Bhagavadgita 14
with the commentaries of Sridhara, Visvanatha and Baladeva

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BhG 14.1

śrī-bhagavān uvāca
paraṃ bhūyaḥ pravakṣyāmi jñānānāṃ jñānam uttamam |
yaj jñātvā munayaḥ sarve parāṃ siddhim ito gatāḥ ||1||

śrīdharaḥ :

puṃ-prakṛtyoḥ svatantratvaṃ vārayan guṇa-saṅgataḥ |
prāhuḥ saṃsāra-vaicitryaṃ vistareṇa caturdaśe ||

yāvat sañjāyate kiñcit sattvaṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamam | kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogāt tad viddhi bharatarṣabha || ity uktam | sa ca kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ saṃyogo nirīśvara-sāṅkhyānām iva na svātantryeṇa | kintu īśvarecchayiveti kathana-pūrvakaṃ kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo 'sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu ity anenoktaṃ sattvādi-guṇīkṛtaṃ saṃsāra-vaicitryaṃ prapañcayiṣyan evambhūtaṃ vakṣyamānam arthaṃ stauti bhagavān paraṃ bhūya iti dvābhyām | paraṃ paramātma-niṣṭham | jñāyate aneneti jñānam upadeśaḥ | taj jñānaṃ bhūyo 'pi tubhyaṃ prakarṣeṇa vakṣyāmi | kathambhūtam | jñānānāṃ tapaḥ-karmādi-viṣayāṇāṃ madhya uttamam | mokṣa-hetutvāt | tad evāha yaj jñātvā munayo manana-śīlāḥ sarve | ito deha-bandhanāt | parāṃ siddhiṃ mokṣam | gatāḥ prāptāḥ ||1||

madhusūdanaḥ : pūrvādhyāye - yāvat saṃjāyate kiṃcit sattvaṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamam | kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogāt tad viddhi [Gītā 13.26] ity uktaṃ tatra nirīśvara-sāṅkhyam atinirākaraṇena kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogasyeśvarādhīnatvaṃ vaktavyam | evaṃ kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo 'sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu ity uktaṃ tatra kasmin guṇa kathaṃ saṅgaḥ ke vā guṇāḥ kathaṃ vā te badhnantīti vaktavyam | tathā bhūta-prakṛti-mokṣaṃ ca ye vidur yānti te param ity uktaṃ tatra bhūta-prakṛti-śabditebhyo guṇebhyaḥ kathaṃ mokṣaṇaṃ syān muktasya ca kiṃ lakṣaṇam iti vaktavyaṃ, tad etat sarvaṃ vistareṇa vaktuṃ caturdaśo 'dhyāya ārabhyate | tatra vakṣyamāṇam arthaṃ dvābhyāṃ stuvan śrotṝṇāṃ rucy-utpattaye śrī-bhagavān uvāca param iti | jñāyate 'nena jñānaṃ paramātma-jñāna-sādhanaṃ paraṃ śreṣṭhaṃ para-vastu-viṣayatvāt | kīdṛśaṃ tat ? jñānānāṃ jñāna-sādhanānāṃ bahiraṅgāṇāṃ yajñādīnāṃ madhya uttamam uttama-phalatvāt | na tvam ānitvādīnāṃ teṣām antaraṅgatvenottama-phalatvāt | param ity anenotkṛṣṭa-viṣayatvam uktam | uttamam ity anena tūtkṛṣṭa-phalatvam iti bhedaḥ | īdṛśaṃ jñānam ahaṃ pravakṣyāmi bhūyaḥ punaḥ pūrveṣv adhyāyeṣv asakṛd uktam api yaj jñānaṃ jñātvānuṣṭhāya munayo manana-śīlāḥ saṃnyāsinaḥ sarve parāṃ siddhiṃ mokṣākhyām ito deha-bandhanād gatāḥ prāptāḥ ||1||

viśvanāthaḥ :

guṇāḥ syur bandhakās te tu phalair jñeyāś caturdaśe |
guṇātyaye ciha-tatir hetur bhaktiś ca varṇitā ||

pūrvādhyāye kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo 'sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu ity uktam | tatra ke guṇāḥ, kīdṛśo guṇa-saṅgaḥ, kasya guṇasya saṅgāt kiṃ phalaṃ syāt, guṇa-yuktasya kiṃvā lakṣaṇam | kathaṃ vā guṇebhyo mocanam ity apekṣāyāṃ vakṣyamānam arthaṃ stuvāno vaktuṃ pratijānīte param iti | jñāyate æneneti jñānam upadeśaḥ param atyuttamam ||1||

baladevaḥ :
guṇāḥ syur bandhakās te tu pariceyāḥ phalais trayaḥ |
mad-bhaktyā tan-nivṛttiḥ syād iti proktaṃ caturdaśe ||

pūrvādhyāye mithaḥ-sampṛktānāṃ prakṛti-jīveśvarāṇāṃ svarūpāṇi vivicya jānann amānitvādi-dharmair viśiṣṭaḥB prakṛti-bandhād vimucyate bandha-hetuś ca guṇa-saṅga ity uktam | tatra ke guṇāḥ, kasmin guṇe kathaṃ saṅgaḥ, kasya guṇasya saṅgāt kiṃ phalaṃ, guṇa-saṅginaḥ kiṃvā lakṣaṇaṃ kathaṃ vā guṇebhyo muktiḥ ity apekṣāyāṃ vakṣyamāṇam artham ātma-rucy-utpattaye bhagavān stauti param iti dvābhyām |

paraṃ pūrvoktād anyaṃ prakṛti-jīvāntargatam eva guṇa-viṣayakaṃ jñānaṃ bhūyo vakṣyāmi yaj-jñānānāṃ prakṛti-jīva-viṣayakāṇām uttamaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ navanītavad uddhṛtatvāt | yaj jñātvopalabhya sarve munayas tan-manana-śīlā ito loke param ātma-yāthātmyopalabdhi-lakṣaṇāṃ siddhiṃ gatāḥ | yad vā jñāyate 'neneti jñānam upadeśam, tac ca prāg uktam api bhūyaḥ punar vidhāntareṇa vakṣyāmi | tac ca jñānānāṃ tapaḥ-prabhṛtīnāṃ jñāna-sādhanānāṃ madhye param uttamam atyuttamaṃ tad-antaraṅga-sādhanatvāt | yaj jñātvā sarve munaya ito lokāt parāṃ mokṣa-lakṣaṇāṃ siddhiṃ gatāḥ ||1||

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BhG 14.2

idaṃ jñānam upāśritya mama sādharmyam āgatāḥ |
sarge 'pi nopajāyante pralaye na vyathanti ca ||2||

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca idam iti | idaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ jñānam upāśrityedaṃ jñāna-sādhanam anuṣṭhāya mama sādharmyaṃ mad-rūpatvaṃ prāptāḥ santaḥ sarge 'pi brahmādiṣu utpādyamāneṣv api notpadyante | tathā pralaye 'pi na vyathanti | pralaye duḥkhaṃ nānubhavanti | punar nāvartanta ity arthaḥ ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ : tasyāḥ siddhair aikāntikatvaṃ darśayati idaṃ iti | idaṃ yathoktam jñānaṃ jñāna-sādhanam upāśrityānuṣṭhāya mama parameśvarasya sādharmyaṃ mad-rūpatām atyantābhedenāgatāḥ prāptāḥ santaḥ sarge 'pi hiraṇyagarbhādiṣūtpadyamāneṣv api nopajāyante | pralaye brahmaṇo 'pi vināśa-kāle na vyathanti ca vyathante na ca līyanta ity arthaḥ ||14.2||

viśvanāthaḥ : sādharmyaṃ sārūpya-lakṣaṇāṃ muktiṃ | na vyathanti na vyathante ||2||

baladevaḥ : idam iti | gurūpāsanayedaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ jñānam upāśritya prāpya janāḥ sarveśasya mama nityāvirbhūta-guṇāṣṭakasya sādharmyaṃ sādhanāvirbhāvitena tad-aṣṭakena sāmyam āgatāḥ santaḥ sarge nopajāyante sṛji-karmatāṃ nāpnuvanti pralaye na vyathante mṛti-karmatāṃ ca na yāntīti janma-mṛtyubhyāṃ rahitā muktā bhavantīti mokṣe jīva-bahutvam uktam | tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padaṃ sadā paśyanti sūrayaḥ ity ādi-śrutibhyaś caitad avagatam ||2||

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BhG 14.3

mama yonir mahad brahma tasmin garbhaṃ dadhāmy aham |
saṃbhavaḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ tato bhavati bhārata ||3||

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ praśaṃsayā śrotāram abhimukhīkṛtyedaṃ parameśvarādhīnayoḥ prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ prati hetutvaṃ na tu svatantrayor itīmaṃ vivakṣitam arthaṃ kathayati mameti | deśataḥ kālataś cāparicchinnatvān mahat | bṛṃhitatvāt svakāryāṇāṃ vṛddhi-hetutvād vā brahma | prakṛtir ity arthaḥ | tan mahad brahma mama parameśvarasya yonir garbhādhāna-sthānam | tasminn ahaṃ garbhaṃ jagad-vistāra-hetuṃ cid-ābhāsaṃ dadhāmi nikṣipāmi | pralaye mayi līnaṃ santam avidyā-kāma-karmānuśaya-vantaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ sṛṣṭi-samaye bhoga-yogyena kṣetreṇa saṃyojayāmīty arthaḥ | tato garbhādhānāt sarva-bhūtānāṃ brahmādīnāṃ sambhava utpattir bhavati ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ praśaṃśayā śrotāram abhimukhīkṛtya parameśvarādhīnayoḥ prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ prati hetutvaṃ na tu sāṅkhya-siddhāntavat svatantrayor itīmaṃ vivakṣitam artham āha mama yonir iti dvābhyām |

sarva-kāryāpekṣayādhikatvāt kāraṇaṃ mahat | sarva-kāryāṇāṃ vṛddhi-hetutva-rūpād bṛṃhaṇatvād brahma | avyākṛtaṃ prakṛtis triguṇātmkikā māyā mahad brahma | tac ca mameśvarasya yonir garbhādhāna-sthānaṃ tasmin mahati brahmaṇi yonau garbhaṃ sarva-bhūta-janma-kāraṇam ahaṃ bahu syāṃ prajāyeya itīkṣaṇa-rūpaṃ saṃkalpaṃ dadhāmi dhārayāmi tat-saṅkalpa-viṣayīkaromīty arthaḥ | yathā hi | kaścit pitā putram anuśayinaṃ vrīhy-ādy-āhāra-rūpeṇa svasmin līnaṃ śarīreṇa yojayituṃ yonau retaḥ-seka-pūrvakaṃ garbham ādhatte | tasmāc ca garbhādhānāt sa putraḥ śarīreṇa yujyate | tad arthaṃ ca madhye kalalādy-avasthā bhavanti | tathā pralaye mayi līnam avidiyā-kāma-karmānuśayavantaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ sṛṣṭi-samaye bhogyena kṣetreṇa kārya-kāraī̀ea-saṃghātena yojayituṃ cid-ābhāsaākhya-retaḥ-seka-pūrvakaṃ māyā-vṛtti-rūpaṃ garbham aham ādadhāmi | tad-arthaṃ hiraṇyagarbhādīnāṃ bhavati he bhārata na tv īśvara-kṛta-garbhādhānaṃ vinety arthaḥ ||14.3||

