Bhagavadgita 5
with the commentaries of Sridhara, Madhusudana, Visvanatha and Baladeva
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| description: | multibyte sequence: |
| long a | ā |
| long A | Ā |
| long i | ī |
| long I | Ī |
| long u | ū |
| long U | Ū |
| vocalic r | ṛ |
| vocalic R | Ṛ |
| long vocalic r | ṝ |
| vocalic l | ḷ |
| vocalic L | Ḷ |
| long vocalic l | ḹ |
| velar n | ṅ |
| velar N | Ṅ |
| palatal n | ñ |
| palatal N | Ñ |
| retroflex t | ṭ |
| retroflex T | Ṭ |
| retroflex d | ḍ |
| retroflex D | Ḍ |
| retroflex n | ṇ |
| retroflex N | Ṇ |
| palatal s | ś |
| palatal S | Ś |
| retroflex s | ṣ |
| retroflex S | Ṣ |
| anusvara | ṃ |
| visarga | ḥ |
| long e | ē |
| long o | ō |
| l underbar | ḻ |
| r underbar | ṟ |
| n underbar | ṉ |
| k underbar | ḵ |
| t underbar | ṯ |
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BhG 5.1
arjuna uvāca
saṃnyāsaṃ karmaṇāṃ kṛṣṇa punar yogaṃ ca śaṃsasi |
yac chreya etayor ekaṃ tan me brūhi suniścitam ||1||
śrīdharaḥ :
nivārya saṃśayaṃ jiṣṇoḥ karma-saṃnyāsa-yogayoḥ |
jitendriyasya ca yateḥ pañcame muktim abravīt ||
ajñāna-sambhūtaṃ saṃśayaṃ jñānāsinā chittvā karma-yogam ātiṣṭha ity uktam | tatra pūrvāpara-virodhaṃ manvāno 'rjuna uvāca saṃnyāsam iti | yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād ity ādinā sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha ity ādinā ca karma-saṃnyāsaṃ kathayasi | jñānāsinā saṃśayaṃ chittvā yogam ātiṣṭha iti punar yogaṃ ca kathayasi | na ca karma-saṃnyāsaḥ karma-yogaś ca ekasyaiva ekadaiva sambhavataḥ viruddha-svarūpatvāt | tasmād etayor madhya ekasminn anuṣṭhātavye sati mama yac chreyaḥ suniścitam tad ekaṃ brūhi ||1||
madhusūdanaḥ :
adhyāyābhyāṃ kṛto dvābhyāṃ nirṇayaḥ karma-bodhayoḥ |
karma-tat-tyāgayor dvābhyāṃ nirṇayaḥ kriyate 'dhunā ||
tṛtīye 'dhyāye jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te ity ādinārjunena pṛṣṭo bhagavān jñāna-karmaṇor vikalpa-samuccayāsambhavenādhikāri-bheda-vyavasthayā loke 'smin dvividhā niṣṭhā purā proktā mayānagha ity ādinā nirṇayaṃ kṛtavān | tathā cājñādhikārikaṃ karma na jñānena saha samuccīyate tejas-timirayor iva yugapad asambhavāt karmādhikāra-hetu-bheda-buddhy-apanodakatvena jñānasya tad-virodhitvāt | nāpi vikalpyate ekārthatvābhāvāt | jñāna-kāryasyājñāna-nāśasya karmaṇā kartum aśakyatvāt tam eva viditvāpi mṛtyum eti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate 'nāyanāya iti śruteḥ |
jñāne jāte tu karma-kāryaṃ nāpekṣyata evety uktaṃ yāvān artha udapāne ity atra | tathā ca jñāninaḥ karmānadhikāre niścite prārabdha-karma-vaśād vṛthā-ceṣṭā-rūpeṇa tad-anuṣṭhānaṃ vā sarva-karma-saṃnyāso veti nirvivādaṃ caturthe nirṇītam | ajñena tv antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-dvārā jñānotpattaye karmāṇy anuṣṭheyāni tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena iti śruteḥ | sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate iti bhagavad-vacanāc ca | evaṃ sarva-karmāṇi jñānārthāni | tathā sarva-karma-saṃnyāso 'pi jñānārthaḥ śrūyate etam eva pravrājino lokam icchantaḥ pravrajanti, śānto dānta uparatas titikṣuḥ samāhito bhūtvātmany evātmānaṃ paśyet, tyajataiva hi taj jñeyaṃ tyuktuḥ pratyak paraṃ padam, satyānṛte sukha-duḥkhe
vedān imaṃ lokam amuṃ ca parityajyātmānam anvicchet ity ādau |
tatra karma tat-tyāgayor ārād upakāraka-saṃnipatyopakārakayoḥ prayājāvaghātayor iva na samuccayaḥ sambhavati viruddhatvena yaugapadyābhāvāt | nāpi karma-tat-tyāgayor ātma-jñāna-mātra-phalatvenaikārthatvād atirātrayoḥ ṣoḍaśi-grahaṇāgrahaṇayor iva vikalpaḥ syāt | dvāra-bhedenaikārthatvābhāvāt | karmaṇo hi pāpa-kṣaya-rūpam adṛṣṭam eva dvāraṃ, saṃnyāsasya tu sarva-vikṣepābhāvena vicārāvasara-dāna-rūpaṃ dṛṣṭam eva dvāram | niyamāpūrvaṃ tu dṛṣṭa-samavāyitvād avaghātādāv iva na prayojakam | tathā cādṛṣṭārtha-dṛṣṭārthayor ārād upakāraka-saṃnipātyopakārakayor eka-pradhānārthatve 'pi vikalpo nāsty eva | prayājāvaghātādīnām api tat-prasaṅgāt | tasmāt krameṇobhayam apy anṣṭheyam | tatrāpi saṃnyāsānantaraṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ cet tadā
parityakta-pūrvāśrama-svīkāreṇārūḍha-patitatvāt karmānadhikāritvaṃ prāktana-saṃnyāsa-vaiyarthyaṃ ca tasyādṛṣṭārthatvābhāvāt | prathama-kṛta-saṃnyāsenaiva jñānādhikāra-lābhe tad-uttara-kāle karmānuṣṭhāna-vaiyarthyaṃ ca | tasmād ādau bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhānād antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhau tīvreṇa vairāgyeṇa vividiṣāyāṃ dṛḍhāyāṃ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaḥ śravaṇa-mananādi-rūpa-vedānta-vākya-vicārāya kartavya iti bhagavato matam | tathā coktam - na karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo 'śnute iti | vakṣyate ca -
ārurukṣor muner yogaṃ karma kāraṇam ucyate |
yogārūḍhasya tasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇam ucyate || [Gītā 6.3] iti |
yogo 'tra tīvra-vairāgya-pūrvikā vividiṣā | tad uktaṃ vārtika-kāraiḥ -
pratyag vividiṣāsiddhyai vedānuvacanādayaḥ |
