24||
śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetum āha acchedya ity ādinā sārdhena | niravayavatvād acchedyo 'kledyaś ca | amūrtatvād adāhyaḥ | dravatvābhāvād aśoṣya iti bhāvaḥ | itaś ca chedādi-yogyo na bhavati | yato nityo 'vināśī | sarva-gataḥ sthāṇuḥ sthira-svabhāvo rūpāntarāpatti-śūnyaḥ | acalaḥ pūrva-rūpāparityāgī | sanātano 'nādiḥ ||24||
madhusūdanaḥ : śastrādīnāṃ tan-nāśakatvāsāmarthye tasya taj-janita-nāśānarhatve hetum āha acchedya iti | yato 'cchedyo 'yam ato nainaṃ chindanti śastrāṇi | adāhyo 'yaṃ yato 'to nainaṃ dahati pāvakaḥ | yato 'kledyo 'yam ato nainaṃ kledayanty āpaḥ | yato 'śoṣyo 'yam ato nainaṃ śoṣayati māruta iti krameṇa yojanīyam | eva-kāraḥ pratyekaṃ sambadhyamāno 'cchedyatvādy-avadhāraṇārthaḥ | caḥ samuccaye hetau vā | chedādy-anarhatve hetum āhottarārdhena |
nityo 'yaṃ pūrvāpara-koṭi-rahito 'to 'nutpādyaḥ | asarvagatatve hy anityatvaṃ syāt | yāvad-vikāraṃ tu vibhāgaḥ iti nyāyāt parābhyupagata-paramāṇv-ādīnām anabhyupagamāt | ayaṃ tu sarva-gato vibhur ato nitya eva | etena prāpyatvaṃ parākṛtam | yadi cāyaṃ vikārī syāt tadā sarva-gato na syāt | ayaṃ tu sthāṇur avikārī | ataḥ sarva-gata eva | etena vikāryatvam apākṛtam | yadi cāyaṃ calaḥ kriyāvān syāt tadā vikārī syād ghaṭādivat | ayaṃ tv acalo 'to na vikārī | etena saṃskāryatvaṃ nirākṛtam | pūrvāvasthā-parityāgenāvasthāntarāpattir vikriyā | avasthaikye 'pi calana-mātraṃ kriyeti viśeṣaḥ | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt sanātano 'yaṃ sarvadaika-rūpo na kasyā api kriyāyāḥ karmety arthaḥ | utpatty-āpti-vikṛti-saṃskṛty-anyatara-kriyā-phala-yoge hi karmatvaṃ syāt | ayaṃ tu nityatvān notpādyaḥ | anityasyaiva
ghaṭāder utpādyatvāt | sarvagatatvān na prāpyaḥ paricchinnasyaiva paya-ādeḥ prāpyatvāt | sthāṇutvād avikāryaḥ | vikriyāvato ghṛtāder eva vikāryatvāt | acalatvād asaṃskāryaḥ sakriyasyaiva darpaṇādeḥ saṃskāryatvāt | tathā ca śrutayaḥ - ākāśavat sarva-gataś ca nityaḥ [ChāU 3.14.3], vṛkṣa iva stabdho divi tiṣṭhaty ekaḥ [ŚvetU 3.9], niṣkalaṃ niṣkriyaṃ śāntaṃ [ŚvetU 6.19], ity ādayaḥ | yaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhan pṛthivyā antaro yo 'psu tiṣṭhann adbhyo 'ntaro yas tejasi tiṣṭhaṃs tejaso 'ntaro yo vāyau tiṣṭan vāyor antaraḥ [BAU 3.7.3 ff] ity ādyā ca śrutiḥ sarvagatasya sarvāntaryāmitayā tad-aviṣayatvaṃ darśayati | yo hi śastrādau na tiṣṭhati taṃ śastrādayaś chindanti | ayaṃ tu śastrādīnāṃ sattā-sphūrti-pradatvena tat-prerakas tad-antaryāmī | ataḥ katham enaṃ śastrādīni
sva-vyāpāra-viṣayī kuryur ity abhiprāyaḥ | atra yena sūryas tapati tejaseddhaḥ [Taitt. Br. 3.12.97] ity ādi śrutayo 'nusandheyāḥ | saptamādhyāye ca prakaṭīkariṣyati śrī-bhagavān iti dik ||24||
viśvanāthaḥ : tasmād ātmāyam evam ucyata ity āha acchedya iti | atra prakaraṇe jīvātmano nityatvasya śabdato 'rthataś ca paunaruktyaṃ nirdhāraṇa-prayojakaṃ sandigdhadhīṣu jñeyam | yathā kalāv asmin dharmo 'sti dharmo 'stīti tri-caturdhā-prayogād dharmo 'sty eveti niḥsaṃśayā pratītiḥ syād iti jñeyam | sarva-gataḥ svakarma-vaśād deva-manuṣya-tiryag-ādi-sarva-deha-gataḥ | sthāṇur acala iti paunaruktyaṃ sthairya-nirdhāraṇārtham | atisūkṣmatvād avyaktas tad api deha-vyāpi-caitanyatvād acintyo 'tarkyaḥ | janmādi-ṣaḍ-vikārānarhatvād avikāryaḥ ||24-25||
baladevaḥ : chedādy-abhāvād eva tat-tan-nāmabhir ayam ākhyāyata ity āha acchedyo 'yam iti | eva-kāraḥ sarvaiḥ sambadhyate | sarva-gataḥ sva-karma-hetukeṣu deva-mānavādiṣu paśu-pakṣy-ādiṣu ca sarveṣu śarīreṣu paryāyeṇa gataḥ prāpto 'pīty arthaḥ | sthāṇuḥ sthira-svarūpaḥ | acalaḥ sthira-guṇakaḥ | avināśī vā are 'yam ātmānucchitti-dharmā [Bau 4.5.14] iti śruter ity arthaḥ | na cānucchittir eva dharmo yasyeti vyākhyeyaṃ tasyārthasyāvināśīty anenaiva lābhāt | tasmād anucchittayo nityā dharmā yasya sa tathety evārthaḥ | sanātanaḥ śāśvataḥ paunarukta-doṣas tv agre parihariṣyate ||24||
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BhG 2.25
avyakto 'yam acintyo 'yam avikāryo 'yam ucyate |
tasmād evaṃ viditvainaṃ nānuśocitum arhasi ||25||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca avyakta iti | avyaktaś cakṣur-ādy-aviṣayaḥ | acintyo manaso 'py aviṣayaḥ | avikāryaḥ karmendriyāṇām apy agocara ity arthaḥ | ucyata iti nityatvādibhiyuktoktiṃ pramāṇayati | upasaṃharati tasmād evam ity ādi | tad evam ātmano janma-vināśābhāvān na śokaḥ kārya ity uktam ||25||
madhusūdanaḥ : chedyatvādi-grāhaka-pramāṇa-bhāvād api tad-abhāva ity āha - avyakto 'yam ity-ādy-ardhena | yo hīndriya-gocaro bhavati sa pratyakṣatvād vyakta ity ucyate | ayaṃ tu rūpādi-hīnatvān na tathā | ato na pratyakṣaṃ tatra cchedyatvādi-grāhakam ity arthaḥ |
pratyakṣābhāve 'py anumānaṃ syād ity ata āha acintyo 'yaṃ cintyo 'numeyas tad-vilakṣaṇo 'yam | kvacit pratyakṣo hi vahny-ādir gṛhīta-vyāptikasya dhūmāder darśanāt kvacid anumeyo bhavati | apratyakṣe tu vyāpti-grahaṇāsambhavān nānumeyatvam iti bhāvaḥ | apratyakṣasyāpīndriyādeḥ sāmānyato dṛṣṭānumāna-viṣayatvaṃ dṛṣṭam ata āha avikāryo 'yaṃ yad vikriyāvac cakṣur-ādikaṃ tat-svakāryānyathānupapattyā kalpyamānam arthāpatteḥ sāmānyatodṛṣṭānumānasya ca viṣayo bhavati | ayaṃ tu na vikāryo na vikriyāvān ato nārthāpatteḥ sāmānyato-dṛṣṭasya vā viṣaya ity arthaḥ | laukika-śabdasyāpi pratyakṣādi-pūrvakatvāt tan-niṣedhenaiva niṣedhaḥ |
nanu vedenaiva tatra ccehdyatvādi grahīṣyata ity ata āha - ucyate vedena sopakaraṇenācchedyāvyaktādi-rūpa evāyam ucyate tātparyeṇa pratipādyate | ato na vedasya tat-pratipādikasyāpi cchedyatvādi-pratipādakatvam ity arthaḥ |
atra nainaṃ chindanti [Gītā 2.23] ity atra śastrādīnāṃ tan-nāśaka-sāmarthyābhāva uktaḥ | acchedyo 'yam ity ādau tasya cchedādi-karmatvāyogyatvam uktam | avyakto 'yam ity atra tac-chedādi-grāhaka-mānābhāva ukta ity apaunaruktyaṃ draṣṭavyam | vedāvināśinam ity ādīnāṃ tu ślokānām arthataḥ śabdataś ca paunaruktyaṃ bhāṣya-kṛdbhiḥ parihṛtam | durbodhatvād ātma-vastunaḥ punaḥ punaḥ prasaṅgam āpādya śabdāntareṇa tad eva vastu nirūpayati bhagavān vāsudevaḥ kathaṃ nu nāma saṃsāriṇām buddhi-gocaratām āpannaṃ tattvaṃ saṃsāra-nivṛttaye syāt iti [Śaṅkara-bhāṣya 2.24] iti vadadbhiḥ |
evaṃ pūrvokta-yuktibhir ātmano nityatve nirvikāratve ca siddhe tava śoko nopapanna ity upasaṃharati tasmād ity ardhena | etādṛśātma-svarūpa-vedanasya śoka-kāraṇa-nivartakatvāt tasmin sati śoko nocitaḥ kāraṇa-bhāve kāryābhāvasyāvaśyakatvāt | tenātmānam aviditvā yad anvaśocas tad yuktam eva | ātmānaṃ viditvā tu nānuśocitum arhasīty abhiprāyaḥ ||25||
viśvanāthaḥ : None.
baladevaḥ : avyaktaḥ pratyaṅ cakṣur-ādy-agrāhyaḥ | acintyas tarkāgocaraḥ śruti-mātra-gamyaḥ | jñāna-svarūpo jñātety ādikaṃ śrutyaiva pratīyate | avikāryaḥ ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikārānarhaḥ | atra avināśi tu tad viddhi ity ādibhir ātma-tattvam upadiśan hariḥ śabdato 'rthataś ca yat punaḥ punar avocat tasya durbodhasya saubodhyārtham evety adoṣaḥ | nirdhāraṇārthaṃ vā | ayaṃ dharmaṃ vettīty uktau tad vedanaṃ niścitaṃ yathā syāt tadvat | evam evāgre vakṣyati āścaryavat paśyati kaścit ity ādinā ||25||
__________________________________________________________
BhG 2.26
atha cainaṃ nityajātaṃ nityaṃ vā manyase mṛtam |
tathāpi tvaṃ mahābāho naivaṃ śocitum arhasi ||26||
śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ dehena saha ātmano janma tad-vināśena ca vināśam aṅgīkṛtyāpi śoko na kārya ity āha atha cainam ity ādi | atha ca yadyapy enam ātmānam nityajātaṃ nityaṃ vā manyase mṛtam tathāpi tvaṃ mahābāho naivaṃ śocitum arhasi ||26||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam ātmano nirvikāratvenāśocyatvam uktam idānīṃ vikāravattvam abhyupetyāpi śloka-dvayenāśocyatvaṃ pratipādayati bhagavān | tatrātmā jñāna-svarūpaḥ pratikṣaṇa-vināśīti saugatāḥ | deha evātmā sa ca sthiro 'py anukṣaṇa-pariṇāmī jāyate naśyati ceti pratyakṣa-siddham evaitad iti lokāyatikāḥ | dehātirikto 'pi dehena sahaiva jāyate naśyati cety anye | sargādya-kāla evākāśavaj jāyate deha-bhede 'py anuvartamāna evākalpa-sthāyī naśyati pralaya ity apare | nitya evātmā jāyate mriyate ceti tārkikāḥ | tathā hi - pretya-bhāvo janma | sa cāpūrva-dehendriyādi-sambandhaḥ | evaṃ maraṇam api pūrva-dehendriyādi-vicchedaḥ | idaṃ cobhayaṃ dharmādharma-nimittatvāt tad-ādhārasya nityasyaiva mukhyam | anityasya tu kṛta-hānya-kṛtābhyāgama-prasaṅgena dharmādharmādhāratvānupapatter
na janma-maraṇe mukhye iti vadanti | ntiyasyām evety anye | tatrānityatva-pakṣe 'pi śocyatvam ātmano niṣedhati atha cainam iti |
atheti pakṣāntare | co 'py arthe | yadi durbodhatvād ātma-vastuno 'sakṛc-chravaṇe 'py avadhāraṇā-sāmarthyān mad-ukta-pakṣānaṅgīkāreṇa pakṣāntaram abhyupaiṣi | tatrāpy anityatva-pakṣam evāśritya yady enam ātmānaṃ nityaṃ jātaṃ nityaṃ mṛtaṃ vā manyase | vā-śabdaś cārthe | kṣaṇikatva-pakṣe nityaṃ pratikṣaṇaṃ pakṣāntare āvaśyakatvān nityaṃ niyataṃ jāto 'yaṃ mṛto 'yam iti laukika-pratyaya-vaśena yadi kalpayasi tathāpi he mahābāho ! puruṣa-dhaureyeti sopahāsaṃ kumatābhyupagamāt | tvayy etādṛśī kudṛṣṭir na sambhavatīti sānukampaṃ vā | evaṃ aha bata mahat pāpaṃ kartuṃ vyavasitā vayam [Gītā 1.45] ity ādi yathā śocasi evaṃ prakāram anuśokaṃ kartuṃ svayam api tvaṃ tādṛśa eva san nārhasi yogyo na bhavasi | kṣaṇikatva-pakṣe dehātma-vāda-pakṣe dehena
saha janma-vināśa-pakṣe ca janmāntarābhāvena pāpa-bhayāsambhavāt pāpa-bhayenaiva khalu tvam anuśocasi | tac caitādṛśe darśane na sambhavati bandhu-vināśa-darśitvābhāvād ity adhikaṃ | pakṣāntare dṛṣṭa-duḥkha-nimittaṃ śokam abhyanujñātum evaṃ-kāraḥ | dṛṣṭa-duḥkha-nimitta-śoka-sambhave 'py adṛṣṭa-duḥkha-nimittaḥ śokaḥ sarvathā nocita ity arthaḥ prathama-ślokasya ||26||
viśvanāthaḥ : tad evaṃ śāstrīya-tattva-dṛṣṭyā tvām ahaṃ prabodhayan | vyāvahārahika-tattva-dṛṣṭyāpi prabodhayāmi avadhehīty āha atheti | nitya-jātaṃ dehe jāte saty enaṃ nityaṃ niyataṃ jātaṃ manyase | tathā deha eva mṛte mṛtaṃ nityaṃ niyataṃ manyase | mahā-bāho iti parākramavataḥ kṣatriyasya tava tad api yuddham avaśyakaṃ svadharmaḥ | yad uktaṃ -
kṣatriyāṇām ayaṃ dharmaḥ prajāpati-vinirmitaḥ |
bhrātāpi bhrātaraṃ hanyād yena ghorataras tataḥ || iti bhāvaḥ ||26||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ svoktasya jīvātmano 'śocyatvam uktvā paroktasyāpi tasya tad ucyate para-mata-jñānāya | tad-abhijñaḥ khalu śiṣyas tad-avakarais tan nirasya vijayī san sva-mate sthairyam āsīt | tathā hi manuṣyatvādi-viśiṣṭe bhūmy-ādi-bhūta-catuṣṭaye tāmbūla-rāgavat mada-śaktivac ca caitanyam utpadyate | tādṛśas tac-catuṣṭaya-bhūto deha evātmā | sa ca sthiro 'pi pratikṣaṇa-pariṇāmād utpatti-vināśa-yogīti loka-pratyakṣa-siddham iti lokāyatikā manyante | dehād bhinno vijñāna-svarūpo 'py ātmā pratikṣaṇa-vināśīti vaibhāṣikādayo bauddhā vadanti | tad etad ubhaya-mate 'py ātmanaḥ śocyatvaṃ pratiṣedhati | atheti pakṣāntare | co 'py-arthe | tvaṃ cen mad-ukta-jīvātma-yāthātmyāvagāhanāsamartho lokāyatikādi-pakṣam ālambase, tatra dehātma-pakṣe enaṃ deha-lakṣaṇam ātmānaṃ nityaṃ vā
mṛtaṃ manyase | vā-śabdaś cārthe | tathāpi tvam enaṃ aho bata mahat pāpaṃ ity ādi-vacanaiḥ śocituṃ nārhasi | pariṇāma-svabhāvasya tasya tasya cātmano janma-vināśayor anivāryatvāj janmāntarābhāvena pāpa-bhayāsambhavāc ca | he mahābāho iti sopahāsaṃ sambodhanaṃ kṣatriya-varyasya vaidikasya ca te nedṛśaṃ kumataṃ dhāryam iti bhāvaḥ ||26|
__________________________________________________________
BhG 2.27
jātasya hi dhruvo mṛtyur dhruvaṃ janma mṛtasya ca |
tasmād aparihārye 'rthe na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi ||27||
śrīdharaḥ : kuta iti ? ata āha jātasyety-ādi | hi yasmāj jātasya svārambhaka-karma-kṣaye mṛtyur dhruvo niścitaḥ | mṛtasya ca tad-deha-kṛtena karmaṇā janmāpi dhruvam eva | tasmād evam aparihārye 'rthe avaśyambhāvini janma-maraṇa-lakṣaṇe 'rthe tvaṃ vidvān śocitum nārhasi yogyo na bhavasi ||27||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanv ātmana ābhūta-saṃplava-sthāyitva-pakṣe ca dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-duḥkha-sambhavāt tad-bhayena śocāmīty ata āha dvitīya-ślokena jātasya hīti | hi yasmāj jātasya sva-kṛta-dharmādharmādi-vaśāl labdha-śarīrendriyādi-sambandhasya sthirasyātmano dhruva āvaśyako mṛtyus tac-charīrādi-vicchedas tad-ārambhaka-karma-kṣaya-nimittaḥ saṃyogasya viyogāvasānatvāt | tathā dhruvaṃ janma mṛtasya ca prāg-deha-kṛta-karma-phalopabhogārthaṃ sānuśayasyaiva prastutatvān na jīvan-mukte vyabhicāraḥ | tasmād evam aparihārye parihartum aśakye 'smin janma-maraṇa-lakṣaṇe 'rthe viṣaye tvam evaṃ vidvān na śocitum arhasi | tathā ca vakṣyati ṛte 'pi tvāṃ na bhaviṣyanti sarve [Gītā 11.32] iti | yadi hi tvayā yuddhe 'nāhanyamānā ete jīveyur eva tadā yuddhāya śokas tavocitaḥ syāt | ete tu karma-kṣayāt
svayam eva mriyanta iti tat-parihārāsamarthasya tava dṛṣṭ-duḥkha-nimittaḥ śoko nocita iti bhāvaḥ |
evam adṛṣṭa-duḥkha-nimitte 'pi śoke tasmād aparihārye 'rthe ity evottaram | yuddhākhyaṃ hi karma kṣatriyasya niyatam agnihotrādivat | tac ca yudha samprahāre ity asmād dhātor niṣpannaṃ śatru-prāṇa-viyogānukūla-śastra-prahāra-rūpaṃ vihitatvāgnīṣomīyādi-siṃhāvan na pratyavāya-janakam | tathā ca gautamaḥ smarati na doṣo hiṃsāyām āhave 'nyatra vyaśvāsārathyanuyudha-kṛtāñjali-prakīrṇa-keśa-parāṅmukhopaviṣṭa-sthala-vṛkṣārūḍha-dūta-go-brāhmaṇa-vādibhyaḥ iti | brāhmaṇa-grahaṇaṃcātrāyoddhṛ-brāhmaṇa-viṣayaṃ gavādi-prāya-pāṭhād iti sthitam | etac ca sarvaṃ svadharmam api cāvekṣyety atra spaṣṭīkariṣyati | tathā ca yuddha-lakṣaṇe 'rthe 'gnihotrādivad vihitatvād aparihārye parihartum aśakye tad-akaraṇe pratyavāya-prasaṅgāt tvam adṛṣṭa-duḥkha-bhayena
śocituṃ nārahasīti pūrvavat |
yadi tu yuddhākhyaṃ karma kāmyam eva -
ya āhaveṣu yudhyante bhūmy-artham aparāṅmukhāḥ |
akūṭair āyudhair yānti te svargaṃ yogino yathā || [Yajñ. 13.324]
iti yājñavalkya-vacanāt | hato vā prāpsyasi svargaṃ jitvā vā bhokṣyase mahīm [Gītā 2.37] iti bhagavad-vacanāc ca | tadāpi prārabdhasya kāmyasyāpi avaśya-parisamāpanīyatvena nitya-tulyatvāt tvayā ca yuddhasya prārabdhatvād aparihāryatvaṃ tyulyam eva |
athavātma-nityatva-pakṣa eva śloka-dvayam arjunasya paramāstikasya veda-bāhya-matābhyupagamāsambhavāt | akṣara-yojanā tu nityaś cāsau dehendriyādi-sambandha-vaśāj jātaś ceti nitya-jātas tam enam ātmānaṃ nityam api santaṃ jātaṃ cen manyase tathā nityam api santaṃ mṛtaṃ cen manyase tathāpi tvaṃ nānuśocitum arhasīti hetum āha jātasya hīty ādinā | nityasya jātatvaṃ mṛtatvaṃ ca prāg-vyākhyātam | spaṣṭam anyat | bhāṣyam apy asmin pakṣe yojanīyam ||27||
viśvanāthaḥ : hi yasmāt tasya svārambhaka-karma-kṣaye mṛtyur dhruvo niścitaḥ | mṛtasya ca tad-deha-kṛtena karmaṇā janmāpi dhruvam eva | aparihārye 'rthe iti mṛtyur janma ca parihartum a]cakyam eva ity arthaḥ ||27||
baladevaḥ : atha śarīrātirikto nitya ātmā | tasyāpūrva-śarīrendriya-yogo janma | pūrva-śarīrendriya-viyogas tu maraṇaṃ tad-ubhayaṃ ca dharmādharma-hetukatvāt tad-āśrayasya nityasyātmano mukhyaṃ, tad-atiriktasya śarīrasya tu gauṇam | tasyānityasya kṛta-hānya-kṛtābhyāgama-prasaṅgena tad-āśrayatvānupapatter iti tārkikā manyante | tat-pakṣe 'py ātmanaḥ śocyatvaṃ pariharati jātasyeti | hir hetau | jātasya sva-karma-vaśāt prāpta-śarīrādi-yogasya nityasyāpy ātmanas tad-ārambhaka-karma-kṣaya-hetuko mṛtyur dhruvo niścitaḥ | mṛtasya tac-charīra-kṛta-karma-hetukaṃ janma ca dhruvaṃ syāt | tasmād evam aparihārye parihartum aśakye janma-maraṇātmake 'rthe tvaṃ vidvān śocituṃ nārhasi | tvayi yuddhān nivṛtte 'py ete svārambhake karmaṇi kṣīṇe sati mariṣyanty eva | tava tu svadharmād vicyutir bhāvinīti
bhāvaḥ ||27||
__________________________________________________________
BhG 2.28
avyaktādīni bhūtāni vyakta-madhyāni bhārata |
avyakta-nidhanāny eva tatra kā paridevanā ||28||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca dehānāṃ svabhāvaṃ paryālocya tad-upādhike ātmano janma-maraṇe śoko na kārya iti | ata āha avyaktādīnīty ādi | avyaktaṃ pradhānam | tad eva ādir utpatteḥ pūrva-rūpaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni avyaktādīni | bhūtāni śarīrāṇi | kāraṇātmanāpi sthitānām eva utpatteḥ | tathā vyaktam abhivyaktaṃ madhyaṃ janma-maraṇāntarālaṃ sthiti-lakṣaṇaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni vyakta-madhyāni | avyakte nidhanaṃ layo yeṣāṃ tānīmāny evaṃ-bhūtāny eva | tatra teṣu kā paridevanā ? kaḥ śoka-nimitto vilāpaḥ ? pratibuddhasya svapna-dṛṣṭa-vastuṣv iva śoko na yujyata ity arthaḥ ||28||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ sarva-prakāreṇātmano 'śocyatvam upapāditam athedānīm ātmano 'śocyatve 'pi bhūta-saṅghātātmakāni śarīrāṇy uddiśya śocāmīty arjunāśaṅkām apanudati bhagavān avyaktādīnīti | ādau janmanaḥ prāg-avyaktāni anupalabdhāni bhūtāni pṛthivyādi-bhūta-mayāni śarīrāṇi madhye janmānantaraṃ maraṇāt prāg-vyaktāni upalabdhāni santi | nidhane punar avyaktāny eva bhavanti | yathā svapnendrajālādau pratibhāsa-mātra-jīvanāni śukti-rūpyādivan na tu jñānāt prāg ūrdhvaṃ vā sthitāni dṛṣṭi-sṛṣṭy-abhyupagamāt | tathā ca - ādāv ante ca yan nāsti vartamāne 'pi tat tathā [ṃā. Kā. 2.6] iti nyāyena madhye 'pi na santy evaitāni | nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ [Gītā 2.16] iti prāg-ukteś ca |
evaṃ sati tatra teṣu mithyā-bhūteṣv atyanta-tuccheṣu bhūteṣu kā paridevanā ko vā duḥkha-pralāpo na ko 'py ucita ity arthaḥ | na hi svapne vividhān bandhūn upalabhya pratibuddhas tad-vicchedena śocati pṛthag-jano 'pi etad evoktaṃ purāṇe adarśanād āpatitaḥ punaś cādarśanaṃ gataḥ bhūta-saṅgha iti śeṣaḥ | tathā ca śarīrāṇy apy uddiśya śoko nocita iti bhāvaḥ |
ākāśādi-mahā-bhūtābhiprāyeṇa vā śloko yojyaḥ | avyaktam avyākṛtam avidyopahita-caitanyam ādiḥ prāg avasthā yeṣāṃ tāni tathā vyaktaṃ nāma-rūpābhyām evāvidyakābhyāṃ prakaṭībhūtaṃ na tu svena paramārtha-sadātmanā madhyaṃ sthity-avasthā yeṣāṃ tādṛśāni bhūtāni ākāśādīni avyakta-nidhanāny evāvyakte sva-kāraṇe mṛd iva ghaṭādīnāṃ nidhanaṃ pralayo yeṣāṃ teṣu bhūteṣu kā paridevaneti pūrvavat | tathā ca śrutiḥ - tad dhedaṃ tarhy avyākṛtam āsīt tan-nāma-rūpābhyām eva vyākriyata [BAU 1.4.7] ity ādir avyaktopādānatāṃ sarvasya prapañcasya darśayati | laya-sthānatvaṃ tu tasyārtha-siddhaṃ kāraṇa eva kārya-layasya darśanāt | granthāntare tu vistaraḥ | tathā cājñāna-kalpitatvena tucchāny ākāśādi-bhūtāny apy uddiśya śoko nocitaś cet tat-kāryāṇy
uddiśya nocita iti kim u vaktavyam iti bhāvaḥ |
athavā sarvadā teṣām avyakta-rūpeṇa vidyamānatvād vicchedābhāvena tan-nimittaḥ pralāpo nocita ity arthaḥ | bhāratety anena sambodhayan śuddha-vaṃśodbhavatvena śāstrīyam arthaṃ pratipattum arho 'si kim iti na pratipadyasa iti sūcayati ||28||
viśvanāthaḥ : tad evaṃ na jāyate na mriyate ity-ādinā, deha-pakṣe ca jātasya hi dhruvo mṛtyuḥ ity anena śoka-viṣayaṃ nirākṛtya idānīm ubhaya-pakṣe 'pi nirākaroti avyakteti | bhūtāni deva-manuṣya-tiryag-ādīni | avyaktāni na vyaktaṃ vyaktir ādau janma-pūrva-kāle yeṣāṃ, kintu tadānīm api liṅga-dehaḥ sthūla-dehaś ca svārambhaka-pṛthivy-ādi-sattvāt kāraṇātmanā vartamāno 'spaṣṭam āsīd evety arthaḥ | vyaktaṃ vyaktir madhye yeṣāṃ tāni | na vyakti nidhanād anantaraṃ yeṣāṃ tāni | mahā-pralaye 'pi karma-mātrādīnāṃ sattvāt sūkṣma-rūpeṇa bhūtāni santy eva | tasmāt sarva-bhūtāni ādy-antarayor avyaktāni madhye vyaktānīty arthaḥ | yad uktaṃ śrutibhiḥ - sthira-cara-jātayaḥ syur ajayottha-nimitta-yujaḥ iti | kā paridevanā kaḥ śoka-nimittaḥ vilāpaḥ ? tathā coktaṃ nāradena -
yan manyase dhruvaṃ lokam adhruvaṃ vā na cobhayam |
sarvathā na hi śocyās te snehād anyatra mohajāt || [BhP 1.13.44] iti ||28||
baladevaḥ : atha dehātma-pakṣe ātmātirikta-deha-pakṣe ca deha-vināśa-hetuka-śoko na yuktas tad-ārambhakāṇāṃ bhūta-mātrāṇām avināśād ity āha avyaktādīnīti | avyaktaṃ nāma-rūpa-virahāt sūkṣmaṃ pradhānam ādi ādi-rūpaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni avyakta-nidhanāni | avyakte tādṛśi pradhāne nidhanaṃ nāma-rūpa-vimardana-lakṣaṇo nāśo yeṣāṃ tāni | mṛd-ādike sad-rūpe dravye kambu-grīvādy-avasthā-yoge ghaṭasyotpattis tad-virodhi-kapālādy-avasthā-yogas tu tasya vināśaḥ kathyate | tad-dravyaṃ sarvadā sthāyīti | evam evāha bhagavān parāśaraḥ - mahī ghaṭatvaṃ ghaṭataḥ kapālikā cūrṇa-rajas tato 'ṇuḥ [ViP 2.12.42] iti | evaṃ śarīrāṇy ādy-antayor nāma-rūpāyogād avyaktimanti | madhye tu tad-yogād vyaktimanti | tad-ārambhakāni bhūtāni tu sarvadā santīti teṣu vastutaḥ
satsu kā paridevanā kaḥ śoka-nimitta-vilāpa ity arthaḥ | dehānya-nityātma-pakṣe tu vāsāṃsi ity ādikaṃ na vismartavyam | yat tv ādy-antayor asattvān madhye 'pi bhūtāny asanty evātaḥ svāpnika-rathāśvādi-prakhyāni mṛṣā-bhūtāny eva tena tad-viyoga-hetukaḥ śokaḥ pratibuddhasya na dṛṣṭa iti dṛṣṭi-sṛṣṭim abhyupaityāhus tan mandaṃ tad-abhyupagame vaidikāsatkāryavādāpatteḥ | tad evaṃ mata-dvaye 'pi deha-vināśa-hetukaḥ śoko nāstīti siddham ||28||