viśvanāthaḥ : atha anādy-avidyā-kṛtasya guṇa-saṅgasya bandha-hetutā-prakāraṃ vaktuṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ sambhava-prakāram āha mama parameśvarasya yonir garbhādhāna-sthānaṃ mahad brahma deśa-kālānavacchinnatvāt mahat, bṛṃhaṇāt kārya-rūpeṇa vṛddher hetor brahma prakṛtir ity arthaḥ | śrutāv api kvacit prakṛtir brahmeti nirdiśyate | tasminn ahaṃ garbhaṃ dadhāmy ādadhāmi | itas tv anyāṃ prakṛtiṃ viddhi me parāṃ jīva-bhūtām ity anena cetana-puñja-rūpā yā jīva-prakṛtis taṭastha-śakti-rūpā nirdiṣṭā sā sakala-prāṇi-jīvatayā garbha-śabdenocyate | tato mat-kṛtāt garbhādhānāt sarva-bhūtānāṃ brahmādīnāṃ sambhava utpattiḥ ||3||

baladevaḥ : tad evaṃ vaktavyārtha-stutyā tasmin ruciṃ śrotur utpādya bhūmir āpaḥ ity ādi-dvayārthānusārāt yāvat sañjāyate kiñcit ity ādau prakṛti-jīva-saṃyogaṃ pareśa-hetukam abhimatam iha sphuṭayati mameti | mahat sarvasya prapañcasya kāraṇaṃ brahmābhivyakta-sattvādi-guṇakaṃ pradhānaṃ mama sarveśvarsyāṇḍa-koṭi-sraṣṭur yonir garbha-dhāraṇa-sthānaṃ bhavati | pradhāne brahma-śabdaś ca tasmād etad brahma nāma-rūpam annaṃ ca jāyate | iti śruteḥ | tasmin mahati brahmaṇi yoni-bhūte garbhaṃ paramāṇu-caitanya-rāśim ahaṃ dadhāmy arpayāmi bhūmir āpaḥ ity ādinā yā jaḍā prakṛtir uktā | seha mahad brahmety ucyate | itas tv anyām ity ādinā yā cetanā prakṛtir uktā seha sarva-prāṇi-bījatvād garbha-śabdeneti bhoga-kṣetra-bhūtayā jaḍayā prakṛtyā saha cetana-bhoktṛ-vargaṃ saṃyojayāmīty arthaḥ | tato mahad-dhetukāt prakṛti-dvaya-saṃyogād garbhādhānād vā sarva-bhūtānāṃ brahmādi-stambāntānāṃ sambhavo janir bhavati ||3||

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BhG 14.4

sarva-yoniṣu kaunteya mūrtayaḥ saṃbhavanti yāḥ |
tāsāṃ brahma mahad yonir ahaṃ bīja-pradaḥ pitā ||4||

śrīdharaḥ : na kevalaṃ sṛṣṭy-upakrama eva mad-adhiṣṭhānenābhyāṃ prakṛti-puruṣābhyām ayaṃ bhūtotpatti-prakāraḥ | api tu sarvadaivety āha sarveti | sarvāsu yoniṣu manuṣyādyāsu yā mūrtayaḥ sthāvara-jaṅgamātmikā utpadyante tāsāṃ mūrtīnāṃ mahad brahma prakṛtir yonir mātṛ-sthānīyā | ahaṃ ca bīja-pradaḥ pitā garbhādhāna-kartā pitā ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu kathaṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ tataḥ sambhavo devādi-deha-viśeṣāṇāṃ kāraṇāntara-sambhavād ity āśaṅkyāha sarva-yoniṣv iti | deva-pitṛ-manuṣya-paśu-mṛgādi-sarva-yoniṣu yā mūrtayo jarāyujāṇḍodbhijjādi-bhedena vilakṣaṇā vividha-saṃsthānās tanavaḥ saṃbhavanti he kaunteya! tāsāṃ mūrtīnāṃ tat-tat-kāraṇa-bhāvāpannaṃ mahad brahmaiva yonir mātṛ-sthānīyā | ahaṃ parameśvaro bīja-prado garbhādhānasya kartā pitā | tena mahato brahmaṇa evāvasthā-viśeṣāḥ kāraṇāntarāṇīti yuktam uktaṃ sambhavaḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ tato bhavati [Gītā 14.3] iti ||4||

viśvanāthaḥ : na kevalaṃ sṛṣṭy-utpatti-samaya eva sarva-bhūtānāṃ prakṛtir mātā ahaṃ pitā api tu sarvadaivety āha sarvāsu yoniṣu devādyāsu stamba-paryantāsu yā mūrtayo jaṅgama-sthāvarātmikā utpadyante tāsāṃ mūrtīnāṃ mahad brahma prakṛtiḥ | yonir utpatti-sthānaṃ mātā | ahaṃ bīja-pradaḥ garbhādhāna-kartā pitā ||4||

baladevaḥ : sarveti | he kaunteya sarva-yoniṣu devādi-sthāvarāntāsu yoniṣu yā mūrtayas tanavaḥ sambhavanti tāsāṃ mahad brahma pradhānaṃ yonir utpatti-hetur mātety arthaḥ | jīva-pradas tat-karmānuguṇyena paramāṇu-caitanya-rāśi-saṃyojakaḥ pareśo 'haṃ pitā bhavāmi ||4||

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BhG 14.5

sattvaṃ rajas tama iti guṇāḥ prakṛti-saṃbhavāḥ |
nibadhnanti mahā-bāho dehe dehinam avyayam ||5||

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ parameśvarādhīnābhyāṃ prakṛti-puruṣābhyāṃ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ nirūpyedānīṃ prakṛti-saṃyogena puruṣasya saṃsāraṃ prapañcayati | sattvam ity ādi caturdaśabhiḥ | sattvaṃ rajas tama ity evaṃ saṃjñakās trayo guṇāḥ prakṛti-sambhavāḥ | prakṛteḥ sambhava udbhavo yeṣāṃ te tathoktāḥ | gūna-sāmyaṃ prakṛtiḥ | tasyāḥ sakāśāt pṛthaktveābhivyaktāḥ santaḥ prakṛti-kārye dehe tādātmyena sthitaṃ dehinaṃ cid-aṃśaṃ vastuto 'vyayaṃ nirvikāram eva santaṃ nibadhnanti sva-kāryaiḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohādibhiḥ saṃyojayantīty arthaḥ ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ nirīśvara-sāṅkhya-nirākaraṇena kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogasyeśvarādhīnatvam uktam | idānīṃ kasmin guṇe saṅgaḥ ? ke vā guṇāḥ ? kathaṃ vā te badhnanti ? ity ucyate sattvam ity ādinānyam ity ataḥ prāk caturdaśabhiḥ | sattvaṃ rajas tama ity evaṃ-nāmāno guṇā nitya-paratantrāḥ puruṣaṃ prati sarveṣām acetanānāṃ cetanārthatvāt | na tu vaiśeṣikāṇāṃ rūpādivad dravyāśritāḥ | na ca guṇa-guṇinor anyatvam atra vivakṣitam guṇa-trayātmakatvāt prakṛteḥ | tarhi kathaṃ prakṛti-sambhavāḥ ? ity ucyate - trayāṇāṃ guṇānāṃ sāmyāvasthā prakṛtir māyā bhagavats tasyāḥ sakāśāt parasparāṅgāṅgi-bhāvena vaiṣamyeṇa pariṇatāḥ prakṛti-sambhavā ity ucyante | te ca dehe prakṛti-kārye śarīrendriya-saṃghāte dehinaṃ deha-tādātmyādhyāsāpannaṃ jīvaṃ paramārthataḥ sarva-vikāra-śūnyatvenāvyayaṃ nibadhnanti nirvikāram eva santaṃ sva-vikāravattayopadarśayantīva bhrāntyā jala-pātrāṇīva divi sthitam ādityaṃ pratibimbādhyāsena sva-kampādimattayā | yathā ca pāramarthiko bandho nāsti tathā vyākhyātaṃ prāk - śarīrastho 'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate [Gītā 13.32] iti ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad eva prakṛti-puruṣābhyāṃ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ nirūpeydānīṃ ke guṇā ucyante | teṣu saṅgāt jīvasya kīdṛśo bandha ity apekṣāyām āha sattvam iti | dehe prakṛti-kārye tādātmyena sthitaṃ dehinaṃ jīvaṃ vastuto 'vyayaṃ nirvikāram asaṅginam apy anādy-avidyayā kṛtād guṇa-saṅgād eva hetor guṇā nibadhnanti ||5||

baladevaḥ : atha ke guṇāḥ kathaṃ teṣu puruṣasya saṅgaḥ kathaṃ vā te taṃ nibadhnanti ity āha sattvam iti caturbhiḥ | sattvādi-saṃjñakās trayo guṇāḥ prakṛti-sambhavāḥ prakṛter abhivyaktās te sva-kārye dehe sthitaṃ puruṣam avyayaṃ vastuto nirvikāram api nibadhnanty aviveka-gṛhītaiḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohaiḥ svadharmais taṃ yojayantīti ||5||

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BhG 14.6

tatra sattvaṃ nirmalatvāt prakāśakam anāmayam |
sukha-saṅgena badhnāti jñāna-saṅgena cānagha ||6||

śrīdharaḥ : tatra sattvasya bandhakatva-prakāraṃ cāha tatreti | tatra teṣāṃ guṇānāṃ madhye sattvaṃ nirmalatvāt svacchatvāt sphaṭika-maṇir iva prakāśakaṃ bhāsvaram anāmayaṃ ca nirupadravam | śāntam ity arthaḥ | ataḥ śāntatvāt sva-kāryeṇa sukhena yaḥ saṅgas tena badhnāti | prakāśakatvāc ca svakāryeṇa jñānena yaḥ saṅgas tena ca badhnāti | he anagha niṣpāpa, ahaṃ sukhī jñānī ceti manodharmāṃs tad-abhimānini kṣetrajñe saṃyojayatīty arthaḥ ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ : tatra ko guṇaḥ kena saṅgena badhnāti ? ity ucyate tatreti | tatra teṣu guṇeṣu madhye sattvaṃ prakāśakam caitanyasya tamo-guṇa-kṛtāvaraṇa-tirodhāyakaṃ
nirmalatvāt svacchatvāc cid-bimba-grahaṇa-yogyatvād iti yāvat | na kevalaṃ caitanyābhivyañjakaṃ kintu anāmayaṃ | āmayo duḥkhaṃ tad-virodhi sukhasyāpi vyañjakam ity arthaḥ | tad badhnāti sukha-saṅgena ca dehinaṃ ! he anagha avyasana ! sarvatra sambodhanānām abhiprāyaḥ prāg uktaḥ smartavyaḥ | atra sukha-jñāna-śabdābhyām antaḥ-karaṇa-pariṇāmau tad-vyañjakāv ucyete | icchā dveṣaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ saṃghātaś cetanā dhṛtiḥ [Gītā 13.7] iti sukha-cetanayor apīcchādivat kṣetra-dharmatvena pāṭhāt | tatrāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmasya sukhasya jñānasya cātmany adhyāsaḥ saṅgo 'haṃ jāna iti ca | na hi viṣaya-dharmo viṣayiṇo bhavati | tasmād avidyā-mātram etad iti śataśa uktaṃ prāk ||6||

viśvanāthaḥ : tatra sattvasya lakṣaṇaṃ bandhakatva-prakāraṃ cāha tatreti | anāmayaṃ nirupadravaṃ śāntam ity arthaḥ | | śāntatvāt svakāryeṇa sukhena yaḥ saṅgaḥ prakāśakatvāt svakāryeṇa jñānena ca yaḥ saṅgaḥ ahaṃ sukhī jñānī cety upādhi-dharmayor avidyayaiva jīvasyābhimānas tena taṃ badhnāti | he anagheti tvaṃ tu ahaṃ sukhī ahaṃ jñānīty abhimāna-lakṣaṇam aghaṃ mā svīkur iti bhāvaḥ ||6||

baladevaḥ : atha sattvādīnāṃ trayāṇāṃ lakṣaṇāni bandhakatva-prakārāṃś cāha tatreti tribhiḥ | tatra teṣu triṣu madhye prakāśakaṃ jñāna-vyañjakam anāmayam arogaṃ duḥkha-virodhi-sukha-vyañjakam iti yāvat | kutaḥ | nirmalatvāt svacchatvāt | tathā ca prakāśa-sukha-kāraṇaṃ sattvam iti | tac ca sattvaṃ sva-kārye jñāne sukhe ca yaḥ saṃyogo jñāny ahaṃ sukhy aham ity abhimānas tena puruṣaṃ nibadhnāti | jñānaṃ cedaṃ laukika-vastu -yāthātmya-viṣayaṃ sukhaṃ ca dehendriya-prasada-rūpaṃ bodhyam | tatra tatra saṅge sati tad-upāyeṣu karmasu pravṛttis tat-phalānubhavopāyeṣu deheṣūtpattiḥ | punaś ca tatra tatra saṅga iti na sattvād vimuktiḥ ||6||