brahmāvāptyai tu tat-tyāga īpsantīti śruter balāt || iti |
smṛtiś ca -
kaṣāya-paṅktiḥ karmāṇi jñānaṃ tu paramā gatiḥ |
kaṣāye karmabhiḥ pakve tato jñānaṃ pravartate || iti |
mokṣa-dharme -
kaṣāyaṃ pācayitvā ca śreṇī-sthāneṣu ca triṣu |
pravrajec ca paraṃ sthānaṃ pārivrājyam anuttamam ||
bhāvinaḥ karaṇaiś cāyaṃ bahu-saṃsāra-yoniṣu |
āsādayati śuddhātmā mokṣaṃ vai prathamāśrame ||
tam āsādya tu muktasya dṛṣṭārthasya vipaścitaḥ |
triṣv āśrameṣu ko nv artho bhavet paramābhīpsitaḥ || iti |
mokṣaṃ vairāgyam | etena kramākrama-saṃnyāso dvāv api darśinau | tathā ca śrutiḥ - brahmacaryaṃ samāpya gṛhī bhaved gṛhād vanī bhūtvā pravrajed yadi vetarathā brahmacaryād eva pravrajed gṛhād vā vanād vā yad ahar eva virajet tad ahar eva pravrajet iti |
tasmād ajñasyāviraktatā-daśāyāṃ karmānuṣṭhānam eva | tasyaiva viraktatā-daśāyāṃ saṃnyāsaḥ śravaṇādy-avasara-dānena jñānārthaṃ iti daśā-bhedenājñam adhikṛtyaiva karma-tat-tyāgau vyākhyātuṃ pañcama-ṣaṣṭhāv adhyāyāv ārabhyete | vidvat-saṃnyāsas tu jñāna-balād artha-siddha eveti sandehābhāvān na vicāryate |
tatraikam eva jijñāsum ajñaṃ prati jñānārthatvena karma-tat-tyāgayor vigdhānāt tayoś ca viruddhayor yugapad anuṣṭhānāsambhavān mayā jijñāsunā kim idānīm anuṣṭheyam iti sandihāno 'rjuna uvāca saṃnyāsam iti |
he kṛṣṇa ! sadānanda-rūpa bhakta-duḥkha-karṣaṇeti vā | karmaṇāṃ yāvaj-jīvādi-śruti-vihitānāṃ nityānāṃ naimittikānāṃ ca saṃnyāsaṃ tyāgaṃ jijñāsum ajñaṃ prati kathayasi veda-mukhena punas tad-viruddhaṃ yogaṃ ca karmānuṣṭhāna-rūpaṃ śaṃsasi | etam eva pravrājino lokam icchantaḥ pravrajanti, tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena ity ādi-vākya-dvayena -
nirāśīr yata-cittātmā tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ |
śārīraṃ kevalaṃ karma kurvann āpnoti kilbiṣam || [Gītā 4.21]
chittvainaṃ saṃśayaṃ yogam ātiṣṭhottiṣṭha bhārata iti gītā-vākya-dvayena vā | tatraikam ajñaṃ prati karma-tat-tyāgayor vidhānād yugapad ubhayānuṣṭhānasambhavād etayoḥ karma-tat-tyāgayor madhye yad ekaṃ śreyaḥ praśasyataraṃ manyase karma vā tat-tyāgaṃ vā tan me brūhi suniścitaṃ tava matam anuṣṭhānāya ||1||
viśvanāthaḥ :
proktaṃ jñānād api śreṣṭhaṃ karma tad-dāṛḍhya-siddhaye |
tat-padārthasya ca jñānaṃ sāmyād yā api pañcame ||
pūrvādhyāyānte śrutena vākya-dvāreṇa virodham āśaṅkamānaḥ pṛcchati sannyāsam iti |
yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇaṃ jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayam |
ātmavantaṃ na karmāṇi nibadhnanti dhanaṃjaya || [Gītā 4.41]
iti vākyena tvaṃ karma-yogenotpanna-jñānasya karma-saṃnyāsaṃ brūṣe |
tasmād ajñāna-saṃbhūtaṃ hṛt-sthaṃ jñānāsinātmanaḥ |
chittvainaṃ saṃśayaṃ yogam ātiṣṭhottiṣṭha bhārata || [Gītā 4.42]
ity anena punas tasyaiva karma-yogaṃ ca brūṣe | na ca karma-saṃnyāsaḥ karma-yogaś ca ekasyaiva ekadaiva sambhavataḥ, sthiti-gativat viruddha-svarūpatvāt | tasmāj jñānī karma-saṃnyāsaṃ kuryāt, karma-yogaṃ vā kuryād iti tvad-abhiprāyam anavagato |haṃ pṛcchāmi etayor madhye yad ekaṃ śreyas tvayā suniścitam tan me brūhi ||1||
baladevaḥ :
jñānataḥ karmaṇaḥ śraiṣṭhyaṃ sukaratvādinā hariḥ |
śuddhasya tad-akartṛtvaṃ tvety ādi prāha pañcame ||
dvitīye mumukṣuṃ praty ātma-vijñānaṃ mocakam abhidhāya tad-upāyayā niṣkāmaṃ karma kartavyam abhyadhāt | labdha-vijñānasya na kiṃcit karmāstīti yas tv ātma-ratir eva syāt iti tṛtīye, sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha iti caturthe cāvādīt | ante tu tasmād ajñāna-saṃbhūtaṃ [Gītā 4.42] ity ādinā tasyaiva punaḥ karma-yogaṃ prāvocat | tatrārjunaḥ pṛcchati saṃnyāsam iti | he kṛṣṇa ! karmaṇāṃ sannyāsaṃ sarvendriya-vyāpāra-virati-rūpaṃ jñāna-yogam ity arthaḥ | punar yogaṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ ca sarvendriya-vyāpāra-rūpaṃ śaṃsasi | na caikasya yugapat tau sambhavetāṃ, sthiti-gativat tamas-tejovac ca viruddha-svarūpatvāt | tasmāl labdha-jñānaḥ karma sannyased anutiṣṭhed veti bhavad-abhimataṃ vettum aśakto 'haṃ pṛcchāmi | etayoḥ karma-sannyāsa-karmānuṣṭhānayor yad ekaṃ śreyas
tvayā suniścitaṃ tattvaṃ me brūhīti ||1||
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BhG 5.2
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
saṃnyāsaḥ karma-yogaś ca niḥśreyasa-karāv ubhau |
tayos tu karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate ||2||
śrīdharaḥ : atrottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca saṃnyāsa iti | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - na hi vedānta-vedyātma-tattvajñaṃ prati karma-yogam ahaṃ bravīmi | yataḥ pūrvoktena saṃnyāsena virodhaḥ syāt | api tu dehātmābhimāninaṃ tvāṃ bandhu-vadhādi-nimitta-śoka-mohādi-kṛtam enaṃ saṃśayaṃ dehātma-viveka-jñānāsinā chittvā paramātma-jñānopāya-bhūtaṃ karma-yogam ātiṣṭheti bravīmi | karma-yogena śuddha-cittasyātma-tattva-jñāne jāte sati tat-paripākārthaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāṅgatvena saṃnyāsaḥ pūrvam uktaḥ | evaṃ saty aṅga-pradhānayor vikalpa-yogāt saṃnyāsaḥ karma-yogaś cety etāv ubhāv api bhūmikā-bhedena samuccitāv eva niḥśreyasaṃ sādhayataḥ | tathāpi tu tayor madhye tu karma-saṃnyāsāt sakāśāt karma-yogo viśiṣṭo bhavatīti ||2||