__________________________________________________________
BhG 2.29
āścaryavat paśyati kaścid enam
āścaryavad vadati tathaiva cānyaḥ |
āścaryavac cainam anyaḥ śṛṇoti
śrutvāpy enaṃ veda na caiva kaścit ||29||
śrīdharaḥ : kutas tarhi vidvāṃso 'pi loke śocanti ? ātmā-jñānād eva ity āśayenātmano durvijñeyatvam āha āścaryavad ityādi | kaścid enam ātmānaṃ śāstrācāryopadeśābhyāṃ paśyann āścaryavat paśyati | sarva-gatasya nitya-jñānānada-svabhāvasyātmanaḥ alaukikatvād aindrajālikavad ghaṭamānaṃ paśyann iva vismayena paśyati asambhāvanābhibhūtatvāt | tathā āścaryavad anyo vadati ca | śṛṇoti cānyaḥ | kaścit punaḥ viparīta-bhāvanābhibhūtaḥ śrutvāpi naiva veda | ca-śabdād uktvāpi na dṛṣṭvāpi na samyag vedeti draṣṭavyam ||29||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu vidvāṃso 'pi bahavaḥ śocanti tat kiṃ mām eva punaḥ punar evam upālabhase | anyac ca vaktur eva hi taj jāḍyaṃ śrotā yatra na budhyate iti nyāyāt tvad-vacanārthāpartipattiś ca tavāpy anyeṣām iva svāśaya-doṣād iti nokta-doṣa-dvayam ity abhipretyātmano durvijñeyatām āha āścaryavad iti |
enaṃ prakṛtaṃ dehinam āścaryeṇādbhutena tulyatayā vartamānam āvidyaka-nānā-vidha-viruddha-dharmavattayā satanm apy asantam iva sva-prakāśa-caitanya-rūpam api jaḍam ivānanda-ghanam api duḥkhitam iva nirvikāram api savikāram iva nityam anityam iva prakāśamānam apy aprakāśamānam iva brahmābhinnam api tad-bhinnam iva muktam api baddham ivādvitīyam api sa-dvitīyam iva sambhāvita-vicitrānekākāra-pratīti-viṣayaṃ paśyati śāstrācāryopadeśābhyām āvidyaka-sarva-dvaita-niṣedhena paramātma-svarūpa-mātrākārāyāṃ vedānta-mahā-vākya-janyāyāṃ sarva-sukṛta-phala-bhūtāyām antaḥkaraṇa-vṛttau pratiphalitaṃ samādhi-paripākena sākṣātkaroti kaścic chama-damādi-sādhana-sampanna-carama-śarīraḥ kaścid eva na tu sarvaḥ | tathā kaścid enaṃ yat paśyati tad āścaryavad iti kriyā-viśeṣaṇam
| ātma-darśanam apy āścaryavad eva yat svarūpato mithyā-bhūtam api satyasya vyañjakam āvidyakam apy avidyāyā vighātakam avidyām upaghnat tat-kāryatayā svātmānam apy upahantīti | tathā yaḥ kaścid enaṃ paśyati sa āścaryavad iti kartṛ-viśeṣaṇam | yato 'sau nivṛttāvidyātat-kāryo 'pi prārabdha-karma-prābalyāt tadvān iva vyaharati sarvadā samādhi-niṣṭho 'pi vyuttiṣṭhati vyutthito 'pi punaḥ samādhim anubhavatīti prārabdha-karma-vaicitryād vicitra-caritraḥ prāpta-duṣprāpa-jñānatvāt sakala-loka-spṛhaṇīyo 'ta āścaryavad eva bhavati | tad etat trayam apy āścaryam ātmā taj jñānaṃ taj-jñātā ceti parama-durvijñeyam ātmānaṃ tvaṃ katham anāyāsena jānīyā ity abhiprāyaḥ |
īvam upadeṣṭur abhāvād apy ātmā durvijñeyaḥ | yo hy ātmānaṃ jānāti sa eva tam anyasmai dhruvaṃ brūyāt | ajñasyopadeṣṭṛtvāsambhavāt, jānaṃs tu samāhita-cittaḥ prāyeṇa kathaṃ bravītu | vyutthita-citto 'pi pareṇa jñātum aśakyaḥ | yathā kathaṃcij jñāto 'pi lābha-pūjā-khyāty-ādi-prayojanānapekṣatvāc ca bravīty eva | kathaṃcit kāruṇya-mātreṇa bruvaṃs tu parameśvaravad atyanta-durlabha evety āha āścaryavad vadati tathaiva cānya iti | yathājānāti tathaiva vadati | enam ity anukarṣaṇārthaś ca-kāraḥ | sa cānyaḥ sarvājña-jana-vilakṣaṇaḥ | na tu yaḥ paśyati tato 'nya iti vyāghātāt | atrāpi karmaṇi kriyāyāṃ kartari cāścaryavad iti yojyam | tatra karmaṇaḥ kartuś ca prāg āścaryavattvaṃ vyākhyātaṃ kriyāyās tu vyākhyāyate | sarva-śabdāvācyasya śuddhasyātmano yad vacanaṃ
tad āścaryavat | tathā ca śrutiḥ - yato vāco nivartante aprāpya manasā saha iti | kenāpi śabdenāvācyasya śuddhasyātmano viśiṣṭa-śaktena padena jahad-ajahat-svārtha-lakṣaṇāyā kalpita-sambandhena lakṣyatāvacchedakam antareṇaiva pratipādanaṃ tad api nirvikalpa-sākṣātkāra-rūpam atyāścaryam ity arthaḥ |
athavā vinā śaktiṃ vinā lakṣaṇāṃ vinā sambandhāntaraṃ suṣuptotthāpaka-vākya-vat tattvam asyādi-vākyena yadātmatattva-pratipādanaṃ tad āścaryavat | śabda-śakter acintyatvāt | na ca vinā sambandhaṃ bodhanen 'tiprasaṅgaḥ lakṣaṇā-pakṣe 'pi tulyatvāt | śakya-sambandhasyāneka-sādhāraṇatvāt | tātparya-viśeṣān niyama iti cet, na | tasyāpi sarvān praty aviśeṣāt | kaścid eva tātparya-viśeṣam avadhārayati na sarva iti cet | hanta tarhi puruṣa-gata eva kaścid viśeṣo nirdoṣatva-rūpo niyāmakaḥ | na cāsmin pakṣe 'pi na daṇḍa-vāritaḥ | tathā ca yādṛśasya śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇasya tātparyānusandhāna-puraḥ-saraṃ lakṣaṇayā vākyārtha-bodho bhavadbhir aṅgī kriyate tādṛśasyaiva kevalaḥ śabda-viśeṣo 'khaṇḍa-sākṣātkāraṃ vināpi sambandhena janayatīti kim anupapannam | etasmin
pakṣe śabda-vṛtty-aviṣayatvād yato vāco nivartanta iti sutarām upapannam | ayaṃ ca bhagavad-abhiprāyo vārtika-kāraiḥ prapañcitaḥ -
durbalatvād avidyāyā ātmatvād bodha-rūpiṇaḥ |
śabda-śakter acitnyatvād vidmas taṃ moha-hānataḥ ||
agṛhītvaiva sambandham abhidhānābhidheyayoḥ |
hitvā nidrāṃ prabudhyante suṣupter bodhitāḥ paraiḥ ||
jāgradvan na yataḥ śabdaṃ suṣupte vetti kaścana |
dhvaste 'to jñānato 'jñāne brahmāsmīti bhavet phalam ||
avidyā-ghātinaḥ śabdādyāhaṃ brahmeti dhīr bhavet |
naśyaty avidyayā sārdhaṃ hatvā rogam ivauṣadham || [Bṛhat.Vā 1.4.860-863]
ity ādinā granthena |
tad evaṃ vacana-viṣayasya vaktur vacana-kriyāyāś cātyāścarya-rūpatvād ātmano durvijñānatvam uktvā śrotur durmilatvād api tad āha āścaryavac cainam anyaḥ śṛṇoti śrtuvā 'py enaṃ vedeti | anyo draṣṭur vaktuśc a muktād vilakṣaṇo mumukṣur vaktāraṃ brahma-vidaṃ vidhivad upasṛtyainaṃ śṛṇoti śravaṇākhya-vicāra-viṣayī karoti vedānta-vākya-tātparya-niścayenāvadhārayatīti yāvat | śrutvā cainaṃ manana-nididhyāsana-paripākād vedāpi sākṣātkaroty api āścaryavat | tathā cāścaryavat paśyati kaścid enam iti vyākhyātam | atrāpi kartur āścarya-rūpatvam aneka-janmānuṣṭhita-sukṛta-kṣālita-mano-malatayātidurlabhatvāt | tathā ca vakṣyati -
manuṣyāṇāṃ sahasreṣu kaś cid yatati siddhaye |
yatatām api siddhānāṃ kaś cin māṃ vetti tattvataḥ || [Gītā 7.3] iti |
śravaṇāyāpi bahubhir yo na labhyaḥ
śṛṇvanto 'pi bahavo yaṃ na vidyuḥ |
āścaryo vaktā kuśalo 'sya labdhā
āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ || [KaṭhU 1.2.7] iti śruteś ca |
evaṃ śravaṇa-śrotavyayor āścaryatvaṃ prāgvad vyākhyeyam |
nanu yaḥ śravaṇa-mananādikaṃ karoti sa ātmānaṃ vedeti kim āścaryam ata āha - na caiva kaścid iti | ca-kāraḥ kriyā-karma-padayor anuṣaṅgārthaḥ | kaścid enaṃ naiva veda śravaṇādikaṃ kurvann api | tad akurvaṃs tu na vedeti kim u vaktavyam | aihikam aprastuta-pratibandhe tad-darśanāt [Vs. 3.4.51] iti nyāyāt | uktaṃ ca vārtika-kāraiḥ -
kutas taj-jñānam iti cet tad dhi bandha-parikṣayāt |
asāv api ca bhūtau vā bhāvī vā vartate 'thavā || [Bṛh. Vā. Sa. 294] iti |
śravaṇādi kurvatām api pratibandha-parikṣayād eva jñānaṃ jāyate | anyathā tu na | sa ca pratibandha-parikṣayaḥ kasyacid bhūta eva | yathā hiraṇyagarbhasya | kasyacid bhāvī | yathā vāsudevasya | kasyacid vartate | yathā śvetaketoḥ | tathā ca pratibandha-kṣaya-syātidurlabhatvāt | jñānam utpadyate puṃsāṃ kṣayāt pāpasya karmaṇaḥ iti smṛteś ca durvijñeyo 'yam ātmeti nirgalito 'rthaḥ |
yadi tu śrutvāpy enaṃ veda na caiva kaścid ity eva vyākhyāyeta tadā āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ [KaṭhU 1.2.7] iti śrutyaika-vākyatā na syāt | yatatām api siddhānāṃ kaś cin māṃ vetti tattvataḥ [Gītā 7.3] iti bhagavad-vacana-virodhaś ceti vidvadbhir avinayaḥ kṣantavyaḥ | athavā na caiva kaścid ity asya sarvatra sambandhaḥ kaścid enaṃ na paśyati na vadati na śṛṇoti śrutvāpi na vedeti pañca prakārā uktāḥ kaścit paśyaty eva na vadati kaścit paśyati na vadati ca kaścit tad-vacanaṃ śṛṇoti ca tad-arthaṃ jānāti ca kaścic chrutvāpi na jānāti na kaścit tu sarva-bahirbhūta iti | avidvat-pakṣe tu asambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanābhibhūtatvād āścarya-tulyatvaṃ darśana-vadana-śravaṇeṣv iti nigada-vyākhyātaḥ ślokaḥ | caturtha-pāde tu dṛṣṭvoktvā śrutvāpīti yojanā ||29||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu kim idam āścaryaṃ brūṣe | kiṃ caitad apy āścaryam | yad eva prabodhyamānasyāpy aviveko nāpayātīti tatra satyam evem eva ity āha āścaryavad iti | enam ātmānaṃ dehaṃ ca tad-ubhaya-rūpaṃ sarva-lokam ||29||
baladevaḥ : nanu sarvajñena tvayā bahūpadiśyamāno 'py ahaṃ śoka-nivārakam ātma-yāthātmyaṃ na budhye kim etad iti cet tatrāha āścaryavad iti | vijñānāndobhaya-svarūpatve 'pi tad-bhedāpratiyoginaṃ vijñāna-svarūpatve 'pi vijñātṛtayā santaṃ paramāṇutve 'pi vyāpta-bṛhat-kāyaṃ nānā-kāya-sambandhe 'pi tat-tad-vikārair aspṛṣṭam evam ādi bahu-viruddha-dharmatayāścaryavad adbhuta-sādṛśyena sthitam enaṃ mad-upadiṣṭaṃ jīvaṃ kaścid eva svadharmānuṣṭhānena satya-tapo-japādinā ca vimṛṣṭa-hṛd-guru-prasāda-labdha-tādṛśa-jñānaḥ paśyati yāthātmyenānubhavati | āścaryavad iti kriyā-viśeṣaṇaṃ vā kartṛ-viśeṣaṇaṃ veti vyākhyātāraḥ kaścid enam yat paśyati tad āścaryavat | yaḥ kaścit paśyati so 'py āścaryavad ity arthaḥ | evam agre 'pi | śrutvāpy enam iti kaścit
samyag amṛṣṭa-hṛd ity arthaḥ | tathā ca duradhigamaṃ jīvātmayāthātmyam | śrutir apy evam āha -
śravaṇāyāpi bahubhir yo na labhyaḥ
śṛṇvanto 'pi bahavo yaṃ na vidyuḥ |
āścaryo vaktā kuśalo 'sya labdhā
āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭa || [KaṭhU 1.2.7] iti ||29||
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BhG 2.30
dehī nityam avadhyo 'yaṃ dehe sarvasya bhārata |
tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi ||30||
śrīdharaḥ : tad evam avadhyatvam ātmanaḥ saṅkṣepenopadiśan aśocyatvam upasaṃharati dehīty ādi | spaṣṭo 'rthaḥ ||30||
madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ sarva-prāṇi-sādhāraṇa-bhrama-nivṛtti-sādhanam uktam upasaṃharati dehīti | sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya dehe vadhyamāne 'py ayaṃ dehī liṅga-dehopādhir ātmā vadhyo na bhavatīti nityaṃ niyataṃ yasmāt tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni sthūlāni sūkṣmāṇi ca bhīṣmādi-bhāvāpannāny uddiśya tvaṃ na śocitum arhasi | sthūla-dehasyāśocyatvam aparihāryatvāt | liṅga-dehasyāśocyatvam ātmavad evāvadhyatvād iti na sthūla-dehasya liṅga-dehasyātmano vā śocyatvaṃ yuktam iti bhāvaḥ ||30||
viśvanāthaḥ : tarhi niścitya brūhi kim ahaṃ kuryāṃ kiṃ vā na kuryām iti | tatra śokaṃ mā kuru yuddhaṃ tu kurv ity āha dehīti dvābhyām ||30||
baladevaḥ : tad evaṃ duradhigamaṃ jīva-yāthātmyaṃ samāsenopadiśann aśocyatvam upasaṃharati dehīti | sarvasya jīva-gaṇasya dehe hanyamāne 'py ayaṃ dehī jīvo nityam avadhyo yasmāt tasmāt tvaṃ sarvāṇi bhūtāni bhīṣmādi-bhāvāpannāni śocituṃ nārhasi | ātmanāṃ nityatvād aśocyatvaṃ tad-dehānāṃ tv avaśya-vināśatvāt tattvam ity arthaḥ ||30||
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BhG 2.31
sva-dharmam api cāvekṣya na vikampitum arhasi |
dharmyād dhi yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate ||31||
śrīdharaḥ : yac coktam arjunena vepathuś ca śarīre me ity ādi tad apy ayuktam ity āha svadharmam apīti | ātmano nāśābhāvād eva etesāṃ hanane 'pi vikampituṃ nārhasi | kiṃ ca svadharmam apy avekṣya vikampitum nārhasi iti sambandhaḥ | yac coktaṃ - na ca śreyo 'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanam āhava iti tatrāha dharmyād iti | dharmād anapetān nyāyād yuddhād anyat ||31||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ sthūla-sūkṣma-śarīra-dvaya-tat-kāraṇāvidyākhyopādhi-trayāvivekena mithyābhūtasyāpi saṃsārasya satyatvātma-dharmatvādi-pratibhāsa-rūpaṃ sarva-prāṇi-sādhāraṇam arjunasya bhramaṃ nirākartum upādhi-traya-vivekenātma-svarūpam abhihitavān | samprati yuddhākhye sva-dharme hiṃsādi-bāhulyenādharmatva-pratibhāsa-rūpam arjunasyaiva karuṇādi-doṣa-nibandhanam asādhāraṇaṃ bhramaṃ nirākartuṃ hiṃsādimattve 'pi yuddhasya sva-dharmatvenādharmatvābhāvaṃ bodhayati bhagavān svadharmam apīti |
na kevalaṃ paramārtha-tattvam evāvekṣya kiṃ tu svadharmam api kṣatriya-dharmam api yuddhāparāṅmukhatva-rūpam avekṣya śāstrataḥ paryālocya vikampituṃ vicalituṃ dharmād adharmatva-bhrāntyā nivartituṃ nārhasi | tatraivaṃ sati yadyapy ete na paśyanti ity ādinā narake niyataṃ vāso bhavati ity antena yuddhasya pāpa-hetutvaṃ tvayā yad uktaṃ kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṅkhye ity ādinā ca guru-vadha-brahma-vadhādy-akaraṇaṃ yad abhihitaṃ tat sarvaṃ dharma-śāstra-paryālocanād evoktam | kasmāt ? hi yasmād dharmyād aparāṅmukhatva-dharmād anapetād yuddhād anyat kṣatriyasya śreyaḥ śreyaḥ-sādhanaṃ na vidyate | yuddham eva hi pṛthivī-jaya-dvāreṇa prajā-rakṣaṇa-brāhmaṇa-śuśrūṣādi-kṣātra-dharma-nirvāhakam iti tad eva kṣatriyasya praśastataram ity abhiprāyaḥ | tathā coktaṃ parāśareṇa -
kṣatriyo hi prajā rakṣan śastra-pāṇiḥ pradaṇḍayan |
nirjitya para-sainyādi kṣitiṃ dharmeṇa pālayet || [Parāśara-smṛti 1.58] iti ||31||
manunāpi -
samottamādhamai rājā tv āhūtaḥ pālayan prajāḥ |
na nivarteta saṃgrāmāt kṣātraṃ dharmam anusmaran ||
saṃgrāmeṣv anivartitvaṃ prajānāṃ caiva pālanam |
śuśrūṣā brāhmaṇānāṃ ca rājñāṃ śreyaskaraṃ param || [Manu 7.88-9] ity ādinā |
rāja-śabdaś ca kṣatriya-jāti-mātra-vācīti sthitam eveṣṭhy-adhikaraṇe | tena bhūmi-pālasyaivāyaṃ dharma iti na bhramitavyam | udāhṛta-vacane 'pi kṣatriyo hīti kṣāttraṃ dharmam iti ca spaṣṭaṃ liṅgam | tasmāt kṣatriyasya yuddhaṃ praśasto dharma iti sādhu bhagavato 'bhihitam | apaśavo 'nye go-aśvebhyaḥ paśavo go-aśvāḥ itivat praśaṃsā-lakṣaṇayā yuddhād anyac-chreyaḥ-sādhanaṃ na vidyata ity uktam iti na doṣaḥ | etena yuddhāt praśastataraṃ kiṃcid anuṣṭhātuṃ tato nivṛttir uciteti nirastam | na ca śreyo 'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanam āhave ity etad api ||31||
viśvanāthaḥ : ātmano nāśābhāvād eva vadhād vikampituṃ bhetuṃ nārhasi | svadharmam api cāvekṣya na vikampitum arhasīti sambandhaḥ ||31||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ paramātma-jñānopayogitvād ādau jīvātma-jñānaṃ sarvān prati taulyenopadiśya sa-niṣṭhān prati niṣkāmatayānuṣṭhitāni karmāṇi hṛd-viśuddhi-sahakṛtām ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ niṣpādayantīti vadiṣyan tasyāṃ pratītim utpādayituṃ sakāmatayānuṣṭhitānāṃ karmaṇāṃ kāmya-phala-pradatvam āha dvābhyām svadharmam apīti |
yuddhaṃ khalu kṣatriyasya nityatam agnihotrādivad vihitam | tac ca śatru-prāṇa-vihaṃsana-rūpam agniṣṭomādi-paśu-hiṃsanavan na pratyavāya-nimittam | ubhayatra hiṃseyam upakṛti-rūpaiva | hīnayor deha-lokayos tyāgena divyayos tayor lobhāt | āha caivaṃ smṛtiḥ -
āhaveṣu mitho 'nyonyaṃ jighāṃsanto mahīkṣitaḥ |
yudhyamānāḥ paraṃ śaktyā svargaṃ yānty aparāṅmukhāḥ || [Manu 7.90]
yajñeṣu paśavo brahman hanyante satataṃ dvijaiḥ |
saṃskṛtāḥ kila mantraiś ca te 'pi svargam avāpnuvan || [?] ity ādyā |
evaṃ nija-dharmam avekṣya vikampituṃ dharmāt pracalituṃ nārhasi | yuktaṃ na ca śreyo 'nupaśyāmīty ādinā narake nityataṃ vāso bhavatīyt antyena yuddhasya pāpa-hetutvaṃ tvayoktam | tac cājñānād evety āha dharmyād iti | yuddham eva bhūmi-jaya-dvārā prajā-pālana-guru-vipra-saṃsevanādi-kṣātra-dharma-nirvāhīti | evam āha bhagavān parāśaraḥ -
kṣatriyo hi prajā rakṣan śastra-pāṇiḥ pradaṇḍayan |
nirjitya para-sainyādi kṣitiṃ dharmeṇa pālayet || [Parāśara-smṛti 1.58] iti ||31||
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BhG 2.32
yadṛcchayā copapannaṃ svarga-dvāram apāvṛtam |
sukhinaḥ kṣatriyāḥ pārtha labhante yuddham īdṛśam ||32||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca mahati śreyasi svayam evopāgate sati kuto vikampasa iti | ata āha yadṛcchayeti | yadṛcchayā aprārthitam eva upapannaṃ prāptam īdṛśaṃ yuddham labhante | yato nirāvaraṇaṃ svarga-dvāram evaitat | yad vā ya evaṃvidhaṃ yuddhaṃ labhante ta eva sukhina ity arthaḥ | etena svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava iti yad uktaṃ tan nirastaṃ bhavati ||32||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu yuddhasya kartavyatve 'pi na bhīṣma-droṇādibhir gurubhiḥ saha tat kartum ucitam atigarhitatvād ity āśaṅkyāha yadṛcchayeti | yadṛcchayā sva-prayatna-vyatirekeṇa | co 'vadhāraṇe | aprārthanayaivopasthitam īdṛśaṃ bhīṣma-droṇādi-vīra-puruṣa-pratiyogikaṃ kīrti-rājya-lābha-dṛṣṭa-phala-sādhanaṃ yuddhaṃ ye kṣatriyāḥ pratiyogitvena labhante te sukhinaḥ sukha-bhāja eva | jaye satyenāyāsenaiva yaśaso rājyasya ca lābhāt | parājaye cātiśīghram eva svargasya lābhād ity āha svarga-dvāram apāvṛtam iti | apratibaddhaṃ svarga-sādhanaṃ yuddham avyavadhānenaiva svarga-janakaṃ jyotiṣṭhomādikaṃ tu ciratareṇa deha-pātasya pratibandhābhāvasya cāpekṣaṇād ity arthaḥ | svarga-dvāram ity anena śyenādivat pratyavāya-śaṅkā parihṛtā | śyenādayo hi vihitā api phala-doṣeṇa
duṣṭāḥ | tat-phalasya śatru-vadhasya na hiṃsyāt sarvā bhūtāni, brāhmaṇaṃ na hanyāt ity ādi-śāstra-niṣiddhasya pratyavāya-janakatvāt phale vidhy-abhāvāc ca na vidhi-spṛṣṭe niṣedhānavakāśaḥ iti nyāyāvatāraḥ | yuddhasya hi phalaṃ svargaḥ sa ca na niṣiddhaḥ | tathā ca manuḥ --
āhaveṣu mitho 'nyonyaṃ jighāṃsanto mahīkṣitaḥ |
yudhyamānāḥ paraṃ śaktyā svargaṃ yānty aparāṅmukhāḥ || [Manu 7.90] iti |
yuddhaṃ tu agnīṣomīyādy-ālambha-vadha-vihitatvān na niṣedhena spraṣṭuṃ śakyate ṣoḍaśi-grahaṇādivat | grahaṇāgrahayos tulya-balatayā vikalpavat sāmānya-śāstrasya viśeṣa-śāstreṇa saṅkoca-sambhavāt | tathā ca vidhi-spṛṣṭe niṣedhānavakāśaḥ iti nyāyād yuddhaṃ na pratyavāya-janakaṃ nāpi bhīṣma-droṇādi-guru-brāhmaṇādi-vadha-nimitto doṣaḥ | teṣām ātatāyitvāt | tad uktaṃ manunā -
guruṃ vā bāla-vṛddhau vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā bahu-śrutam |
ātatāyinam āyāntaṃ hanyād evāvicārayan ||
ātatāyinam āyāntam api vedānta-pāragam |
jighāṃsantaṃ jighāṃsīyān na tena brahmahā bhavet ||
nātatāyi-vadho doṣo hantur bhavati kaścana || [Manu 8.350-351] ity ādi |
nanu -
smṛtyor virodhe nyāyas tu balavān vyavahārataḥ |
artha-śāstrāt tu balavad dharma-śāstram iti sthitiḥ || [Yājñavalkya 2.21]
iti yājñavalkya-vacanād ātatāyi-brāhmaṇa-vadhe 'pi pratyavāyo 'sty eva | brāhmaṇaṃ na hanyāt iti hi dṛṣṭa-prayojanānapekṣatvād dharma-śāstraṃ, jighāṃsantaṃ jighāṃsīyān na tena brahmahā bhavet iti ca sva-jīvanārthatvād artha-śāstram |
atrocyate brahmaṇe brāhmaṇam ālabheta itivad yuddha-vidhāyakam api dharma-śāstram eva sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā ity atra dṛṣṭa-prayojanānapekṣatvasya vakṣyamāṇatvāt | yājñavalkya-vacanaṃ tu dṛṣṭa-prayojanoddeśyaka-kūṭa-yuddhādi-kṛta-vadha-viṣayam ity adoṣaḥ | mitākṣarākāras tu dharmārtha-sannipāte 'rtha-grāhiṇa etad eveti dvādaśa-vārṣika-prāyaścittasyaitac-chabda-parāmṛṣṭasyāpastambena vidhānān mitra-labdhyādy-artha-śāstrānusāreṇa catuṣpād vyavahāre śatror api jaye dharma-śāstrātikramo na kartavya ity etat paraṃ vacanam etad ity āha | bhavatv evaṃ na no hāniḥ | tad evaṃ yuddha-karaṇe sukhokteḥ svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava ity arjunoktam apākṛtam ||32||
viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca, jetṛbhyaḥ sakāśād api nyāya-yuddhe mṛtānām adhikaṃ sukham ato bhīṣmādīn hatvā tān pratyuta svato 'pi adhika-sukhinaḥ kuru ity āha yadṛcchayeti | svarga-sādhanaṃ karma-yogam akṛtvāpīty arthaḥ | apāvṛtam apagatāvaraṇam ||32||
baladevaḥ : kiṃ cāyatnād āgate 'smin mahati śreyasi na yuktas te kampa ity āha yadṛcchayeti | co 'vadhāraṇe | yatnaṃ vinaiva copapannam īdṛśaṃ bhīṣmādibhir mahā-vīraiḥ saha yuddhaṃ sukhinaḥ sabhāgyāḥ kṣatriyā labhante | vijaye satya-śrameṇa kīrti-rājyayor mṛtyau sati śīghram eva svargasya ca prāpter ity arthaḥ | etad vyañjayan viśinaṣṭi - svarga-dvāram upāvṛtam iti | apratiruddha-svarga-sādhanam ity arthaḥ | jyotiṣṭomādikaṃ ciratareṇa svargopalambhakam iti tato 'syātiśayaḥ ||32||
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BhG 2.33
atha cet tvam imaṃ dharmyaṃ saṃgrāmaṃ na kariṣyasi |
tataḥ sva-dharmaṃ kīrtiṃ ca hitvā pāpam avāpsyasi ||33||
śrīdharaḥ : viparyaye doṣam āha atha ced iti ||33||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu nāhaṃ yuddha-phala-kāmaḥ | na kāṅkṣe vijayaṃ kṛṣṇa, api trailokya-rājyasya ity uktatvāt tat kathaṃ mayā kartavyam ity āśaṅkyākaraṇe doṣam āha atha ced iti | atheti pakṣāntare | imaṃ bhīṣma-droṇādi-vīra-puruṣa-pratiyogikaṃ dharmyaṃ hiṃsādi-doṣaṇāduṣṭaṃ satāṃ dharmād anapetām iti vā | sa ca manunā darśitaḥ -
na kūṭair āyudhair hanyād yudhyamāno raṇe ripūn |
na karṇibhir nāpi digdhair nāgni-jvalita-tejanaiḥ ||
na ca hanyāt sthalārūḍhaṃ na klībaṃ na kṛtāñjalim |
na mukta-keśaṃ nāsīnaṃ na tavāsmīti vādinam ||
na suptaṃ na visaṃnāhaṃ na nagnaṃ na nirāyudham |