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BhG 14.7

rajo rāgātmakaṃ viddhi tṛṣṇāsaṅga-samudbhavam |
tan nibadhnāti kaunteya karma-saṅgena dehinam ||7||

śrīdharaḥ : rajaso lakṣaṇaṃ bandhakatvaṃ cāha raja iti | rajaḥ-saṃjñakaṃ guṇaṃ rāgātmakam anurañjana-rūpaṃ viddhi | ataeva tṛṣṇāsaṅga-samudbhavam | tṛṣṇāprāpter 'rthe 'bhilāṣaḥ | sagagaḥ prāPte 'rthe prītir viśeṣeṇāsaktiḥ | tayos tṛṣṇāsaṅgayoḥ samudbhavo yasmāt tad-rajo dehinaṃ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtheṣu karmasu saṅgenāsaktyā nitarāṃ badhnāti | tṛṣṇāsaṅgābhyāṃ hi karmasu āsaktir bhavatīty arthaḥ ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ : rajyate viṣayeṣu puruṣo 'neneti rāgaḥ kāmo gardhaḥ sa evātmā svarūpaṃ yasya dharma-dharmitṇos tādātmyāt tad rāgātmakaṃ rajo viddhi | ata evāprāptābhilāṣas tṛṣṇā | prāptasyopasthite 'pi vināśe saṃrakṣaṇābhilāṣa āsaṅgas tayos tṛṣṇāsaṅgayoḥ sambhavo yasmāt tad rajo nibadhnāti | he kaunteya ! karma-saṅgena karmasu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtheṣu aham ikdaṃ karomy etat phalaṃ bhokṣya ity abhiniveśa-viśeṣeṇa dehinaṃ vastuto 'kartāram eva kartṛtvābhimāninaṃ rajasaḥ pravṛtti-hetutvāt ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ : rajo-guṇaṃ rāgātmakam anurañjana-rūpaṃ viddhi | tṛṣṇā aprāpte 'rthe abhilāṣaḥ | saṅgaḥ prāpte 'rthe āsaktiḥ | tayoḥ samudbhavo yasmāt tad rajaḥ dehinaṃ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtheṣu karmasu saṅgenāsaktyā badhnāti tṛṣṇā-saṅgābhyāṃ karmasv āsaktir bhavati ||7||

baladevaḥ : raja iti rāgaḥ strī-puruṣayor mitho 'bhilāsas tad-ātmakaṃ rajo-vṛddhi-hetu-kāryayos tādātmyāt | tac ca tṛṣṇādi-samudbhavaṃ śabdādi-viṣayābhilāṣas tṛṣṇā | putra-mitrādi-saṃyogo 'bhilāṣaḥ saṅgas tayoḥ sambhavo yasmāt tat | tathā ca rāga-tṛṣṇāsaṅga-kāraṇaṃ rajaḥ iti | tad rajaḥ strī-viṣaya-putrādi-prāpakeṣu karmasu saṅgenābhilāṣeṇa dehinaṃ puruṣaṃ nibadhnāti | stry-ādi-spṛhayā karmāṇi karoti | tāni tat-phalānubhavopāya-bhūtān stry-ādīn prāpayanti | punar apy evam iti rajaso na vimuktiḥ ||7||

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BhG 14.8

tamas tv ajñāna-jaṃ viddhi mohanaṃ sarva-dehinām |
pramādālasya-nidrābhis tan nibadhnāti bhārata ||8||

śrīdharaḥ : tamaso lakṣaṇaṃ bandhakatvaṃ cāha tama iti | tamas tv ajñānāj jātam āvaraṇa-śakti-pradhānāt prakṛty-aṃśād udbhutaṃ viddhīty arthaḥ | ataḥ sarveṣāṃ dehināṃ mohanaṃ bhrānti-janakam | ataeva pramādenālasyena nidrayā ca tat tamo dehinaṃ nibadhnāti | tatra pramādo 'navadhānam | ālasyam anudyamaḥ | nidrā cittasyāvasādāl layaḥ ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ : tu-śabdaḥ sattva-rajopekṣayā viśeṣa-dyotanārthaḥ | ajñānād āvaraṇa-śakti-rūpād udbhūtam ajñāna-jaṃ tamo viddhi | ataḥ sarveṣāṃ dehināṃ mohanam aviveka-rūpatvena bhrānti-janakam | pramādenālasyena nidrayā ca tat tamo nibadhnāti | dehinam ity anuṣajyate | he bhārata | pramādo vastu-vivekāsāmarthyaṃ sattva-kārya-prakāśa-virodhī | ālasyaṃ pravṛtty-asāmarthyaṃ rajaḥ-kārya-pravṛtti-virodhi | ubhaya-virodhinī tamo-guṇālambanā vṛttir nidreti vivekaḥ ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ : ajñānam ajñānāt svīya-phalāt jātaṃ pratītam anumitaṃ bhavatīty ajñānajam ajñāna-janakam ity arthaḥ | mohanaṃ bhrānti-janakam | pramādo 'navadhānam | ālasyam anudyamaḥ | nidrā cittasyāvasādāl layaḥ ||8||

baladevaḥ : tamas tv iti | tu-śabdaḥ pūrva-dvitīyād viśeṣa-dyotakaḥ | vastu-yāthātmyāvagamo jñānaṃ tad-virodhy-āvarakatā-pradhānaṃ prakṛty-aṃśo 'jñānam | tasmāj jātaṃ tamo ætaḥ sarva-dehināṃ mohanaṃ viparyaya-jñāna-janakam | tathā ca vastu-yāthātmya-jñānāvarakaṃ viparyaya-jñāna-janakaṃ tamaḥ iti | tat tamaḥ pramādādibhiḥ svakāryaiḥ puruṣaṃ nibadhnāti | tatra pramādo 'navadhānam akārye karmaṇi pravṛtti-rūpaṃ sattva-kārya-prakāśa-virodhī | ālasyam anudyamaḥ, rajaḥ-kārya-pravṛtti-virodhi | tad-ubhaya-virodhinī tu nidrā cittasyāvasādātmeti ||8||

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BhG 14.9

sattvaṃ sukhe saṃjayati rajaḥ karmaṇi bhārata |
jñānam āvṛtya tu tamaḥ pramāde saṃjayaty uta ||9||

śrīdharaḥ : sattvādīnām evaṃ sva-sva-kārya-karaṇe sāmarthyātiśayam āha sattvam iti | sattvaṃ sukhe sañjayati saṃśleṣayati | duḥkha-śokādi-kāraṇe sabhāpi sukhābhimukham eva dehinaṃ karotiīty arthaḥ | evaṃ sukhādi-kāraṇe saty api rajaḥ karmaṇy eva sañjayati | tamas tu mahat-saṅgena utpādyamānam api jñānam āvṛtyaācchādya pramāde sañjayati | mahadbhir upadiśyamānasyārthasyānavadhāne yojayati utāpi | ālasyādāv api saṃyojayatīty arthaḥ ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ :

viśvanāthaḥ : uktam evārthaṃ saṅkṣepeṇa punar darśayati | sattvaṃ kartṛ sukhe svīya-phale āsaktaṃ jīvaṃ sañjayati vaśīkaroti nibadhnātīty arthaḥ | rajaḥ kartṛ karmāṇi āsaktaṃ jīvaṃ badhnāti | tamaḥ kartṛ pramāde 'bhirataṃ taṃ jñānam āvṛtya ajñānam utpādyety arthaḥ ||9||

baladevaḥ : guṇāḥ svāny advayotkṛṣṭāḥ santaḥ svakārye tanvantīty āha sattvam iti dvābhyām | sattvam utkṛṣṭaṃ sat sva-kārye sukhe puruṣaṃ sañjayaty āsaktaṃ karoti | rajo utkṛṣṭaṃ sat karmāṇi taṃ sañjayati | tama utkṛṣṭaṃ sat pramāde taṃ sañjayati jñānam āvṛtyācchādyājñānam utpādyety arthaḥ ||9||

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BhG 14.10

rajas tamaś cābhibhūya sattvaṃ bhavati bhārata |
rajaḥ sattvaṃ tamaś caiva tamaḥ sattvaṃ rajas tathā ||10||

śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetum āha raja iti | rajas-tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayam abhibhūya tiraskṛtya sattvaṃ bhavati | adṛṣṭa-vaśād udbhavati | tataḥ svakārye sukha-jñānādau sañjayatīty arthaḥ | evaṃ rajo 'pi sattvaṃ tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayam abhibhūyodbhavati | tataḥ svakārye tṛṣṇākarmādau sañjayati | evaṃ tamo 'pi sattvaṃ rajaś cobhāv api guṇāv abhibhūyodbhavati | tataś ca sva-kārye pramādālasyādau sañjayatīty arthaḥ ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ : uktaṃ kāryaṃ kadā kurvanti guṇāḥ ? ity ucyate raja iti | rajas tamaś ca yugapad ubhāv api guṇāv abhibhūya sattvaṃ bhavati udbhavati vardhate yadā, tadā sva-kāryaṃ prāg-uktam asādhāraṇyena karotīti śeṣaḥ | evaṃ rajo 'pi sattvaṃ tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayam abhibhūyodbhavati yadā, tadā sva-kāryam prāg-uktaṃ karoti | tathā tadvad eva tamo 'pi sattvaṃ rajaś cety ubhāv api guṇāv abhibhūyodbhavati yadā, tadā sva-kāryam prāg-uktaṃ karotīty arthaḥ ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ : uktaṃ sva-sva-kāryaṃ sukhādikaṃ prati guṇāḥ kathaṃ prabhavantīty apekṣāyām āha rajas tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayam abhibhūya tiraskṛtya sattvaṃ bhavati adṛṣṭa-vaśād udbhavati | evaṃ rajo 'pi sattvaṃ tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayābhibhūya tādṛśādṛṣṭa-vaśād udbhavati | tamo 'pi sattvaṃ rajaś cobhāv api guṇāv abhibhūyodbhavati ||10||

baladevaḥ : sameṣu triṣu katham akasmād ekasyotkarṣa iti cet prācīna-tādṛśa-karmodayāt tādṛśāhārāc ca svabhavatīti bhavavān āha raja iti | sattvaṃ kartṛ rajas tamaś cābhibhūyo tiraskṛtyotkṛṣṭaṃ bhavati | rajaḥ kartṛ sattvaṃ tamaś cābhibhūyotkṛṣṭaṃ bhavati | tamaḥ kartṛ sattvaṃ rajaś cābhibhūyotkṛṣṭaṃ bhavati | yadotkṛṣṭaṃ bhavati, tadā pūrvoktam asādhāraṇaṃ kāryaṃ karotīti śeṣaḥ ||10||

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BhG 14.11

sarva-dvāreṣu dehe 'smin prakāśa upajāyate |
jñānaṃ yadā tadā vidyād vivṛddhaṃ sattvam ity uta ||11||