madhusūdanaḥ : evam arjunasya praśne tad-uttaram śrī-bhagavān uvāca saṃnyāsa iti | niḥśreyasa-karau jñānotpatti-hetutvena mokṣopayoginau | tayos tu karma-saṃnyāsād anadhikāri-kṛtāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate śreyān adhikāra-sampādakatvena ||2||
viśvanāthaḥ : karma-yogo viśiṣyata iti jñāninaḥ karma-karaṇe na ko 'pi doṣaḥ | pratyuta niṣkāma-karmaṇā citta-śuddhi-dārḍhyāj jñāna-dārḍhyam eva syāt | saṃnyāsinas tu kadācit citta-vaiguṇye sati tad-upaśamanārthaṃ kiṃ karma niṣiddham ? jñānābhyāsa-pratibandhakaṃ tu citta-vaiguṇyam eva | viṣaya-grahaṇe tu vāntāśitvam eva syād iti bhāvaḥ ||2||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ pṛṣṭo śrī-bhagavān uvāca saṃnyāsa iti | niḥśreyasa-karau mukti-hetū | karma-saṃnyāsāj jñāna-yogād viśiṣyate śreṣṭho bhavati | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - na khalu labdha-jñānasyāpi karma-yogo doṣāvahaḥ | kintu jñāna-garbhatvāj jñāna-dārḍhya-kṛd eva | jñāna-niṣṭhatayā karma-sannyāsinas tu citta-doṣe sati tad-doṣa-vināśāya karmānuṣṭheyaṃ pratiṣedhaka-śāstrāt | karma-tyāga-vākyāni tv ātmani ratau satyāṃ karmāṇi taṃ svayaṃ tjayantīty āhuḥ | tasmāt sukaratvād apramādatvāj jñāna-garbhatvāc ca karma-yogaḥ śreyān iti ||2||
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BhG 5.3
jñeyaḥ sa nitya-saṃnyāsī yo na dveṣṭi na kāṅkṣati |
nirdvandvo hi mahā-bāho sukhaṃ bandhāt pramucyate ||3||
śrīdharaḥ : kuta ity apekṣāyāṃ saṃnyāsitvena karma-yoginaṃ stuvaṃs tasya śreṣṭhatvaṃ darśayati jñeya iti | rāga-dveṣādi-rāhityena parameśvarārthaṃ karmāṇi yo 'nutiṣṭhati sa nityaṃ karmānuṣṭhāna-kāle 'pi saṃnyāsīty evaṃ jñeyaḥ | tatra hetuḥ nirdvandvo rāga-dveṣādi-dvandva-śūnyo hi śuddha-citto jñāna-dvārā sukham anāyāsenaiva bandhāt saṃsārāt pramucyate ||3||
madhusūdanaḥ : tam eva karma-yogaṃ stauti jñeya iti tribhiḥ | sa karmaṇi pravṛtto 'pi nityaṃ saṃnyāsīti jñeyaḥ | ko 'sau ? yo na dveṣṭi bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā kriyamāṇaṃ karma niṣphalatva-śaṅkayā | na kāṅkṣati svargādikam | nirdvandvo rāga-dveṣa-rahito hi yasmāt sukham anāyāsena he mahābāho bandhād antaḥkaraṇāśuddhi-rūpāj jñāna-pratibandhāt pramucyate nityānitya-vastu-vivekādi-prakarṣeṇa mukto bhavati ||3||
viśvanāthaḥ : na ca sannyāsa-prāpyo mokṣo 'kṛta-saṃnyāsenaiva tena na prāpya iti vācyam ity āha jñeya iti | sa tu śuddha-cittaḥ karmī nitya-saṃnyāsī eva jñeyaḥ | he mahābāho iti mukti-nagarīṃ jetuṃ sa eva mahāvīra iti bhāvaḥ ||3||
baladevaḥ : kuto viśiṣyate tatrāha jñeya iti | sa viśuddha-cittaḥ karma-yogī nitya-saṃnyāsī | sa sarvadā jñāna-yoga-niṣṭho jñeyaḥ | yaḥ karmāntargatātmānubhavānanda-paritṛptas tato 'nyat kiṃcit na kāṅkṣati na ca dveṣṭi | nirdvandvo dvandva-sahiṣṇuḥ sukham anāyāsena sukara-karma-niṣṭhayety arthaḥ ||3||
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BhG 5.4
sāṃkhya-yogau pṛthag bālāḥ pravadanti na paṇḍitāḥ |
ekam apy āsthitaḥ samyag ubhayor vindate phalam ||4||
śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evam aṅga-pradhānatvenobhayor avasthā-bhedena krama-samuccayaḥ | ato vikalpam aṅgīkṛtyobhayoḥ kaḥ śreṣṭha iti praśno 'jñāninām evocitaḥ | na vivekinām ity āha sāṅkhya-yogāv iti | sāṅkhya-śabdena jñāna-niṣṭhā-vācinā tad-aṅgaṃ saṃnyāsaṃ lakṣayati | saṃnyāsa-karma-yogau eka-phalau santau pṛthak svatantrāv iti bālā ajñā eva pravadanti na tu paṇḍitāḥ | tatra hetuḥ - anayor ekam apy samyag āsthita āśritavān ubhayor api phalam āpnoti | tathā hi karma-yogaṃ samyag anutiṣṭhan śuddha-cittaḥ san jñāna-dvārā yad ubhayoḥ phalaṃ kaivalyaṃ tad vindati | saṃnyāsaṃ samyag āsthito 'pi pūrvam anuṣṭhitasya karma-yogasyāpi paramparayā jñāna-dvārā yad ubhayoḥ phalaṃ kaivalyaṃ tad vindatīti na pṛthak phalatvam anayor ity arthaḥ ||4||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu yaḥ karmaṇi pravṛttaḥ sa kathaṃ saṃnyāsīti jñātavyaḥ karma-tat-tyāgayoḥ svarūpa-virodhāt phalaikyāt tatheti cet, na | svarūpato viruddhayoḥ phale 'pi virodhasyaucityāt | tathā ca niḥśreyasa-karāv ubhāv ity anupapannam ity āśaṅkyāha sāṃkhya-yogāv iti | saṃkhyā samyag ātma-buddhis tāṃ vahatīti jñānāntaraṅga-sādhanatayā sāṅkhyaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ | yogaḥ pūrvokta-karma-yogaḥ | tau pṛthag viruddha-phalau bālāḥ śāstrārtha-viveka-jñāna-śūnyāḥ pravadanti, na paṇḍitāḥ | kiṃ tarhi paṇḍitānāṃ matam ? ucyate - ekam apy saṃnyāsa-karmaṇor madhye samyag āsthitaḥ svādhikārānurūpeṇa samyag yathā-śāstraṃ kṛtavān sann ubhayor vindate phalam jñānotpatti-dvāreṇa niḥśreyasam ekam eva ||4||
viśvanāthaḥ : tasmād yac chreya evaitayor iti tvad-uktam api vastuto na ghaṭate | vivekibhir ubhayoḥ pārthakyābhāvasya dṛṣṭatvād ity āha sāṃkhya-yogāv iti | sāṃkhya-śabdena jñāna-niṣṭhā-vācinā tad-aṅgaḥ saṃnyāso lakṣyate | saṃnyāsa-karma-yogau pṛthak svatantrāv iti bālāḥ vadanti, na tu vijñāḥ jñeyaḥ sa nitya-saṃnyāsī iti pūrvokteḥ | ata ekam apīty ādi ||4||