nāyudhyamānaṃ paśyantaṃ na pareṇa samāgatam ||
nāyudha-vyasana-prāptaṃ nārtaṃ nātiparikṣataṃ |
na bhītaṃ na parāvṛttaṃ satāṃ dharmam anusmaran || [Manu 7.91-94] iti |
satāṃ dharmam ullaṅghya yudhyamāno hi pāpīyān syāt | tvaṃ tu parair āhūto 'pi sad-dharmopetam api saṅgrāmaṃ yuddhaṃ na kariṣyasi dharmato lokato vā bhītaḥ parāvṛtto bhaviṣyasi cet tato nirjitya para-sainyāni kṣitiṃ dharmeṇa pālayet [Parāśara-smṛti 1.58] ity ādi-śāstra-vihitasya yuddhasyākaraṇāt svadharmaṃ hitvānanuṣṭhāya kīrtiṃ ca mahādevādi-samāgama-nimittāṃ hitvā na nivarteta saṅgrāmāt ity ādi-śāstra-niṣiddha-saṅgrāma-nivṛttyā ca raṇa-janyaṃ pāpam eva kevalam avāpsyasi na tu dharmaṃ kīrtiṃ cety abhiprāyaḥ |
athavā 'neka-janmārjitaṃ dharmaṃ tyaktvā rāja-kṛtaṃ pāpam evāvāpsyasīty arthaḥ | yasmāt tvāṃ parāvṛttam ete duṣṭā avaśyaṃ haniṣyanti ataḥ parāvṛtta-hataḥ saṃś ciropārjita-nija-sukṛta-parityāgena paropārjita-duṣkṛta-mātra-bhāṅ mā bhūr ity abhiprāyaḥ | tathā ca manuḥ -
yas tu bhītaḥ parāvṛttaḥ saṅgrāme hanyate paraiḥ |
bhartur yad duṣkṛtaṃ kiṃcit tat sarvaṃ pratipadyate ||
yac cāsya sukṛtaṃ kiṃcid amutrārtham upārjitam |
bhartā tat sarvam ādatte parāvṛtta-hatasya tu || [Manu 7.95-96] iti |
yājñavalkyo 'pi rājā sukṛtam ādatte hatānāṃ vipalāyinām iti | tena yad uktam - pāpam evāśrayed asmān hatvaitān ātatāyinaḥ [Gītā 1.36], etān na hantum icchāmi ghanto 'pi madhusūdana [Gītā 1.35] iti tan nirākṛtaṃ bhavati ||33||
viśvanāthaḥ : vipakṣe doṣam āha atheti caturbhiḥ ||33||
baladevaḥ : vipakṣe doṣān darśayati athety ādibhiḥ | svasya tava dharmyaṃ yuddha-lakṣaṇaṃ kīrtiṃ ca rudra-santoṣaṇa-nivāta-kavacādi-vadha-labdhāṃ hitvā pāpaṃ na nivarteta saṅgrāmād ity ādi smṛti-pratiṣiddhaṃ sva-dharma-tyāga-lakṣaṇaṃ prāpsyasi ||33||
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BhG 2.34
akīrtiṃ cāpi bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti te 'vyayām |
saṃbhāvitasya cākīrtir maraṇād atiricyate ||34||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca akīrtim ity ādi | avyayām śāśvatīm | saṃbhāvitasya bahu-matasya | atiricyate adhikatarā bhavati ||34||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ kīrti-dharmayor iṣṭayor aprāptir aniṣṭasya ca pāpasya prāptir yuddha-parityāge darśitā | tatra pāpākhyam aniṣṭaṃ vyavadhānena duḥkha-phaladam āmutrikatvāt | śiṣṭa-garhā-lakṣaṇaṃ tv aniṣṭam āsanna-phaladam atyasahyam ity āha akīrtim iti | bhūtāni devarṣi-manuṣyādīni te tavāvyayāṃ dīrgha-kālam akīrtiṃ na dharmātmāyaṃ na śūro 'yam ity evaṃ-rūpāṃ kathayiṣyanty anyonyaṃ kathā-prasaṅge | kīrti-dharma-nāśa-samuccayārthau nipātau | na kevalaṃ kīrti-dharmau hitvā pāpaṃ prāpsyasi api tu akīrtiṃ ca prāpsyasi | na kevalaṃ tvam eva tāṃ prāpsyasi api tu bhūtāny api kathayiṣyantīti vā nipātayor arthaḥ |
nanu yuddhe sva-maraṇa-sandehāt tat-parihārārtham akīrtir api soḍhavyā ātma-rakṣaṇasyātyantāpekṣitatvāt | tathā coktaṃ śānti-parvaṇi[*ENDNOTE] --
sāmnā dānena bhedena samastair atha vā pṛthak |
vijetuṃ prayatetārīn na yuddhena kadā cana ||
anityo vijayo yasmād dṛśyate yudhyamānayoḥ |
parājayaś ca saṃgrāme tasmād yuddhaṃ vivarjayet ||
trayāṇām apy upāyānāṃ pūrvoktānām asaṃbhave |
tathā yudhyeta saṃpanno vijayeta ripūn yathā || [ManuS 7.198-200]
evam eva manunāpy uktam |
tathā ca maraṇa-bhītasya kim akīrti-duḥkham iti śaṅkām apanudati sambhāvitasya dharmātmā śūra ity evam ādibhir ananya-labhyair guṇair bahumatasya janasyākīrtir maraṇād apy atiricyate 'dhikā bhavati | co hetau | evaṃ yasmād ato 'kīrter maraṇam eva varaṃ nyūnatvāt | tvam apy atirsambhāvito 'si mahādevādi-samāgamena | ato nākīrti-duḥkhaṃ soḍhuṃ śakṣyasīty abhiprāyaḥ | udāhṛta-vacanaṃ tv artha-śāstratvāt na nivarteta saṅgrāmāt [Manu 7.88] ity ādi-dharma-śāstrād durbalam iti bhāvaḥ ||34||
viśvanāthaḥ : avyayām anaśvarām | saṃbhāvitasyātipratiṣṭhitasya ||34||
baladevaḥ : na kevalaṃ svadharmasya kīrteś ca kṣati-mātram | yuddhe samārabdhe 'rjunaḥ palāyata ity avyayāṃ śāśvatīm akīrtiṃ ca tava bhūtāni sarve lokāḥ kathayiṣyanti | nanu maraṇād bhītena mayā akīrtiḥ soḍhavyeti cet tatrāha sambhāvitasyātipratiṣṭhitasya | atiricyate adhikā bhavati | tathā ca tādṛśākīṛter maraṇam eva varam iti ||34||
bhayād raṇād uparataṃ maṃsyante tvāṃ mahārathāḥ |
yeṣāṃ ca tvaṃ bahumato bhūtvā yāsyasi lāghavam ||35||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca bhayād iti | yeṣāṃ bahu-guṇatvena tvaṃ pūrvaṃ sammato 'bhūs ta eva bhayāt saṃgrāmān nivṛttaṃ tvāṃ manyeran | tataś ca pūrvaṃ bahumato bhūtvā lāghavam laghutāṃ yāsyasi ||35||
madhusūdanaḥ :
viśvanāthaḥ : yeṣāṃ tvaṃ bahu-mato 'smac-chatrur arjunas tu mahāśūra iti bahu-saṃmāna-viṣayo bhūtvā samprati yuddhād uparame sati lāghavaṃ yāsyasi te duryodhanādayo mahārathās tvāṃ bhayād eva raṇād uparataṃ maṃsyanta ity anvayaḥ | kṣatriyāṇāṃ hi bhayaṃ vinā yuddhoparati-hetur bandhu-snehādiko nopapadyata iti matveti bhāvaḥ ||35||
baladevaḥ : nanu kula-kṣaya-doṣāt kāruṇyāc ca vinivṛttasya mama katham akīrtiḥ syād iti cet tatrāha bhayād iti | mahārathā duryodhanādayas tvāṃ karṇādi-bhayān na tu bandhu-kāruṇyād raṇād uparataṃ maṃsyante | na hi śūrasya śatru-bhayaṃ vinā bandhu-snehena yuddhād uparatir ity arthaḥ | itaḥ pūrvaṃ yeṣāṃ tvaṃ bahumataḥ śūro vairīti bahu-guṇavattayā saṃmato 'bhūr idānīṃ yuddhe samupasthite kātaro 'yaṃ vinivṛtta ity evaṃ tat-kṛtaṃ lāghavaṃ duḥsahaṃ yāsyasi ||35||
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BhG 2.36
avācya-vādāṃś ca bahūn vadiṣyanti tavāhitāḥ |
nindantas tava sāmarthyaṃ tato duḥkhataraṃ nu kim ||36||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca avācya-vādān iti | avācyān vādān vacanānarhān śabdān tava ahitāḥ tvac-chatravo vadiṣyanti ||36||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bhīṣmādayo mahārathā na bahu manyantāṃ duryodhanādayas tu śatravo bahu maṃsyante māṃ yuddha-nivṛttyā tad-upakāritvād ity ata āha avācyeti | tavāsādhāraṇaṃ yat sāmarthyaṃ loka-prasiddhaṃ tan nindantas tava śatravo duryodhanādayo 'vācyān vādān vacanān arhān ṣaṇḍha-tilādi-rūpān eva śabdān bahūn aneka-prakārān vadiṣyanti na tu bahu maṃsyanta ity abhiprāyaḥ | athavā tava sāmarthyaṃ stuti-yogyatvaṃ tava nindanto 'hitā avācya-vādān vadiṣyantīty anvayaḥ |
nanu bhīṣma-droṇādi-vadha-prayuktaṃ kaṣṭataraṃ duḥkham asahamāno yuddhān nivṛttaḥ śatru-kṛta-sāmarthya-nindanādi-duḥkhaṃ soḍhuṃ śakṣyāmīty ata āha tatas tasmān nindā-prāpti-duḥkhāt kiṃ tu duḥkhataraṃ tato 'dhikaṃ kim api duḥkhaṃ nāstīty arthaḥ ||36||
viśvanāthaḥ : avācya-vādān | klība ity ādi kaṭūktīḥ ||36||
baladevaḥ : kiṃ cāvācyeti | ahitāḥ śatravo dhārtarāṣṭrās tava sāmarthyaṃ pūrva-siddhaṃ parākramaṃ nindantaḥ bahūn avācya-vādān śaṇḍhatilādi-śabdān vadiṣyanti | tata evaṃvidhāvācya-vāda-śravaṇād atiśāyitaṃ kiṃ duḥkham asti | itthaṃ caite ṣaḍbhir yuddha-vairāgyasyāsvargatvam akīrti-karatvaṃ coktaṃ darśitam ||36||
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BhG 2.37
hato vā prāpsyasi svargaṃ jitvā vā bhokṣyase mahīm |
tasmād uttiṣṭha kaunteya yuddhāya kṛta-niścayaḥ ||37||
śrīdharaḥ : yad uktaṃ na caitad vidmaḥ [Gītā 2.6] iti tatrāha hato vety ādi | pakṣa-dvaye 'pi tava lābha evety arthaḥ ||37||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu tarhi yuddhe gurv-ādi-vadha-vaśān madhyastha-kṛtā nindā tato nivṛttau tu śatru-kṛtā nindety ubhayataḥ pāśā rajjur ity āśaṅkya jaye parājaye ca lābha-dhrauvyād yuddhārtham evotthānam āvaśyakam ity āha hato veti | spaṣṭaṃ pūrvārdham | yasmād ubhayathāpi te lābhas tasmāj jeṣyāmi śatrūn mariṣyāmi veti kṛta-niścayaḥ san yuddhāyottiṣṭha | nayatara-phala-sandehe 'pi yuddha-kartavyatāyā niścitatvāt | etena na caitad vidmaḥ kataran no garīyaḥ [Gītā 2.6] ity ādi parihṛtam ||37||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu yuddhe mama jaya eva bhāvīty api nāsti niścayaḥ | tataś ca kathaṃ yuddhe pravartitavyam ity ata āha hata iti ||37||
baladevaḥ : nanu yuddhe vijaya eva me syād iti niścayābhāvāt tato 'haṃ nivṛtto 'smīti cet tatrāha hato veti | pakṣa-dvaye 'pi te lābha eveti bhāvaḥ ||37||
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BhG 2.38
sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā lābhālābhau jayājayau |
tato yuddhāya yujyasva naivaṃ pāpam avāpsyasi ||38||
śrīdharaḥ : yad apy uktaṃ pāpam evāśrayed asmān [Gītā 1.36] iti tatrāha sukha-duḥkhe ity ādi | sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā | tathā tayoḥ kāraṇa-bhūtau lābhālābhāv api | tayor api kāraṇa-bhūtāu jayājayāv api samau kṛtvā | eteṣāṃ samatve kāraṇaṃ harṣa-viṣāda-rāhityam | yujyasva sannadho bhava | sukhādy-abhilāsaṃ hitvā svadharma-buddhyā yudhyamānaḥ pāpaṃ na prāpsyasīty arthaḥ ||38||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanv evaṃ svargam uddiśya yuddha-karaṇe tasya nityatva-vyāghātaḥ | rājyam uddiśya yuddha-karaṇe tv artha-śāstratvād dharma-śāstrāpekṣayā daurbalyaṃ syāt | tataś ca kāmyasyākaraṇe kutaḥ pāpaṃ dṛṣṭārthasya guru-brāhmaṇādi-vadhasya kuto dharmatvaṃ, tathā cātha ced iti ślokārtho vyāhata iti cet tatrāha sukha-duḥkhe iti |
samatā-karaṇaṃ rāga-dveṣa-rāhityam | sukhe tat-kāraṇe lābhe tat-kāraṇe lābhe tat-kāraṇe jaye ca rāgam akṛtvā, evaṃ duḥkhe tad-dhetāv alābhe tad-dhetāv ajaye ca dveṣam akṛtvā tato yuddhāya yujyasva sannadhau bhava | evaṃ sukha-kāmanāṃ duḥkha-nivṛtti-kāmanāṃ vā vihāya svadharma-buddhyā yudhyamāno guru-brāhmaṇādi-vadha-nimittaṃ nitya-karmākaraṇa-nimittaṃ ca pāpaṃ na prāpsyasi | yas tu phala-kāmanayā karoti sa guru-brāhmaṇādi-vadha-nimittaṃ pāpaṃ prāpnoti yo vā na karoti sa nitya-karmākaraṇa-nimittam | ataḥ phala-kāmanām antareṇa kurvann ubhaya-vidham api pāpaṃ na prāpnotīti prāg eva vyākhyāto 'bhiprāyaḥ | hato vā prāpsyasi svargaṃ jitvā vā bhokṣyase mahīm [Gītā 2.37] iti svānuṣaṅgika-phala-kathanam iti na doṣaḥ | tathā ca āpastambaḥ smarati - tad yathāmre
phalārthe nimitte chāyā-gandhāvanūtpadyete evaṃ dharmaṃ caryamāṇam arthā anūtpadyante no ced anūtpadyante na dharma-hānir bhavati iti | ato yuddha-śāstrasyārtha-śāstratvābhāvāt pāpam evāśrayed asmān [Gītā 1.36] ity ādi nirākṛtaṃ bhavati ||38||
viśvanāthaḥ : tasmāt tava sarvathā yuddham eva dharmas tad api yad imaṃ pāpa-kāraṇam āśaṅkase, tarhi mattaḥ pāpānutpatti-prakāraṃ śikṣitvā yudhyasvety āha sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā | tad-dhetur lābhālābhau rājya-lābha-rāja-cyūtī api | tad-dhetur jayājayāv api samau kṛtvā vivekena tulyau vibhāvety arthaḥ | tataś caivaṃ-bhūta-sāmya-lakṣaṇe jñānavatas tava pāpaṃ naiva bhavet | yad vakṣyate lipyate na sa pāpena padma-patram ivāmbhasā [Gītā 5.10] iti ||38||
baladevaḥ : nanu atha cet tvam ity ādi-padyārtho vyāhṛtaḥ | rājyādy-uddeśena kṛtasya yuddhasya guru-viprādi-vināśa-hetutvena pāpotpādakatvād iti cen mumukṣu-vartmanā yuddhamānasya tava tad-vināśa-hetukaṃ pāpaṃ na syād ity āha sukheti | sāmya-karaṇam iha tatra tatra nirvikāratvaṃ bodhyam | sukhe tad-dhetau jaye ca rāgam akṛtvā duḥkhe tad-dhetāv alābhe tad-dhetau parājaye ca dveṣam akṛtvā tatra tatra nirvikāra-cittaḥ san tato yuddhāya yujyasva | kevala-svadharma-dhiyā yoddhum udyukto bhavety arthaḥ | evaṃ mumukṣu-rītyā yoddhā tvaṃ pāpaṃ tad-vināśa-hetukaṃ nāvāpsyasi | phalecchuḥ san yo yudhyate sa tat-pāpaṃ vindati | vijñānārthī tu purātanam ananta-pāpam apanudatīty arthaḥ |
nanu phala-rāgaṃ vinā duṣkare yuddha-dānādau kathaṃ pravṛttir iti ced anantātmānanda-rāgaṃ tatra pravartakaṃ gṛhāṇa rājyādy-anurāgam iva bhṛgu-pāte ||38||
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BhG 2.39
eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṃkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu |
buddhyā yukto yayā pārtha karmabandhaṃ prahāsyasi ||39||
śrīdharaḥ : upadiṣṭaṃ jñāna-yogam upasaṃharaṃs tat-sādhanaṃ karma-yogaṃ prastauti eṣety ādi | samyak khyāyate prakāśyate vastu-tattvam anayeti saṅkhyā samyak jñānam | tasyāṃ prakāśamānam ātma-tattvaṃ sāṅkhyam | tasmin karaṇīyā buddhir eṣā tavābhihitā | evam abhihitāyām api tava ced ātma-tattvam aparokṣaṃ na bhavati tarhy antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-dvārā ātma-tattvāparokṣārthaṃ karma-yoga tv imāṃ buddhiṃ śṛṇu | yayā buddhyā yuktaḥ parameśvarārpita-karma-yogena śuddhāntaḥkaraṇaḥ san tat-prasāda-labdhāparokṣa-jñānena karmātmakaṃ bandhaṃ prakarṣeṇa hāsyasi tyakṣyasi ||39||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bhavatu svadharma-buddhyā yudhyamānasya pāpābhāvaḥ, tathāpi na māṃ prati yuddha-kartavyatopadeśas tavocitaḥ | ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ [Gītā 2.19] ity ādinā kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ pārtha kaṃ ghātayati hanti kam [Gītā 2.21] ity antena viduṣaḥ sarva-karma-pratikṣepāt | na hy akartr-bhoktṛ-śuddha-svarūpo 'ham asmi yuddhaṃ kṛtvā tat-phalaṃ bhokṣya iti ca jñānaṃ sambhavati virodhāt | jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayāsambhavāt prakāśa-tamasor iva | ayaṃ cārjunābhiprāyo jyāyasī ced ity atra vyakto bhaviṣyati | tasmād ekam eva māṃ prati jñānasya karmaṇaś copadeśo nopapadyata iti cet, na | vidvad-avidvad-avasthā-bhedena jñāna-karmopadeśopapatter ity āha bhagavān eṣeti |
eṣā na tv evāham ity ādy-eka-viṃśati-ślokais te tubhyam abhihitā sāṅkhye samyak khyāyate sarvopādhi-śūnyatayā pratipādyate paramātma-tattvam anayeti saṅkhyopaniṣat tayaiva tāparya-parisamāptyā pratipādyate yaḥ sa sāṅkhya aupaniṣadaḥ puruṣa ity arthaḥ | tasmin buddhis tan-mātra-viṣayaṃ jñānaṃ sarvānartha-nivṛtti-kāraṇaṃ tvāṃ prati mayoktaṃ naitādṛśa-jñānavataḥ kvacid api karmocyate | tasya kāryaṃ na vidyata iti vakṣyamāṇatvāt |
yadi punar evaṃ mayokte 'pi tavaiṣā buddhir nodeti citta-doṣāt, tadā tad-apanayenātma-tattva-sākṣātkārāya karma-yoga eva tvayānuṣṭheyaḥ | tasmin yoge karma-yoge tu karaṇīyām imāṃ sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā ity atroktāṃ phalābhisandhi-tyāga-lakṣaṇāṃ buddhiṃ vistareṇa mayā vakṣyamāṇāṃ śṛṇu | tu-śabdaḥ pūrva-buddher yoga-viṣayatva-vyatireka-sūcanārthaḥ | tathā ca śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ prati jñānopadeśo 'śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ prati karmopadeśa iti kutaḥ samuccaya-śaṅkayā virodhāvakāśa ity abhiprāyaḥ |
yoga-viṣayāṃ buddhiṃ phala-kathanena stauti - yathā vyavasāyātmikayā buddhyā karmasu yuktas tvaṃ karma-nimittaṃ bandha-nāśāyāśuddhi-lakṣaṇaṃ jñāna-pratibandhaṃ prakarṣeṇa punaḥ pratibandhānutpatti-rūpeṇa hāsyasi tyakṣyasi | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - karma-nimitto jñāna-pratibandhaḥ karmaṇaiva dharmākhyenāpanetuṃ śakyate dharmeṇa pāpam apanudati [Mahānā 13.6] iti śruteḥ | śravaṇādi-lakṣaṇo vicāras tu karmātmaka-pratibandha-rahitasyāsambhāvanādi-pratibandhaṃ dṛṣṭa-dvāreṇāpanayatīti na karma-bandha-nirākaraṇāyopadeṣṭuṃ śakyate | ato 'tyanta-malināntaḥ-karaṇatvād bahir aṅga-sādhanaṃ karmaiva tvayānuṣṭheyaṃ, nādhunā śravaṇādi-yogyatāpi tava jātā | dūre tu jñāna-yogyateti | tathā ca vakṣyati - karmaṇy evādhikāras te [Gītā 2.47] iti | etena sāṅkhya-buddher
antaraṅga-sādhanaṃ śravaṇādi vihāya bahiraṅga-sādhanaṃ karmaiva bhagavatā kim ity arjunāyopadiśyata iti nirastam | karma-bandhaṃ saṃsāram īśvara-prasāda-nimitta-jñāna-prāptyā prahāsyasīti prācāṃ vyākhyāne tv adhyāhāra-doṣaḥ karma-pada-vaiyarthyaṃ ca parihartavyam ||39||
viśvanāthaḥ : upadiṣṭaṃ jñāna-yogam upasaṃharati eṣeti | samyak khyāyate prakāśyate vastu-tattvam aneneti sāṅkhyaṃ samyak jñānam | tasmin karaṇīyā buddhir eṣa kathitā | adhunā yoge bhakti-yoge imāṃ vakṣyamāṇāṃ buddhiṃ karaṇīyāṃ śṛṇu, yayā bhakti-viṣayiṇyā buddhyā yuktaḥ sahitaḥ | karma-bandhaṃ saṃsāram ||39||
baladevaḥ : uktaṃ jñāna-yogam upasaṃharan tad-upāyaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yogaṃ vaktum ārabhate eṣeti | saṅkhyopaniṣat samyak khyāyate nirūpyate tattvam anayā iti nirukteḥ | tayā pratipādyam ātma-yāthātmyaṃ sāṅkhyam | śaiṣikān tasmin kartavyaiṣā buddhis tavābhihitā | ne tv evāhaṃ ity ādinā tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni ity antena | sā cet tava citta-tad-doṣān nābhyudeti tarhi yoge tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasā nāśakena ity ādi śruty-uktāntargata-jñāne niṣkāma-karma-yoge kartavyām imāṃ vakṣyamāṇāṃ buddhiṃ śṛṇu | phaloktyā tāṃ stauti yayeti | karmāṇi kurvāṇas tvaṃ bhagavad-ājñayā mahā-prayāsāni karmāṇi kurvaṃs tat-tad-uddeśa-mahimnā tvad-antar-abhyuditayātma-jñāna-niṣṭhayā saṃsāraṃ tariṣyasīti | paśu-putra-rājyādi-phalakaṃ
karma sa-kāmaṃ jñāna-phalakaṃ tu tan-niṣkāmam iti śāstre 'smin paribhāṣyate ||39||
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BhG 2.40
nehābhikrama-nāśo 'sti pratyavāyo na vidyate |
svalpam apy asya dharmasya trāyate mahato bhayāt ||40||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu kṛṣyādivat karmaṇāṃ kadācid vighna-bāhulyena phale vyabhicārāt mantrādy-aṅga-vaiguṇyena ca pratyavāya-sambhavaāt kutaḥ karma-yogena karma-bandha-prahāṇam | tatrāha nehety ādi | iha niṣkāma-karma-yoge abhikramasya prārambhasya nāśo niṣphalatvaṃ nāsti | pratyavāyaś ca na vidyate | īśvaroddeśenaiva vighna-vaiguṇyādy-asambhavāt | kiṃ cāsya dharmasya īśvarārādhanārtha-karma-yogasya svalpam apy upakrama-mātram api kṛtaṃ mahato bhayāt saṃsāra-lakṣaṇāt trāyate rakṣati | na tu kāmya-karmavat kiñcid aṅga-vaikguṇyādinā naiṣphalyam asyety arthaḥ ||40||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena [BAU 4.4.22] iti śrutyā vividiṣāṃ jñānaṃ coddiśya saṃyoga-pṛthaktva-nyāyena sarva-karmaṇāṃ viniyogāt tatra cāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddher dvāratvān māṃ prati karmānuṣṭhānaṃ vidhīyate | tatra tad yatheha karma-jito lokaḥ kṣīyata evam evāmutra puṇya-jito lokaḥ kṣīyate [Chā 8.1.6] iti śruti-bodhitasya phala-nāśasya sambhāvāj jñānaṃ vividiṣāṃ coddiśya kriyamāṇasya yajñādeḥ kāmyatvāt sarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇānuṣṭheyasya yat kiṃcid aṅgāsampattāv api vaiguṇyāpatter yajñenety ādi-vākya-vihitānāṃ ca sarveṣāṃ karmaṇām ekena puruṣāyuṣa-paryavasāne 'pi kartum aśakyatvāt kutaḥ karma-bandhaṃ prahāsyasīti-phalaṃ pratyāśety ata āha bhagavān neheti |
abhikramyate karmaṇā prārabhyate yat phalaṃ so 'bhikramas tasya nāśas tad yathehety ādinā pratipādita iha niṣkāma-karma-yoge nāsti | etat-phalasya śuddheḥ pāpa-kṣaya-rūpatvena loka-śabda-vācya-bhogyatvābhāvena ca kṣayāsambhavāt | vedana-paryantāyā eva vividiṣāyāḥ karma-phalatvād vedanasya cāvyavadhānenājñāna-nivṛtti-phala-janakasya phalam ajanayitvā nāśāsambhavād iha phala-nāśo nāstīti sādhūktam | tad uktaṃ -
tad yatheheti yā nindā sā phale na tu karmaṇi |
phalecchāṃ tu parityajya kṛtaṃ karma viśuddhi-kṛt || iti |
tathā pratyavāyo 'ṅga-vaiguṇya-nibandhanaṃ vaiguṇyam iha na vidyate tam iti vākyena nityānām evopātta-durita-kṣaya-dvāreṇa vividiṣāyāṃ viniyogāt | tatra ca sarvāṅgopasaṃhāra-niyamābhāvāt | kāmyānām api saṃyoga-pṛthaktva-nyāyena viniyoga iti pakṣe 'pi phalābhisandhi-rahitatvena teṣāṃ nitya-tulyatvāt | nahi kāmya-nityāgnihotrayoḥ svataḥ kaścid viśeṣo 'sti | phalābhisandhi-tad-abhāṣābhyām eva tu kāmyatva-nityatva-vyapadeśaḥ | idaṃ ca pakṣa-dvayam uktaṃ vārtike -
vedānuvacanādīnām aikātmya-jñāna-janmane |
tam etam iti vākyena nityānāṃ vakṣyate vidhiḥ ||
yad vā vividiṣārthatvaṃ kāmyānām api karmaṇām |
tam etam iti vākyena saṃyogasya pṛthaktvataḥ || iti |
tathā ca phalābhisandhinā kriyamāṇa eva karmaṇi sarvāṅgopa-saṃhāra-niyamāt tad-vilakṣaṇe śuddhy-arthe karmaṇi pratinidhyādinā samāpti-sambhavān nāṅga-vaiguṇya-nimittaḥ pratyavāyo 'stīty arthaḥ | tathāsya śuddhy-arthasya dharmasya tam etam ity ādi-vākya-vihitasya madhye svalpam api saṅkhyayetikartavyatayā vā yathā-śakti-bhagavad-ārādhanārthaṃ kiṃcid apy anuṣṭhitaṃ san mahataḥ saṃsāra-bhayāt trāyate bhagavat-prasāda-sampādanenānuṣṭhātāraṃ rakṣati |
sarva-pāpa-prasakto 'pi dhyāyan nimiṣam acyutam |
bhūyas tapasvī bhavati paṅki-pāvana-pāvanaḥ || ity ādi smṛteḥ |
tam etam iti vākye samuccaya-vidhāyakābhāvāc cāśuddhi-tāratamyād evānuṣṭhāna-tāratamyopapatter yuktam uktaṃ karma-bandhaṃ prahāsyasi ||40||
viśvanāthaḥ : atra yogo dvividhaḥ śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-bhakti-rūpaḥ, śrī-bhagavad-arpita-niṣkāma-karma-rūpaś ca | tatra karmaṇy evādhikāraḥ ity ataḥ prāg bhakti-yoga eva nirūpyate | nistraiguṇyo bhavārjuna ity ukter bhakter eve triguṇātītatvāt tayaiva puruṣo nistraiguṇyo bhavatīty ekādaśa-skandhe[*ENDNOTE] prasiddheḥ | jñāna-karmaṇos tu sāttvikatva-rājasatvābhyāṃ nistraiguṇyatvānupapatter bhagavad-arpita-lakṣaṇā bhaktis tu karmaṇo vaiphalyābhāva-mātraṃ pratipādayati, na tu svasya bhakti-vyapadeśaṃ prādhānyābhāvād eva | yadi ca bhagavad-arpitaṃ karmāpi bhaktir eveti mataṃ, tadā karma kiṃ syāt ? yad-bhagavad-anarpita-karma, tad eva karmeti cen, na |