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ sattvādīnāṃ vivṛddhānāṃ liṅgāny āha sarva-dvāreṣv iti tribhiḥ | asminn ātmano bhogāyatane dehe sarveṣv api dvāreṣu śrotrādiṣu yadā śabdādi-jñānātmakaḥ prakāśa upajāyate utpadyate tadānena prakāśaliṅgena sattvaṃ vivṛddhaṃ vidyāj jānīyāt | uta śabdāt sukhādi-liṅgenāpi jānīyād ity uktam ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīm udbhūtānāṃ teṣāṃ liṅgāny āha tribhiḥ sarva-dvāreṣv iti | asminn ātmano bhogāyatane dehe sarveṣv api dvāreṣūpalabdhi-sādhaneṣu śrotrādi-karaṇeṣu yadā prakāśo buddhi-pariṇāma-viśeṣo viṣayākāraḥ sva-viṣayāvaraṇa-virodhī dīpavat, tad eva jñānaṃ śabdādi-viṣaya upajāyate tadānena śabdādi-viṣaya-jñānākhya-prakāśena liṅgena prakāśātmakaṃ sattvaṃ vivṛddham udbhūtam iti vidyāj jānīyāt | utāpi sukhādi-liṅgenāpi jānīyād ity arthaḥ ||11||

viśvanāthaḥ : vardhamāno guṇa eva svāpekṣayā kṣīṇāv itarau guṇāv abhivaatīty uktam | atas teṣāṃ vṛddhi-liṅgāny āha sarveti tribhiḥ | sarva-dvāreṣu śrotrādiṣu yadā prakāśaḥ syāt | kīdṛśaḥ | jñānaṃ vaidika-śabdādi-yathārtha-jñānātmakaṃ tadā tādṛśa-jñāna-liṅgenaiva sattvaṃ vivṛddham iti jānīyāt | ut-śabdād ātmottha-sukhāṭtmakaḥ prakāśaś ca yadeti ||11||

baladevaḥ : utkṛṣṭānāṃ sattvādīnāṃ liṅgāny āha sarveti tribhiḥ | yadā sarveṣu jñāna-dvāreṣu śrotrādiṣu śabdādi-yāthātmya-prakāśa-rūpṃ jñānam upajāyate | tadā tādṛśa-jñāna-liṅgenāsmin dehe sattvaṃ vivṛddhaṃ vidyāt | utety apy arthe | sukha-liṅgenāpi tad vidyād ity arthaḥ ||11||

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BhG 14.12

lobhaḥ pravṛttir ārambhaḥ karmaṇām aśamaḥ spṛhā |
rajasy etāni jāyante vivṛddhe bharatarṣabha ||12||

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca lobha iti | lobho dhanādy-āgame jāyamāne 'pi punaḥ punar vardhamāno 'bhilāṣaḥ | pravṛttir nityaṃ kurvad-rūpatā | karmaṇām ārambho mahā-gṛhādi-nirmāṇodyamaḥ | aśama idaṃ kṛtvā idaṃ kariṣyāmi ity ādi saṅkalpa-vikalpānuparamaḥ | spṛhā uccāvaceṣu dṛṣṭa-mātreṣu vastuṣu itas tato jighṛkṣā | rajasi vivṛddhe saty etāni liṅgāni jāyante | etais tamaso vivṛddhir jāānīyād ity arthaḥ ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : mahati dhanāgame jāyamāne 'py anukṣaṇaṃ vardhamānas tad-abhilāṣo lobhaḥ sva-viṣaya-prāpsya-nivartya icchā-viśeṣa iti yāvat | pravṛttir nirantaraṃ prayata-mānasā | ārambhaḥ karmaṇāṃ bahu-vitta-vyayāyāsa-karāṇāṃ kāmya-niṣiddha-laukika-mahā-gṛhādi-viṣayāṇāṃ vyāpārāṇām udyamaḥ | aśama idaṃ kṛtvedaṃ kariṣyāmīti saṅkalpa-pravāhānuparamaḥ | spṛhoccāvaceṣu para-dhaneṣu dṛṣṭa-mātreṣu yena kenāpy upāyenopāditsā | rajasi rāgātmake vivṛddha etāni rāgātmakāni liṅgāni jāyante | he bharatarṣabha ! etair liṅgair vivṛddhaṃ rajo jānīyād ity arthaḥ ||12||

viśvanāthaḥ : pravṛttir nānā prayatna-paratā karmaṇām ārambho gṛhādi-nirmāṇodyamaḥ | aśamo viṣaya-bhogānuparatiḥ ||12||

baladevaḥ : lobhaḥ sva-dravyātyāga-paratā | pravṛttis tad-vṛddhi-yatnaa-paratā | karmaṇāṃ gṛha-nirmāṇādīnām ārambhaḥ | aśamo viṣaya-bhogād indriyāṇām anuparatiḥ | spṛhā viṣaya-lipsā | etair liṅgai rajo vivṛddhaṃ vidyāt ||12||

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BhG 14.13

aprakāśo 'pravṛttiś ca pramādo moha eva ca |
tamasy etāni jāyante vivṛddhe kuru-nandana ||13||

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca aprakāśa iti | aprakāśo viveka-bhraṃśaḥ | apravṛttir anudyamaḥ | pramādaḥ kartavyārthānusandhāna-rāhityam | moho mithyābhiniveśaḥ | tamasi vivṛddhe saty etāni liṅgāni jāyante | etais tamaso vivṛddhiṃ jānīyād ity arthaḥ ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ : aprakāśaḥ saty apy upadeśādau bodha-kāraṇe sarvathā bodhāyogyatvam | apravṛttiś ca saty apy agnihotraṃ juhuyād ity ādau pravṛtti-kāraṇaṃ janita-bodhe 'pi śāstre sarvathā tat-pravṛtty-ayogyatvam | pramādas tat-kāla-kartavyatvena prāptasya arthasyānusandhānābhāvaḥ | moha eva ca moho nidrā viparyayo vā | cau samuccaye | eva-kāro vyabhicāra-vāraṇārthaḥ | tamasy eva vivṛddha etāni liṅgāni jāyante he kuru-nandana ! ata etair liṅgair avayabhicāribhir vivṛddhaṃ tamo jānīyād ity arthaḥ ||13||

viśvanāthaḥ : aprakāśo vivekābhāvaḥ | śāstrāvihita-śabdādi-grahaṇam | apravṛttiḥ prayatna-mātra-rāhityam | pramādaḥ kaṇṭhādi-dhṛte 'pi vastuni nāstīti pratyayaḥ | moho mithyābhiniveśaḥ ||13||

baladevaḥ : aprakāśo jñānābhāvaḥ | śāstrāvihita-viṣaya-graha-rūpo 'pravṛttiḥ kriyā-vimukhatā | pramādaḥ karādisthe 'py arthe nāstīti pratyayo moho mithyābhiniveśaḥ | etair liṅgais tamo vivṛdhaṃ vidyāt ||13||

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BhG 14.14

yadā sattve pravṛddhe tu pralayaṃ yāti deha-bhṛt |
tadottama-vidāṃ lokān amalān pratipadyate ||14||

śrīdharaḥ : maraṇa-samaya eva vivṛddhānāṃ sattvādīnāṃ phala-viśeṣam āha yadeti dvābhyām | sattva pravṛddhe sati yadā jīvo mṛtyuṃ prāpnoti tadā uttamān hiraṇyagarbhādīn vidanti upāsata ity uttama-vidaḥ teṣāṃ ye amalāḥ prakāśamayā lokāḥ sukhopabhoga-sthāna-viśeṣās tān pratipadyate prāpnoti ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ maraṇa-samaye vivṛddhānāṃ sattvādīnāṃ phala-viśeṣam āha yadeti dvābhyām | sattve pravṛddhe sati yadā pralayaṃ mṛtyuṃ yāti prāpnoti deha-bhṛd dehābhimānī jīvaḥ, tadottamā ye hiraṇyagarbhādayas tad-vidāṃ tad-upāsakānāṃ lokān deva-sukhopabhoga-sthāna-viśeṣān amalān rajas-tamo-mala-rahitān pratipadyate prāpnoti ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ : pralayaṃ yāti mṛtyuṃ prāpnoti | tadā uttamaṃ vindanti labhanta ity uttama-vido hiraṇya-garbhādy-upāsakās teṣāṃ lokān amalān sukha-pradān ||14||

baladevaḥ : mṛti-kāle vivṛddhānāṃ guṇānāṃ phala-viśeṣān āha yad eti dvābhyām | sattve pravṛddhe sati yadā deha-bhṛj jīvaḥ pralayaṃ yāti mriyate, tadottama-vidāṃ hiraṇya-garbhādy-upāsakānāṃ lokān divya-bhogopetān pratipadyate labhate | amalān rajas-tamo-mala-hīnān ||14||

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BhG 14.15


rajasi pralayaṃ gatvā karmasaṅgiṣu jāyate |
tathā pralīnastam asi mūḍha-yoniṣu jāyata ||15||

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca rajasīti | rajasi pravṛddhe sati mṛtyuṃ prāpya karmāsakteṣu manuṣyeṣu jāyate | tathā tamasi pravṛddhe sati pralīno mṛto mūḍha-yoniṣu jāyate ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : rajasi pravṛddhe sati pralayaṃ mṛtyuṃ gatvā prāpya karma-saṅgiṣu śruti-smṛti-vihita-pratiṣiddha-karma-phalādhikāriṣu manuṣyeṣu jāyate | tathā tadvad eva tamasi pravṛddhe pralīno mṛto mūḍha-yoniṣu paśv-ādiṣu jāyate ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ : karma-saṅgiṣu karmāsakta-manuṣyeṣu ||15||

baladevaḥ : rajasi pravṛddhe pralayṃ maraṇaṃ gatvā janaḥ karma-saṅgiṣu kāmya-karmāsakteṣu nṛṣu madhye jāyate | tathā tamasi pravṛddhe pralīno mṛto jano mūḍha-yoniṣu paśv-ādiṣu ||15||



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BhG 14.16

karmaṇaḥ sukṛtasyāhuḥ sāttvikaṃ nirmalaṃ phalam |
rajasas tu phalaṃ duḥkham ajñānaṃ tamasaḥ phalam ||16||