baladevaḥ : yaḥ śreya etayor ekam iti tvad-vākyaṃ ca na ghaṭata ity āha sāṃkhyeti | jñāna-yoga-karma-yogau phala-bhedāt pṛthag-bhūtāv iti bālāḥ pravadanti, na tu paṇḍitāḥ | ataeva ekam ity ādi phalam ātmāvaloka-lakṣaṇam ||4||
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BhG 5.5
yat sāṃkhyaiḥ prāpyate sthānaṃ tad yogair api gamyate |
ekaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati ||5||
śrīdharaḥ : etad eva sphuṭayati yat sāṃkhyair iti | sāṃkhyair jñāna-niṣṭhaiḥ saṃnyāsibhir yat sthānaṃ mokṣākhyaṃ prakarṣeṇa sākṣād avāpyate, yogair ity ārśa āditvān matv-arthīyo 'c-pratyayo draṣṭavyaḥ | tena karma-yogibhir api tad eva jñāna-dvāreṇa gamyate 'vāpyate | ataḥ sāṃkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca ekaphalatvena ekaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa eva samyak paśyati ||5||
madhusūdanaḥ : ekasyānuṣṭhānāt katham ubhayoḥ phalaṃ vindate tathāha yat sāṃkhyair iti | sāṅkhyair jñāna-niṣṭhaiḥ saṃnyāsibhir aihika-karmānuṣṭhāna-śūnyatve 'pi prāg-bhavīya-karmabhir eva saṃskṛtāntaḥ-karaṇaiḥ śravaṇādi-pūrvikayā jñāna-niṣṭhayā yat prasiddhaṃ sthānaṃ tiṣṭhaty evāsmin na tu kadāpi cyavata iti vyutpattyā mokṣākhyaṃ prāpyata āvaraṇābhāva-mātreṇa labhyata iva nitya-prāptatvāt, yogair api bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā phalābhisandhi-rāhityena kṛtāni karmāṇi śāstrīyāṇi yogās te yeṣāṃ santi te 'pi yogāḥ | arśa-āditvān matv-arthīyo 'c-pratyayaḥ | tair yogibhir api sattva-śuddhyā saṃhyāsa-pūrvaka-śravaṇādi-puraḥ-sarayā jñāna-niṣṭhayā vartamāne bhaviṣyati vā janmani sampatsyamānayā tat sthānaṃ gamyate | ata eka-phalatvād ekaṃ
sāṃkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca yaḥ paśyati sa eva samyak paśyati nānyaḥ |
ayaṃ bhāvaḥ yeṣāṃ saṃnyāsa-pūrvikā jñāna-niṣṭhā dṛśyate teṣāṃ tayaiva liṅgena prāg-janmasu bhagavad-arpita-karma-niṣṭhānumīyate | kāraṇam antareṇa kāryotpatty-ayogāt | tad uktam -
yāny ato 'nyāni janmāni teṣu nūnaṃ kṛtaṃ bhavet |
yat kṛtyaṃ puruṣeṇeha nānyathā brahmaṇi sthitiḥ || iti |
evaṃ yeṣāṃ bhagavad-arpita-karma-niṣṭhā dṛśyate teṣāṃ tayaiva liṅgena bhāvinī saṃnyāsa-pūrvajñāna-niṣṭhānumīyate sāmagryāḥ kāryāvyabhicāritvāt | tasmād ajñena mumukṣuṇāntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhaye prathamaṃ karma-yogo 'nuṣṭheyo na tu saṃnyāsaḥ | sa tu vairāgya-tīvratāyāṃ svayam eva bhaviṣyatīti ||5||
viśvanāthaḥ : etad eva spaṣṭayati yad iti | sāṃkhyaiḥ sannyāsena yogair niṣkāma-karmaṇā | bahu-vacanaṃ gauraveṇa | ataeva tad dvayaṃ pṛthag-bhūtam api yo vivekenaikam eva paśyati sa paśyati, cakṣuṣmān paṇḍita ity arthaḥ ||5||
baladevaḥ : etad viśadayati yad iti | sāṃkhyair jñāna-yogibhir yogaiḥ niṣkāma-karmabhiḥ | arśa ādy ac | sthānaṃ ātmāvaloka-lakṣaṇam | ataeva tad dvayaṃ nivṛtti-pravṛtti-rūpatayā bhinna-rūpam api phalaikyād ekaṃ yaḥ paśyati vetti, sa paśyati sa cakṣuṣmān paṇḍita ity arthaḥ ||5||
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BhG 5.6
saṃnyāsas tu mahābāho duḥkham āptum ayogataḥ |
yoga-yukto munir brahma nacireṇādhigacchati ||6||
śrīdharaḥ : yadi karma-yogino 'py antataḥ saṃnyāsenaiva jñāna-nisṭhā tarhy ādita eva saṃnyāsaḥ kartuṃ yukta iti manvānaṃ praty āha saṃnyāsa iti | ayogataḥ karma-yogaṃ vinā saṃnyāso duḥkham āptum duḥkha-hetuḥ | aśakya ity arthaḥ | citta-śuddhy-abhāvena jñāna-niṣṭhāyā asambhavāt | yoga-yuktas tu śuddha-cittatayā muniḥ saṃnyāsī bhūtvācireṇaiva brahmādhigacchati | aparokṣaṃ jānāti | ataś citta-śuddheḥ prāk karma-yoga eva saṃnyāsād viśiṣyata iti pūrvoktaṃ siddham | tad uktaṃ vārttika-kṛdbhiḥ -
pramādino bahiś cittāḥ piśunāḥ kalahotsukāḥ |
sannyāsino 'pi dṛśyante daiva-sandūṣitāśrayāḥ || iti ||6||
madhusūdanaḥ : aśuddhāntaḥkaraṇenāpi saṃnyāsa eva prathamaṃ kuto na kriyate jñāna-niṣṭhā-hetutvena tasyāvaśakatvād iti cet tatrāha saṃnyāsa iti | ayogato yogam antaḥ-karaṇa-śodhakaṃ śāstrīyaṃ karmāntareṇa haṭhād eva yaḥ kṛtaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ sa tu duḥkham āptum eva bhavati, aśuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvena tat-phalasya jñāna-nisṭhāyā asambhavāt | śodhake ca karmaṇy anadhikārāt karma-brahmobhaya-bhraṣṭatvena parama-saṅkaṭāpatteḥ | karma-yoga-yuktas tu śuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvān munir manana-śīlaḥ saṃnyāsī bhūtvā brahma satya-jñānādi-lakṣaṇam ātmānaṃ na cireṇa śīghram evādhigacchati sākṣātkaroti pratibandhakābhāvāt | etac coktaṃ prāg eva -
na karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo 'śnute |
na ca saṃnyasanād eva siddhiṃ samadhigacchati || [Gītā 3.4] iti |
ata eka-phalatve 'pi karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyata iti yat prāg uktaṃ tad upapannam ||6||
viśvanāthaḥ : kintu samyak-citta-śuddhim anirdhārayato jñāninaḥ saṃnyāso duḥkhadaḥ karma-yogas tu sukhada eveti pūrva-vyañjitam arthaṃ spaṣṭam evāha saṃnyāsas tv iti | citta-vaiguṇye satīti śeṣaḥ | ayogataḥ karma-yogābhāvāc citta-vaiguṇya-praśāmaka-karma-yogasya saṃnyāsiny abhāvāt tatra anadhikārād ity arthaḥ | saṃnyāso duḥkham eva prāptuṃ bhavati | tad uktaṃ vārttika-kṛdbhiḥ -