naiṣkarmyam apy acyuta-bhāva-varjitaṃ
na śobhate jñānam alaṃ nirañjanam |
kutaḥ punaḥ śaśvad abhadram īśvare
na cārpitaṃ karma yad apy akāraṇam || [BhP 1.5.12]
iti nāradoktyā tasya vaiyarthya-pratipādanāt | tasmād atra bhagvac-caraṇa-mādhurya-prāpti-sādhanībhūtā kevala-śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-lakṣaṇaiva bhaktir nirūpyate, yathā niṣkāma-karma-yoga 'pi nirūpayitavyaḥ | ubhāv apy etau buddhi-yoga-śabda-vācyau jñeyau - dadāmi buddhi-yogaṃ taṃ yena mām upayānti te [10.10], dūreṇa hy avaraṃ karma buddhi-yogād dhanañjaya [2.49] iti cokteḥ |
atha nirguṇa-śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-bhakti-yogasya māhātmyam āha neheti | iha bhakti-yoge 'bhikrame ārambha-mātre kṛte 'py asya bhaktiyogasya nāśo nāsti | tataḥ pratyavāyaś ca na syāt | yathā karma-yoge ārambhaṃ kṛtvā karmānuṣṭhitavataḥ karma-nāśa-pratyavāyau syātām iti bhāvaḥ |
nanu tarhi tasya bhakty-anuṣṭhātu-kāmasya samucita-bhakty-akaraṇāt bhakti-phalaṃ tu naiva syāt | tatrāha svalpam iti | asya dharmasya svalpam apy ārambha-samaye yā kiñcin-mātrī bhaktir abhūt | sāpīty arthaḥ | mahato bhayāt saṃsārāt trāyata eva | yan-nāma sakṛc-chravaṇāt pukkaśo 'pi vimucyate saṃsārād ity [BhP 6.16.44] ādi-śravaṇāt | ajāmilādau tathā darśanāc ca |
na hy aṅgopakrame dhvaṃso
mad-dharmasyoddhavāṇv api |
mayā vyavasitaḥ samyaṅ
nirguṇatvād anāśiṣaḥ || [BhP 11.29.20]
iti bhagavato vākyena sahāsya-vākyasyaikārtham eva dṛśyate | kintu tatra nirguṇatvān na hi guṇātītaṃ vastu kadācid dhvastaṃ bhavatīti hetur upanyastaḥ | sa cehāpi draṣṭavyaḥ | na ca niṣkāma-karmaṇo 'pi bhagavad-arpaṇa-mahimnā nirguṇatvam eveti vācyam - mad-arpaṇaṃ niṣphalaṃ vā sāttvikaṃ nija-karma tat [BhP 11.25.23] ||40||
baladevaḥ : vakṣyamāṇayā buddhyā yuktaṃ karma-yogaṃ stauti neheti | iha tam etam ity ādi vākyokteḥ niṣkāma-karma-yoge 'bhikramasyārambhasya phalotpādakatva-nāśo nāsti | ārambhasyāsamāptasya vaiphalyaṃ na bhavatīty arthaḥ | mantrādy-aṅga-vaikalye ca pratyavāyo na vidyate | ātmoddeśa-mahimnā oṃ tat sat iti bhagavan-nāmnā ca tasya vināśāt | iha bhagavad-arpitasya niṣāma-karma-lakṣaṇa-dharmasya kiñcid apy anuṣṭhitaṃ san mahato bhayāt saṃsārāt trāyate anuṣṭhātāraṃ rakṣati | vakṣyati caivaṃ pārtha naiveha nāmutra [Gītā 6.40] ity ādinā | kāmya-karmāṇi sarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇānuṣṭhitāny ukta-phalāya kalpante | mantrādy-aṅga-vaikalye tu pratyavāyaṃ janayantīti | niṣkāma-karmāṇi tu yathā-śakty-anuṣṭhitāni jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇaṃ phalaṃ janayanty evokta-hetutaḥ
pratyavāyaṃ noptādayantīti ||40||
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BhG 2.41
vyavasāyātmikā buddhir ekeha kuru-nandana |
bahu-śākhā hy anantāś ca buddhayo 'vyavasāyinām ||41||
śrīdharaḥ : kuta ity apekṣāyām ubhayor vaiṣamyam āha vyavasāyātmiketi | iha īśvarārādhana-lakṣaṇe karma-yoge vyavasāyātmikā parameśvara-bhaktyaiva dhruvaṃ tariṣyāmīti niścayātmikā ekaiva ekaniṣṭhaiva buddhir bhavati | avyavasāyināṃ tu īśvarārādhana-bahirmukhānāṃ kāmināṃ kāmānām ānantyāt anantāḥ | tatrāpi hi karma-phala-guṇa-phalatvādi-prakāra-bhedād bahu-śākhāś ca buddhayo bhavanti | īśvarārādhanārthaṃ hi nityaṃ naimittikaṃ ca karma kiñcid aṅga-vaiguṇye 'pi na naśyati | yathā śaknuyāt tathā kuryād iti hi tad vidhīyate | na ca vaiguṇyam api | īśvaroddeśenaiva vaiguṇyopaśamāt | na tu tathā kāmyaṃ karma | ato mahad vaiṣamyam iti bhāvaḥ ||41||
madhusūdanaḥ : etad-upapādanāya tam etam iti vākya-vihitānām ekārthatvam āha vyavasāyātmiketi | he kurunandaneha śreyo-mārge tam etam iti vākye vā vyavasāyātmikātma-tattva-niścayātmikā buddhir ekaiva caturṇām āśramāṇāṃ sādhyā vivakṣitā vedānuvacanena ity ādau tṛtīyā-vibhaktyā pratyekaṃ nirapekṣa-sādhanatva-bodhanāt | bhinnārthatve hi samuccayaḥ syāt | ekārthatve 'pi darśa-pūrṇamāsābhyām itivad dvandva-samāsena yad agnaye ca prajāpataye cetivac ca-śabdena na tathātra kiṃcit pramāṇam astīty arthaḥ | sāṅkhya-viṣayā yoga-viṣayā ca buddhir eka-phalatvād ekā vyavasāyātmikā sarva-viparīta-buddhīnāṃ bādhikā nirdoṣa-veda-vākya-samutthatvād itarās tv avyavasāyināṃ buddhayo bādhyā ity artha iti bhāṣya-kṛtaḥ | anye tu parameśvarārādhanenaiva saṃsāraṃ tariṣyāmīti
niścayātmikaika-niṣṭhaiva buddhir iha karma-yoge bhavatīty artham āhuḥ | sarvathāpi tu jñāna-kāṇḍānusāreṇa svalpam apy asya dharmasya trāyate mahato bhayāt ity upapannam | karma-kāṇḍe punar bahu-śākhā aneka-bhedāḥ kāmānām aneka-bhedatvāt | anantāś ca karma-phala-guṇa-phalādi-prakāropaśākhā-bhedāt, buddhayo bhavanty avyavasāyināṃ tat-tat-phala-kāmānām | buddhīnām ānantya-prasiddhi-dyotanārtho hi-śabdaḥ | ataḥ kāmya-karmāpekṣayā mahad-vailakṣaṇya-śuddhy-artha-karmaṇām ity abhiprāyaḥ ||41||
viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca sarvābhyo 'pi buddhibhyo bhakti-yoga-viṣayiṇy eva buddhir uktṛṣṭety āha vyavasāyeti | iha bhakti-yoge vyavasāyātmikā buddhir ekaiva | mama śrīmad-gurūpadiṣṭaṃ bhagavat-kīrtana-smaraṇa-caraṇa-paricarṇādikam etad eva mama sādhanam etad eva mama sādhyam etad eva mama jīvātuḥ sādhana-sādhya-daśayos tyaktum aśakyam etad eva me kāmyam etad eva me kāryam etad anyan na me kāryaṃ nāpy abhilaṣaṇīyaṃ svapne 'pīty atra sukham astu duḥkhaṃ vāstu saṃsāro naśyatu vā na naśyatu | tatra mama kāpi na kṣatir ity evaṃ niścayātmikā buddhir akaitava-bhaktāv eva sambhavet | tad uktaṃ - tato bhajeta māṃ bhaktyā śraddhālur dṛḍha-niścayaḥ [BhP 11.20.28] iti |
tato 'nyatra naiva buddhir ekety āha bahv iti | bahavaḥ śākhā yāsāṃ tāḥ | tathā hi karma-yoge kāmānām ānantyād buddhayo 'nantāḥ | tathaiva jñāna-yoge prathamam antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhy-arthaṃ niṣkāma-karmaṇi buddhis tatas tasmin śuddhe sati karma-saṃnyāse buddhiḥ | tadā jñāne buddhiḥ | jñāna-vaiphalyābhāvārthaṃ bhaktau buddhiḥ jñānaṃ ca mayi saṃnyaset iti bhagavad-ukter jñāna-saṃnyāse ca bhaktau buddhir iti buddhayo 'nantāḥ | karma-jñāna-bhaktīnām avaśyānuṣṭheyatvāt tat-tac-chākhā apy anantāḥ ||41||
baladevaḥ : kāmya-karma-viṣayaka-buddhito niṣkāma-karma-viṣayaka-buddher vaiśiṣṭyam āha vyavasāyeti | he kurunandana iha vaidikeṣu sarveṣu karmasu vyavasāyātmikā bhagavad-arcana-rūpair niṣkāma-karmabhir viśuddha-citto viṣorṇādivat tad-antargatena jñānenātma-yāthātmyam aham anubhaviṣyāmīti niścaya-rūpā buddhir ekā ekav-viṣayatvāt | ekasmai tad-anubhavāya teṣāṃ vihitatvād iti yāvat | avyavasāyinām kāmya-karmānuṣṭhātṝṇāṃ tu buddhayo hy anantāḥ | paśv-anna-putra-svargādy-ananta-kāma-viṣayatvāt | tatrāpi bahu-śākhāḥ | eka-phalake 'pi darśa-paurṇamāsādāv āyuḥ suprajastādy-avāntarāneka-phalāśaṃsā-śravaṇāt | atra hi dehātiriktātma-jñāna-mātram apekṣate na tūktātma-yāthātmyaṃ tan niścaye kāmya-karmasu pravṛtter asambhavāt ||41||
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BhG 2.42-44
yām imāṃ puṣpitāṃ vācaṃ pravadanty avipaścitaḥ |
veda-vāda-ratāḥ pārtha nānyad astīti vādinaḥ ||42||
kāmātmānaḥ svarga-parā janma-karma-phala-pradām |
kriyā-viśeṣa-bahulāṃ bhogaiśvarya-gatiṃ prati ||43||
bhogaiśvarya-prasaktānāṃ tayāpahṛta-cetasām |
vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ samādhau na vidhīyate ||44||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu kāmino 'pi kaṣṭān kāmān vihāya vyavasāyātmikām eva buddhiṃ kim iti na kurvanti | tatrāha yām imām ity ādi | yām imāṃ puṣpitāṃ viṣa-latāvad āpāta-ramaṇīyāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ paramārtha-phala-parām eva vadanti vācaṃ svargādi-phala-śrutim | teṣāṃ tayā vācā 'pahṛta-cetasāṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ samādhau na vidhīyate iti tṛtīyenānvayaḥ | kim iti tathā vadanti | yato 'vipaścito mūḍhāḥ | tatra hetuḥ veda-vāda-ratā iti | vede ye vādā artha-vādāḥ | akṣayyaṃ ha vai cāturmāsya-yājinaḥ sukṛtaṃ bhavati | tathā, apāṃ somam amṛtā ambhūma ity ādyāḥ | teṣv eva ratāḥ prītāḥ | ataevātaḥparam anyad īśvara-tattvaṃ prāpyaṃ nāstīti-vadana-śīlāḥ ||42||
ataeva kāmātmāna iti | kāmātmānaḥ kāmākulita-cittāḥ | ataḥ svarga eva paraḥ puruṣārtho yeṣāṃ te | janma ca tatra karmāṇi ca tat-phalāni ca pradadātīti tathā | tāṃ bhogaiśvaryayor gatiṃ prāptiṃ prati sādhana-bhūtā ye kriyā-viśeṣās te bahulā yasyāṃ tāṃ pravadantīty anuṣaṅgaḥ ||43||
tataś ca bhogaiśvarya-prasaktānām ity ādi | bhogaiśvaryayoḥ prasaktānām abhiniviṣṭānāṃ tayā puṣpitayā vācāpahṛtam ākṛṣṭaṃ ceto yeṣām teṣām | samādhiś cittaikāgryam | parameśvarābhimukhatvam iti yāvat | tasmin niścayātmikā buddhis tu na vidhīyate | karma-kartari prayogaḥ | sā notpadyata iti bhāvaḥ ||44||
madhusūdanaḥ : avyavasayinām api vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ kuto na bhavati pramāṇasya tulyatvād ity āśaṅkya pratibandhaka-sad-bhāvān na bhavatīty āha yām imām iti tribhiḥ | kuta evam ata āha bhogaiśvarya-gatiṃ prati kriyā-viśeṣa-bahulām amṛta-pānorvaśī-vihāra-pārijāta-parimalādi-nibandhano yo bhogas tat-kāraṇaṃ ca yad aiśvaryaṃ devādi-svāmitvaṃ tayor gatiṃ prāptiṃ prati sādhana-bhūtā ye kriyā-viśeṣā agnihotra-darśa-pūrṇamāsa-jyotiṣṭomādayas tair bahulāṃ vistṛtām atibāhulyena bhogaiśvarya-sādhana-kriyā-kalāpa-pratipādikām iti yāvat | karma-kāṇḍasya hi jñāna-kāṇḍāpekṣayā sarvatrātivistṛtatvaṃ prasiddham | etādṛśīṃ karma-kāṇḍa-lakṣaṇāṃ vācaṃ pravadanti prakṛṣṭāṃ paramārtha-svargādi-phalām abhyupagacchanti |
ke ye 'vipaścito vicāra-janya-tātparya-parijñāna-śūnyāḥ | ataeva veda-vāda-ratā vede ye santi vādā artha-vādāḥ akṣayyaṃ ha vai cāturmāsya-yājinaḥ sukṛtaṃ bhavati ity evam ādayas teṣv eva ratā vedārtha-satyatvenaivam evaitad iti mithyā-viśvāsena santuṣṭāḥ | he pārtha ! ataeva nānyad astīti-vādinaḥ karma-kāṇḍāpekṣayā nāsty anyaj jñāna-kāṇḍaṃ sarvasyāpi vedasya kārya-paratvāt | karma-phalāpekṣayā ca nāsty anyan niratiśayaṃ jñāna-phalam iti vadana-śīlā mahatā prabandhena jñāna-kāṇḍa-viruddhārtha-bhāṣiṇa ity arthaḥ | kuto mokṣa-dveṣiṇyas te ? yataḥ kāmātmānaḥ kāmyamāna-viṣaya-śatākula-cittatvena kāma-mayāḥ | evaṃ sati mokṣam api kuto na kāmayante ? yataḥ svarga-parāḥ svarga evorvaśy-ādy-apetatvena para utkṛṣṭo yeṣāṃ te tathā | svargātiriktaḥ
puruṣārtho nāstīti bhrāmyanto viveka-vairāgyābhāvān mokṣa-kathām api soḍhum akṣamā iti yāvat |
teṣāṃ ca pūrvokta-bhogaiśvaryayoḥ prasaktānāṃ kṣayitvādi-doṣādarśanena niviṣṭāntaḥ-karaṇānāṃ tayā kriyā-viśeṣa-bhulayā vācāpahṛtam ācchāditaṃ ceto viveka-jñānaṃ yeṣāṃ tathā-bhūtānām artha-vādāḥ stuty-arthās tātparya-viṣaye pramāṇāntarābādhite vedasya prāmāṇyam iti suprasiddham api jñātum aśaktānāṃ samādhāv antaḥ-karaṇe vayavasāyātmikā buddhir na vidhīyate na bhavatīty arthaḥ | samādhi-viṣayā vyavasāyātmikā buddhis teṣāṃ na bhavatīti vā adhikaraṇe viṣaye vā sapatamyās tulyatvāt | vidhīyata iti karma-kartari la-kāraḥ | samādhīyate 'smin sarvam iti vyutpattyā samādhir antaḥ-karaṇaṃ vā paramātmā veti nāprasiddhārtha-kalpanam | ahaṃ brahmety avasthānaṃ samādhis tan-nimittaṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhir noptadyata iti vyākhyāne tu
rūḍhir evādṛtā |
ayaṃ bhāvaḥ -- yadyapi kāmyāny agnihotrādīni śuddhy-arthebhyo na viśiṣyante tathāpi phalābhisandhi-doṣān nāśaya-śuddhiṃ sampādayanti | bhogānuguṇā tu śuddhir na jñānopayoginī | etad eva darśayituṃ bhogaiśvarya-prasaktānām iti punar upāttam | phalābhisandhim antareṇa tu kṛtāni jñānopayoginīṃ śuddhim ādadhatīti siddhaṃ vipaścid-avipaścitoḥ phala-vailakṣaṇyam | vistareṇa caitad agre pratipādayiṣyate ||42-44||
viśvanāthaḥ : tasmād avyavasāyinaḥ sakāma-karmiṇas tv atimandā ity āha yām imām iti | puṣpitāṃ vācaṃ puṣpitāṃ viphalatām ivāpātato ramaṇīyam | pravadanti prakarṣeṇa sarvataḥ prakṛṣṭā iyam eva veda-vāg iti ye vadanti, teṣāṃ tayā vācā apahṛta-cetasāṃ ca vyavasāyātmikā buddhir na vidhīyate iti tṛtīyenānvayaḥ | teṣu tasyā asambhavāt sā teṣu nopadiśyata ity arthaḥ | kim iti te tathā vadanti, yato 'vipaścito mūrkhāḥ | tatra hetuḥ vedeṣu ye 'rtha-vādāḥ - akṣayyaṃ vai cāturmāsya-yājinaḥ sukṛtaṃ bhavati, apāṃ somam amṛtā ambhūma ity ādyāḥ | anyad īśvara-tattvaṃ nāstīti prajalpinas te kīdṛśīṃ vācaṃ pravadanti | janma-karma-phala-pradāyinīṃ bhogaiśvarya-gatiṃ prati ye kriyā-viśeṣās tān bahu yathā syāt tathā lāti dadāti pratipādayatīti tām
||42-43||
tataś ca bhogaiśvaryayoḥ prasaktānām tayā puṣpitayā vācā apahṛtam ākṛṣṭaṃ ceto yeṣām te | tathā teṣām samādhiś cittaikāgryam parameśvaraikonmukhatvaṃ tasmin niścayātmikā buddhir na vidhīyate | karma-kartari prayogaḥ | sā notpadyata iti bhāvaḥ iti svāmi-vacanaiḥ ||44||
baladevaḥ : nanv eṣāṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhir bhavet śrutes taulyād iti cec citta-doṣān na bhaved ity āha yām iti tribhiḥ | avipaścito 'lpa-jñāḥ yām imāṃ jyotiṣṭomena svarga-kāmo yajetety ādikāṃ vācaṃ pravadanti iyam eva prakṛṣṭā vedavāg iti kalpayanti | tayā vācāpahṛta-cetasāṃ teṣāṃ samādhau manasi vyavasāyātmikā buddhir na vidhīyate nābhyudeti ity anuṣaṅgaḥ | kīdṛśīṃ vācam ity āha puṣpitām iti || kusumita-viṣa-latāvad āpāta-manojñāṃ niṣphalām ity arthaḥ | evaṃ kutas te vadanti tatrāha vedeti | vedeṣu ye vādāḥ apāṃ somam amṛtā ambhūma, akṣayyaṃ ha vai cāturmāsya-yājinaḥ sukṛtaṃ bhavati ity ādayo 'rthavādās teṣv eva ratāḥ vedasya satya-bhāṣitvād evam evaitad iti pratītimantaḥ | ataeva nānyad iti karma-phalāt svargād anyat jīvāṃśi-paramārtha-jñānaṃ
labhyaṃ mokṣa-lakṣaṇaṃ niratiśayaṃ nitya-sukhaṃ nāsti | tat-pratipādikānāṃ vedānta-vācāṃ karmāṅga-kartṛ-devatād ekatayā tac-cheṣatvād iti vadana-śīlā ity arthaḥ ||42||
citta-doṣam āha kāmātmānaḥ vaiṣayika-sukha-vāsanā-grasta-cittāḥ | evaṃ cet tādṛśaṃ mokṣaṃ kuto necchanti tatrāha svargeti | svarga eva sudhā devāṅganādy-upetatvena paraḥ śreṣṭho yeṣāṃ te | tādṛg-vāsanā-grastatvāt teṣāṃ nānyad bhāṣata ity arthaḥ | janma karmeti janma ca dehendriya-sambandha-laksaṇaṃ, tatra karma ca tat-tad-varṇāśrama-vihitaṃ, phalaṃ ca vināśi-paśv-anna-svargādi | tāni prakarṣeṇāvicchedena dadāti tāṃ bhogaiśvaryayor gatiṃ prāptiṃ prati ye kriyā-viśeṣā jyotiṣṭpmādayas te bahulāḥ pracurā yatra tāṃ vācaṃ vadantīti pūrveṇānvayaḥ | bhogaḥ sudhā-pāna-devāṅganādiḥ, aiśvaryaṃ ca devādi-svāmitvaṃ tayor gatim ity arthaḥ ||43||
baladevaḥ : bhogeti teṣāṃ pūrvoktayor bhogaiśvaryayoḥ prasaktānāṃ kṣayitva-doṣāsphūrtyā tayor abhiniviṣṭānāṃ tayā puṣpitayā vācāpahṛtam viluptaṃ ceto viveka-jñānaṃ yeṣām tādṛśānāṃ samādhāv iti yo 'yam | samyag ādhīyate 'sminn ātma-tattva-yāthātmyam iti nirukteḥ samādhir manas tasminn ity arthaḥ ||44||
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BhG 2.45
traiguṇya-viṣayā vedā nistraiguṇyo bhavārjuna |
nirdvandvo nitya-sattva-stho niryoga-kṣema ātmavān ||45||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu svargādikaṃ paramaṃ phalaṃ yadi na bhavati, tarhi kim iti vedas tat-sādhanatayā karmāṇi vidhīyante | tatrāha traiguṇya-viṣayā iti | triguṇātmakāḥ sakāmā ye 'dhikāriṇas tad-viṣayās teṣāṃ karma-phala-sambandha-pratipādakā vedāḥ | tvaṃ tu nistraiguṇyo niṣkāmo bhava | tatropāyam āha - nirdvandvaḥ | sukha-duḥkha-śītoṣṇādi-yugalāni dvandvāni | tad-rahito bhava | tāni sahasvety arthaḥ | katham iti | ata āha nitya-sattva-sthaḥ san | dhryam avalambyety arthaḥ | tathā niryoga-kṣemaḥ | aprāpta-svīkāro yogaḥ, prāpta-pālanaṃ kṣemaḥ | tad-rahitaḥ | ātmavān apramattaḥ | nahi dvandvākulasya yoga-kṣema-vyāpṛtasya ca pramādinas traiguṇyātikramaḥ sambhavatīti ||45||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu sakāmānāṃ mā bhūd āśaya-doṣād vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ | niṣkāmānāṃ tu vyavasāyātmaka-buddhyā karma kurvatāṃ karma-svābhāvyāt svargādi-phala-prāptau jñāna-pratibandhaḥ samāna ity āśaṅkyāha traiguṇyeti | trayāṇāṃ guṇānāṃ karma traiguṇyaṃ kāma-mūlaḥ saṃsāraḥ | sa eva prakāśatvena viṣayo yeṣāṃ tādṛśā vedāḥ karma-kāṇḍātmakā yo yat-phala-kāmas tasyaiva tat-phalaṃ bodhayantīty arthaḥ | na hi saarvebhyaḥ kāmebhyo darśa-pūrṇamāsāv iti viniyoge 'pi sakṛd-anuṣṭhānāt sarva-phala-prāptir bhavati tat-tat-kāmanāvirahāt | yat-phala-kāmanayānutiṣṭhati tad eva phalaṃ tasmin prayoga iti sthitaṃ yogasiddhy-adhikaraṇe | yasmād evaṃ kāmā-virahe phala-virahas tasmāt tvaṃ nistraiguṇyo niṣkāmo bhava | he arjuna ! etena karma-svābhāvyāt
saṃsāro nirastaḥ |
nanu śītoṣṇādi-dvandva-pratīkārāya vastrādy-apekṣaṇāt kuto niṣkāmatvam ata āha nirdvandvaḥ | sarvatra bhaveti sambadhyate | mātrā-sparśās tv ity ukta-nyāyena śītoṣṇādi-dvandva-sahiṣṇur bhava | tasmiṃs tiṣṭhatīti tathā | rajas-tamobhyām abhibhūta-sattvo hi śītoṣṇādi-pīḍayā mariṣyāmīti manvāno dharmād vimukho bhavati | tvaṃ tu rajas tamasī abhibhūya sattva-mātrālambano bhava |
nanu śītoṣṇādi-sahane 'pi kṣut-pipāsādi-pratīkārārthaṃ kiṃcid anupāttam upādeyam upāttaṃ ca rakṣaṇīyam iti tad-arthaṃ yatne kriyamāṇe kutaḥ sattva-sthatvam ity ata āha niryoga-kṣemaḥ | alabdha-lābho yogaḥ, labdha-parirakṣaṇaṃ kṣemas, tad-rahito bhava | citta-vikṣepa-kāri-parigraha-rahito bhavety arthaḥ | na caivaṃ cintā kartavyā katham evaṃ sati jīviṣyāmīti | yataḥ sarvāntaryāmī parameśvara eva tava yoga-kṣemādi nirvāhayiṣyatīty āha ātmavān | ātmā paramātmā dhyeyatvena yoga-kṣemādi-nirvāhakatvena ca vartate yasya sa ātmavān | sarva-kāmanā-parityāgena parameśvaram ārādhayato mama sa eva deha-yātrā-mātram apekṣitaṃ sampādayiṣyatīti niścitya niścinto bhavety arthaḥ | ātmavān apramatto bhaveti vā ||45||
viśvanāthaḥ : tvaṃ tu catur-varga-sādhanebhyo virajya kevalaṃ bhakti-yogam evāśrayasvety āha traiguṇyeti | traiguṇyās triguṇātmikāḥ karma-jñānādyāḥ prakāśyatvena viṣayā yeṣāṃ te traiguṇya-viṣayā vedāḥ svārthe ṣyañ, etac ca bhūmnā vyapadeśā bhavanti iti nyāyenoktam | kintu bhaktir evainaṃ nayati iti | yasya deve parā bhaktir yathā deve tathā gurau ity ādi śrutayaḥ | pañcarātrādi-smṛtayaś ca gītopaniṣad-gopāla-tāpanyādy-upaniṣadaś ca nirguṇāṃ bhaktim api viṣayīkurvanty eva vedoktatvābhāve bhakter aprāmāṇyam eva syāt | tataś ca vedoktā ye triguṇamayā jñāna-karma-vidhayas tebhya eva nirgato bhava tān na kuru | ye tu vedoktā bhakti-vidhayas tāṃs tu sarvathaivānutiṣṭha | tad-anuṣṭhāne -
śruti-smṛti-purāṇādi-pāñcarātra-vidhiṃ vinā |
aikāntikī harer bhaktir utpātāyaiva kalpyate ||
iti doṣo durvāra eva | tena sa-guṇānāṃ guṇātītānām api, vedānā-viṣayās traiguṇyā nistraiguṇyāś ca | tatra tvaṃ tu nistraiguṇyo bhava | nirguṇayā mad-bhaktyaiva triguṇātmakebhyas tebhyo niṣkrānto bhava | tata eva nirdvandvo guṇamaya-mānāpamānādi-rahitaḥ | ataeva nityaiḥ sattvaiḥ prāṇibhir mad-bhaktair eva saha tiṣṭhatīti tathā saḥ | nityaṃ sattva-guṇastho bhaveti vyākhyāyāṃ nistraiguṇyo bhaeti vyākhyāyāṃ virodhaḥ syāt | alabdha-lābho yogaḥ, labdhasya rakṣaṇaṃ kṣemas tad-rahitaḥ | mad-bhakti-rasāsvāda-vaśād eva tayor ananusandhānāt | yoga-kṣemaṃ vahāmy aham it bhakta-vatsalena mayaiva tad-bhāra-vahanāt | ātmavān mad-datta-buddhi-yuktaḥ | atra nistraiguṇya-traiguṇyayor vivecanam | yad uktam ekādaśe -
mad-arpaṇaṃ niṣphalaṃ vā sāttvikaṃ nija-karma yat |
rājasaṃ phala-saṅkalpaṃ hiṃsā-prāyādi tāmasam || [BhP 11.25.23]
niṣphalaṃ veti naimittikaṃ nija-karma-phalākāṅkṣyā-rahitam ity arthaḥ |
kaivalyaṃ sāttvikaṃ jñānaṃ rajo vaikalpikaṃ tu yat |
prākṛtaṃ tāmasaṃ jñānaṃ man-niṣṭhaṃ nirguṇaṃ smṛtam ||
vanaṃ tu sāttviko vāso grāmo rājasa ucyate |
tāmasaṃ dyuta-sadanaṃ man-niketaṃ tu nirguṇam ||
sāttvikaḥ kārako 'saṅgī rāgāndho rājasaḥ smṛtaḥ |
tāmasaḥ smṛti-vibhraṣṭo nirguṇo mad-apāśrayaḥ ||
sāttvikyādhyātmikī śraddhā karma-śraddhā tu rājasī |
tāmasy adharme yā śraddhā mat-sevāyāṃ tu nirguṇā ||
pathyaṃ pūtam anāyastam āhāryaṃ sāttvikaṃ smṛtam |
rājasaṃ cendriya-preṣṭhaṃ tāmasaṃ cārtidāśuci ||
sāttvikaṃ sukham ātmotthaṃ viṣayotthaṃ tu rājasam |
tāmasaṃ moha-dainyotthaṃ nirguṇaṃ mad-apāśrayam || [BhP 11.25.24-29] iti |
ity antena granthena traiguṇya-vastūny api bhaktyā svasmin kathañcit sthitasya traiguṇyasya nirjayo 'py uktas tad-anantaram eva | yathā -
dravyaṃ deśas tathā kālo jñānaṃ karma ca kārakaḥ |
śraddhāvasthā-kṛtir niṣṭhā traiguṇyaḥ sarva eva hi ||
sarve guṇamayā bhāvāḥ puruṣāvyakta-dhiṣṭhitāḥ |
dṛṣṭaṃ śrutam anudhyātaṃ buddhyā vā puruṣarṣabha ||
etāḥ saṃsṛtayaḥ puṃso guṇa-karma-nibandhanāḥ |
yeneme nirjitāḥ saumya guṇājīvena cittajāḥ |
bhakti-yogena man-niṣṭho mad-bhāvāya prapadyate || [BhP 11.25.30-32]
tasmād bhaktyaiva nirguṇayā traiguṇyajayo nānyathā | atrāpy agre kathaṃ caitāṃs trīn guṇān ativartate iti praśne vakṣyate --
māṃ ca yo 'vyabhicāreṇa bhakti-yogena sevate |