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ sattvādīnāṃ svānurūpa karma-dvāreṇa vicitra-phala-hetutvam āha karmaṇa iti | sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ sāttvikaṃ sattva-pradhānaṃ nirmalaṃ prakāśa-bahulaṃ sukhaṃ phalam āhuḥ kapilādayaḥ | rajasa iti rājasasya karmaṇa ity arthaḥ | karma-phala-kathanasya prakṛtatvāt | tasya duḥkhaṃ phalam āhuḥ | tamasa iti tāmasasya karmaṇa ity arthaḥ | tasyājñānaṃ mūḍhatvaṃ phalam āhuḥ | sāttvikādi-karma-lakṣaṇaṃ ca niyataṃ saṅga-rahitam ity ādinā aṣṭādaśe 'dhyāye vakṣyati ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ svānurūpa-karma-dvārā sattvādīnāṃ vicitra-phalatāṃ saṃkṣipyāha karmaṇa iti | sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇo dharmasya sāttvikaṃ sattvena nirvṛttaṃ nirmalaṃ rajas-tamo-malāmiśritaṃ sukhaṃ phalam āhuḥ paramarṣayau | rajaso rājasasya tu karmaṇaḥ pāpa-miśrasya puṇyasya phalaṃ rājasaṃ duḥkhaṃ duḥkha-bahulam alpaṃ sukhaṃ kāraṇānurūpyāt kāryasya | ajñānam aviveka-prāyaṃ duḥkhaṃ tāmasaṃ tamasas tāmasasya karmaṇo 'dharmasya phalam | āhur ity anuṣajyate | sāttvikādi-karma-lakṣaṇaṃ ca niyataṃ saṅga-rahitam ity ādināṣṭādaśe vakṣyati | atra rajas-tamaḥ-śabdau tat-kārye prayuktau kārya-kāraṇayor abhedopacārāt gobhiḥ śrīṇīta matsaram ity atra yathā go-śabdas tat-prabhave payasi, yathā vā dhānyam asi dhinuhi devān ity atra dhānya-śabdas tat-prabhave taṇḍule | tatra payas taṇḍulayor ivātrāpi karmaṇaḥ prakṛtatvāt ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ : sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ sāttvikam eva nirmalaṃ nirupadravam | ajñānam acetanatā ||16||

baladevaḥ : atha guṇānāṃ svānurūpakarmadvārā vicitra-phala-hjetutvam āha karmaṇa iti | sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇo nirmalaṃ phalam āhur guṇa-svabhāva-vido munayo mala-duḥkha-moha-rūpa-rajas-tamaḥ-phala-lakṣaṇān nirgataṃ sukham ity arthaḥ | tac ca sāttvikaṃ sattvena nirvṛttam | rajaso rājasasya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ duḥkhaṃ kāryasya kāraṇānurūpyād duḥkha-pracuraṃ kiñcit sukham ity arthaḥ | tamas tāmasasya karmaṇo hiṃsādeḥ phalam ajñāna-caitanya-prāyaṃ duḥkham evety arthaḥ | tatra rajas-tamah-śabdābhyāṃ rājasa-tāmasa-karmaṇī lakṣye gobhiḥ prīṇita-matsaram ity atra yathā go-śabdena go-payo lakṣyate | sāttvikādi-karmaṇāṃ lakṣaṇāny aṣṭādaśe vakṣyante niyataṃ saṅga-rahitam ity ādibhiḥ ||16||

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BhG 14.17

sattvāt saṃjāyate jñānaṃ rajaso lobha eva ca |
pramāda-mohau tamaso bhavato 'jñānam eva ca ||17||

śrīdharaḥ : tatraiva hetum āha sattvād iti | sattvāj jñānaṃ sañjāyate | ataḥ sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ prakāśa-bahulaṃ sukhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | rajaso lobho jāyate | tasya ca duḥkha-hetutvāt tat-pūrvakasya karmaṇo duḥkhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | tamasas tu pramāda-mohājñānāni bhavanti | tatas tāmasasya karmaṇo 'jñāna-prāpakaṃ phalaṃ bhavatīti yuktam evety arthaḥ ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ : etādṛśa-phala-vaicitrye pūrvoktam eva hetum āha sattvād iti | sarva-karaṇa-dvārakaṃ prakāśa-rūpaṃ jñānaṃ sattvāt saṃjāyate | atas tad-anurūpaṃ sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ prakāśa-bahulaṃ sukhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | rajaso lobho viṣaya-koṭi-prāptyāpi nivartayitum aśakyo 'bhilāṣa-viśeṣo jāyate | tasya ca nirantaram upacīyamānasya pūrayitum aśakyasya sarvadā duḥkha-hetutvāt tat-pūrvakasya rājasasya karmaṇo duḥkhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | evaṃ pramāda-mohau tamasaḥ sakāśād bhavato jāyete | ajñānam eva ca bhavati | eva-kāraḥ prakāśa-pravṛtti-vyāvṛtty-arthaḥ | atas tāmasasya karmaṇas tāmasam ajñānādi-prāyam eva phalaṃ bhavatīti yuktam evety arthaḥ | atra cājñānam aprakāśaḥ | pramādo mohaś cāprakāśo 'pravṛttiś cety atra vyākhyātau ||17||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : īdṛk-phala-vaicitrye prāg uktam eva hetum āha sattvād iti | sattvāt prakāśa-lakṣaṇaṃ jñānaṃ jāyate | ataḥ sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ prakāśa-pracuraṃ sukhaṃ phalam | rajaso lobhas tṛṣṇā-viśeṣo yo viṣayakoṭibhir apy abhisevitair duṣpūras tasya ca duḥkha-hetutvāt tat-pūrvakasya karmaṇo duḥkha-pracuraṃ kiñcit sukhaṃ phalam | tamasas tu pramādādīni bhavanty atas tat-pūrvakasya karmaṇo 'caitanya-pracuraṃ duḥkham eva phalam ||17||

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BhG 14.18

ūrdhvaṃ gacchanti sattvasthā madhye tiṣṭhanti rājasāḥ |
jaghanya-guṇa-vṛttasthā adho gacchanti tāmasāḥ ||18||

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ sattvādi-vṛtti-śīlānāṃ phala-bhedam āha ūrdhvam iti | sattva-sthāḥ sattva-vṛtti-pradhānāḥ | ūrdhvaṃ gacchanti sattvotkarṣa-tāratamyād uttarottaraṇataguṇānandān manuṣya-gandharva-pitṛdevādi-lokān satya-loka-paryantān prāpnuvantīty arthaḥ | rājasās tu tṛṣṇādy-ākulā madhye tiṣṭhanti | manuṣya-loka eva utpadyante | jaghanyo nikṛṣṭas tamo-guṇaḥ | tasya vṛttiḥ pramāda-mohādiḥ | atra sthitā adhogacchanti | tamaso vṛtti-tāratamyāt tāmisrādiṣu nirayeṣu utpadyante ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ sattvādi-vṛtta-sthānāṃ prāg-uktam eva phalam ūrdhva-madhyādho-bhāvenāha ūrdhvam iti | atra tṛtīye guṇe vṛtta-śabda-yogād ādyayor api vṛttam eva vivakṣitam | tena sattvasthāḥ sattva-vṛtte śāstrīye jñāne karmaṇi ca niratā ūrdhvaṃ satya-loka-paryantaṃ deva-lokaṃ gacchanti te deveṣūtpadyante jñāna-karma-tāratamyena | tathā madhye manuṣya-loke puṇya-pāpa-miśre tiṣṭhanti na tūrdhvaṃ gacchanty adho vā manuṣyeṣūtpadyante rājasā rajo-guṇa-vṛtte lobhādi-pūrvake rājase karmaṇi niratāḥ | jaghanya-guṇa-vṛttasthā jaghanyasya guṇa-dvayāpekṣayā paścād-bhāvino nikṛṣṭasya tamaso guṇasya vṛtte nidrālasyādau sthitā adho gacchanti paścādiṣūtpadyante | kadācij jaghanya-guṇa-vṛtta-sthāḥ sāttvikā rājasāś ca bhavanty ata āha tāmasāḥ sarvadā tamaḥ-pradhānāḥ | itareṣāṃ kadācit tad-vṛtta-sthatve 'pi na tat-pradhānateti bhāvaḥ ||18||

viśvanāthaḥ : sattva-sthāḥ sattv-tāratamyenordhvaṃ satya-loka-paryantam | madhye manusya-loka eva | jaghanyaś cāsau guṇaś ceti tasya vṛttiḥ pramādālasyādis tatra sthitā adho gacchanti narakaṃ yānti ||18||

baladevaḥ : atha sattvādi-vṛtti-niṣṭhānāṃ tāny eva phalāny ūrdhva-madhyādho-bhāvenāha ūrdhvam iti | tamasi vṛtti-śabdād itarayoś ca vṛttir vivakṣitā | sattvasthāḥ sattva-vṛtti-niṣṭhāḥ sattva-tāratamyenordhvaṃ satyaloka-paryantaṃ gacchanti | rājasā rajo-vṛtti-niṣṭhā madhye puṇya-pāpa-miśrite manuṣya-loke tiṣṭhanti | manuṣyā eva bhavanti rajas-tāratamyena | jaghanyaḥ sattva-rajo 'pekṣayā nikṛṣṭo yo guṇas tamaḥ-saṃjñas tad-vṛttau pramādādau sthitās tv adho gacchanti tamas-tāratamyena paśu-pakṣi-sthāvarādi-yoniṃ labhante | tāmasā ity uktis teṣāṃ sarvadā tamasi sthitiṃ vyanakti ||18||

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BhG 14.19

nānyaṃ guṇebhyaḥ kartāraṃ yadā drṣṭānupaśyati |
guṇebhyaś ca paraṃ vetti mad-bhāvaṃ so 'dhigacchati ||19||

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ prakṛti-guṇa-saṅga-kṛtaṃ saṃsāra-prapañcam uktvā idānīṃ tad-vivekato mokṣaṃ darśayati nānyam iti | yadā tu draṣṭā vivekī bhūtvā buddhyādyākāra-pariṇatebhyo guṇebhyo 'nyaṃ kartāraṃ nānupaśyati | api tu guṇa eva karmāṇi kurvantīti paśyati | guṇebhyaś ca paraṃ vyatiriktaṃ tat-sākṣiṇam ātmānaṃ vetti | sa tu mad-bhāvaṃ brahmatvam adhigacchati prāpnoti ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ : asminn adhyāye vaktavyatvena prastutam artha-trayam | tatra kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogasyeśvarādhīnatvaṃ ke vā guṇāḥ kathaṃ vā te badhnantīty artha-dvayam uktam | adhunā tu guṇebhyaḥ kathaṃ mokṣaṇaṃ muktasya ca kiṃ lakṣaṇam iti vaktavyam avaśiṣyate | tatra mithyā-jñānātmakatvād guṇānāṃ samyag-jñānāt tebhyo mokṣaṇam ity āha nānyam iti | guṇebhyaḥ kārya-kāraṇa-viṣayākāra-pariṇatebhyo 'nyaṃ kartāraṃ yadā draṣṭā vicāra-kuśalaḥ sann anupaśyati vicāram anu na paśyati guṇā evāntaḥ-karaṇa-bahiṣkaraṇa-śarīra-viṣaya-bhāvāpannāḥ sarva-karmaṇāṃ kartāra iti paśyati | guṇebhyaś ca tat-tad-avasthā-viśeṣeṇa pariṇatebhyaḥ paraṃ guṇa-tat-kāryāsaṃspṛṣṭaṃ tad-bhāsakam ādityam iva jala-tat-kampādy-asaṃspṛṣṭaṃ nirvikāraṃ sarva-sākṣiṇaṃ sarvatra samaṃ kṣetrajñam ekaṃ vetti | mad-bhāvaṃ mad-rūpatāṃ sa draṣṭādhigacchati ||19||

vīśvāṇaṭḥaḥ : guṇa-kṛtaṃ saṃsāraṃ darśayitvā guṇātītaṃ mokṣaṃ darśayati nānyam iti dvābhyām | guṇebhyaḥ kartṛ-karaṇ-viṣayākāreṇa pariṇatebhyo 'nyaṃ kartāraṃ draṣṭā jīvo yadā nānupaśyati, kintu guṇā eva sadaiva kartāra ity evam anupaśyati anubhavatīty arthaḥ | guṇebhyaḥ paraṃ vyatirikam evātmānaṃ vetti tadā sa draṣṭā mad-bhāvaṃ mayi sāyujyam adhigacchati prāpnoti | tatra tādṛśa-jñānānantaram api mayi parāṃ bhaktiṃ kṛtvaiva ity upānta-ślokārtha-dṛṣṭyā jñeyam ||19||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ guṇa-vivekāt saṃsāram uktvā tad-vivekān mokṣam āha nānyam iti dvābhyām | draṣṭā tattva-yāthātmya-darśī jīvo yadā dehendriyātmanā pariṇatebhyo guṇebhyo 'nyaṃ kartāraṃ nānupaśyati guṇān kartĪn paśyaty ātmānaṃ guṇebhyaḥ parama-kartāraṃ vetti | tadā sa mad-bhāvam adhigacchati | ayam āśayaḥ -- na khalu vijñānānando viśuddho jīvo yuddha-yajñādi-duḥkhamaya-karmaṇāṃ kartā, kintu guṇamaya-dehendriyavān eva saṃstatheti guṇa-hetukatvād guṇa-niṣṭhaṃ tat-karma-kartṛtvaṃ na tu viśuddhātma-niṣṭham iti yadānupaśyati, tadā mad-bhāvam asaṃsāritvaṃ mat-para-bhaktiṃ vā | labhata iti purāpy etad abhāṣi | iha guṇa-hetukaṃ kartṛtvaṃ śuddhasya niṣiddhaṃ, na tu śuddha-niṣṭham iti | tasya draṣṭā ity ādinoktam ||19||