pramādino bahiś cittāḥ piśunāḥ kalahotsukāḥ |
sannyāsino 'pi dṛśyante daiva-sandūṣitāśrayāḥ || iti |
śrutir api -yadi na samuddharanti yatayo hṛdi kāma-jaṭā iti | bhagavatāpi yas tva saṃyata-ṣaḍ-vargaḥ [BhP 11.18.40] ity ādy uktam | tasmād yoga-yuktaḥ niṣkāma-karmavān munir jñānī san brahma śīghraṃ prāpnoti ||6||
baladevaḥ : jñāna-yogasya duṣkaratvāt sukara-karma-yogaḥ śreyān ity āha saṃnyāsas tv iti | saṃnyāsaḥ sarvendriya-vyāpāra-vinivṛtti-rūpo jñāna-yogaḥ | ayogataḥ karma-yogaṃ vinā duḥkhaṃ prāptum bhavati | duṣkaratvāt sapramādatvāc ca duḥkha-hetur eva syād ity arthaḥ | yoga-yukta-niṣkāma-karmī tu munir ātma-manana-śīlaḥ sann acireṇa śīghram eva brahmādhigacchati ||6||
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BhG 5.7
yoga-yukto viśuddhātmā vijitātmā jitendriyaḥ |
sarva-bhūtātma-bhūtātmā kurvann api na lipyate ||7||
śrīdharaḥ : karma-yogādi-krameṇa brahmādhigame saty api tad-uparitanena karmaṇā bandhaḥ syād evety āśaṅkyāha yoga-yukta iti | yogena yuktaḥ | ataeva viśuddha ātmā cittaṃ yasya saḥ | ataeva vijita ātmā śarīraṃ yena | ataeva jitānīndriyāṇi yena | tataś ca sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām ātma-bhūta ātmā yasya sa loka-saṅgrahārthaṃ svābhāvikaṃ vā karma kurvann api na lipyate ||7||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu karmaṇo bandha-hetutvād yoga-yukto munir brahmādhigacchatīty anupapannam ity ata āha yoga-yukta iti | bhagavad-arpaṇa-phalābhisandhi-rāhityādi-guṇa-yuktaṃ śāstrīyaṃ karma yoga ity ucyate | tena yogena yuktaḥ puruṣaḥ prathamaṃ viśuddhātmā viśuddho rajas-tamo-bhyām akaluṣita ātmāntaḥkaraṇa-rūpaṃ sattvaṃ yasya sa tathā | nirmalāntaḥ-karaṇaḥ san vijitātmā sva-vaśīkṛta-dehaḥ | tato jitendriyaḥ sva-vaśīkṛta-sarva-bāhyendriyaḥ | etena manūktas tridaṇḍī kathitaḥ -
vāg-daṇḍo 'tha mano-daṇḍaḥ kāya-daṇḍas tathaiva ca |
yasyaite nityatā daṇḍāḥ sa tridaṇḍīti kathyata || iti |
vāg iti bāhyendriyopalakṣaṇam | etādṛśasya tattva-jñānam avaśyaṃ bhavatīty āha sarva-bhūtātma-bhūtātmā sarva-bhūta ātma-bhūtaś cātmā svarūpaṃ yasya sa tathā | jaḍājaḍātmakaṃ sarva ātma-mātraṃ paśyann ity arthaḥ | sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām ātma-bhūta ātmā yasyeti vyākhyāne tu sarva-bhūtātmety etāvataivārtah-lābhād ātma-bhūtety adhikaṃ syāt | sarvātma-padayor jaḍājaḍa-paratve tu samañjasam | etādṛśaḥ paramārtha-darśī kurvann api karmāṇi para-dṛṣṭyā na lipyate taiḥ karmabhiḥ sva-dṛṣṭyā tad-abhāvād ity arthaḥ ||7||
viśvanāthaḥ : kṛtenāpi karmaṇā jñāninas tasya na lepa ity āha yogeti | yoga-yukto jñānī trividhaḥ - viśuddhātmā vijita-buddhir ekaḥ | vijitātmā viśuddha-citto dvitīyaḥ | jitendriyas tṛtīya iti | pūrva-pūrveṣāṃ sādhana-tāratamyād utkarṣaḥ | etādṛśe gṛhasthe tu sarve 'pi jīvā anurajyantīty āha sarveṣām api bhūtānām ātma-bhūtaḥ premāspadībhūta ātmā deho yasya saḥ ||7||
baladevaḥ : īdṛśī mumukṣuḥ sarveṣāṃ preyān ity āha yogeti | yoge niṣkāme karmaṇi yukto nirataḥ | ataeva viśuddhātmā nirmala-buddhiḥ | ataeva vijitātmā vaśīkṛta-manāḥ | ataeva jitendriyaḥ śabdādi-viṣaya-rāga-śūnyaḥ | ataeva sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ jīvānām ātma-bhūtaḥ premāspadatām gata ātmā deho yasya saḥ | na cātra pārtha-sārathinā sarvātmaikyam abhimatam - na tv evāham ity ādinā sarvātmanāṃ mitho bhedasya tenābhidhānāt | tad-vādināpi vijñājñābhedasya vaktum aśaktyatvāc ca | evambhūtaḥ kurvann api viviktātmānusandhānād anātmany ātmābhimānena na lipyate acireṇātmānam adhigacchati | ataḥ karma-yogaḥ śreyān ||7||
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BhG 5.8
naiva kiṃ cit karomīti yukto manyeta tattva-vit |
paśyañ śṛṇvan spṛśañ jighrann aśnan gacchan svapañ śvasan ||8||
pralapan visṛjan gṛhṇann unmiṣan nimiṣann api |
indriyāṇīndriyārtheṣu vartanta iti dhārayan ||9||
śrīdharaḥ : karma kurvann api na lipyata ity etad viruddham ity āśaṅkya kartṛtvābhimānābhāvān na viruddham ity āha naiveti dvābhyām | karma-yogena yuktaḥ krameṇa tattvavid bhūtvā darśana-śravaṇādīni kurvann apīndriyāṇīndriyārtheṣu vartanta iti dhārayan buddhyā niścinvan kiṃcid apy ahaṃ na karomīti manyeta manyate | tatra darśana-śravaṇa-sparśanāghrānāśanāni cakṣur-ādi-jñānendriya-vyāpārāḥ | gatiḥ pādayoḥ | svāpo buddheḥ | śvāsaḥ prāṇasya | pralapanaṃ vāg-indriyasya | visargaḥ pāyūpasthayoḥ | grahaṇaṃ hastayoḥ | unmeṣaṇa-nimeṣaṇe kūrmākhya-prāṇasyeti vivekaḥ | etāni karmāṇi kurvann api abhimānābhāvād brahma-vin na lipyate | tathā ca parāmarṣaṃ sūtram - tad-adhigama uttara-pūrvāghayor aśleṣa-vināśau tad-vyapadeśād iti ||8-9||
madhusūdanaḥ : etad eva vivṛṇoti naiveti dvābhyām | cakṣur-ādi-jñānendriyair vāg-ādi-karmendriyaiḥ prāṇā̆di-vāyu-bhedair antaḥ-karaṇa-catuṣṭayena ca tat-tac-ceṣṭāsu kriyamāṇāsu indriyāṇīndriyādīny evendriyārtheṣu sva-sva-viṣayeṣu vartante pravartante na tv aham iti dhārayann avadhārayann naiva kiṃcit karomīti manyeta manyate tattvavit paramārtha-darśī yuktaḥ samāhita-cittaḥ | athavādau yuktaḥ karma-yogena paścād antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-dvāreṇa tattvavid bhūtvā naiva kiṃcit karomīti manyata iti sambandhaḥ |