sa guṇān samatītyaitān brahma-bhūyāya kalpate || [Gītā 14.26]
śrī-svāmi-caraṇānāṃ vyākhyā ca - ca-kāro 'trāvadhāraṇārthaḥ | mām eva parameśvaram avyabhicāreṇa bhakti-yogena yaḥ sevate ity eṣā |
nistraiguṇyo bhavārjuna nirdvandvo nityasattvastho niryogakṣema ātmavān ||45||
baladevaḥ : nanu phalanairapekṣyeṇa karmāṇi kurvāṇān api tāni sva-phalair yojayeyus tat svābhāvyāt tataḥ kathaṃ tad-buddheḥ sambhava iti cet tatrāha traiguṇyeti | trayāṇāṃ guṇānāṃ karma traiguṇyam | guṇa-vacana-brāhmaṇādibhyaḥ karmaṇi ca iti sūtrāt [Pāṇ 5.1.124] ṣyañ-sakāmatvam ity arthaḥ | tad-viṣayā vedāḥ karma-kāṇḍāni tvaṃ tu tac-chiro-bhūta-vedānta-niṣṭho nistraiguṇyo niṣkāmo bhava |
ayam arthaḥ - pitṛ-koṭi-vatsalo hi vedo 'nādi-bhagavad-vimukhān māyā-guṇair nibaddhāṃs tad-guṇa-sṛṣṭa-sāttvikādi-sukha-saktān prati tat-kāmān anurudhya phalāni prakāśayan svasmiṃs tān viśrambhayati | tad-viśrambheṇa tat-pariśīlinas te tan-mūrdha-bhūtopanisat-pratīta-yāthātmya-niścayena tāṃ buddhiṃ yāntīti na cākāmitāny api tāny āpateyuḥ kāmitānām eva teṣāṃ phalatva-śravaṇāt | na ca sarveṣāṃ vedānāṃ traiguṇya-viṣayatvaṃ nistraiguṇyatāyā aprāmāṇikatvāpatteḥ |
nanu śītoṣṇādi-nivāraṇāya mātrāsparśās tu kaunteyety ādi vimarśena dvandva-saho bhava | tatra hetur nityeti | nityaṃ yat sattvam apariṇāmitvaṃ jīva-niṣṭhaṃ tat-sthas tad-vibhāvyety arthaḥ | tata eva niryogakṣemaḥ | alabdha-lābho yogaḥ labdhasya parirakṣaṇaṃ kṣemaṃ tad-rahito bhavety arthaḥ |
nanu kṣut-pipāse tathāpi vādhike iti cet tatrāha ātmavān iti | ātmā viśvambharaḥ paramātmā sa yasya dhyeyatayāsti tādṛśo bhavety arthaḥ | sa te deha-yātrāṃ sampādayed ity arthaḥ ||45||
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BhG 2.46
yāvān artha udapāne sarvataḥ saṃplutodake |
tāvān sarveṣu vedeṣu brāhmaṇasya vijānataḥ ||46||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu vedokta-nānā-phala-tyāgena niṣāmatayeśvarārādhana-viṣayā vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ kubuddhir evety āśaḍkyāha yāvān iti | udakaṃ pīyate yasmiṃs tad udapānaṃ vāpī-kūpa-taḍāg-ādi | tasmin svalpodaka ekatra kṛtsnārthasyāsambhavāt tatra tatra paribhramaṇena vibhāgaśo yāvān snāna-pānādir arthaḥ prayojanaṃ bhavati tāvān sarvo 'py arthaḥ sarvataḥ saṃplutodake mahā-hrade ekatraiva yathā bhavati | evaṃ yāvān sarveṣu vedeṣu tat-tat-karma-phala-rūpo 'rthas tāvān sarvo 'pi vijānato vyavasāyātmikā-buddhi-yuktasya brāhmaṇasya brahma-niṣṭhasya bhavaty eva | brahmānande kṣudānandānām antarbhāvāt | etasyaivānandasyānyāni bhūtāni mātrām upajīvanti iti śruteḥ | tasmād iyam eva subuddhir ity arthaḥ ||46||
madhusūdanaḥ : na caivaṃ śaṅkanīyaṃ sarva-kāmanā-parityāgena karma kurvann ahaṃ tais taiḥ karma-janitair ānandair vañcitaḥ syām iti | yasmāt yāvān iti | udapāne kṣudra-jalāśaye | jātāv eka-vacanam | yāvān artho yāvat-snāna-pānādi-prayojanaṃ bhavati sarvataḥ saṃplutodake mahati jalāśaye tāvān artho bhavaty eva | yathā hi parvata-nirjharāḥ sarvataḥ sravantaḥ kvacid upatyakāyām ekatra milanti tatra pratyekaṃ jāyamānam udaka-prayojanaṃ samudite sutarāṃ bhavati sarveṣāṃ nirjharāṇām ekatraiva kāsāre 'ntarbhāvāt | evaṃ sarveṣu vedeṣu vedokteṣu kāmya-karmasu yāvān artho hairaṇyagarbhānanda-paryantas tāvān vijānato brahma-tattvaṃ sākṣāt-kṛtavato brāhmaṇasya brahma-bubhūṣor bhavaty eva | kṣudānandānām brahmānandāṃśatvāt tatra kṣudrānandānām antarbhāvāt |
etasyaivānandasyānyāni bhūtāni mātrām upajīvanti iti śruteḥ | ekasyāpy ānandasyāvidyā-kalpita-tat-tad-upādhi-paricchedam ādāyāṃśāṃśivad vyapadeśa ākāśasyeva ghaṭādy-avaccheda-kalpanayā |
tathā ca niṣkāma-karmabhiḥ śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇasya tavātma-jñānodaye para-brahmānanda-prāptiḥ syāt tathaiva ca sarvānanda-prāptau na kṣudrānanda-prāpti-nibandhana-vaiyagryāvakāśaḥ | ataḥ paramānanda-prāpakāya tattva-jñānāya niṣkāma-karmāṇi kurv ity abhiprāyaḥ | atra yathā tathā bhavatīti-pada-trayādhyāhāro yāvāṃs tāvān iti pada-dvayānuṣaṅgaś ca dārṣṭāntike draṣṭavyaḥ ||46||
viśvanāthaḥ : hanta kiṃ vaktavyaṃ niṣkāmasya nirguṇasya bhaktiyogasya māhātmyaṃ yasyaivārambhaṇa-mātre 'pi nāśa-pratyavāyau na staḥ | svalpa-mātreṇāpi kṛtārthatety ekādaśe 'py uddhavāyāpi vakṣyate -
na hy aṅgopakrame dhvaṃso
mad-dharmasyoddhavāṇv api |
mayā vyavasitaḥ samyaṅ
nirguṇatvād anāśiṣaḥ || iti | [BhP 11.29.20]
kintu sa-kāmo bhakti-yogo 'pi vyavasāyātmika-buddhi-śabdenocyate | iti dṛṣṭāntena sādhayati yāvān iti | udapāna iti jātyaika-vacanam udapāneṣu kūpeṣu | yāvān artha iti kaścit kūpaḥ śauca-karmārthakaḥ, kaścid dānta-dhāvanārthakaḥ, kaścid vastra-dhāvanādy-arthakaḥ, kaścit keśādi-mārjanārthakaḥ, kaścit snānārthakaḥ, kaścit pānārthaka ity evaṃ sarvataḥ sarveṣudapāneṣu yāvān artho yāvanti prayojanānīty arthaḥ tasmin ekasminn eva śaucādi-karma-siddheḥ | kiṃ ca, tat-tat-kūpeṣu pṛthak pṛthak paribhramaṇa-śrameṇa, sarovare tu taṃ vinaiva | tathā kūpeṣu virasa-jalena sarovare tu surama-jalenaivety api viśeṣo draṣṭavyaḥ | evaṃ sarveṣu vedeṣu tat-tad-devatārādhanena yāvanto 'rthās tāvanta ekasya bhagavad-ārādhanena vijānato vijñasya brāhmaṇasyeti brahma vedaṃ bettīti
brahmaṇas tasya vijānato vedajñatve 'pi veda-tātparyaṃ bhaktiṃ viśeṣato jānataḥ | yathā dvitīya-skandhe -
brahma-varcasa-kāmas tu yajeta brahmaṇaḥ patim |
indram indriya-kāmas tu prajā-kāmaḥ prajāpatim || [BhP 2.3.2]
daivīṃ māyāṃ tu śrī-kāmaḥ ity ādy-uktyā,
akāmaḥ sarva-kāmo vā mokṣa-kāma udāra-dhīḥ |
tīvreṇa bhakti-yogena yajeta puruṣaṃ param || [BhP 2.3.10]
iti meghādy-amiśrasya saura-kiraṇasya tīvratvam iva bhaktiyogasya jñāna-karmādy-amiśratvaṃ tīvratvaṃ jñeyam | atra bahubhyo bahu-kāma-siddhir iti sarvathā bahu-buddhitvam eva | ekasmād bhagavata eva sarva-kāma-siddhir ity aṃśenaika-buddhitvād eka-buddhitvam eva viṣaya-sādguṇyāj jñeyam ||46||
baladevaḥ : mami sarvān vedān adhīyānasya bahu-kāla-vyayād bahu-vikṣepa-sambhavāc ca kathaṃ tad-buddher abhudayas tatrāha yāvān iti | sarvataḥ samplutodaketi | vistīrṇe udapāne jalāśaye snānādy-arthino yāvān snāna-pānādir arthaḥ prayojanaṃ tāvān eva sa tena tasmāt sampadyate | evaṃ sarveṣu sopaniṣatsu vedeṣu brāhmaṇasya vedādhyāyino vijānata ātma-yāthātmya-jñānaṃ labdhu-kāmasya yāvān taj-jñāna-siddhi-lakṣaṇo 'rthaḥ syāt tāvān eva tena tebhyaḥ sampādyate ity arthaḥ | tathā ca sva-śākhayaiva sopaniṣadācireṇaiva tat siddhau tad buddhir abhudiyād eveti | iha dārṣṭāntike 'pi yāvāṃs tāvān iti pada-dvayam anuṣañjanīyam ||46||
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BhG 2.47
karmaṇy evādhikāras te mā phaleṣu kadācana |
mā karma-phala-hetur bhūr mā te saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi ||47||
śrīdharaḥ : tarhi sarvāṇi karma-phalāni parameśvarārādhanād eva bhaviṣyantīty abhisandhāya pravarteta | kiṃ karmaṇā ity āśaṅkya tad vārayann āha karmaṇy eveti | te tava tattva-jñānārthinaḥ karmaṇy evādhikāraḥ | tat-phaleṣu adhikāraḥ kāmo māstu | nanu karmaṇi kṛti tat-phalaṃ syād eva bhojane kṛte tṛptivat | ity āśaṅkyāha meti | mā karma-phala-hetur bhūḥ | karma-phalaṃ pravṛtti-hetur yasya sa tathābhūto mā bhūḥ | kāmyamānasyaiva svargāder niyojya-viśeṣaṇatvena phalatvād akāmitaṃ phalaṃ na syād iti bhāvaḥ | ataeva phalaṃ bandhakaṃ bhaviṣyatīti bhayād akarmaṇi karmākaraṇe 'pi tava saṅgo niṣṭhā māstu ||47||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu niṣkāma-karmabhir ātma-jñānaṃ sampādya parānanda-prāptiḥ kriyate ced ātma-jñānam eva tarhi sampādyaṃ kiṃ bahvāyāsaiḥ karmabhir bahiraṅga-sādhana-bhūtair ity āśaṅkyāha karmaṇy eveti | te tavāśuddhāntaḥkaraṇasya tāttvika-jñānotpatty-ayogyasya karmaṇy evāntaḥkaraṇa-śodhake 'dhikāro mayedaṃ kartavyam iti bodho 'stu na jñāna-niṣṭhā-rūpaṃ vedānta-vākya-vicārādau | karma ca kurvatas tava tat-phaleṣu svargādiṣu kadācana kasyāṃcid apy avasthāyāṃ karmānuṣṭhānāt prāg ūrdhvaṃ tat-kāle vādhikāro mayedaṃ bhoktavyam iti bodho māstu |
nanu mayedaṃ bhoktavyam iti buddhy-abhāve 'pi karma sva-sāmārthyād eva phalaṃ janayiṣyatīti cen nety āha mā karma-phala-hetur bhūḥ | phala-kāmanayā hi karma kurvan phalasya heteur utpādako bhavati | tvaṃ tu niṣkāmaḥ san karma-phala-hetur mā bhūḥ | na hi niṣkāmena bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā kṛtaṃ karma phalāya kalpata ity uktam | phalābhāve kiṃ karmaṇety ata āha - mā te saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi | yadi phalaṃ neṣyate kiṃ karmaṇā duḥkha-rūpeṇety akaraṇe tava prītir mā bhūt ||47||
viśvanāthaḥ : evam ekam evārjunaṃ sva-priya-sakhaṃ lakṣīkṛtya jñāna-bhakti-karma-yogān ācikhyāsur bhagavān jñāna-bhakti-yogau procya tayor arjunasyānadhikāraḥ vimṛśya niṣkāma-karma-yogam āha karmaṇīti | mā phaleṣv iti - phalākāṅkṣiṇo 'py atyanta-śuddha-cittā bhavanti | tvaṃ tu prāyaḥ śuddha-citta iti mayā jñātvaivocyasa iti bhāvaḥ |
nanu karmaṇi kṛte phalam avaśyaṃ bhaviṣyaty eveti | tatrāha mā karma-phala-hetur bhūḥ phala-kāmanayā hi karma kurvan phalasya hetur utpādako bhavati | tvaṃ tu tādṛśo mā bhūr ity āśīr mayā dīyata ity arthaḥ | akarmaṇi sva-dharmākaraṇe vikarmaṇi pāpe vā saṅgas tava māstu, kintu dveṣa evāstv iti punar apy āśīr dīyata iti | atrāgrimādhyāye vyāmiśreṇaiva vākyena buddhiṃ mohayasīva me ity arjunokti-darśanād atrādhyāye pūrvottara-vākyānām avatārikābhir nātīva saṅgatir vidhitsiteti jñeyam | kintu tva-ājñāyāṃ sārathy-ādau yathāhaṃ tiṣṭhāmi, tathā tvam api mad-ājñāyāṃ tiṣṭheti kṛṣṇārjunayor mano 'nulāpo 'yam atra draṣṭavyaḥ ||47||
baladevaḥ : nanu karmabhir jñāna-siddhir iṣyate cet tarhi tasya śamādīny evāntaraṅgatvād anuṣṭheyāni santu kiṃ bahu prayāsais tair iti cet tatrāha - karmaṇy eveti | jātāv eka-vacanam | te tava sva-dharme 'pi yuddhe 'dharma-buddher aśuddha-cittasya tāvat karmasv eva yuddhādiṣv adhikāro 'stu mayaitāni bhoktavyānīti tat phaleṣu bandhakeṣu tavādhikāro māstu mayaitāni bhoktavyānīti |
nanu phalecchā-virahe 'pi tāni sva-phaair yojayeyur iti cet tatrāha mā karmeti | karma-phalānāṃ hetur utpādakas tvaṃ mābhūḥ kāmanayā kṛtāni tāni sva-phalair yojayanti kāmitānām eva phalānāṃ niyojya-viśeṣaṇatvena phalatvāmnātāt | ataeva bandhakāni phalāni āpatiṣyantīti bhayād akarmaṇi karmākaraṇe tava saṅgaḥ prītir māstu kintu vidveṣa evāstv ity arthaḥ | niṣkāmatayānuṣṭhitāni karmāṇi yaṣṭidhānyavad antar eva jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ niṣpādayiṣyanti | śamādīni tu tat-pṛṣṭha-lagnāny eva syur iti bhāvaḥ ||47||
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BhG 2.48
yogasthaḥ kuru karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā dhanaṃjaya |
siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā samatvaṃ yoga ucyate ||48||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ tarhi ? yoga-stha iti | yogaḥ parameśvaraikaparatā | tatra sthitaḥ karmāṇi kuru | tathā saṅgaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ tyaktvā kevalam īśvarāśrayeṇaiva kuru | tat-phalasya jñānasyāpi siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā kevalam īśvarāśrayeṇaiva kuru | yata evaṃbhūtaṃ samatvam eva yoga ucyate sadbhiḥ citta-samādhāna-rūpatvāt ||48||
madhusūdanaḥ : pūrvoktam eva vivṛṇoti yoga-stha iti | he dhanañjaya tvaṃ yogasthaḥ san saṅgaṃ phalābhilāṣaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ ca tyaktvā karmāṇi kuru | atra bahu-vacanāt karmaṇy evādhikāras ta ity atra jātāv eka-vacanam | saṅga-tyāgopāyam āha siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā phala-siddhau harṣaṃ phalāsiddhau ca viṣādaṃ tyaktvā kevalam īśvarārādhana-buddhyā karmāṇi kurv iti |
nanu yoga-śabdena prāk-karmoktam | atra tu yoga-sthaḥ karmāṇi kurv ity ucyate | ataḥ katham etad boddhyṃ śakyam ity ata āha samatvaṃ yoga ucyate | yad etat siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatvam idam eva yoga-stha ity atra yoga-śabdenocyate na tu karmeti na ko 'pi virodha ity arthaḥ | atra pūrvārdhasyottarārdhena vyākhyānaṃ kriyata ity apaunaruktyam iti bhāṣyakārīyaḥ panthāḥ | sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā ity atra jayājaya-sāmyena yuddha-mātra-kartavyatā prakṛtatvād uktā | iha tu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-sarva-phala-parityāgena sarva-karma-kartavyateti viśeṣaḥ ||48||
viśvanāthaḥ : niṣkāma-karmaṇaḥ prakāraṃ śikṣayati yoga-stha iti | tena jayājayayos tulya-buddhiḥ san saṅgrāmam eva sva-dharmaṃ kurv iti bhāvaḥ | ayaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yoga eva jñāna-yogatvena pariṇamatīti | jñāna-yogo 'py evaṃ pūrvottara-granthārtha-tātparyato jñeyaḥ ||48||
baladevaḥ : pūrvoktaṃ viśadayati yoga-stha iti | tvaṃ saṅgaṃ phalābhilāṣaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ ca tyaktvā yogasthaḥ san karmāṇi kuru yuddhādīni | ādyena māyā-nimajjanam eva | dvitīyena tu svātantrya-lakṣaṇa-pareśa-dharma-cauryam | tena tan-māyā-vyākopaḥ | atas tayoḥ parityāga iti bhāvaḥ | yogastha-padaṃ vivṛṇoti -- siddhy-asiddhyor iti | tad-anuṣaṅga-phalānāṃ jayādīnāṃ siddhāv asiddhau ca samo bhūtvā rāga-dveṣa-rahitaḥ san kuru | idam eva samatvaṃ mayā yoga-stha ity atra yoga-śabdenoktaṃ citta-samādhi-rūpatvāt ||48||
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BhG 2.49
dūreṇa hy avaraṃ karma buddhi-yogād dhanaṃjaya |
buddhau śaraṇam anviccha kṛpaṇāḥ phala-hetavaḥ ||49||
śrīdharaḥ : kāmyaṃ tu karmātinikṛṣṭam ity āha dūreṇeti | buddhyā vyavasāyātmikayā kṛtaḥ karma-yogo buddhi-yogo buddhi-sādhana-bhūto vā, tasmāt sakāśād anyat sādhana-bhūtaṃ kāmyaṃ karma dūreṇa avaraṃ atyantam apakṛṣṭaṃ hi | yasmād evaṃ tasmād buddhau jñāne śaraṇam āśrayaṃ karma-yogam anviccha anutiṣṭha | yad vā buddhau śaraṇaṃ trātāram īśvaram āśrayety arthaḥ | phalahetur astu sakāmā narāḥ kṛpaṇā dīnāḥ yo vā etad akṣaram gārgy aviditvā asmāl lokāt praiti sa kṛpaṇa [BAU 3.8.10] iti śruteḥ ||49||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu kiṃ karmānuṣṭhānam eva puruṣārtho yena niṣphalam eva sadā kartavyam ity ucyate prayojanam anuddiśya na mando 'pi pravartate iti nyāyāt | tad varaṃ phala-kāmanayaiva karmānuṣṭhānam iti cen nety āha dūreṇeti | buddhi-yogād ātma-buddhi-sādhana-bhūtān niṣkāma-karma-yogād dūreṇātiviprakarṣeṇāvaram adhamaṃ karma phalābhisandhinā kriyamāṇaṃ janma-maraṇa-hetu-bhūtam | athavā paramātma-buddhi-yogād dūreṇāvaraṃ sarvam api karma yasmād, he dhanañjaya, tasmād buddhau paramātma-buddhau sarvānartha-nivartikāyāṃ śaraṇaṃ pratibandhaka-pāpa-kṣayeṇa rakṣakaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yogam anviccha kartum iccha | ye tu phala-hetavaḥ phala-kāmā avaraṃ karma kurvanti te kṛpaṇāḥ sarvadā janma-maraṇādi-ghaṭī-yantra-bhramaṇena para-vaśā atyanta-dīnā
ity arthaḥ | yo vā etad akṣaram gārgy aviditvā asmāl lokāt praiti sa kṛpaṇa [BAU 3.8.10] iti śruteḥ | tathā ca tvam api kṛpaṇo mā bhūḥ kintu sarvānartha-nivartakātma-jñānotpādakaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yogam evānutiṣṭhety abhiprāyaḥ | yathā hi kṛpaṇā janā atiduḥkhena dhanam arjayanto yat kiṃcid dṛṣṭa-sukha-mātra-lobhena dānādi-janitaṃ mahat sukham anubhavituṃ na śaknuvantīty ātmānam eva vañcayanti tathā mahatā duḥkhena karmāṇi kurvāṇāḥ kṣudra-phala-mātra-lobhena paramānandā-nubhavena vañcitā ity aho daurbhāgyaṃ mauḍhyaṃ ca teṣām iti kṛpaṇa-padena dhvanitam ||49||
viśvanāthaḥ : sakāma-karma nindati dūreṇeti | avaram atinikṛṣṭaṃ kāmyaṃ karma | buddhi-yogāt parameśvarārpita-niṣāma-karma-yogāt | buddhau niṣkāma-karmaṇy eva buddhi-yogo niṣkāma-karma-yogaḥ ||49||
baladevaḥ : atha kāmya-karmaṇo nikṛṣṭatvam āha dūreṇeti | buddhi-yogād avaraṃ karma dūreṇa, he dhanañjaya, ātma-yāthātmya-buddhi-sādhana-bhūtān niṣkāma-karma-yogāt dūreṇātiviprakarṣeṇāvaram atyapakṛṣṭaṃ janma-maraṇādy-anartha-nimittaṃ kāmyaṃ karmety arthaḥ | hi yasmād evam atas tvaṃ buddhau tad-yāthātmya-jñāne śaraṇam āśrayaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yogam anviccha kuru | ye tu phala-hetavaḥ phala-kāmā avara-karma-kāriṇas te kṛpaṇās tat-phala-janma-karmādi-pravāha-paravaśā dīnā ity arthaḥ | tathā ca tvaṃ kṛpaṇo mābhūr iti iha kṛpaṇāḥ khalu kaṣṭopārjita-vittādṛṣṭa-sukha-lava-lubdhā vittāni dātum asamarthā mahatā dāna-sukhena vañcitās tathā kaṣṭānuṣṭhita-karmāṇas tuccha-tat-phala-lubdhā mahatātma-sukhena vañcitā bhavantīti vyajyate
||49||
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BhG 2.50
buddhi-yukto jahātīha ubhe sukṛta-duṣkṛte |
tasmād yogāya yujyasva yogaḥ karmasu kauśalam ||50||
śrīdharaḥ : buddhi-yoga-yuktas tu śreṣṭha ity āha buddhi-yukta iti | sukṛtaṃ svargādi-prāpakaṃ duṣkṛtaṃ nirayādi-prāpakam | te ubhe ihaiva janmani parameśvara-prasādena tyajati | tasmād yogāya tad-arthāya karma-yogāya yujyasva ghaṭasva | yogo hi karmasu kauśalam | sva-dharmākhyeṣu karmasu vartamānasya yā siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatva-buddhir īśvarārpita-cetastayā tat kauśalaṃ kuśala-bhāvaḥ | tad dhi kauśalaṃ yad bandha-svabhāvāny api karmāṇi samatva-buddhyā svabhāvān nivartante | tasmāt samatva-buddhi-yukto bhava tvam ||50||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ buddhi-yogābhāve doṣam uktvā tad-bhāve guṇam āha buddhīti | iha karmasu buddhi-yuktaḥ samatva-buddhyā yukto jahāti parityajati ubhe sukṛta-duṣkṛte puṇya-pāpe sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇa | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt samatva-buddhi-yogāya tvaṃ yujyasva ghaṭasvodyukto bhava | yasmād īdṛśaḥ samatva-buddhi-yoga īśvarārpita-cetasaḥ karmasu pravartamānasya kauśalaṃ kuśala-bhāvo yad-bandha-hetūnām api karmaṇāṃ tad-abhāvo mokṣa-paryavasāyitvaṃ ca tan mahat kauśalam |
samatva-buddhi-yuktaḥ karma-yogaḥ karmātmāpi san duṣṭa-karma-kṣayaṃ karotīti mahā-kuśalaḥ | tvaṃ tu na kuśalo yataś cetano 'pi san sajātīya-duṣṭa-kṣayaṃ na karoṣīti vyatireko 'tra dhvanitaḥ | athavā iha samatva-buddhi-yukte karmaṇi kṛte sati sattva-śuddhi-dvāreṇa buddhi-yuktaḥ paramātma-sākṣātkāravān sañjahāty ubhe sukṛta-duṣkṛte | tasmāt samatva-buddhi-yuktāya karma-yogāya yujyasva | yasmāt karmasu madhye samatva-buddhi-yuktaḥ karma-yogaḥ kauśalaṃ kuśalo duṣṭa-karma-nivāraṇa-catura ity arthaḥ ||50||
viśvanāthaḥ : yogāyokta-lakṣaṇāya yujyasva ghaṭasva | yataḥ karmasu sakāma-niṣkāmeṣu madhye yoga evodāsīnatvena karma-karaṇam eva | kauśalaṃ naipuṇyam ity arthaḥ ||50||
baladevaḥ : uktasya buddhi-yogasya prabhāvam āha buddhīti | iha karmasu yo buddhi-yuktaḥ pradhāna-phala-tyāga-viṣayānuṣaṅga-phala-siddhy-asiddhi-samatva-viṣayayā ca buddhyā yuktas tāni karoti, sa ubhe anādi-kāla-sañcite jñāna-pratibandhake sukṛta-duṣkṛte jahāti vināśayatīty arthaḥ | tasmād uktāya buddhi-yogāya yujyasva ghaṭasva | yasmāt karma-yogas tādṛśa-buddhi-sambandhaḥ | kauśalam cāturyaṃ bandhakānām eva buddhi-samparkād viśodhita-viṣa-pārada-nyāyena mocakatvena pariṇāmāt ||50||
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BhG 2.51
karmajaṃ buddhi-yuktā hi phalaṃ tyaktvā manīṣiṇaḥ |
janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ padaṃ gacchanty anāmayam ||51||
śrīdharaḥ : karmaṇāṃ mokṣa-sādhanatva-prakāram āha karma-jam iti | karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā kevalam īśvarārādhanārthaṃ karma kurvāṇo manīṣiṇo jñānino bhūtvā janma-rūpeṇa bandhena vinirmuktāḥ santo 'nāmayaṃ sarvopadrava-rahitaṃ viṣṇoḥ padaṃ mokṣākhyaṃ gacchanti ||51||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu duṣkṛta-hānam apekṣitaṃ na tu sukṛta-hānaṃ puruṣārtha-bhraṃśāpatter ity āśaṅkya tuccha-phala-tyāgena parama-puruṣārtha-prāptiṃ phalam āha karma-jam iti | samatva-buddhi-yuktā hi yasmāt karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā kevalam īśvarārādhanārthaṃ karmāṇi kurvāṇāḥ sattva-śuddhi-dvāreṇa manīṣiṇas tat tvam asi ity ādi-vākya-janyātma-manīṣāvanto bhavanti | tādṛśāś ca santo janmātmakena bandhena vinirmuktā viśeṣeṇātyantikatva-lakṣaṇena niravaśeṣaṃ muktāḥ padaṃ padanīyam ātma-tattvam ānanda-rūpaṃ brahmānāmayam avidyā-tat-kāryātmaka-roga-rahitābhayaṃ mokṣākhyaṃ puruṣārthaṃ gacchanty abhedena prāpnuvantīty arthaḥ |
yasmād evaṃ phala-kāmanāṃ tyaktvā samatva-buddhyā karmāṇy anutiṣṭhantas taiḥ kṛtāntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhayas tat tvam asy ādi-pramāṇotpannātma-tattva-jñāna-tat-kāryāḥ santaḥ sakalānartha-nivṛtti-paramānanda-prāpti-rūpaṃ mokṣākhyaṃ viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padaṃ gacchanti tasmāt tvam api yac chreyaḥ syān niścitaṃ brūhi tan me [Gītā 2.7] ity ukteḥ śreyo jijñāsur evaṃvidhaṃ karma-yogam anutiṣṭheti bhagavato 'bhiprāyaḥ ||51||
viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.