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BhG 14.20

guṇān etān atītya trīn dehī deha-samudbhavān |
janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair vimukto 'mṛtam aśnute ||20||

śrīdharaḥ : tataś ca guṇa-kṛta-sarvānartha-nivṛttyā kṛtārtho bhavatīty āha guṇān iti | dehādyākāraḥ samudbhavaḥ pariṇāmo yeṣāṃ te deha-samudbhavāḥ | tān etāṃ trīn api guṇān atītyātikramya tat-kṛtair janmādibhir vimuktaḥ sann amṛtam aśnute paramānandaṃ prāpnoti ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ : katham adhigacchatīty ucyate - guṇān iti | guṇān etān māyātmakās trīn sattva-rajas-tamo-nāmno deha-samudbhavān dehotpatti-bīja-bhūtān atītya jīvann eva tattva-jñānena bādhitvā janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair janmanā mṛtyunā jarayā duḥkhaiś cādhyātmikādibhir māyā-mayair vimukto jīvann eva tat-sambandha-śūnyaḥ san vidvān amṛtaṃ mokṣam aśnute prāpnoti ||20||

viśvanāthaḥ : tataś ca so 'pi guṇātīta evocyata ity āha guṇān iti ||20||

baladevaḥ : mad-bhāva-padenoktam arthaṃ sphuṭayati guṇān iti | dehī deha-madhya-stho 'pi jīvo guṇa-puruṣa-viveka-balenaitān deha-samudbhavān dehotpādaāṃs trīn guṇān atītyollaṅghya janmādibhir vimukto 'mṛtam ātmānam aśnute 'nubhavati | so 'yam asaṃsāritva-lakṣaṇo mad-bhāvo mat-para-bhakti-pātratā-lakṣaṇo vā | evaṃ vakṣyati brahma-bhūtaḥ prasannātmā ity ādi ||20||

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BhG 14.21

kair liṅgais trīn guṇān etān atīto bhavati prabho |
kim-ācāraḥ kathaṃ caitāṃs trīn guṇān ativartate ||21||

śrīdharaḥ : guṇān etān atītyāmṛtam aśnuta ity etat śrutvā guṇātītasya lakṣaṇam ācāraṃ guṇātyayopāyaṃ ca samyag bubhutsur arjuna uvāca kair iti | he prabho kair liṅgaiḥ kīdṛśair ātma-vyutpannaiś cihnair guṇātīto dehī bhavatīti lakṣaṇa-praśnaḥ | ka ācāro 'syeti kim-ācāraḥ | kathaṃ vartata ity arthaḥ | kathaṃ ca kenopāyena etāṃs trīn api guṇān atītya vartate | tat kathayety arthaḥ ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ : guṇān etān atītya jīvann evāmṛtam aśnuta ity etac chrutvā guṇātītasya lakṣaṇam cācāraṃ ca guṇātyayopāyaṃ ca samyag bubhutsur arjuna uvāca kair iti | etān guṇān atīto yaḥ sa kair liṅgair viśiṣṭo bhavati | yair liṅgaiḥ sa jñātuṃ śakyas tāni me brūhīty ekaḥ praśnaḥ | prabhutvād bhṛtya-duḥkhaṃ bhagavataiva nivāraṇīyam iti sūcayan sambodhayati prabho iti | ka ācāro 'syeti kim-ācāraḥ | kiṃ yatheṣṭa-ceṣṭaḥ kiṃ vā niyantrita iti dvitīyaḥ praśnaḥ | kathaṃ vā kena ca prakāreṇaitāṃs trīn guṇān ativartate 'tikrāmatīti guṇātītatvopāyaḥ ka iti tṛtīyaḥ praśnaḥ ||21||

viśvanāthaḥ : sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā ity ādinā dvitīyādhyāye pṛṣṭam apy arthaṃ punas tato 'pi viśeṣa-bubhūtsayā pṛcchati kair liṅgaiḥ ity ekaḥ praśnaḥ | kaiś cihnais triguṇātītaḥ sa jñeya ity arthaḥ | kim ācāra iti dvitīyaḥ | kathaṃ caitān iti tṛtīyaḥ | guṇātītatva-prāpteḥ kiṃ sādhanam ity arthaḥ | sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā ity ādau sthita-prajño guṇātītaḥ kathaṃ syād iti tadānīṃ na pṛṣṭam idānīṃ tu pṛṣṭam iti viśeṣaḥ ||21||

baladevaḥ : guṇātītasya lakṣaṇam ācāraṃ ca guṇātyaya-sādhanaṃ cārjunaḥ pṛcchati kair ity ardhakena | prathamaḥ praśnaḥ kaiś cihnair guṇātīto jñātuṃ śakya ity arthaḥ | kim ācāra iti dvitīyaḥ sa kiṃ yatheṣṭācāro niyatācāro vety arthaḥ | kathaṃ caitān iti tṛtīyaḥ kena sādhanena guṇān atyetīty arthaḥ ||21||

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BhG 14.22

prakāśaṃ ca pravṛttiṃ ca moham eva ca pāṇḍava |
na dveṣṭi saṃpravṛttāni na nivṛttāni kāṅkṣati ||22||

śrīdharaḥ : sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā [Gītā 2.54] ity ādinā dvitīye 'dhyāye pṛṣṭam api dattottaram api punar viśeṣa-bubhūtsayā pṛcchatīti jñātvā prakārāntareṇa tasya lakṣaṇādikaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca prakāśaṃ cety ādi ṣaḍbhiḥ | tatraikena lakṣaṇam āha prakāśam iti | prakāśaṃ ca sarva-dvāreṣu dehe 'sminn iti pūrvoktaṃ sattva-kāryam | pravṛttiṃ ca rajaḥ-kāryam | mohaṃ ca tamaḥ-kāryam | upalakṣaṇam etat sattvādīnām | sarvāṇy api yathāyathaṃ sampravṛttāni svataḥ-prāptāni santi duḥkha-buddhyā yo na dveṣṭi | nivṛttāni ca santi sukha-buddhyā yo na kāṅkṣati, guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate iti caturthenānvayaḥ ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ : sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā [Gītā 2.54] ity ādinā pṛṣṭam api prajahāti yadā kāmān [Gītā 2.55] ity ādinā dattottaram api punaḥ prakārāntareṇa bubhūtsamānaḥ pṛcchatīty avadhāya prakārāntareṇa tasya lakṣaṇādikaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca prakāśaṃ cety ādi pañcabhiḥ ślokaiḥ | yas tāvat kair liṅgair yukto guṇātīto bhavatīti praśnas tasyottaraṃ śṛṇu | prakāśaṃ ca sarva-kāryaṃ | pravṛttiṃ ca rajaḥ-kāryam | mohaṃ ca tamaḥ-kāryam | upalakṣaṇam etat | sarvāṇy api guṇa-kāryāṇi yathāyathaṃ sampravṛttāni sva-sāmagrī-vaśād udbhūtāni santi duḥkha-rūpāṇy api duḥkha-buddhyā yo na dveṣṭi | tathā vināśa-sāmagrī-vaśān nivṛttāni tāni sukha-rūpāṇy api santi sukha-buddhyā yo na kāṅkṣati na kāmayate svapnavan mithyātva-niścayāt | etādṛśa-dveṣa-rāga-śūnyo yaḥ sa guṇātīta ucyata iti caturtha-śloka-gatenānvayaḥ | idaṃ ca svātma-pratyakṣaṃ lakṣaṇaṃ svārtham eva na parārtham | na hi svāśritau dveṣa-tad-abhāvau rāga-tad-abhāvau ca paraḥ pratyetum arhati ||22||

viśvanāthaḥ : tatra kair liṅgair guṇātīto bhavatīti prathama-praśnasyottaram āha prakāśaṃ ca sarva-dvāreṣu dehe 'smin prakāśa upajāyate iti sattva-kāryam | pravṛttiṃ ca rajaḥ-kāryam | mohaṃ ca tamaḥ-kāryam | upalakṣaṇam etat sattvādīnām | sarvāṇy api yathāyathaṃ sampravṛttāni svataḥ-prāptāni duḥkha-buddhyā yo na dveṣṭi | guṇa-kāryāṇy etāni nivṛttāni ca sukha-buddhyā yo na kāṅkṣati, sa guṇātīta ucyate iti caturthenānvayaḥ | sampravṛttānīti klīb-antam ārṣam ||22||

baladevaḥ : yadyapi sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā ity ādinā pṛṣṭam idaṃ prajahāti yadā kāmān ity ādinottaritaṃ ca, tathāpi viśeṣa-jijñāsayā pṛcchatīti vidhāntareṇa tasya lakṣāṇādīny āha bhagavān prakāśaṃ cety ādi pañcabhiḥ | tatraikena lakṣaṇaṃ sva-saṃvedyam āha prakāśaṃ sattva-kāryaṃ pravṛttiṃ rajaḥ-kāryaṃ mohaṃ tamaḥ-kāryaṃ etāni trīṇi sampravṛttāny utpādaka-sāmagrī-vaśāt prāptāni duḥkha-rūpāṇy api duḥkha-buddhyā yo na dveṣṭi, vināśaka-sāmagrī-vaśān nivṛttāni vinaṣṭāni tāni sukha-rūpāny api sukha-buddhyā yo nākāṅkṣati, etādṛśa-dveṣa-rāga-śūnyo guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate iti caturthenānvayaḥ | svagatau dveṣa-tad-abhāvau rāga-tad-abhāvau ca paro na veditum arhatīti sva-saṃvedyam idaṃ lakṣaṇam ||22||

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BhG 14.23

udāsīnavad āsīno guṇair yo na vicālyate |
guṇā vartanta ity eva yo 'vatiṣṭhati neṅgate ||23||

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ sva-saṃvedyaṃ guṇātītasya lakṣaṇam uktvā para-saṃvedyaṃ tasya lakṣaṇaṃ vaktuṃ dvitīya-praśnasya kim ācāra ity asyottaram āha udāsīnavad iti tribhiḥ | udāsīnavat sākṣitayāsīnaḥ sthitaḥ san guṇair guṇa-kāryaiḥ sukha-duḥkhādibhir na yo vicālyate svarūpān na pracyavate api tu guṇā eva svakāryeṣu vartante | etair mama sambandha eva nāstīti viveka-jñānena yas tuṣṇīm avatiṣṭhati | parasmaipadam ārṣam | neṅgate na calati ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ lakṣ HERE

viśvanāthaḥ : kim ācāraḥ iti dvitīya-praśnasyottaram āha udāsīnavad iti tribhiḥ | guṇa-kāryaiḥ sukha-duḥkhādibhir yo na vicālyate svarūpāvasthān na cyavate, api tu guṇa eva sva-sva-kāryeṣu vartanta ity eveti ebhir mama sambandha eva nāstīti viveka-jñānena yas tūṣṇīm avatiṣṭhati parasmaipadam ārṣam | neṅgate na kvāpi daihika-kṛtye yatate | guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate iti guṇātītasya etāni cihnāni etān ācārāṃś ca dṛṣṭvaiva guṇātīto vaktavyo na tu guṇātītatvopapatti-vāvadūko guṇātīto vaktavya iti bhāvaḥ ||23-25||

baladevaḥ : atha para-saṃvedya-lakṣaṇaṃ vaktuṃ kim ācāraḥ iti dvitīya-praśnasyottaram āha udāsīneti tribhiḥ | udāsīno madhyastho yathā vivādinoḥ pakṣagrahaiḥ sva-mādhyasthyān na vicālyate, tayā sukha-duḥkhādi-bhāvena parṇatair guṇair yo nātmāvasthitair vicālyate, kintu guṇāḥ sva-kāryeṣu prakāśādiṣu vartante | mama tair na sambandha iti niścitya tūṣṇīm avatiṣṭhate | neṅgate guṇa-kāryānurūpeṇa na ceṣṭate | guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate iti tṛtīyenānvayaḥ ||23||