tatra darśana-śravaṇa-sparśana-ghrāṇāśanāni cakṣuḥ-śrotra-tvag-ghrāṇa-rasanānāṃ pañca-jñānendriyāṇāṃ vyāpārāḥ paśyan śṛṇvan spṛśañ jighrann aśnann ity uktāḥ | gatiḥ pādayoḥ | pralāpo vācaḥ | visargaḥ pāyūpasthayoḥ | grahaṇaṃ hastayor iti pañca karmendriya-vyāpārā gacchan pralapan visṛjan gṛhṇann ity uktāḥ | śvasann iti prāṇādi-pañcakasya vyāpāropalakṣaṇam | unmiṣan nimiṣann iti nāga-kūrmādi-pañcakasya | svapann ity antaḥ-karaṇa-catuṣṭayasya | artha-krama-vaśāt pāṭha-kramaṃ bhaṅktvā vyākhyātāv imau ślokau | yasmāt sarva-vyāpāreṣv apy ātmano 'kartṛtvam eva paśyati | ataḥ kurvann api na lipyata iti yuktam evoktam iti bhāvaḥ ||8-9||
viśvanāthaḥ : yena karmaṇālepas taṃ prakāraṃ śikṣayati naiveti | yuktaḥ karma-yogī darśanādīni kurvann apīndriyāṇīndriyārtheṣu vartanta iti dhārayan buddhyā niścinvan nirabhimānaḥ kiṃcid apy ahaṃ naiva karomīti manyate ||8-9||
baladevaḥ : śuddhasyātmano 'dhiṣṭhānādi-pañcāpekṣita-karma-kartṛtvaṃ nāstīty upadiśati naiveti | yukto niṣkāma-karmī prādhānika-dehendriyādi-saṃsargād darśanādīni karmāṇi kurvann api tattva-vit viviktam ātma-tattvam anubhavan indriyārtheṣu rūpādiṣu indriyāṇi cakṣur-ādīni mad-vāsanānuguṇa-paramātma-preritāni vartanta iti dhārayan niścinvann ahaṃ kiṃcid api na karomīti manyate | paśyañ śṛṇvan spṛśañ jighrann aśnann iti cakṣuḥ-śrotra-tvag-ghrāṇa-rasanānāṃ jñānendriyāṇāṃ darśana-śravaṇa-sparśanāghrānāśanāni vyāpārāḥ | tatra gamanaṃ pādayoḥ | pralāpo vācaḥ | visargānandaḥ pāyūpasthayoḥ | grahaṇaṃ hastayor iti bodhyam | śvasann iti prāṇādīnām unmiṣan nimiṣann iti nāgādīnāṃ prāṇa-bhedānām | svapann ity antaḥkaraṇānām
ity arthaḥ kramād vyākhyeyam | vijñāna-sukhaika-rasasya mamānādi-vāsanā-hetuka-prādhānika-dehādi-sambandha-nimittaṃ tadīdṛśa-karma-kartṛtvam, na tu svarūpaika-nimittam iti manyata ity arthaḥ | na svarūpa-prayuktam ātmanaḥ kartṛtvaṃ kiṃcid api nāstīti śakyam abhidhātuṃ nirdhāraṇe manane ca tasyābhidhānāt | tat tac ca jñānam eva tac cātmano nityam | na hi vijñātur vijñāter viparilāpo vidyate iti śruteḥ | tat-siddhiś ca hariṇā dharma-bhūtena jñānena ca ity āhuḥ ||8-9||
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BhG 5.10
brahmaṇy ādhāya karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karoti yaḥ |
lipyate na sa pāpena padma-patram ivāmbhasā ||10||
śrīdharaḥ : tarhi yasya karomīti abhimāno 'sti tasya karma-lepo durvāraḥ | tathāviśuddha-cittatvāt saṃnyāso 'pi nāsti iti mahat saṅkaṭam āpannam ity āśaṅkyāha brahmaṇīti | brahmaṇy ādhāya parameśvare samarpya | tat-phale ca saṅgaṃ tyaktvā | yaḥ karmāṇi karoti asau pāpena bandhu-hetutayā pāpiṣṭhena puṇya-pāpātmakena karmaṇā na lipyate yathā padma-patram ambhasi sthitam api tenāmbhasā na lipyate tadvat ||10||
madhusūdanaḥ : tarhy avidvān kartṛtvābhimānāl lipyetaiva tathā ca karthaṃ tasya saṃnyāsa-pūrvikā jñāna-niṣṭhā syād iti tatrāha brahmaṇīti | brahmaṇi parameśvara ādhāya samarpya saṅgaṃ phalābhilāṣaṃ tyaktveśvarārthaṃ bhṛtya iva svāmy-arthaṃ sva-phala-nirapekṣatayā karomīty abhiprāyeṇa karmāṇi laukikāni vaidikāni ca karoti yo lipyate na sa pāpena pāpa-puṇyātmakena karmaṇeti yāvat | yathā padma-patram upari prakṣiptenāmbhasā na lipyate tadvat | bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyānuṣṭhitaṃ karma buddhi-śuddhi-phalam eva syāt ||10||
viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca brahmaṇi parameśvare mayi samarpya saṅgaṃ tyaktvā sābhimāno 'pi karmāsaktiṃ vihāya yaḥ karmāṇi karoti | pāpenety upalakṣaṇam | so 'pi karma-mātreṇaiva na lipyate ||10||
baladevaḥ : uktaṃ viśadayann āha brahmaṇīti | brahma-śabdenātra triguṇāvasthaṃ pradhānam uktam | tasmād etad brahma-nāma-rūpam annaṃ ca jñāyata iti śravaṇāt | mama yonir mahad brahma iti vakṣyamāṇāc ca | dehendriyādīni pradhāna-pariṇāma-viśeṣāṇi bhavanti tad-rūpatayā pariṇate pradhāne darśanādīni karmāṇy ādhāya tasyaivaitāni | na tu tad-viviktasya śuddhasya mameti nirdhāryety arthaḥ | saṅgaṃ tat-phalābhilāṣaṃ tat-kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ ca tyaktvā | yas tāni karoti sa tādṛg dehādimattayā sann api dehādy-ātmābhimānena pāpena na lipyate | tathoparinikṣiptenāmbhasā spṛṣṭam api padma-patraṃ tadvat | na ca mayi saṃnyasya karmāṇi iti pūrva-svārasyād brahmaṇi paramātmanīti vyākhyeyam | prādhānika-dehādi-saṃsṛṣṭasyaiva jīvasya darśanādi-karma-kartṛtvaṃ, na
tu tad-viviktasyety arthasya prakṛtatvāt ||10||
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BhG 5.11
kāyena manasā buddhyā kevalair indriyair api |
yoginaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvātma-śuddhaye ||11||
śrīdharaḥ : kevalaṃ sattva-śuddhi-mātra-phalam eva tasya karmaṇaḥ syāt yasmāt kāyeneti | kāyena dehena manasā buddhyā ca | yoginaḥ saṅgaṃ tyaktvā kāyena manasā buddhyā kevalair indriyair api | kevala-śabdaḥ kāyādibhir api pratyekaṃ sambadhyate | sarva-vyāpāreṣu mamatā-varjanāya yoginaḥ karmiṇaḥ karma kurvanti | saṅgaṃ tyaktvā phala-viṣayam | ātma-śuddhaye sattva-śuddhaya ity arthaḥ | tasmāt tatraiva tavādhikāra iti ||11||