baladevaḥ : karmajam iti | buddhi-yuktās tādṛśa-buddhimantaḥ karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā karmāṇy anutiṣṭhanto manīṣiṇaḥ karmāntargatātma-yāthātmya-prajñāvanto bhūtvā janma-bandhena vinirmuktāḥ santo 'nāmayaṃ kleśa-śūnyaṃ padaṃ vaikuṇṭhaṃ gacchantīti | tasmāt tvam api śreyo jijñāsur evaṃ vidhāni karmāṇi kurv iti bhāvaḥ | svātma-jñānasya paramātma-jñāna-hetutvāt tasyāpi tat-pada-gati-hetutvaṃ yuktam ||51||
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BhG 2.52
yadā te mohakalilaṃ buddhir vyatitariṣyati |
tadā gantāsi nirvedaṃ śrotavyasya śrutasya ca ||52||
śrīdharaḥ : kadāhaṃ tat padaṃ prāpsyāmi ity apekṣāyām āha yadeti dvābhyām | moho dehādiṣu ātma-buddhiḥ | tad eva kalilaṃ gahanam | kalilaṃ gahanaṃ vidur ity abhidhāna-koṣa-smṛteḥ | tataś cāyam arthaḥ | evaṃ parameśvarārādhane kriyamāṇe yadā tat-prasādena tava buddhir dehābhimāna-lakṣaṇaṃ moha-mayaṃ gahanaṃ durgaṃ viśeṣeṇātitariṣyati tadā śrotavyasya śrutasya cārthasya nirvedaṃ vairāgyaṃ gantāsi prāpsyasi | tayor anupādeyatvena jijñāsām na kariṣyasīty arthaḥ ||52||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ karmāṇy anutiṣṭhataḥ kadā me sattva-śuddhiḥ syād ity ata āha yadeti | na hy etāvatā kālena sattva-śuddhir bhavatīti kāla-niyamo 'sti | kintu yadā yasmin kāle te tava buddhir antaḥkaraṇaṃ moha-kalilaṃ vyatitariṣyati avivekātmakaṃ kāluṣam aham idaṃ mamedaṃ ity ādy-ajñāna-vilasitam atigahanam vyatikramiṣyati rajas-tamo-malam apahāya śuddha-bhāvam āpatsyata iti yāvat | tadā tasmin kāle śrotavyasya śrutasya ca karma-phalasya nirvedaṃ vaitṛṣṇyaṃ gantāsi prāptāsi | parīkṣya lokān karma-citān brāhmaṇo nirvedam āyāt [MuṇḍU 1.2.12] iti śruteḥ | nirvedena phalenāntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhiṃ jñāsyasīty abhiprāyaḥ ||52||
viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ parameśvarārpita-niṣkāma-karmābhyāsāt tava yogo bhaviṣyatīty āha yadeti | tava buddhir antaḥkaraṇaṃ moha-kalilaṃ moha-rūpaṃ gahanaṃ viśeṣato 'tiśayena tariṣyati, tadā śrotavyasya śrotavyeṣv artheṣu śrutasya śruteṣv apy artheṣu nirvedaṃ prāpsyasi asambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanayor naṣṭatvāt kiṃ me śāstropadeśa-vākya-śravaṇena | sāmprataṃ me sādhaneṣv eva pratikṣaṇam abhyāsaḥ sarvathocita iti maṃsyasa iti bhāvaḥ ||52||
baladevaḥ : nanu niṣkāmāṇi karmāṇi kurvato me kadātma-viṣayā manīṣābhyudiyād iti cet tatrāha yadeti | yadā te buddhir antaḥkaraṇaṃ moha-kalilaṃ tuccha-phalābhilāṣa-hetum ajñāna-gahanaṃ vyatitariṣyati parityakṣyatīty arthaḥ, tadā pūrvaṃ śrutasyānantaraṃ śrotavyasya ca tasya tuccha-phalasya sambandhinaṃ nirvedaṃ gantāsi gamiṣyasi | parīkṣya lokān karma-citān brāhmaṇo nirvedaṃ āyāt iti śravaṇāt | nirvedena phalena tad-viṣayāṃ tāṃ pariceṣyati iti nāsty atra kāla-niyama ity arthaḥ ||52||
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BhG 2.53
śruti-vipratipannā te yadā sthāsyati niścalā |
samādhāv acalā buddhis tadā yogam avāpsyasyi ||53||
śrīdharaḥ : tataś ca śrutīti | śrutibhir nānā-laukika-vaidikārtha-śravaṇair vipratipannā | itaḥ pūrvaṃ vikṣiptā satī tava buddhir yadā samādhau sthāsyati | samādhīyate cittam asminn iti samādhiḥ parameśvaraḥ | tasmin niścalā viṣayair antarair anākṛṣṭā | ataevācalā | abhyāsa-pāṭavena tatraiva sthirā ca satī yogaṃ yoga-phalaṃ tattva-jñānam avāpsyasi ||53||
madhusūdanaḥ : antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhyaivaṃ jāta-nirvedasya kadā jñāna-prāptir ity apekṣāyām āha śrutīti | te tava buddhiḥ śrutibhir nānā-vidha-phala-śravaṇair avicārita-tātparyair vipratipannā 'neka-vidha-saṃśaya-viparyāsavattvena vikṣiptā prāk | yadā yasmin kāle śuddhija-viveka-janitena doṣa-darśanena taṃ vikṣepaṃ parityajya samādhau parmātmani niścalā jāgrat-svapna-darśana-lakṣaṇa-vikṣepa-rahitācalā suṣupti-mūrcchā-stabdhībhāvādi-rūpa-laya-lakṣaṇa-calana-rahitā satī sthāsyati laya-vikṣepa-lakṣaṇau doṣau parityajya samāhitā bhaviṣyatīti yāvat | athavā niścalāsambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanā-rahitācalā dīrgha-kālādara-nairantarya-satkāra-sevanair vijātīya-pratyayādūṣitā satī nirvāta-pradīpavad ātmani sthāsyatīti yojanā | tadā tasmin kāle yogaṃ jīva-paramātmaikya-lakṣaṇaṃ
tat-tvam-asīty ādi-vākya-janyam akhaṇḍa-sākṣātkāraṃ sarva-yoga-phalam avāpsyasi | tadā punaḥ sādhyāntarābhāvāt kṛta-kṛtyaḥ sthita-prajño bhaviṣyasīty abhiprāyaḥ ||53||
viśvanāthaḥ : tataś ca śrutiṣu nānā-laukika-vaidikārtha-śravaṇeṣu vipratipannā asammatā viraketit yāvat | tatra hetuḥ niścalā teṣu teṣv artheṣu calituṃ vimukhībhūtety arthaḥ | kintu samādhau ṣaṣṭhe 'dhyāye vakṣyamāṇa-lakṣaṇe 'calā sthairyavatī | tadā yogam aparokṣānubhava-prāptyā, jīvan-mukta ity arthaḥ ||53||
baladevaḥ : nanu karma-phala-nirviṇṇatayā karmānuṣṭhānena labdha-hṛd-viśuddher abhyuditātma-jñānasya me kadātma-sākṣāt-kṛtir iti cet tatrāha śrutīti | śrutyā karmaṇāṃ jñāna-garbhatāṃ prabodhayantyā tam etam ity ādikayā vipratipannā viśeṣeṇa saṃsiddhā te buddhir acalā asambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanābhyāṃ virahitā yadā samādhau manasi nirvāta-dīpa-śikheva niścalā sthāsyati tadā yogam ātmānubhava-lakṣaṇam avāpsyasi | ayam arthaḥ phalābhilāṣa-śūnyatayānuṣṭhitāni karmāṇi sthita-prajñatā-rūpāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ sādhayanti | jñāna-niṣṭhā-rūpā sthita-prajñatā tv ātmānubhavam iti ||53||
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BhG 2.54
arjuna uvāca
sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā samādhi-sthasya keśava |
sthita-dhīḥ kiṃ prabhāṣeta kim āsīta vrajeta kim ||54||
śrīdharaḥ : pūrva-ślokoktasyātma-tattva-jñasya lakṣaṇaṃ jijñāsur arjuna uvāca - sthita-prajñasyeti | svābhāvike samādhau sthitasya, ataeva sthitā niścalā prajñā buddhir yasya tasya bhāṣā kā ? bhāṣyate 'nayā iti bhāṣā lakṣaṇam iti yāvat | sa kena lakṣaṇena sthita-prajña ucyate ity arthaḥ | tathā sthita-dhīḥ kiṃ kathaṃ bhāṣaṇam āsanaṃ vrajanaṃ ca kuryād ity arthaḥ ||54||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam labdhāvasaraḥ sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇaṃ jñātum arjuna uvāca | yāny eva hi jīvan-muktānāṃ lakṣaṇāni tāny eva mumukṣūṇāṃ mokṣopāya-bhūtānīti manvānaḥ | sthitā niścalā ahaṃ-brahmāsmi iti prajñā yasya sa sthita-prajño 'vasthā-dvayavān samādhistho vyutthita-cittaś ceti | ato viśinaṣṭi samādhi-sthasya sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā ? karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhī | bhāṣyate 'nayeti bhāṣā lakṣaṇam | samādhi-sthaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ kena lakṣaṇenānyair vyavahriyata ity arthaḥ |
sa ca vyutthita-cittaḥ sthita-dhīḥ sthita-prajñaḥ svayaṃ kiṃ prabhāṣeta ? stuti-nindādāv abhinandana-dveṣādi-lakṣaṇaṃ kiṃ kathaṃ prabhāṣeta ? sarvatra sambhāvanāyāṃ liṅ | tathā kim āsīteti vyutthita-citta-nigrahāya kathaṃ bahir indriyāṇāṃ nigrahaṃ karoti ? tan-nigrāhābhāva-kāle kiṃ vrajeta kathaṃ viṣayān prāpnoti ? tat-kartṛka-bhāṣaṇāsana-vrajanāni mūḍha-jana-vilakṣaṇāni kīdṛśānīity arthaḥ |
tad evaṃ catvāraḥ praśnāḥ samādhi-sthe sthita-prajña ekaḥ | vyutthite sthita-prajñe traya iti | keśaveti sambodhayan sarvāntaryāmitayā tvam evaitādṛśaṃ rahasyaṃ vaktuṃ samartho 'sīti sūcayati ||54||
viśvanāthaḥ : samādhāv acalā buddhir iti śrutvā tattvato yogino lakṣaṇaṃ pṛcchati sthita-prajñasyeti | sthitā sthirācalā prajña buddhir yasyeti | kā bhāṣā ? bhāṣyate 'nayeti bhāṣā lakṣaṇaṃ kiṃ lakṣaṇam ity arthaḥ | kīdṛśasya samādhi-sthasyeti samādhau sthāsyatīti | asyārthaḥ - evaṃ ca sthita-prajña iti | samādhi-stha iti jīvan-muktasya saṃjñā-dvayam | kiṃ prabhāṣeteti sukha-duḥkhayor mānāpamānayoḥ stuti-nindayoḥ sneha-dveṣayor vā samupasthitayoḥ kiṃ prabhāṣeta ? spaṣṭaṃ svagataṃ vā kiṃ vaded ity arthaḥ | kim āsīta ? tad indriyāṇāṃ bāhya-viṣayeṣu calanābhāvaḥ kīdṛśaḥ ? vrajeta kim ? teṣu calanaṃ vā kīdṛśam iti ||54||
baladevaḥ : evam ukto 'rjunaḥ pūrva-padyoktasya sthita-prajñasya lakṣaṇaṃ jñātuṃ pṛcchati sthiteti | sthita-prajñe 'tra catvāraḥ praśnāḥ - samādhisthe ekaḥ, vyutthite tu trayaḥ | tathā hi - sthitā sthirā prajña dhīr yasya tasya samādhi-sthasya kā bhāṣā kiṃ lakṣaṇam ? bhāṣyate 'nayeti vyutpatteḥ | kena lakṣaṇena sthita-prajño 'bhidhīyata ity arthaḥ | tathā vyutthitaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ kathaṃ bhāṣaṇādīni kuryāt ? tadīyāni tāni pṛthag-jana-vilakṣaṇāni kīdṛśānīty arthaḥ | tatra kiṃ prabhāṣeta ? svayoḥ stuti-nindayoḥ sneha-dveṣayoś ca prāptayor mukhataḥ svagataṃ vā kiṃ brūyāt ? kim āsīta bāhya-viṣayeṣu katham indriyāṇāṃ nigrahaṃ kuryāt ? vrajeta kim ? kiṃ tan-nigrāhābhāve ca kathaṃ viṣayānavāpnuyād ity arthaḥ | triṣu sambhāvanāyām ||54||
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BhG 2.55
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
prajahāti yadā kāmān sarvān pārtha mano-gatān |
ātmany evātmanā tuṣṭaḥ sthita-prajñas tadocyate ||55||
śrīdharaḥ : atra ca yāni sādhakasya jñāna-sādhanāni tāny eva svābhāvikāni siddhasya lakṣaṇāni | ataḥ siddhasya lakṣaṇāni kathayann evāntaraṅgāni jñāna-sādhanāny āha yāvad adhyāya-samāpti | tatra prathama-praśnasyottaram āha prajahātīti dvābhyām | manasi sthitān kāmān yadā prakarṣeṇa jahāti | tyāge hetum āha ātmanīti | ātmany eva svasminn eva paramānanda-rūpe ātmanā svayam eva tuṣṭa ity ātmārāmaḥ san yadā kṣudra-viṣayābhilāṣāṃs tyajati tadā tena lakṣaṇena muniḥ sthita-prajña ucyate ||55||
madhusūdanaḥ : eteṣāṃ catūrṇāṃ praśnānāṃ krameṇottaraṃ bhagavān uvāca prajahātīti yāvad-adhyāya-samāpti | kāmān kāma-saṅkalpādīn mano-vṛtti-viśeṣān pramāṇa-viparyaya-vikalpa-nidrā-smṛti-bhedena tantrāntare pañcadhā prapañcitān sarvān niravaśeṣān prakarṣeṇa kāraṇa-bādhena yadā jahāti parityajati sarva-vṛtti-śūnya eva yadā bhavati sthita-prajñas tadocyate samādhistha iti śeṣaḥ | kāmānām anātma-dharmatvena parityāga-yogyatām āha manogatān iti | yadi hy ātma-dharmāḥ syus tadā na tyaktuṃ śakyeran vahny-auṣṇyavat svābhāvikatvāt | manasas tu dharmā ete | atas tat-parityāgena parityaktuaṃ śakyā evety arthaḥ |
nanu sthita-prajñasya mukha-prasāda-liṅga-gamyaḥ santoṣa-viśeṣaḥ pratīyate sa kathaṃ sarva-kāma-parityāge syād ity āha - ātmany eva paramānanda-rūpe na tv anātmani tuccha ātmnaā svaprakāśa-cid-rūpeṇa bhāsamānena na tu vṛttyā tuṣṭaḥ paritṛptaḥ parama-puruṣārtha-lābhāt | tathā ca śrutiḥ -
yadā sarve pramucyante kāmā ye 'sya hṛdi śritāḥ |
atha martyo 'mṛto bhavaty atra brahma samaśnute || [KaṭhU 2.3.14] iti |
tathā ca samādhi-sthaḥ sthita-prajña evaṃvidhair lakṣaṇa-vācibhiḥ śabdair bhāṣyata iti prathama-praśnasyottaram ||55||
viśvanāthaḥ : catūrṇāṃ praśnānāṃ krameṇottaram āha prajahātīti yāvad adhyāya-samāptiḥ | sarvān iti kasminn apy arthe yasya kiṃcin mātro 'pi nābhilāṣa ity arthaḥ | mano-gatān iti kāmānām ātma-dharmatvena parityāge yogyatā darśitā | yadi te hy ātma-dharmāḥ syus tadā tāṃs tyaktum aśakyeran vahner auṣṇyavad iti bhāvaḥ | tatra hetuḥ - ātmani pratyāhṛte manasi prāpto ya ātmānanda-rūpas tena tuṣṭaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ -
yadā sarve pramucyante kāmā ye 'sya hṛdi śritāḥ |
atha martyo 'mṛto bhavaty atra brahma samaśnute || [KaṭhU 2.3.14] iti ||55||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ pṛṣṭo bhagavān krameṇa catūrṇāṃ uttaram āha yāvad adhyāya-pūrtiḥ | tatra prathamasyāha prajahātīty ekena | he pārtha ! yadā mano-gatān manasi sthitān kāmān sarvān prajahāti saṃtyajati tadā sthita-prajña ucyate | kāmānām mano-dharmatvāt parityāgo yuktaḥ | ātma-dharmatve duḥśakyaḥ sa syād vahny-uṣṇatādīnām iveti bhāvaḥ |
nanu śuṣka-kāṣṭhavat kathaṃ tiṣṭhatīti cet tatrāha ātmany eveti | ātmani pratyāhṛte manasi bhāsamānena sva-prakāśānanda-rūpeṇātmanā svarūpeṇa tuṣṭaḥ paritṛptaḥ kṣudra-viṣayābhilāṣān saṃtyajyātmānandārāmaḥ samādhisthaḥ sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ |
ātmā puṃsi svabhāve 'pi prayanta-manasor api |
dhṛtāv api manīṣāyāṃ śarīra-brahmaṇor api || iti medinī-kāraḥ |
brahma cātra jīveśvarānyatarad-grāhyam ||55||
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BhG 2.56
duḥkheṣv anudvigna-manāḥ sukheṣu vigata-spṛhaḥ |
vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ sthita-dhīr munir ucyate ||56||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca duḥkheṣv iti | duḥkheṣu prāpteṣv api anudvignam akṣubhitaṃ mano yasya saḥ | sukheṣu vigatā spṛhā yasya saḥ | tatra hetuḥ - vītā apagatā rāga-bhaya-krodhā yasmāt | tatra rāgaḥ prītiḥ | sa muniḥ sthita-dhīr ucyate ||56||
madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ vyutthitasya sthita-prajñasya bhāṣaṇopaveśana-gamanāni mūḍha-jana-vilakṣaṇāni vyākhyeyāni | tatra kiṃ prabhāṣetety asyottaram āha duḥkheṣv iti dvyābhyām | duḥkhāni trividhāni śoka-moha-jvara-śiro-rogādi-nimittāny ādhyātmikāni vyāghra-sarpādi-prayuktāny ādhibhautikāni ativātātivṛṣṭy-ādi-hetukāny ādhidaivikāni teṣu duḥkheṣu rajaḥ-pariṇāma-santāpātmaka-citta-vṛtti-viśeṣeṣu prārabdha-pāpa-karma-prāpiteṣu nodvignaṃ duḥkha-parihārākṣamatayā vyākulaṃ na bhavati mano yasya so 'nudvigna-manāḥ | avivekino hi duḥkha-prāptau satyām aho pāpo 'haṃ dhiṅ māṃ durātmānam etādṛśa-duḥkha-bhāginaṃ ko me duḥkham īdṛśaṃ nirākuryād ity anutāpātmako bhrānti-rūpas tāmasaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣa udvegākhyo jāyate
| yady ayaṃ pāpānuṣṭhāna-samaye syāt tadā tat-pravṛtti-pratibandhakatvena saphalaḥ syāt | bhoga-kāle tu bhavan kāraṇe sati kāryasyocchettum aśakyatvān niṣprayojano duḥkha-kāraṇe saty api kim iti mama duḥkhaṃ jāyate iti avivekaja-bhrama-rūpatvān na vivekinaḥ sthita-prajñasya sambhavati | duḥkha-mātraṃ hi prārabdha-karmaṇā prāpyate na tu tad-uttara-kālīno bhramo 'pi |
nanu duḥkhāntara-kāraṇatvāt so 'pi prārabdha-karmāntareṇa prāpyatām iti cet, na | sthita-prajñasya bhramopādānājñāna-nāśena bhramāsambhavaāt taj-janya-duḥkha-prāpaka-prārabdhābhāvāt | yathā-kathaṃcid deha-yātrā-mātra-nirvāhaka-prārabdha-karma-phalasya bhramābhāve 'pi bādhitānuvṛttyopapatter iti vistareṇāgre vakṣyate |
tathā sukheṣu sattva-pariṇāma-rūpa-prītyātmaka-citta-vṛtti-viśeṣeṣu trividheṣu prārabdha-puṇya-karma-prāpiteṣu vigata-spṛha āgāmi-taj-jātīya-sukha-spṛhā-rahitaḥ | spṛhā hi nāma sukhānubhava-kāle taj-jātīya-sukhasya kāraṇaṃ dharmam ananuṣṭhāya vṛthaiva tad-ākāṅkṣā-rūpā tāmasī citta-vṛttir bhrāntir eva | sā cāvivekina eva jāyate | na hi kāraṇābhāve kāryaṃ bhavitum arhati | ato yathā sati kāraṇe kāryaṃ mā bhūd iti vṛthākāṅkṣā-rūpa udvego vivekino na sambhavati tathaivāsati kāraṇe kāryaṃ bhūyād iti vṛthākāṅkṣā-rūpā tṛṣṇātmikā spṛhāpi nopapadyate prārabdha-karmaṇaḥ sukha-mātra-prāpakatvāt |
harṣātmikā vā citta-vṛttiḥ spṛhā-śabdenoktā | sāpi bhrāntir eva | aho dhanyo 'haṃ yasya mamedṛśaṃ sukham upasthitaṃ ko vā mayā tulas tribhuvane kena vopāyena mamedṛśaṃ sukhaṃ na vicchidyetety evam ātmikotphullatā-rūpā tāmasī citta-vṛttiḥ | ataevoktaṃ bhāṣye - nāgnir ivendhanādy-ādhāne yaḥ sukhāny anuvivardhate sa vigata-spṛhaḥ iti | vakṣyati ca -- na prahṛṣyet priyaṃ prāpya nodvijet prāpya cāpriyam [Gītā 5.20] iti | sāpi na vivekinaḥ sambhavati bhrāntitvāt |
tathā vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ | rāgaḥ śobhanādhyāsa-nibandhano viṣayeṣu rañjanātmakaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣo 'tyantābhiniveśa-rūpaḥ | rāga-viṣayasya nāśake samupasthite tan-nivāraṇāsāmarthyam ātmano manyamānasya dainyātmakaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣo bhayam | evaṃ rāga-viṣaya-vināśake samupasthite tan-nivāraṇa-sāmarthyam ātmano manyamānasyābhijvalanātmakaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ krodhaḥ | te sarve viparyaya-rūpatvād vigatā yasmāt sa tathā | etādṛśo munir manana-śīlaḥ saṃnyāsī sthita-prajña ucyate | evaṃ-lakṣaṇaḥ sthita-dhīḥ svānubhava-prakaṭanena śiṣya-śikṣārtham anudvega-nispṛhatvādi-vācaḥ prabhāṣeta ity anvaya uktaḥ | evaṃ cānyo 'pi mumukṣur duḥkhe nodvijet sukhe na prahṛṣyet, rāga-bhaya-krodha-rahitaś ca bhaved ity abhiprāyaḥ ||56||
viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ prabhāṣetety asya uttaram āha duḥkheṣu kṣut-pipāsa-jvara-śiro-rogādiṣv ādhyātmikeṣu sarpa-vyāghrādy-utthiteṣv anudvigna-manāḥ prārabdhaṃ duḥkham idaṃ mayāvaśyaṃ bhoktavyam iti svagataṃ kenacit pṛṣṭaḥ san spaṣṭaṃ ca bruvan | na duḥkheṣūdvijata ity arthaḥ | tasya tādṛśa-mukha-vikriyābhāva evānudvega-liṅgaṃ sudhiyā gamyam | kṛtrimānudvega-liṅgavāṃs tu kapaṭī | sudhiyā paricito bhraṣṭa evocyata iti bhāvaḥ | evaṃ sukheṣv apy upasthiteṣu vigata-spṛha iti prārabdham idam avaśya-bhogyam iti svagataṃ spaṣṭaṃ ca bruvāṇasya tasya sukha-spṛhā-rāhitya-liṅgaṃ sudhiyā gamyam eveti bhāvaḥ | tat-tal-liṅgam eva spaṣṭīkṛtya darśayati vīto vigato rāgo 'nurāgaḥ sukheṣu bandhu-janeṣu yasya saḥ | yathaivādi-bharatasya devyāḥ
pārśvaṃ prāpitasya svaccheda-cikīrṣor vṛṣala-rājān na bhayam | nāpi tatra krodho 'bhūd iti ||56||
baladevaḥ : atha vyutthitaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ kiṃ bhāṣetety asyottaram āha duḥkheṣv iti dvyābhyām | trividheṣv adhyātmikādiṣu duḥkheṣu samutthiteṣu satsv anudvigna-manāḥ prārabdha-phalāny amūni mayāvaśyaṃ bhoktavyānīti kenacit pṛṣṭaḥ svagataṃ vā bruvan tebhyo nodvijata ity arthaḥ | sukheṣu cottamāhāra-satkārādinā samupasthiteṣu vigata-spṛhas tṛṣṇā-śūnyaḥ prārabdhākṛṣṭāny amūni mayāvaśya-bhoktavyānīti kenacit pṛṣṭaṃ svagataṃ vā bruvan tair upasthitaḥ prahṛṣṭa-mukho na bhavatīty arthaḥ | vīteti - vīta-rāgaḥ kamanīyeṣu prīti-śūnyaḥ | vīta-bhayaḥ viṣayāpahartṛṣu prāpteṣu durlabhasya mamaitāni dharmyair bhavadbhir hriyanta iti dainya-śūnyaḥ | vīta-krodhaḥ teṣv eva prabalasya mamaitāni tucchair bhavadbhiḥ katham apahartavyānīti
krodha-śūnyaś ca | evaṃvidho munir ātma-manana-śīlaḥ sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | itthaṃ svānubhavaṃ parān prati svagataṃ vā vadan naudvego nispṛhatādi-vacaḥ prabhāṣate ity uttaram ||56||
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BhG 2.57
yaḥ sarvatrānabhisnehas tat tat prāpya śubhāśubham |
nābhinandati na dveṣṭi tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ||57||
śrīdharaḥ : kathaṃ bhāṣeta ity asyottaram āha ya iti | yaḥ sarvatra putra-mitrādiṣv apy anabhisnehaḥ sneha-varjitaḥ | ataeva bādhitānuvṛttyā tat tat śubham anukūlaṃ prāpya nābhinandati aśubhaṃ pratikūlaṃ prāpya na dveṣṭi na nindati | kintu kevalam udāsīna eva bhāṣate | tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitety arthaḥ ||57||
madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ ca | sarva-deheṣu jīvanādiṣv api yo munir anabhisnehaḥ, yasmin saty anyadīye hāni-vṛddhī svasminn āropyete sa tādṛśo 'nya-viṣayaḥ premāpara-paryāyas tāmaso vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ snehaḥ sarva-prakāreṇa tad-rahito 'nabhisnehaḥ | bhagavati paramātmani tu sarvathābhisnehavān bhaved eva | anātman-snehābhāvasya tad-arthatvād iti draṣṭavyam |
tat-tat-prārabdha-karma-pariprāpitaṃ śubhaṃ sukha-hetuṃ viṣayaṃ prāpya nābhinandati harṣa-viśeṣa-puraḥsaraṃ na praśaṃsati | aśubhaṃ duḥkha-hetuṃ viṣayaṃ prāpya na dveṣṭi antar-asūyā-pūrvakaṃ na nindati | ajñasya hi sukha-hetur yaḥ sva-kalatrādiḥ sa śubho viṣayas tad-guṇa-kathanādi-pravartikā dhī-vṛttir bhrānti-rūpābhinandaḥ | sa ca tāmasaḥ, tad-guṇa-kathanādeḥ para-prarocanārthatvābhāvena vyarthatvāt | evam asūyotpādanena duḥkha-hetuḥ parakīya-vidyā-prakarṣādir enaṃ pratyaśubho viṣayas tan-nindādi-pravartikā bhrānti-rūpā dhī-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ | so 'pi tāmasaḥ | tan-nindāyā nivāraṇārthatvābhāvena vyarthatvāt | tāv abhinanda-dveṣau bhrānti-rūpau tāmasau katham abhrānte śuddha-sattve sthita-prajñe sambhavatām | tasmād vicālakābhāvāt tasyānabhisnehasya
harṣa-viṣāda-rahitasya muneḥ prajñā paramātma-tattva-viṣayā pratiṣṭhitā phala-paryavasāyinī sa sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | evam anyo 'pi mumukṣuḥ sarvatrānabhisneho bhavet | śubhaṃ prāpya na praśaṃset, aśubhaṃ prāpya na ninded ity abhiprāyaḥ | atra ca nindā-praśaṃsādi-rūpā vāco na prabhāṣeteti vyatireka uktaḥ ||57||
viśvanāthaḥ : anabhisnehaḥ sopādhi-sneha-śūnyo dayālutvān nirupādhir īṣan-mātra-snehas tu tiṣṭhed eva | tat tat prasiddhaṃ sammāna-bhojanādibhyaḥ sva-paricaraṇaṃ śubhaṃ prāpyāśubham anādaraṇaṃ muṣṭi-prahārādikaṃ ca prāpya krameṇa nābhinandati | na praśaṃsati tvaṃ dhārmikaḥ paramahaṃsa-sevī sukhī bhaveti na brūte | na dveṣṭi tvaṃ pāpātmā narake pateti nābhiśapati | tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā samādhiṃ prati sthitā susthira-prajñā ucyata ity arthaḥ ||57||
baladevaḥ : ya iti sarveṣu prāṇiṣu anabhisneha aupādhika-sneha-śūnyaḥ | kāruṇikatvān nirupādhir īṣad-snehas tv asty eva | tat tat prasiddhaṃ śubham uttama-bhojana-srak-candanārpaṇa-rūpaṃ prāpya nābhinandati tad-arpakaṃ prati dharmiṣṭhas tvaṃ ciraṃ jīveti na vadati | aśubham apamānaṃ yaṣṭi-prahārādikaṃ ca prāpya na dveṣṭi, pāpiṣṭhas tvaṃ miryasveti nābhiśapati | tasya prajñeti sa sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | atra stuti-nindā-rūpaṃ vaco na bhāṣata iti vyatirekeṇa tal lakṣaṇam ||57||
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BhG 2.58
yadā saṃharate cāyaṃ kūrmo 'ṅgānīva sarvaśaḥ |
indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyas tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ||58||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca yadeti | yadā cāyaṃ yogī indriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhyaḥ sakāśād indriyāṇi saṃharate sarvata evaṃ jñāna-niṣṭha indriyāṇīnidryārthebhyaḥ sarva-viṣayebhyaḥ upasaṃharate | tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā | ity uktārthaṃ vākyam ||58||
madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ kim āsīteti praśnasyottaraṃ vaktum ārabhate bhagavān ṣaḍbhiḥ ślokaiḥ | tatra prārabdha-karma-vaśād vyutthānena vikṣiptānīndriyāṇi punar upasaṃhṛtya samādhy-artham eva sthita-prajñasyopaveśanam iti darśayitum āha yadeti | ayaṃ vyutthitaḥ sarvaśaḥ sarvāṇīndriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhyaḥ sarvebhyaḥ | caḥ punar-arthe | yadā saṃharate punar upasaṃharati saṅkocayati | tatra dṛṣṭāntaḥ kūrmo 'ṅgānīva | tadā tasya prajñāḥ pratiṣṭhiteti spaṣṭam | pūrva-ślokābhyāṃ vyutthāna-daśāyām api sakala-tāmasa-vṛtty-abhāva uktaḥ | adhunā tu punaḥ samādhy-avasthāyāṃ sakala-vṛtty-abhāva iti viśeṣaḥ ||58||
viśvanāthaḥ : kim āsītety asyottaram āha yadeti | indriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhya indriyāṇi śrotrādīni saṃharate | svādhīnānām indriyāṇāṃ bāhya-viṣayeṣu calanaṃ niṣidhyāntareva niścalatayā sthāpanaṃ sthita-prajñasyāsanam ity arthaḥ | tatra dṛṣṭāntaḥ | kūrmo 'ṅgāni mukha-netrādīni yathā svāntar eva svecchayā sthāpayati ||58||
baladevaḥ : atha kim āsītety asyottaram āha yadety ādibhiḥ ṣaḍbhir | ayaṃ yogī yadā cendriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhyaḥ svādhīnānīndriyāṇi śrotrādīny anāyāsena saṃharati samākarṣati tadā tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitety anvayaḥ | atra dṛṣṭāntaḥ kūrmo 'ṅgānīveti | mukha-kara-caraṇāni yathānāyasena kamaṭhaḥ saṃharati tadvat viṣayebhyaḥ samākṛṣṭendriyāṇām antaḥ-sthāpanaṃ sthita-prajñasyāsanam ||58||
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BhG 2.59
viṣayā vinivartante nirāhārasya dehinaḥ |
rasa-varjaṃ raso 'py asya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate ||59||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu nendriyāṇāṃ viṣayeṣv apravṛttir sthita-prajñasya lakṣaṇaṃ bhavitum arhati | jaḍānām āturāṇām upavāsa-parāṇāṃ ca viṣayeṣv pravṛtter aviśeṣāt | tatrāha viṣayā iti | indriyāir viṣayāṇām āharaṇaṃ grahaṇam āhāraḥ | nirāhārasya indriyāir viṣaya-grahaṇam akurvato dehino dehābhimānino 'jñasya rāgo 'bhilāṣas tad-varjaṃ | abhilāṣasya na nivartata ity arthaḥ | yad vā nirāhārasya upavāsa-parasya viṣayāḥ prāyaśo nivartante kṣudhā-santaptasya śabda-sparśādy-apekṣābhāvāt, kintu rasa-varjaṃ rasāpekṣā tu na nivartata ity arthaḥ | śeṣaṃ samānam ||59||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu mūḍhasyāpi rogādi-vaśād viṣayebhya indriyāṇām upasaṃharaṇaṃ bhavati tat kathaṃ tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitety uktam ? ata āha viṣayā iti | nirāhārasya indriyāir indriyāir viṣayān anāharato dehino dehābhimānavato mūḍhasyāpi rogiṇaḥ kāṣṭha-tapasvino vā viṣayāḥ śabdādayo vinivartante kintu rasa-varjaṃ rasa-tṛṣṇā taṃ varjayitvā | ajñasya viṣayā nivartante tad-viṣayo rāgas tu na nivartata ity arthaḥ | asya tu sthita-prajñasya paraṃ puruṣārthaṃ dṛṣṭvā tad evāham asmīti sākṣātkṛtya sthitasya raso 'pi kṣudra-sukha-rāgo 'pi nivartate | api-śabdād viṣayāś ca | tathā ca yāvān artha ity ādau vyākhyātam | evaṃ ca sa-rāga-viṣaya-nivṛttiḥ sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇam iti na mūḍhe vyabhicāra ity arthaḥ | yasmān nāsati paramātma-samyag-darśane sa-rāga-viṣayocchedas
tasmāt sa-rāga-viṣayocchedikāyāḥ samyag-darśanātmikāyāḥ prajñāyāḥ sthairyaṃ mahatā yatnena sampādayed ity abhiprāyaḥ ||59||
viśvanāthaḥ : mūḍhasyāpi upavāsato rogādi-vaśād vendriyāṇāṃ viṣayeṣv acalanaṃ sambhavet tatrāha viṣayā iti | rasa-varjaṃ raso rāgo 'bhilāṣas taṃ varjayitvā | abhilāṣas tu viṣayeṣu na nivartanta ity arthaḥ | asya sthita-prajñasya tu paraṃ paramātmānaṃ dṛṣṭvā viṣayeṣv abhilāṣo nivartata iti na lakṣaṇa-vyabhicāraḥ | ātma-sākṣātkāra-samarthasya tu sādhakatvam eva, na tu siddhatvam iti bhāvaḥ ||59||
baladevaḥ : nanu mūḍhasyāmaya-grastasya viṣayeṣv indriyāpravṛtti-dṛṣṭā tat katham etat sthita-prajñasya lakṣaṇaṃ tatrāha viṣayā iti | nirāhārasya roga-bhayād bhojanādīny akurvato mūḍhasyāpi dehino janasya viṣayās tad-anubhavā vinivartante | kintu raso rāga-tṛṣṇā tad-varjaṃ viṣaya-tṛṣṇā tu na nivartata ity arthaḥ | asya sthita-prajñasya tu raso 'pi viṣaya-rāgo 'pi viṣayebhyaḥ paraṃ sva-prakāśānandam ātmānaṃ dṛṣṭvānubhūya nivartate vinaśyatīti sa-rāga-viṣaya-nivṛttis tasya lakṣaṇam iti na vyabhicāraḥ ||59||
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BhG 2.60
yatato hy api kaunteya puruṣasya vipaścitaḥ |
indriyāṇi pramāthīni haranti prasabhaṃ manaḥ ||60||
śrīdharaḥ : indriya-saṃyamaṃ vinā sthita-prajñatā na sambhavati | ataḥ sādhakāvasthāyāṃ tatra mahān prayatnaḥ kartavya ity āha yatato hy apīti dvābhyām | yatato mokṣārthaṃ prayatamānasya | vipaścito vivekino 'pi | mana indriyāṇi prasabhaṃ balād haranti | yataḥ pramāthīni pramathana-śīlāni kṣobhakānīty arthaḥ ||60||
madhusūdanaḥ : tatra prajñā-sthairye bāhyendriya-nigraho mano-nigrahaś cāsādhāraṇaṃ kāraṇaṃ tad-ubhayābhāve prajñā-nāśa-darśanād iti vaktuṃ bāhyendriya-nigrahābhāve prathamaṃ doṣam āha yatata iti | he kaunteya !
yatato bhūyo bhūyo viṣaya-doṣa-darśanātmakaṃ yatnaṃ kurvato 'pi, cakṣiṅo ṅitva-karaṇād anudātteto 'nāvaśyakam ātmanepadam iti jñāpanāt parasmaipadam aviruddham | vipaścito 'tyanta-vivekino 'pi puruṣasya manaḥ kṣaṇa-mātraṃ nirvikāraṃ kṛtam apīndriyāṇi haranti vikāraṃ prāpayanti |
nanu virodhinī viveke sati kuto vikāra-prāptis tatrāha pramāthīni pramathana-śīlāni atibalīyastvād vivekopamardana-kṣamāṇi | ataḥ prasabhaṃ prasahya balātkāreṇa paśyaty eva vipaściti svāmini viveke ca rakṣake sati sarva-pramāthītvād evendriyāṇi vivekaja-prajñāyāṃ praviṣṭaṃ manas tataḥ pracyāvya sva-viṣayāviṣṭatvena harantīty arthaḥ | hi-śabdaḥ prasiddhiṃ dyotayati | prasiddho hy ayam artho loke yathā pramāthino dasyavaḥ prasabham eva dhaninaṃ dhana-rakṣakaṃ cābhibhūya tayoḥ paśyator eva dhanaṃ haranti tathendriyāṇy api viṣaya-sannidhāne mano harantīti ||60||
viśvanāthaḥ : sādhakāvasthāyāṃ tu yatna eva mahān, na tv indriyāṇi parāvartayituṃ sarvathā śaktir ity āha yatata iti | pramāthīni pramathana-śīlāni kṣobhakānīty arthaḥ ||60||
baladevaḥ : athāsyā jñāna-niṣṭhayā daurlabhyam āha yatato hīti | vipaścito viṣayātma-svarūpa-vivekajñasya tata indriya-jaye prayatamānasyāpi puruṣasya indriyāṇi śrotrādīni kartṝṇi manaḥ parasabhaṃ balād iva haranti | hṛtvā viṣaya-pravaṇaṃ kurvantīty arthaḥ | nanu virodhini viveka-jñāne sthite kathaṃ haranti tatrāha pramāthīnīti ati-baliṣṭhatvāt taj-jñānopamardana-kṣamāṇīty arthaḥ | tasmāt caurebhyo mahā-nidher ivendriyebhyo jñāna-niṣṭhāyāḥ saṃrakṣaṇaṃ sthita-prajñasyāsanam iti ||60||
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BhG 2.61
tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ |
vaśe hi yasyendriyāṇi tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ||61||
śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tānīti | yukto yogī tāni indriyāṇi saṃyamya mat-paraḥ sann āsīta | yasya vaśe vaśavartinīndriyāṇi | etena ca katham āsīteti praśnasya vaśīkṛtendriyaḥ sann āsīteti ||61||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ tarhi tatra kaḥ pratīkāra ity ata āha tānīti | tānīndriyāṇi sarvāṇi jñāna-karma-sādhana-bhūtāni saṃyamya vaśīkṛtya yuktaḥ samāhito nigṛhīta-manāḥ sann āsīta nirvāpāras tiṣṭhet | pramāthināṃ kathaṃ sva-vaśīkaraṇam iti cet tatrāha mat-para iti | ahaṃ sarvātmā vāsudeva eva para utkṛṣṭa upādeyo yasya sa mat-para ekānta-mad-bhakta ity arthaḥ | tathā coktam na vāsudeva-bhaktānām aśubhaṃ vidyate kvacit iti | yathā hi loke balavantaṃ rājānam āśritya dasyavo nigṛhyante rājāśrito 'yam iti jñātvā ca svayam eva tad-vaśyā bhavanti tathaiva bhagavantaṃ sarvāntaryāminam āśritya tat-prabhāveṇaiva duṣṭānīndriyāṇi nigrāhyāṇi punaś ca bhagavad-āśrito 'yam iti matvā tāni tad-vaśyāny eva bhavantīti bhāvaḥ | yathā ca bhagavad-bhakter mahā-prabhāvatvaṃ
tathā vistareṇāgre vyākhyāsyāmaḥ | indriya-vaśīkāre phalam āha vaśe hīti | spaṣṭam | tad etad vaśīkṛtendriyaḥ sann āsīteti kim āsīteti praśnasyottaram uktaṃ bhavati ||61||
viśvanāthaḥ : mat-paro mad-bhakta iti | mad-bhaktiṃ vinā naivendriya-jaya ity agrima-granthe 'pi sarvatra draṣṭavyam | yad uktam uddhavena -
prāyaśaḥ puṇḍarīkākṣa yuñjanto yogino manaḥ |
viṣīdanty asamādhānān mano-nigraha-karśitāḥ |
athāta ānanda-dughaṃ padāmbujaṃ haṃsāḥ śrayeran || [BhP 11.29.1-2] iti |
vaśe hīti sthita-prajñasyendriyāṇi vaśībhūtāni bhavantīti sādhakād viśeṣa uktaḥ ||61||
baladevaḥ : nanu nirjitendriyāṇām apy ātmānubhavo na pratītas tatra ko 'bhyupāya iti cet tatrāha tānīti | tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya mat-paro man-niṣṭhaḥ san yuktaḥ kṛtāma-samādhir āsīta tiṣṭheta | mad-bhakti-prabhāvena sarvendriya-vijaya-pūrvikā svātma-dṛṣṭiḥ sulabheti bhāvaḥ | evaṃ smaranti -
yathāgnir uddhata-śikhaḥ kakṣaṃ dahati sānilaḥ |
tathā citta-sthito viṣṇur yogināṃ sarva-kilbiṣam || [ViP 6.7.74] ity ādi |
vaśe hīti spaṣṭam | itthaṃ ca vaśīkṛtendriyatayāvasthitiḥ kim āsītety asyottaram uktam ||61||
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BhG 2.62-63
dhyāyato viṣayān puṃsaḥ saṅgas teṣūpajāyate |
saṅgāt saṃjāyate kāmaḥ kāmāt krodho 'bhijāyate ||62||
krodhād bhavati saṃmohaḥ saṃmohāt smṛti-vibhramaḥ |
smṛti-bhraṃśād buddhi-nāśo buddhi-nāśāt praṇaśyati ||63||
śrīdharaḥ : bāhyendriya-saṃyamābhāve doṣam uktvā manaḥ-saṃyamābhāve doṣam āha dhyāyata iti dvābhyām | guṇa-buddhyā viṣayān dhyāyataḥ puṃsaḥ teṣu saṅga āsaktir bhavati | āsaktyā ca teṣu adhikaḥ kāmo bhavati | kāmāc ca kenacit pratihatāt krodho bhavati | kiṃ ca, krodhād iti | krodhāt saṃmohaḥ kāryākārya-vivekābhāvaḥ | tataḥ śāstrācāryopadiṣṭa-smṛter vibhramo vicalanaṃ bhraṃśaḥ | tato buddheś cetanāyā nāśaḥ | vṛkṣādiṣv ivābhibhavaḥ | tataḥ praṇaśyati mṛta-tulyo bhavati ||62-63||
madhusūdanaḥ : nigṛhīta-bāhyendriyasyāpi śabdādīnviṣayān dhyāyato manasā punaḥ punaś cintayataḥ puṃsas teṣu viṣayeṣu saṅga āsaṅgo mamātyantaṃ sukha-hetava eta ity evaṃ śobhanādhyāsa-lakṣaṇaḥ prīti-viśeṣa upajāyate saṅgāt sukha-hetutva-jñāna-lakṣaṇāt saṃjāyate kāmo mamaite bhavantv iti tṛṣṇā-viśeṣaḥ | tasmāt kāmāt kutaścit pratihanyamānāt tat-pratighāta-viṣayaḥ krodho 'bhijvalanātmābhijāyate | krodhād bhavati saṃmohaḥ kāryākārya-vivekābhāva-rūpaḥ | saṃmohāt smṛti-vibhramaḥ smṛteḥ śāstrācāryopadiṣṭārthānusandhānasya vibhramo vicalanaṃ vibhraṃśaḥ | tasmāc ca smṛti-bhraṃśād buddher aikātmyākāra-mano-vṛtter nāśo viparīta-bhāvanopacaya-doṣeṇa pratibandhād anutpattir utpannāyāś ca phalāyogyatvena vilayaḥ
| buddhi-nāśāt praṇaśyati tasyāś ca phala-bhūtāyā buddher vilopāt praṇaśyati sarva-puruṣārthāyogyo bhavati | yo hi puruṣārthāyogyo jātaḥ sa mṛta eveti loke vyavahriyate | ataḥ praṇaśyatīty uktam | yasmād evaṃ manaso nigrahābhāve nigṛhīta-bāhyendriyasyāpi paramānartha-prāptis taramān mahatā prayatnena mano nigṛhṇīyād ity abhiprāyaḥ | ato yuktam uktaṃ tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīteti ||62-63||
viśvanāthaḥ : sthita-prajñasya mano-vaśīkāra eva bāhyendriya-vaśīkāra-kāraṇaṃ sarvathā mano-vaśīkārābhāve tu yat syāt tat śṛṇv ity āha dhyāyata iti | saṅga āsaktiḥ | āsaktyā ca teṣv adhikaḥ kāmo 'bhilāṣaḥ | kāmāc ca kenacit pratihatāt krodhaḥ | krodhāt saṃmohaḥ kāryākārya-vivekābhāvaḥ | tasmāc ca śāstropadiṣṭa-svārthasya smṛti-nāśaḥ | tasmāc ca buddheḥ sad-vyavasāyasya nāśaḥ | tataḥ praṇaśyati saṃsāra-kūpe patati ||62-63||
baladevaḥ : vijitendriyasyāpi mayy aniveśita-manasaḥ punar anartho durvāra ity āha dhyāyata iti dvyābhyām | viṣayān śabdādīn sukha-hetutva-buddhyā dhyāyataḥ punaḥ punaś cintayato yoginas teṣu saṅga āsaktir bhavati | saṅgād dhetos teṣu kāma-tṛṣṇā jāyate | kāmāc ca kenacit pratihatāt krodhaś citta-jvālas tat-pratighātako bhavati | krodhāt saṃmohaḥ kāryākārya-viveka-vijñāna-vilopaḥ | saṃmohāt smṛter indriya-vijayādi-prayatnānusandher vibhramo vibhraṃśaḥ | smṛti-bhraṃśād buddher ātma-jñānārthakasyādhyavasāyasya nāśaḥ | buddhi-nāśāt praṇaśyati punar viṣaya-bhoga-nimagno bhavati saṃsaratīty arthaḥ | madanāśrayaṇād durbalaṃ manas tāni sva-viṣayair yojayantīti bhāvaḥ | tathā ca mano-vijigīṣuṇā mad-upāsanaṃ vidheyam ||62-63||
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BhG 2.64
rāga-dveṣa-viyuktais tu viṣayān indriyaiś caran |
ātma-vaśyair vidheyātmā prasādam adhigacchati ||64||
śrīdharaḥ : nanv indriyāṇāṃ viṣaya-pravaṇa-svabhāvānāṃ niroddhum aśakyatvād ayaṃ doṣo duṣparihara iti sthita-prajñatvaṃ kathaṃ syāt ? ity āśaṅkyāha rāga-dveṣa iti dvābhyām | rāga-dveṣa-rahitaiḥ vigata-darpair indriyaiḥ viṣayāṃś carann upabhuñjāno 'pi prasādaṃ śāntiṃ prāpnoti | rāga-dveṣa-rāhityam evāha ātmeti | ātmano manasaḥ vaśyair indriyaiḥ vidheyo vaśavartī ātmā mano yasyeti | anenaiva kathaṃ vrajetety asya caturtha-praśnasya svādhīnair indriyair viṣayān gacchatīty uttaram uktaṃ bhavati ||64||
madhusūdanaḥ : manasi nigṛhīte tu bāhyendriya-nigrahābhāve 'pi na doṣa iti vadan kiṃ vrajetety asyottaram āhāṣṭabhiḥ | yo 'samāhita-cetāḥ sa bāhyendriyāṇi nigṛhyāpi rāga-dveṣa-duṣṭena manasā viṣayāṃś cintayan puruṣārthād bhraṣṭo bhavati | vidheyātmā tu tu-śabdhaḥ pūrvasmād vyatirekārthaḥ | vaśīkṛtāntaḥ-karaṇas tu ātma-vaśyair mano 'dhīnaiḥ svādhīnair iti vā rāga-dveṣābhyāṃ viyuktair virahitair indriyaiḥ śrotrādibhir viṣayān śabdādīn aniṣiddhāṃś carann upalabhamānaḥ prasādaṃ prasannātāṃ cittasya svacchatāṃ paramātma-sākṣātkāra-yogyatām adhigacchati | rāga-dveṣa-prayuktānīndriyāṇi doṣa-hetutāṃ pratipadyante | manasi sva-vaśe tu na rāga-dveṣau | tayor abhāve ca na tad-adhīnendriya-pravṛttiḥ | avarjanīyatayā tu viṣayopalambho
na doṣam āvahatīti na śuddhi-vyāghāta iti bhāvaḥ |
etena viṣayāṇāṃ smaraṇam api ced anartha-kāraṇaṃ sutarāṃ tarhi bhogas tena jīvanārthaṃ viṣayān bhuñjānaḥ katham anarthaṃ na pratipadyeteti śaṅkā nirastā | svādhīnair indriyair viṣayān prāpnotīti ca kiṃ vrajeteti praśnasyottaram uktaṃ bhavati ||64||
viśvanāthaḥ : mānasa-viṣaya-grahaṇābhāve sati sva-vaśyair indriyair viṣaya-grahaṇe 'pi na doṣa iti vadan sthita-prajño vrajeta kim ity asyottaram āha rāgeti | vidheyo vacane sthta ātmā mano yasya saḥ |
vidheyo vinaya-grāhī vacane sthita āśravaḥ |
vaśyaḥ praṇayo nibhṛta-vinīta-praśritāḥ || ity amaraḥ |
prasādam adhigacchatīty etādṛśasyādhikāriṇo viṣaya-grahaṇam api na doṣa iti kiṃ vaktavyam ? pratyuta guṇa eveti | sthita-prajñasya viṣaya-tyāga-svīkārāv eva āsana-vrajane te ubhe api tasya bhadre iti bhāvaḥ ||64||
baladevaḥ : manasi nirjite śrotrādi-nirjayābhāvo 'pi na doṣa iti bruvan vrajeta kim ity asottaram āha rāgeti ādibhir aṣṭabhiḥ | vijita-bahir-indriyo 'pi mad-anarpita-manāḥ paramārthād vicyuta ity uktam | yo vidheyātmā svādhīna-manā mad-arpita-manās tata eva nidagdha-rāgādi-mano-malaḥ sa tv ātma-vaśyair mano 'dhīnair ata eva rāga-dveṣābhyāṃ viyuktair indriyaiḥ śrotrādyair viṣayān niṣiddhān śabdādīṃś caran bhuñjāno 'pi prasādaṃ viṣayāsakty-ādi-malānāgamād vimala-manas tam adhigacchatīty prāpnotīty arthaḥ ||64||
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BhG 2.65
prasāde sarva-duḥkhānāṃ hānir asyopajāyate |
prasanna-cetaso hy āśu buddhiḥ paryavatiṣṭhate ||65||
śrīdharaḥ : prasāde sati kiṃ syād ity atrāha prasāda iti | prasāde sati sarva-duḥkha-nāśaḥ | tataś ca prasanna-cetaso buddhiḥ pratiṣṭhitā bhavatīty arthaḥ ||65||