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BhG 14.24

sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ svasthaḥ sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanaḥ |
tulya-priyāpriyo dhīras tulya-nindātma-saṃstutiḥ ||24||

śrīdharaḥ : api ca sameti | same sukha-duḥkhe yasya | yataḥ svasthaḥ svarūpa eva sthitaḥ | ataeva samāni loṣṭāśma-kājcanāni yasya | tulye piryāpriye sukha-duḥkha-hetu-bhūte yasya | dhīro dhīmān | tulyo nindā cātmanaḥ saṃstutiś ca yasya ||24||

madhusūdanaḥ : same duḥkha-sukhe dveṣa-rāga-śūnyatayānātma-dharmatayānṛtatayā ca yasya sa sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ | kasmād evaṃ yasmāt svasthaḥ svasminn ātmany eva sthito dvaita-darśana-śūnyatvāt | ata eva samāni heyopādeya-bhāva-rahitāni loṣṭāśma-kāñcanāni yasya sa tathā | loṣṭaḥ pāṃsu-piṇḍaḥ | ata eva tulye priyāpriye sukha-duḥkha-sādhane yasya hita-sādhanatva-buddhi-viṣayatvābhāvenopekṣaṇīyatvāt | dhīro dhīmān dhṛtimān vā | ata eva tulye | nindātma-saṃstutī doṣa-kīrtana-guṇa-kīrtane yasya sa guṇātīta ucyata iti dvitīya-gatenānvayaḥ ||24||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : kiṃ ca sameti | yato 'yaṃ svasthaḥ svarūpa-niṣṭho 'taeva sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥṅ same anātma-dharmatvāt tulye sukha-duḥkhe yasya saḥ | samāny anupādeyatayā tulyāni losṭrādīni yasya saḥ | loṣṭra-mṛt-piṇḍa-tulye priyāpriye sukha-duḥkha-sādhane vastunī yasya saḥ | dhīraḥ prakṛti-puruṣa-viveka-kuśalaḥ | tulye nindātma-saṃstutī yasya saḥ | tat-prayojakayor doṣa-guṇayor ātma-gatatvābhāvād ity arthaḥ | ya īdṛśo guṇatītaḥ sa ucyata iti dvitīyenānvayaḥ ||24||

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BhG 14.25

mānāpamānayos tulyas tulyo mitrāri-pakṣayoḥ |
sarvārambha-parityāgī guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate ||25||

śrīdharaḥ : api ca māneti | māne 'pamāne ca tulyaḥ | mitra-pakṣe 'ripakṣe ca tulyaḥ | sarvān dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthān ārambhān udyamān parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ | evambhūtācāra-yukto guṇātīta ucyate ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ : mānaḥ sat-kāra ādarāpara-paryāyaḥ | apamānas tiraskāro 'nādarāpara-paryāyaḥ | tayos tulyo harṣa-viṣāda-śūnyaḥ | nindā-stutī śabda-rūpe mānāpamānau tu śabdam antareṇāpi kāya-mano-vyāpāra-viśeṣāv iti bhedaḥ | atra pa-kāra-va-kārayoḥ pāṭha-vikalpe 'py arthaḥ sa eva | tulyo mitrāri-pakṣayoḥ | mitra-pakṣasyevāri-pakṣasyāpi dveṣāviṣayaḥ svayaṃ tayor anugraha-nigraha-śūnya iti vā | sarvārambha-parityāgī | ārabhyanta ity ārambhāḥ karmāṇi tān sarvān parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya sa tathā | deha-yātrā-mātra-vyatirekeṇa sarva-karma-parityāgīty arthaḥ | udāsīnavad āsīna ity ādy-ukta-prakārācāro guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate | yad uktam upekṣakatvādi tad-vidyodayāt pūrvaṃ yatna-sādhyaṃ vidyādhikāriṇā sādhanatvenānuṣṭheyam utpannāyāṃ tu vidyāyāṃ jīvan-muktasya guṇātītasyoktaṃ dharma-jātam ayatna-siddhaṃ lakṣaṇatvena tiṣṭhaty arthaḥ ||25||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : māneti sphuṭārthaḥ | nindāstutī vāg-vyāpāreṇa sādhye | mānāpamānau tu kāyamanovyāpāreṇāpi syātām iti bhedaḥ | sarveti deha-yātrā-mātrād anyat sarva-karma grāhyam | ya īdṛśo guṇātītaḥ undāsīnavat ity ādy uktā yasyācārḥ parair api saṃvedyāḥ sa guṇātīto bodhyo na tu tad-upapatti-vāvadūka iti bhāvaḥ ||25||

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BhG 14.26

māṃ ca yo 'vyabhicāreṇa bhakti-yogena sevate |
sa guṇān samatītyaitān brahma-bhūyāya kalpate ||26||

śrīdharaḥ : kathaṃ caitān trīn guṇān ativartate iti | asya praśnasyottaram āha māṃ ceti | ca-śabdo 'vadhāraṇārthaḥ | mām eva parameśvaram avyabhicāreṇa ekāntena bhakti-yogena yaḥ sevate sa etān guṇān samatītya samyag atikramya brahma-bhūyāya brahma-bhāvāya mokṣāya kalpate samartho bhavati ||26||

madhusūdanaḥ : adhunā katham etān guṇān ativartata iti tṛtīya-praśnasya prativacanam āha māṃ ceti | cas tv-arthaḥ | mām eveśvaraṃ nārāyaṇaṃ sarva-bhūtāntaryāmiṇaṃ māyayā kṣetrajñatām āgataṃ paramānanda-ghanaṃ bhagavantaṃ vāsudevam avyabhicāreṇa parama-prema-lakṣaṇena bhakti-yogena dvādaśādhyāyoktena yaḥ sevate sadā cintayati sa mad-bhakta etān prāg-uktān guṇān samatītya samyag-atikramyādvaita-darśanena bādhitvā brahma-bhūyāya brahma-bhavanāya mokṣāya kalpate samartho bhavati | sarvadā bhagavac-cintanam eva guṇātītatvopāya ity arthaḥ ||26||

viśvanāthaḥ : kathaṃ caitān trīn guṇān ativartate iti tṛtīyapraśnasyottaram āha māṃ ceti | ca evārthe | mām eva śyāmasundarākāraṃ parameśvaraṃ bhakti-yogena yaḥ sevate sa eva brahma-bhūyāya brahmatvāya brahmānubhavāya yāvat bhaktyāham ekayā grāhyaḥ iti mad-vākye ekayeti viśeṣaṇopanyāsāt mām eva ye prapadyante māyām etāṃ taranti te ity atrāpi eva-kāra-prayogāt bhaktyā vinā prakārāntareṇa brahmānubhavo na bhavatīti niścayāt | bhakti-yogena kīdṛśena | avyabhicāreṇa karma-jñānādy-amiśreṇa niṣkāma-karmaṇo nyāsa-śravaṇāt | jñānaṃ ca mayi sannyaset iti jñānināṃ carama-daśāyāṃ jñānasyāpi nyāsa-śravaṇāt | bhakti-yogasya tu kvāpi nyāsāśravaṇāt bhakti-yoga eva so 'vyabhicāraḥ | tena karma-yogam iva jñāna-yogam api parityājya yady avyabhicāreṇa kevalenaiva bhaktiyogena sevate, tarhi jñānī api guṇātīto bhavati, nānyathā | ananya-bhaktas tu nirguṇo mad-apāśrayaḥ ity ekādaśokter guṇātīto bhavaty eva | atra idaṃ tattvaṃ VEṛṣE ity atrāsaṅginaḥ karmiṇo jñānino vā sāttvikatvenaiva sādhakatvāvagates tat-sāhacaryāt nirguṇo mad-apāśrayaḥ iti bhaktaḥ sādhaka evāvagamyate | tataś ca jñānī jñāna-siddhaḥ sann eva sāttvikatvaṃ parityajya guṇātīto bhavati | bhaktas tu sādhaka-daśām ārabhyaiva guṇātīto bhavatīty artho labhyate | atra ca-kāro 'vadhāraṇārthaḥ iti svāmi-caraṇāḥ | mām eveśvaraṃ nārāyaṇam avyabhicāreṇa bhakti-yogena dvādaśādyāyoktena yaḥ sevata iti madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāś ca vyācakṣate ||26||

baladevaḥ : kathaṃ caitāṃs trīn guṇān ativartata iti tṛtīya-praśnasyottaram āha māṃ ceti | co 'vadhāraṇe | nānyaṃ guṇebhyaḥ karāram ity ādy-uktyā yo guṇa-puruṣa-viveka-khyātim avāpa tayaiva tasyā guṇātyayo na saṃsidhyati, kintu tadvān api yo māṃ kṛṣṇam eva māyā-guṇāspṛṣṭaṃ māyā-niyantāraṃ nāyāyaṇādi-rūpeṇa bahudhāvirbhūtaṃ cid-ānanda-ghanaṃ sārvajñy-ādi-guṇa-ratnālayam avyabhicāreṇaikāntikena bhakti-yogena sevate śrayati sa etān duratyayān api guṇān atītyākramya brahma-bhūyāya kalpate guṇāṣṭa-viśiṣṭatvāya[*ENDNOTE] nija-dharmāya yogyo bhavati | taṃ dharmaṃ labhata ity arthaḥ | jīve brahma-śabdas tūkta eva prk, tathā ca bhakti-śiraskayaiva tad-viveka-khyātyā jīvasya svarūpa-lābho, na tu kevalayā tayety uktam | yat tu brahma-bhūyāya ity anena mad-rūpatāṃ sa yātīti pārtha-sārathinopadiṣṭam iti vyācaṣṭe | tan-niravadhānam eva tenaivedaṃ jñānam ity ādinā mokṣe 'pi | svarūpa-bhedasyābhihitatvāt nirañjanaḥ paramaṃ sāmyam upaiti ity ādi śrutiṣv api tatra tasya dṛṣṭatvād aṇutva-vibhutvādi-nitya-dharma-kṛtatvena nityatvāc ca tad-bhedasya tasmād guṇāṣṭaka-viśiṣṭatvam eva brahaiva san brahmāpy eti iti śrutyau tu brahma-sadṛśaḥ san bramāpy eti prāpnotīty arthaḥ | evaupamye 'vadhāraṇe iti viśva-prakāśāt | vavā yathā tathaivevaṃ sāmye ity amara-koṣāc ca | anyathā brahma-bhāvottaro brahmāpyayo na saṅgaccheta | ||26||

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BhG 14.27

brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham amṛtasyāvyayasya ca |
śāśvatasya ca dharmasya sukhasyaikāntikasya ca ||27||

śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetum āha brahmaṇo hīti | hi yasmād brahmaṇo 'haṃ pratiṣṭhā pratimā | ghanībhūtaṃ brahmaivāham | yathā ghanībhūtaḥ prakāśa eva sūrya-maṇḍalaṃ tadvad ity arthaḥ | tathāvyayasya nityasya | amṛtasya mokṣasya ca nitya-muktatvāt | tathā tat-sādhanasya śāśvatasya dharmasya ca śiddja-sattvātmakatvāt | tathaikāntikasya akhaṇḍitasya sukhasya ca pratiṣṭhāham | paramānandaik-rūpatvāt | ato mat-sevino mad-bhāvasyāvaśyambhāvitvād yuktam evoktaṃ brahma-bhūyāya kalpata iti ||

kṛṣṇādhīna-guṇāsaṅga-prasañjita-bhavāmbudhim |
sukhaṃ tarati mad-bhakta ity abhāṣi caturdaśe ||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ
guṇa-traya-vibhāga-yogo nāma
caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
||14||

madhusūdanaḥ : atra hetum āha brahmaṇa iti | brahmaṇas tat-pada-vācyasya sopādhikasya jagad-utpatti-sthiti-laya-hetoḥ pratiṣṭhā pāramārthikaṃ nirvikalpalpakaṃ sac-cid-ānandātmakaṃ nirupādhikaṃ tat-pada-lakṣyam ahaṃ nivikalpako vāsudevaḥ pratitiṣṭhaty atreti pratiṣṭhā kalpita-rūpa-rahitam akalpitaṃ rūpam | ato yo mām upādhikaṃ brahma sevate sa brahma-bhūyāya kalpata iti yuktam eva |

kīdṛśasya brahmaṇaḥ pratiṣṭhāham ity ākāṅkṣāyāṃ viśeṣaṇāni amṛtasya vināśa-rahitasya, avyayasya vipariṇāma-rahitasya ca, śāśvatasyāpakṣaya-rahitasya ca, dharmasya jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇa-dharma-prāpyasya, sukhasya paramānanda-rūpasya | sukhasya viṣayendriya-saṃyogajatvaṃ vārayati aikāntikasyāvyabhicāriṇaḥ sarvasmin deśe kāle ca vidyamānasyaikāntika-sukha-rūpasyety arthaḥ | etādṛśasya brahmaṇo yasmād ahaṃ vāstavaṃ svarūpaṃ tasmān mad-bhaktaḥ saṃsārān mucyata iti bhāvaḥ | tathā coktaṃ brahmaṇā bhagavantaṃ śrī-kṛṣṇaṃ prati -

ekas tvam ātmā puruṣaḥ purāṇaḥ
satyaḥ svayaṃ jyotir ananta ādyaḥ |
nityo 'kṣaro 'jasra-sukho nirañjanaḥ
pūrṇo 'dvayo mukta upādhito 'mṛtaḥ || [10.14.23] iti |

atra sarvopādhi-śūnya ātmā brahma tvam ity arthaḥ | śukenāpi stutim antareṇaivoktam -

sarveṣām api vastūnāṃ bhāvārtho bhavati sthitaḥ |
tasyāpi bhagavān kṛṣṇaḥ kim atad vastu rūpyatām || [BhP 10.14.57] iti |

sarveṣām eva kārya-vastūnāṃ bhāvārthaḥ sattā-rūpaḥ paramārtho bhavati kāryākāreṇa jāyamāne sopādhike brahmaṇi sthitaḥ kāraṇa-sattātiriktāyāḥ kārya-sattāyā anabhyupagamāt | tasyāpi bhavataḥ kāraṇasya sopādhikasya brahmaṇo bhāvārthaḥ sattā-rūpo 'rtho bhagavān kṛṣṇaḥ sopādhikasya nirupādhike kalpitatvāt kalpitasya cādhiṣṭhānān atirekāt, bhagavataḥ kṛṣṇasya ca sarva-kalpanādhiṣṭhānatvena paramārtha-satya-nirupādhi-brahma-rūpatvāt | ataḥ kim atad-vastu tasmāc chrī-kṛṣṇād anyad vastu paramārthikaṃ kiṃ nirūpyatāṃ tad evaikaṃ paramārthikaṃ nānyat kim apīty arthaḥ | tad etad ihāpy uktaṃ brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham iti |

athavā tvad-bhaktas tvad-bhāvam āpnotu nāma kathaṃ nu brahma-bhāvāya kalpyate brahmaṇaḥ sakāśāt tavānyatvād ity āśaṅkyāha brahmaṇo hīti | brahmaṇaḥ paramātmanaḥ pratiṣṭhā paryāptir aham eva na tu mad-bhinnaṃ brahmety arthaḥ | tathāmṛtasya amṛtatvasya mokṣasya cāvyayasya sarvathānucchedyasya ca ca pratiṣṭhāham eva | mayy eva mokṣaḥ paryavastio mat-prāptir eva mokṣa ity arthaḥ | tathā śāśvatasya nitya-mokṣa-phalasya dharmasya jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇasya ca paryāptir aham eva | jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇo dharmo mayy eva paryavasito na tena mad-bhinnaṃ kiṃcit prāpyam ity arthaḥ | tathaikāntikasya sukhasya ca paryāptir aham eva parmānanda-rūpatvān na mad-bhinnaṃ kiṃcit sukhaṃ prāpyam astīty arthaḥ | tasmād yuktam evoktaṃ mad-bhakto brahma-bhūyāya kalpata iti ||27||

parākṛtana-mad-bandhaṃ paraṃ brahma narākṛti |
saundarya-sāra-sarvasvaṃ vande nandātmajaṃ mahaḥ ||

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām guṇa-traya-vibhāga-yogo nāma caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
||14||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu mad-bhaktānāṃ kathaṃ nirguṇa-brahmatva-prāptiḥ ? sā tu advitīya-tad-ekānubhavenaiva sambhavet | tatrāha brahmaṇo hīti | hi yasmāt parama-pratiṣṭhātvena prasiddhaṃ yad brahma tasyāpy ahaṃ pratiṣṭhā pratiṣṭhīyate 'sminn iti pratiṣṭhā āśrayo 'nna-mayādiṣu śrutiṣu sarvatraiva pratiṣṭhā-padasya tathārthatvāt | tathāmṛtasya pratiṣṭhā kiṃ svargīya-sudhāyāḥ ? na | avyayasya nāśa-rahitasya mokṣasyety arthaḥ | tathā śāśvatasya dharmasya sādhana-phala-daśayor api nitya-sthitasya bhakty-ākhyasya parama-dharmasyāhaṃ pratiṣṭhā, tathā tat-prāpyasyaikāntika-bhakta-sambandhinaḥ sukhasya premṇaś cāhaṃ pratiṣṭhā | ataḥ sarvasyāpi mad-adhīnatvāt kaivalya-kāmanayā kṛtena mad-bhajanena brahmaṇi līyamāno brahmatvam api prāpnoti |

atra brahmaṇo 'haṃ pratiṣṭhā ghanībhūtaṃ brahmaivāhaṃ yathā ghanībhūta-prakāśa eva sūrya-maṇḍalaṃ tadvad ity arthaḥ iti svāmi-caraṇāḥ | sūryasya tejo-rūpatve 'pi yathā tejasa āśrayatvam apy ucyate | evaṃ me kṛṣṇasya brahma-rūpatve 'pi brahmaṇaḥ pratiṣṭhātvam api | atra śrī-viṣṇu-purāṇam api pramāṇam -- śubhāśrayaḥ sa cittasya sarvagasya tathātmanaḥ [ViP 6.7.76] iti vyākhyātaṃ ca tatrāpi svāmi-caraṇaiḥ | sarvagasyātmanaḥ para-brahmaṇo 'pi āśrayaḥ pratiṣṭhā | tad uktaṃ bhagavatā brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham iti | tathā viṣṇu-dharme 'pi naraka-dvādaśī-prasaṅge -

prakṛtau puruṣe caiva brahmaṇy api sa prabhuḥ |
yathaika eva puruṣo vāsudevo vyavasthitaḥ || iti |

tatraiva māsarkṣa-pūjā-prasaṅe --

yathācyutas tvaṃ parataḥ parasmāt
sa brahma-bhūtāt parataḥ parātmā | iti |

tathā hari-vaṃśe 'pi vipra-kumārānayana-prasaṅge arjunaṃ prati śrī-bhagavad-vākyaṃ --

tat-paraṃ paramaṃ brahma sarvaṃ vibhajate jagat |
mamaiva tad ghanaṃ tejo jñātum arhasi bhārata || (HV 2.114.11-12)

brahma-saṃhitāyām api (5.40) --

yasya prabhā prabhavato jagad-aṇḍa-koṭi-
koṭīṣv aśeṣa-vasudhādi-vibhūti-bhinnam |
tad brahma niṣkalam anantam aśeṣa-bhūtaṃ
govindam ādi-puruṣaṃ tam ahaṃ bhajāmi || iti |

aṣṭama-skandhe ca (8.24.38) --

madīyaṃ mahimānaṃc ca para-brahmeti śabditam |
vetsyasy anugṛhītaṃ me sampraśnair vivṛtaṃ hṛdi || iti bhagavad-uktiś ca |

madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāś ca vyācakṣate sma yathā -- nanu tvad-bhaktas tvad-bhāvam āpnotu nāma kathaṃ brahma-bhūyāya kalpate brahmaṇaḥ sakāśāt tavānyatvād ity āśaṅkyāha brahmaṇo hīti | pratiṣṭhā paryāptir aham eveti | paryāptiḥ paripūrṇatā ity amaraḥ |

parākṛta-mano-dvandvaṃ
paraṃ brahma narākṛti |
saundarya-sāra-sarvasvaṃ
vande nandātmajaṃ mahaḥ || ity upaślokayāmāsuś ca ||27||

anartha eva traiguṇyaṃ nistraiguṇyaṃ kṛtārthatā |
tac ca bhaktyaiva bhavatīty adhyāyārtho nirūpitaḥ ||
iti sārārtha-varṣiṇyāṃ harṣiṇyāṃ bhakta-cetasām |
caturdaśo 'yaṃ gītāsu saṅgataḥ saṅgataḥ satām ||14||

baladevaḥ : nanu tad-viveka-khyātyā tvad-eka-bhaktyā ca guṇātīto labdha-svarūpo brahma-śabdito muktaḥ kathaṃ tiṣṭhed iti cet tatrāha brahmaṇo hīti | hir niścaye | brahmaṇas tat-pūrvakayā tayā sattvādyāvaraṇātyayād āvirbhāvita-svaguṇāṣṭakasyāmṛtasya mṛitir nirgatasyāvyayasya tādrūpyaṇaikarasasya muktasya mad-atipriyasyāham eva vijñānānanda-mūrtir ananta-guṇo niravadyaḥ suhṛtatamaḥ sarveśvaraḥ | pratiṣṭhā pratiṣṭhīyate 'tra iti nirukteḥ paramāśrayo 'tipriyo bhavāmīti tādṛśaṃ māṃ parayā bhaktyānubhavaṃs tiṣṭhatīti | na matto viśleṣa-leśo na ca punar āvartate, yad gatvā na nivartante muktānāṃ paramā gatiḥ iti smṛtibhyaḥ |

nanu muktas tvāṃ kathaṃ śrayeta śravaṇa-phalasya mukter lābhād iti ced asty atiśayitaṃ phalam iti bhāvenāha śāśvatasya sādhāraṇasya sukhasya ca vicitra-līlā-rasasyāham eva pratiṣṭheti | tīvrānanda-rūpa-tad-vibhūti-mal-līlānubhavāya mām eva samāśrayatīty evam āha śrutiḥ raso vai saḥ, rasaṃ hy evāyaṃ labdhvānandī bhavati [TaittU 2.7.1] iti ||27||

saṃsāro guṇa-yogaḥ syād vimokṣas tu guṇātyayaḥ |
tat-siddhir hari-bhaktyaivety etad buddhaṃ caturdaśāt ||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
||14||


[*ENDNOTE] The eight qualities are listed in the ChAndogya UpaniSad: AtmApahata-pApmA vijaro vimRtyur vizoko vijighatso 'pipAsaH satya-kAmaH satya-saGkalpaH so 'nveSTavyaH |

Bhagavad-gītā - caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