madhusūdanaḥ : tad eva vivṛṇoti kāyeneti | kāyena manasā buddhyendriyair api yoginaḥ karmiṇaḥ phala-saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karma kurvanti kāyādīnāṃ sarveṣāṃ viśeṣaṇaṃ kevalair iti | īśvarāyaiva karomi na mama phalāyeti mamatā-śūnyair ity arthaḥ | ātma-śuddhaye citta-śuddhy-artham ||11||
viśvanāthaḥ : kevalair indriyair iti | indrāya svāhā ity ādinā havir-ādy-arpaṇa-kāle yadyapi manaḥ kvāpy anyatra tad apīty arthaḥ | ātma-viśuddhaye manaḥ-śuddhy-artham ||11||
baladevaḥ : sad-ācāraṃ pramāṇayann etad vivṛṇoti kāyeneti | kāyādibhiḥ sādhyaṃ karma kāyādy-ahaṃbhāva-śūnyā yoginaḥ kurvanti | kevalair viśuddhaiḥ | saṅgaṃ tyaktveti prāgvad ātma-śuddhaye anādi-dehātmābhimāna-nivṛttaye ||11||
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BhG 5.12
yuktaḥ karma-phalaṃ tyaktvā śāntim āpnoti naiṣṭhikīm |
ayuktaḥ kāma-kāreṇa phale sakto nibadhyate ||12||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu kathaṃ tenaiva karmaṇā kaścin mucyate kaścid badhyate iti vyavasthā ? ata āha yukta iti | yuktaḥ parameśvaraika-niṣṭhaḥ san karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ tyaktvā karmaṇi kurvann ātyantikīṃ śāntiṃ mokṣaṃ prāpnoti | ayuktas tu bahirmukhaḥ kāma-kāreṇa kāmataḥ pravṛttyā phala āsakto nitarāṃ bandhaṃ prāpnoti ||12||
madhusūdanaḥ : kartṛtvābhimāna-sāmye 'pi tenaiva karmaṇā kaścin mucyate kaścit tu badhyata iti vaiṣamye ko hetur iti tatrāha yukta iti | yukta īśvarāyaivaitāni karmāṇi na mama phalāyety evam abhiprāyavān karma-phalaṃ tyaktvā karmāṇi kurvan śāntim mokṣākhyām āpnoti naiṣṭhikīṃ sattva-śuddhi-nitya-vastu-viveka-saṃnyāsa-jñāna-niṣṭhā-krameṇa jātām iti yāvat | yas tu punar ayukta īśvarāyaivaitāni karmāṇi na mama phalāyety abhiprāya-śūnyaḥ sa kāma-kāreṇa kāmataḥ pravṛttyā mama phalāyaivedaṃ karma karomīti phale sakto nibadhyate karmabhir nitarāṃ saṃsāra-bandhaṃ prāpnoti | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tvam api yuktaḥ san karmāṇi kurv iti vākya-śeṣaḥ ||12||
viśvanāthaḥ : karma-karaṇe anāsakty-āsaktī eva mokṣa-bandha-hetū ity āha yukto yogī niṣkāma-karmītity arthaḥ | naiṣṭhikīm niṣṭhā-prāptāṃ śāntiṃ mokṣam ity arthaḥ | ayuktaḥ sa-kāma-karmīty arthaḥ | kāma-kāreṇa kāma-pravṛttyā ||12||
baladevaḥ : yukta ātmārpita-manāḥ karma-phalaṃ tyaktvā kurvann naiṣṭhikīm sthirāṃ śāntim ātmāvaloka-lakṣaṇām āpnoti | ayukta ātmānarpita-manāḥ karma-phale saktaḥ kāma-kāreṇa kāmataḥ karmaṇi pravṛttyā nibadhyate saṃsarati ||12||
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BhG 5.13
sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasyāste sukhaṃ vaśī |
nava-dvāre pure dehī naiva kurvan na kārayan ||13||
śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ tāvac citta-śuddhi-śūnyasya saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate ity etat prapañcitam | idānīṃ śuddha-cittasya saṃnyāsaḥ śreṣṭha ity āha sarva-karmāṇīti | vaśī yata-cittaḥ | sarvāṇi karmāṇi vikṣepakāni manasā viveka-yuktena saṃnyasya sukhaṃ yathā bhavaty evaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhaḥ sann āste | kvāsta iti ? ata āha nava-dvāra iti | netre nāsike karṇau mukhaṃ ceti sapta śiro-gatāni | adhogate dve pāyūpastha-rūpe iti | evaṃ nava-dvārāṇi yasmiṃs tasmin pure puravad ahaṅkāra-śūnye dehe dehy avatiṣṭhate | ahaṅkārābhāvād eva svyaṃ tena dehena naiva kurvan mama-kārābhāvāc ca na kārayan ity aviśuddha-cittād vyavṛttir uktā | aśuddha-citto hi saṃnyasya punaḥ karoti kārayati ca | na tv ayaṃ tathā | antaḥ sukhaṃ āsta ity arthaḥ ||13||
madhusūdanaḥ : aśuddha-cittasya kevalāt saṃnyāsāt karma-yogaḥ śreyān iti pūrvoktaṃ prapañcyādhunā śuddha-cittasya sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa eva śreyān ity āha sarva-karmāṇīti | nityaṃ naimittikaṃ kāmyaṃ pratiṣiddhaṃ ceti sarvāṇi karmāṇi manasā karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity atroktenākartrātma-svarūpa-samyag-darśanena saṃnyasya parityajya prārabdha-karma-vaśād āste tiṣṭhaty eva | kiṃ duḥkhena nety āha sukham anāyāsena | āyāsa-hetu-kāya-vāṅ-mano-vyāpāra-śūnyatvāt | kāya-vāṅ-manāṃsi svacchandāni kuto na vyāpriyante tatrāha vaśī sva-vaśīkṛta-kārya-karaṇa-saṅghātaḥ | kvāste ? nava-dvāre pure dve śrotre dve cakṣuṣī dve nāsike vāg eketi śirasi sapta | dve pāyūpasthākhye adha iti nava-dvāra-viśiṣṭe dehe | dehī deha-bhinnātma-darśī pravāsīva para-gehe tat-pūjā-paribhavādibhir
aprahṛṣyann aviṣīdann ahaṅkāra-mamakāra-śūnyas tiṣṭhati | ajño hi dehatādātmyābhimānād deha eva na tu dehī | sa ca dehādhikaraṇam evātmano 'dhikaraṇaṃ manyamāno gṛhe bhūmāvasāne vāham āsa ity abhimanyate na tu dehe 'ham āsa iti bheda-darśanābhāvāt | saṃghāta-vyatiriktātma-darśī tu sarva-karma-saṃnyāsī bheda-darśanād dehe 'ham āsa iti pratipadyate | ataeva dehādi-vyāpārāṇām avidyayātmany akriye samāropitānāṃ vidyayā bādha eva sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa ity ucyate | etasmād evājña-vailakṣaṇyādy-uktaṃ viśeṣaṇaṃ nava-dvāre pure āsta iti |