madhusūdanaḥ : prasādam adhigacchatīty uktaṃ tatra prasāde sati kiṃ syād ity ucyate prasāda iti | cittasya prasāde svacchatva-rūpe sati sarva-duḥkhānām ādhyātmikādīnām ajñāna-vilasitānāṃ hānir vināśo 'sya yater upajāyate | hi yasmāt prasanna-cetaso yater āśu śīghram eva buddhir brahmātmaikyākārā paryavatiṣṭhate pari samantād avatiṣṭhate sthirā bhavati viparīta-bhāvanādi-pratibandhābhāvāt | tataś ca prasāde sati buddhi-paryavasthānaṃ tatas tad-virodhy-ajñāna-nivṛttiḥ | tatas tat-kārya-sakala-duḥkha-hānir iti krame 'pi prasāde yatrādhikyāya sarva-duḥkha-hāni-karatva-kathanam iti na virodhaḥ ||65||
viśvanāthaḥ : buddhiḥ paryavatiṣṭhate sarvato-bhāvena svābhīṣṭaṃprati sthirī-bhavatīti viṣaya-grahaṇābhāvād api samucita-viṣaya-grahaṇaṃ tasya sukham iti bhāvaḥ | prasanna-cetaso iti citta-prasādo bhaktyaiveti jñeyam | tayā vinā tu na citta-prasāda iti prathama-skandha eva prapañcitam | kṛta-vedānta-śāstrasyāpi vyāsasyāprasanna-cittasya śrī-nāradopadiṣṭayā bhaktyaiva citta-prasāda-dṛṣṭeḥ ||65||
baladevaḥ : prasāde sati kiṃ syād ity āha asya yogino manaḥ prasāde sati sarveṣāṃ prakṛti-saṃsarga-kṛtānāṃ duḥkhānāṃ hānir upajāyate | prasanna-cetasaḥ svātma-yāthātmya-viṣayā buddhiḥ paryavatiṣṭhate sthirā bhavati ||65||
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BhG 2.66
nāsti buddhir ayuktasya na cāyuktasya bhāvanā |
na cābhāvayataḥ śāntir aśāntasya kutaḥ sukham ||66||
śrīdharaḥ : indriya-nigrahasya sthita-prajñatā-sādhanatvaṃ vyatireka-mukhenopapādayati nāstīti | ayuktasya avaśī-kṛtendriyasya nāsti buddhiḥ | śāstrācāryopadeśābhyām ātma-viṣayā buddhiḥ prajñaiva notpadyate | kutas tasyāḥ pratiṣṭhā-vārtā | kuta ity atrāha na ceti | na cāyuktasya bhāvanā dhyānam | bhāvanayā hi buddher ātmani pratiṣṭhā bhavati, sā ca ayuktasya yato nāsti | na cābhāvayataḥ ātma-dhyānam akurvataḥ śāntiḥ ātmani cittoparamaḥ | aśāntasya kutaḥ sukham mokṣānanda ity arthaḥ ||66||
madhusūdanaḥ : imam evārthaṃ vyatireka-mukhena draḍhayati nāstīti | ayuktasyājita-cittasya buddhir ātma-viṣayā śravaṇa-mananākhya-vedānta-vicāra-janyā nāsti notpadyate | tad-buddhy-abhāve na cāyuktasya bhāvanā nididhyāsanātmikā vijātīya-pratyayānantaritasajātīya-pratyaya-pravāha-rūpā | sarvatra naño 'stīty anenānvayaḥ | na cābhāvayata ātmānaṃ śāntiḥ sakāryāvidyā-nivṛtti-rūpā vedānta-vākya-janyā brahmātmaikya-sākṣāt-kṛtiḥ | aśāntasyātma-sākṣātkāra-śūnyasya kutaḥ sukhaṃ mokṣānanda ity arthaḥ ||66||
viśvanāthaḥ : uktam arthaṃ vyatireka-mukhena draḍhayati nāstīti | ayuktasyāvaśīkṛta-manaso buddhir ātma-viṣayiṇī prajñā nāsti | ayuktasya tādṛśa-prajñā-rahitasya bhāvanā parameśvara-dhyānaṃ ca | abhāvayato 'kṛta-dhyānasya śāntir viṣayoparamo nāsti | aśāntasya sukham ātmānandaḥ ||66||
baladevaḥ : pūrvoktam arthaṃ vyatireka-mukhenāha ayuktasyāyogino mad-aniveśita-manaso buddhir ukta-lakṣaṇā nāsti na bhavati | ataeva tasya bhāvanā tādṛg-ātma-cintāpi nāsti | tādṛśam ātmānam abhāvayataḥ śāntir viṣaya-tṛṣṇā-nivṛttir nāsti | aśāntasya tat-tṛṣṇākulasya sukham sva-prakāśānandātmānubhava-lakṣaṇaṃ kutaḥ syāt ||66||
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BhG 2.67
indriyāṇāṃ hi caratāṃ yan mano 'nuvidhīyate |
tad asya harati prajñāṃ vāyur nāvam ivāmbhasi ||67||
śrīdharaḥ : nāsti buddhir ayuktasya [Gītā 2.66] ity atra hetum āha indriyāṇām iti | indriyāṇām avaśīkṛtānāṃ svairaṃ viṣayeṣu caratāṃ madhye yadaivaikam indriyaṃ mano 'nuvidhīyate |vaśīkṛtaṃ sad-indriyeṇa saha gacchati, tadaivaikam indriyasya manasaḥ puruṣasya vā prajñāṃ buddhiṃ harati viṣaya-vikṣiptāṃ karoti | kim uta vaktavyaṃ bahūni prajñāṃ harantīti | yathā pramattasya karṇadhārasya nāvaṃ vāyuḥ sarvataḥ paribhramayati tadvad iti ||67||
madhusūdanaḥ : ayuktasya kuto nāsti buddhir ity ata āha indriyāṇām iti | caratāṃ sva-viṣayeṣu sva-sva-viṣayeṣu pravartamānānām avaśīkṛtānām indriyāṇāṃ madhye yad ekam apīndriyam anulakṣyīkṛtya mano vidhīyate preryate pravartate iti yāvat | karma-kartari la-kāraḥ | tat indriyam ekam api manasānusṛtam asya sādhakasya manaso vā prajñām ātma-viṣayāṃ śāstrīyāṃ harati apanayati manasas tad-viṣayāviṣṭatvāt | yadaikam apīndriyaṃ prajñāṃ harati tadā sarvāṇi harantīti kim u vaktavyam ity arthaḥ |
dṛṣṭāntas tu spaṣṭaḥ | abhyasyeti vāyor naukā-haraṇa-sāmarthyaṃ na bhuvīti sūcayitum ambhasīty uktam | evaṃ dārṣṭāntike 'py ambhaḥ-sthānīye manaś cāñcalye saty eva prajñā-haraṇa-sāmarthyam indriyasya na tu bhū-sthānīye manaḥ-sthairya iti sūcitam ||67||
viśvanāthaḥ : ayuktasya buddhir nāstīty upapādayati indriyāṇāṃ sva-sva-viṣayeṣu caratāṃ madhye yan mama ekam indriyam anuvidhīyate | puṃsāṃ sarvendriyānuvartiḥ kriyate, tad eva mano 'sya prajñāṃ buddhiṃ harati | yathāmbhasi nīyamānāṃ nāvaṃ pratikūlo vāyuḥ ||67||
baladevaḥ : man-niveśita-manaskatayeindriya-niyamanābhāve doṣam āha indriyāṇām iti | viṣayeṣu caratām avijitānām indriyāṇāṃ madhye yad ekaṃ śrotraṃ vā cakṣur vānulakṣyīkṛtya mano vidhīyate pravartate, tad ekam evendriyaṃ manasānugatam asya pravartakasya prajñāṃ viviktātma-viṣayāṃ haraty apanayati manasasas tad-viṣayākṛṣṭatvāt | kiṃ punaḥ ? sarvāṇi tānīti | pratikūlo vāyur yathāmbhasi nīyamānāṃ nāvaṃ tadvat ||67||
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BhG 2.68
tasmād yasya mahābāho nigṛhītāni sarvaśaḥ |
indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyas tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ||68||
śrīdharaḥ : indriya-saṃyamasya sthita-prajñatve sādhanatvaṃ coktam upasaṃharati tasmād iti | sādhanatvopasaṃhāre tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā jñātavyety arthaḥ | mahābāho ! iti sambodhayan vairi-nigrahe samarthasya tavātrāpi sāmarthyaṃ bhaved iti sūcayati ||68||
madhusūdanaḥ : hi yasmād evaṃ tasmād iti | sarvaśaḥ sarvāṇi samanaskāni | he mahābāho iti sambodhayan sarva-śatru-nivāraṇa-kṣamatvād indriya-śatru-nivāraṇe 'pi tvaṃ kṣamo 'sīti sūcayati | spaṣṭam anyat | tasyeti siddhasya sādhakasya ca parāmarśaḥ | indriya-saṃyamasya sthita-prajñaṃ prati lakṣaṇatvasya mumukṣuṃ prati prajñā-sādhanatvasya copasaṃharaṇīyatvāt ||68||
viśvanāthaḥ : yasya nigṛhīta-manasaḥ | he mahā-bāho ! iti yathā śatrūn nigṛhṇāsi, tathā mano 'pi nigṛhāṇeti bhāvaḥ ||68||
baladevaḥ : tasmād iti | yasya man-niṣṭha-manasaḥ pratiṣṭhitātma-niṣṭhā bhavati | he mahābāho iti yathā ripūn nigṛhṇāsi tathendriyāṇi nigṛhāṇety arthaḥ | ebhiḥ ślokair bhagavan-niviṣṭatayendriya-vijayaḥ sthita-prajñasya siddhasya svābhāvikaḥ | sādhakasya tu sādhana-bhūta iti bodhyam ||68||
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BhG 2.69
yā niśā sarva-bhūtānāṃ tasyāṃ jāgarti saṃyamī |
yasyāṃ jāgrati bhūtāni sā niśā paśyato muneḥ ||69||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu na kaścid api prasupta iva darśanādi-vyāpāra-śūnyaḥ sarvātmanā nigṛhītendriyo loke dṛśyate | ato 'saktāvitam idaṃ lakṣaṇam ity āśaṅkyāha yā niśeti | sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ yā niśā | niśeva niśā ātma-niṣṭhā | ajñāna-dhvāntāvṛta-matīnāṃ tasyāṃ darśanādi-vyāpārābhāvāt | tasyāṃ ātma-niṣṭhāyāṃ saṃyamī nigṛhītendriyo jāgrati prabudhyante | sātma-tattvaṃ paśyato muner niśā | tasyāṃ darśanādi-vyāpāras tasya nāsti ity arthaḥ | etad uktaṃ bhavati - yathā divāndhānām ulukādīnāṃ rātrāv eva darśanaṃ na tu divase | evaṃ brahmajñasyonmīlitākṣasyāpi brahmaṇy eva dṛṣṭiḥ | na tu viṣayeṣu | ato nāsambhāvitam idaṃ lakṣaṇam iti ||69||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ mumukṣuṇā prajñā-sthairyāya prayatna-pūrvakam indriya-saṃyamaḥ kartavya ity uktaṃ sthita-prajñasya tu svataḥ siddha eva sarvendriya-saṃyama ity āha yā niśeti | yā vedānta-vākya-janita-sākṣātkāra-rūpāhaṃ brahmāsmīti prajñā sarva-bhūtānām ajñānāṃ niśeva niśā tān praty aprakāśa-rūpatvāt | tasyāṃ brahma-vidyā-lakṣaṇāyāṃ sarva-bhūta-niśāyāṃ jāgarti ajñāna-nidrāyāḥ prabuddhaḥ san sāvadhāno vartate saṃyamīndriya-saṃyamavān sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | yasyāṃ tu dvaita-darśana-lakṣaṇāyām avidyā-nidrāyāṃ prasuptāny eva bhūtāni jāgrati svapnavad vyavaharanti sā niśā na prakāśata ātma-tattvaṃ paśyato 'parokṣatayā muneḥ sthita-prajñasya | yāvad dhi na prabudhyate tāvad eva svapna-darśanaṃ bodhya-paryantatvād bhramasya tattva-jñāna-kāle
tu na bhrama-nimittaḥ kaścid vyavahāraḥ | tad uktaṃ vārtika-kāraiḥ -
kāraka-vyavahāre hi śuddhaṃ vastu na vīkṣyante |
śuddhe vastuni siddhe ca kāraka-vyāpṛtis tathā ||
kākolūka-niśevāyaṃ saṃsāro 'jñātma-vedinoḥ |
yā niśā sarva-bhūtānām ity avocat svayaṃ hariḥ || iti |
tathā ca yasya viparīta-darśanaṃ tasya na vastu-darśanaṃ viparīta-darśanasya vastv-adarśana-janyatvāt | yasya ca vastu-darśanaṃ tasya na viparīta-darśanaṃ viparīta-darśana-kāraṇasya vastv-adarśanasya vastu-darśanena bādhitatvāt | tathā ca śrutiḥ - yatra vā anyad iva syāt tatrānyo 'nyat paśyet | yatra svasya sarvam ātmaivābhūt tat kena kaṃ paśyet || iti vidyāvidyayor vyavasthām āha | yathā kākasya rātry-andhasya dinam ulūkasya divāndhasya niśā rātrau paśyataś colūkasya yad dinaṃ rātrir eva sā kākasyeti mahad āścaryam etat | atas tattva-darśibhiḥ katham āvidyaka-kriyā-kārakādi-vyavahāraḥ syād iti svataḥ siddha eva tasyendriya-saṃyama ity arthaḥ ||69||
viśvanāthaḥ : sthita-prajñasya tu svataḥ-siddha eva sarvendriya-nigraha ity āha yeti | buddhir hi dvividhā bhavati ātma-pravaṇā viṣaya-pravaṇā ca | tatra yā ātma-pravaṇā buddhiḥ sā sarva-bhūtānāṃ niśā | niśāyāṃ kiṃ kiṃ syād iti tasyāṃ svapanto janā yathā na jānanti, tathaiva ātma-pravaṇa-buddhau prāpyamāṇaṃ vastu sarva-bhūtāni na jānanti | kintu tasyāṃ saṃyamī sthita-prajño jāgarti | na tu svapiti | ata ātma-buddhi-niṣṭham ānandaṃ sākṣād anubhavati | yasyāṃ viṣaya-pravaṇāyāṃ buddhau bhūtāni jāgrati, tan-niṣṭhaṃ viṣaya-sukha-śoka-mohādikaṃ sākṣād anubhavanti na tu tatra svapanti | sā muneḥ sthita-prajñasya niśā tan-niṣṭhaṃ kim api nānubhavati ity arthaḥ | kintu paśyataḥ sāṃsārikānāṃ sukha-duḥkha-pradān viṣayān tatraudāsīnyenāvalokayataḥ svabhogyān
viṣayān api yathocitaṃ nirlepam ādadānasyety arthaḥ ||69||
baladevaḥ : sādhakāvasthasya sthita-prajñasyendriya-saṃyamaḥ prayatna-sādhya ity uktam | siddhāvasthasya tu tasya tan-niyamaḥ svābhāvika ity āha yā niśeti | viviktātma-niṣṭhā viṣaya-niṣṭhā ceti buddhir dvividhā | yātma-niṣṭhā buddhiḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ niśā-rūpakeṇopamātra vyajyate rātri-tulyā tadvad aprakāśikā | rātrāv ivātma-niṣṭhāyāṃ buddhau svapanto janās tal-labhyam ātmānaṃ sarve nānubhavantīty arthaḥ | saṃyamī jitendriyas tu tasyāṃ jāgarti na tu svapiti | tayā labhyam ātmānam anubhavatīty arthaḥ | yasyāṃ viṣya-niṣṭhāyāṃ buddhau bhūtānio jāgrati viṣaya-bhogān anubhavanti na tu tatra svapanti sā muneḥ sthita-prajñasya niśā | tasya viṣaya-bhogāprakāśikety arthaḥ | kīdṛśasyety āha paśyata iti | ātmānaṃ sākṣād anubhavataḥ prārabdhaākṛṣṭān viṣayān
apy audāsīnyena bhuñjānasya cety arthaḥ | nartakī-mūrdha-ghaṭāvadhāna-nyāyenātma-dṛṣṭer na tad-anya-rasa-graha iti bhāvaḥ |
__________________________________________________________
BhG 2.70
āpūryamāṇam acala-pratiṣṭhaṃ
samudram āpaḥ praviśanti yadvat |
tadvat kāmā yaṃ praviśanti sarve
sa śāntim āpnoti na kāma-kāmī ||70||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu viṣayeṣu dṛṣṭy-abhāve katham asau tān bhuṅkte ity apekṣāyām āha āpūryamāṇam iti | nānā-nada-nadīnbhir āpūryamāṇam api acala-pratiṣṭham anatikrānta-maryādam eva samudraṃ punar api anyā āpo yathā praviśanti tathā kāmā viṣayā yaṃ munim antar-dṛṣṭiṃ bhogair avikriyamāṇam eva prārabdha-karmabhir ākṣiptāḥ santaḥ praviśanti sa śāntim kaivalyaṃ prāpnoti | na tu kāma-kāmī bhoga-kāmanā-śīlaḥ ||70||
madhusūdanaḥ : etādṛśasya sthita-prajñasya sarva-vikṣepa-śāntir apy artha-siddheti sa-dṛṣṭāntam āha āpūryamāṇam iti | sarvābhir nadībhir āpūryamāṇaṃ santaṃ vṛṣṭy-ādi-prabhavā api sarvā āpaḥ samudraṃ praviśanti | kīdṛśam acala-pratiṣṭham anatikrānta-maryādam | acalānāṃ mainākādīnāṃ pratiṣṭhā yasminn iti vā gāmbhīryātiśaya uktaḥ | yadvad yena prakāreṇa nirvikāratvena tadvat tenaiva nirvikāratva-prakāreṇa yaṃ sthita-prajñaṃ nirvikāram eva santaṃ kāmā ajñair lokaiḥ kāmyamānāḥ śabdādyāḥ sarve viṣayā avarjanīyatayā prārabdha-karma-vaśāt praviśanti na tu vikartuṃ śaknuvanti sa mahā-samudra-sthānīyaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ śāntiṃ sarva-laukikālaukika-karma-vikṣepa-nivṛttiṃ bādhitānuvṛttāvidyā-kārya-nivṛttiṃ cāpnoti jñāna-balena
| na kāma-kāmī kāmān viṣayān kāmayituṃ śīlaṃ yasya sa kāma-kāmy ajñaḥ śāntiṃ samākhyātāṃ nāpnoti | api tu sarvadā laukikālaukika-karma-vikṣepeṇa mahati kleśārṇave magno bhavatīti vākyārthaḥ | etena jñānina eva phala-bhūto vidvat-saṃnyāsas tasyaiva ca sarva-vikṣepa-nivṛtti-rūpā jīvan-muktir daivāddhnīna-viṣaya-bhoge 'pi nirvikāratety-ādikam uktaṃ veditavyam ||70||
viśvanāthaḥ : viṣaya-grahaṇe kṣobha-rāhityam eva nirlepety āha āpūryamāṇam iti | yathā varṣāsu itas tataḥ nādeyā āpaḥ samudraṃ praviśanti kīdṛśam | ā īṣad api āpūryamāṇam tāvatībhir apy adbhiḥ pūrayituṃ na śakyam | acala-pratiṣṭham anatikrānta-maryādaṃ tadvad eva kāmā viṣayā yaṃ praviśanti bhogyatvenāyānti | yathā apāṃ praveśe apraveśe vā samudro na kam api viśeṣam āpadyate | evam eva yaḥ kāmānāṃ bhoge abhoge ca kṣobha-rahita eva syāt sa sthita-prajñaḥ | śāntiṃ jñānam ||70||
baladevaḥ : uktaṃ bhāvaṃ sphuṭayann āha āpūryeti | svarūpeṇaivāpūryamāṇaṃ tathāpy acala-pratiṣṭham anullaṅghita-velaṃ samudraṃ yathāpo 'nyā varṣodbhavā nadyaḥ praviśanti, na tu tatra kiñcid viśeṣaṃ śaknuvanti kartuṃ, tadvat sarve kāmāḥ prārabdhākṛṣṭā viṣayā yaṃ praviśanti na tu vikartuṃ prabhavanti sa śāntim āpnoti | śabdādiṣu tad indriya-gocareṣv api sat svātmānandānubhava-tṛptair vikāra-leśam apy avindan sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | yaḥ kāma-kāmī viṣaya-lipsuḥ sa tūkta-lakṣaṇāṃ śāntiṃ nāpnoti ||70||
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BhG 2.71
vihāya kāmān yaḥ sarvān pumāṃś carati niḥspṛhaḥ |
nirmamo nirahaṃkāraḥ sa śāntim adhigacchati ||71||
śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmāt vihāyeti | prāptān kāmān vihāya tyaktvopekṣya aprāpteṣu ca niḥspṛhaḥ yato nirahaṅkāro 'taeva tad-bhoga-sādhaneṣu nirmamaḥ sann antar-dṛṣṭir bhūtvā yaś carati prārabdha-vaśena bhogān bhuṅkte | yatra kutrāpi gacchati vā | sa śāntim prāpnoti ||71||
madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmāt vihāyeti | prāptān api sarvān bāhyān gṛha-kṣetrādīnāntarān manorājya-rūpān vāsanā-mātra-rūpāṃś ca pathi gacchaṃs tṛṇa-sparśa-rūpān kāmāṃs trividhān vihāyopekṣya śarīra-jīvana-mātre 'pi nispṛhaḥ san | yato nirahaṅkāra śarīrendriyādāv ayam aham ity abhimāna-śūnyaḥ | vidyāvattvādi-nimittātma-sambhāvanā-rahita iti vā | ato nirmamaḥ śarīra-yātrā-mātrārthe 'pi prārabdha-karmākṣipte kaupīnācchādanādau mamedam ity abhimāna-varjitaḥ san yaḥ pumāṃś carati prārabdha-karma-vaśena bhogān bhuṅkte yādṛcchikatayā yatra kvāpi gacchatīti vā | sa evaṃbhūtaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ śāntiṃ sarva-saṃsāra-duḥkhoparama-lakṣaṇām avidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛttim adhigacchati jñāna-balena prāpnoti | tad etad īdṛśaṃ vrajanaṃ
sthita-prajñasyeti caturtha-praśnasyottaraṃ parisamāptam ||71||
viśvanāthaḥ : kaścit tu kāmeṣu aviśvasan naiva tān bhuṅkte ity āha | vihāyeti nirahaṅkāro nirmama iti deha-daihikeṣu ahaṃtā-mamatā-śūnyaḥ ||71||
baladevaḥ : vihāyeti | prāptān kāmān viṣayān sarvān vihāya śarīropajīvana-mātre 'pi nirmamo mamtā-śūnyaḥ nirahaṅkāro 'nātmani śarīre ātmābhimāna-śūnyaś carati tad-upajīvana-mātraṃ bhakṣayati yatra kvāpi gacchati vā sa śāntiṃ labhate iti vrajeta kim ity asyottaram ||71||
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BhG 2.72
eṣā brāhmī sthitiḥ pārtha naināṃ prāpya vimuhyati |
sthitvāsyām anta-kāle 'pi brahma-nirvāṇam ṛcchati ||72||
śrīdharaḥ : uktāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ stuvann upasaṃharati eṣeti | brāhmī sthitir brahma-jñāna-niṣṭhā | eṣaivaṃvidhā | enāṃ parameśvarārādhanena viśuddhāntaḥkaraṇaḥ pumān prāpya na vimuhyati | punaḥ saṃsāra-mohaṃ na prāpnoti | yato 'nta-kāle mṛtyu-samaye 'py asyāṃ lakṣa-mātram api sthitvā brahma-nirvāṇam brahmaṇi nirvāṇaṃ layam ṛcchati prāpnoti | kiṃ punar vaktavyaṃ bālyam ārabhya sthitvā prāpnotīti ||72||
śoka-paṅka-nimagnaṃ yaḥ sāṅkhya-yogopadeśataḥ |
ujjahārārjunaṃ bhaktaṃ sa kṛṣṇa-śaraṇaṃ mama ||
iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmikṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ
dvitīyo 'dhyāyaḥ
||2||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ caturṇāṃ praśnānām uttara-vyājena sarvāṇi sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇāni mumukṣu-kartavyatayā kathitāni | samprati karma-yoga-phala-bhūtāṃ sāṅkhya-niṣṭhāṃ stuvann upasaṃharati eṣeti | eṣā sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇa-vyājena kathitā | eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhir iti ca prāg uktā sthitir niṣṭhā sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-pūrvaka-paramātma-jñāna-lakṣaṇā brāhmī brahma-viṣayā | he pārtha ! enāṃ sthitiṃ prāpya yaḥ kaścid api pnar na vimuhyati | na hi jñāna-bādhitasyājñānasya punaḥ sambhavo 'sti anāditvenotpatty-asambhavāt | asyāṃ sthitāv anta-kāle 'pi antye 'pi vaayasi sthitvā brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahmaṇi nirvāṇaṃ nirvṛttiṃ brahma-rūpaṃ nirvāṇam iti vā | ṛcchati gacchaty abhedena | kim u vaktavyaṃ yo bramacaryād eva saṃnyasya yāvaj-jīvam asyāṃ brāhmyāṃ
sthitāv avatiṣṭhate sa brahma-nirvāṇam ṛcchatīty api-śabdārthaḥ ||72||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām sarva-gītārtha-sūtraṇaṃ nāma
dvitīyo 'dhyāyaḥ ||2||
viśvanāthaḥ : upasaṃharati eṣeti | brāhmī brahma-prāpikā | anta-kāle mṛtyu-samaye 'pi | kiṃ punar ābālyam ||72||
jñānaṃ karma ca vispaṣṭam aspaṣṭaṃ bhaktim uktavān |
ataevāyam adhyāyaḥ śrī-gītā-sūtram ucyate ||
iti sārārtha-varṣiṇyāṃ harṣiṇyāṃ bhakta-cetasām |
śrī-gītāsu dvitīyo 'yaṃ saṅgataḥ saṅgataḥ satām ||2||
baladevaḥ : sthita-prajñatāṃ stauti eṣeti | brāhmī brahma-prāpikā | anta-kāle carame vayasi | kiṃ punar ākaumāraṃ brahma ṛcchati labhate | nirvāṇam amṛta-rūpaṃ tat pradam ity arthaḥ | nanu tasyāṃ sthitaḥ kathaṃ brahma prāpnoti | tat-prāptes tad-bhakti-hetukatvād iti ced ucyate | tasyās tad-bhakti-hetukatvāt tad-bhakti-hetutvāc ca tat-prāpakateti ||72||
niṣkāma-karmabhir jñānī harim eva smaran bhavet |
anyathā vighna eveti dvitīyo 'dhyāya-nirṇayaḥ ||
iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye dvitīyo 'dhyāyaḥ |
||2||
[*ENDNOTE] Only found in Manu.
[*ENDNOTE] This is a reference to chapter 11.25. See VCT to 18.28.