nanu dehādi-vyāpārāṇām ātmany āropitānāṃ nau-vyāpārāṇāṃ tīrastha-vṛkṣa iva vidyayā bādhe 'pi sva-vyāpāreṇātmanaḥ kartṛtvaṃ dehādi-vyāpāreṣu kārayitṛtvaṃ ca syād iti nety āha naiva kurvan na kārayan | āsta iti sambandhaḥ ||13||
viśvanāthaḥ : ato 'nāsaktaḥ karmāṇi kurvann api jñeyaḥ sa nitya-saṃnyāsī iti pūrvoktavad vastutaḥ saṃnyāsī evocyate tatrāha sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasya kāyādi-vyāpāreṇa bahiḥ kurvann api vaśī jitendriyaḥ sukham āste | kutra ? nava-dvāre pure ahaṃ-bhāva-śūnye dehe dehy utpanna-jñāno jīvo naiva kurvann iti karma-sukhasya vastutaḥ kartṛtvaṃ naivāstīti jānan, na kārayann iti nāpi teṣu prayojana-kartṛtvam ity api jānann ity arthaḥ ||13||
baladevaḥ : sarveti | vivekatā manasā tādṛśi pradhāne sarva-karmāṇi saṃnyasyārpayitvā dehādinā bahis tāni kurvann api vaśī jitendriyaḥ sukhaṃ āste | nava-dvāre pure puravad ahaṃ-bhāva-varjite dehe dve netre dve nāsike dve śrotre mukhaṃ ceti śirasi sapta dvārāṇi adhastāt tu pāyūpasthākhye dve iti nava-dvārāṇi dehī labdha-jñānojīvaḥ | naiveti dehādi-viviktasyātmanaḥ karmasu kartṛtvaṃ kārayitṛtvaṃ ca nāstīti vijānann ity arthaḥ ||13||
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BhG 5.14
na kartṛtvaṃ na karmāṇi lokasya sṛjati prabhuḥ |
na karma-phala-saṃyogaṃ svabhāvas tu pravartate ||14||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu eṣa hy evainaṃ sādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam ebhyo lokebhya unninīṣate | eṣa asādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam adho ninīṣate ity-ādi-śruteḥ parameśvareṇaiva śubhāśubha-phaleṣu karmasu kartṛtvena prayujyamāno 'svatantraḥ puruṣaḥ kathaṃ tāni karmāṇi tyajet ? īśvareṇaiva jñāna-mārge prayujyamāṇaḥ śubhāśubhani ca tyakṣyatīti cet ? evaṃ sati vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇyābhyām īśvarasyāpi prayojaka-kartṛtvāt puṇya-pāpa-sambandhaḥ syād ity āśaṅkyāha na kartṛtvam iti dvābhyām | prabhur īśvaro jīva-lokasya kartṛtvādikaṃ na sṛjati, kintu jīvasya svabhāvo 'vidyaiva kartṛtvādi-rūpeṇa pravartate | anādy-avidyā-kāma-vaśāt pravṛtti-svabhāvaṃ jīva-lokam īśvaraḥ karmasu niyuṅkte | na tu svayam eva kartṛtvādikam utpādayatīty arthaḥ ||14||
madhusūdanaḥ : devadattasya svagataiva gatir yathā sthitau satyāṃ na bhavati evam ātmano 'pi kartṛtvaṃ kārayitṛtvam na svagatam eva sat-saṃnyāse sati na bhavati, athavā nabhasi tala-malinatādivad vastu-vṛttyā tatra nāsty eveti sandehāpohāyāha na kartṛtvam iti | lokasya dehādeḥ kartṛtvaṃ prabhur ātmā svāmī na sṛjati tvaṃ kurv iti niyogena tasya kārayitā na bhavatīty arthaḥ | nāpi lokasya karmāṇīpsitatamāni ghaṭādīni svayaṃ sṛjati kartāpi na bhavatīty arthaḥ | nāpi lokasya karma kṛtavatas tat-phala-sambandhaṃ sṛjati bhojayitāpi bhoktāpi na bhavatīty arthaḥ | na samānaḥ sann ubhau lokāv anusaṃcarati dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva sadhīḥ ity ādi śruteḥ | atrāpi śarīrastho 'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate [Gītā 13.31] ity ukteḥ |
yadi kiṃcid api svato na kārayati na karoti cātmā kas tarhi kārayan kurvaṃś ca pravartata iti tatrāha svabhāvas tv iti | ajñānātmikā daivī māyā prakṛtiḥ pravartate ||14||
viśvanāthaḥ : nanu ca yadi jīvasya vastutaḥ kartṛtvādikaṃ naivāsti, tarhi parameśvara-sṛṣṭe jagati sarvatra jīvasya kartṛtva-bhokṛtvādi-darśanān manye parameśareṇaiva balāt tasya kartṛtvādikaṃ sṛṣṭam | tathā sati tasmin vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇye prasakte, tatra na hi nahīty āha na kartṛtvam iti | nāpi tat-kartṛtvena karmāṇy api, na ca karma-phalair bhogaiḥ saṃyogam api, kintu jīvasya svabhāvo 'nādy-avidyaiva pravartate | taṃ jīvaṃ kartṛtvādy-abhimānam ārohayitum iti bhāvaḥ ||14||
baladevaḥ : etad dvayaṃ śuddhasya nāstīti viśadayati neti | prabhur dehendriyādīnāṃ svāmī jīvo lokasya janasya kartṛtvaṃ na sṛjatīti tvaṃ kurv iti kārayitā na bhavati | nāpi tasyepsitatamāni karmāṇi mālyāmbarādīni sṛjatīti svayaṃ kartāpi na bhavati | na ca karma-phalena sukhena duḥkhena ca saṃyogaṃ sambandhaṃ sṛjatīti bhojayitā bhoktā ca na bhavatīty arthaḥ | yady evaṃ, tarhi kaḥ kārayan kurvaṃś ca pratīyate ? tatrāha svabhāvas tv iti | anādi-pravṛttā pradhāna-vāsanātra svabhāva-śabdenokta-prādhānika-dehādimān jīvaḥ kārayitā kartā ceti na viviktasya tattvam iti | śuddhe 'pi kiṃcit kartṛtvam asty eva pūrvatra sukhāsane tattvasyokteḥ bhānādāv ivaitad bodhyaṃ, dhātv-arthaḥ khalu kriyā, tan-mukhyatvaṃ hi kartṛtvam uktam ||14||
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BhG 5.15
nādatte kasya cit pāpaṃ na caiva sukṛtaṃ vibhuḥ |
ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ tena muhyanti jantavaḥ ||15||
śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmāt nādatta iti | prayojako 'pi san prabhuḥ kasyacit pāpaṃ sukṛtaṃ ca naivādatte na bhajate | tatra hetuḥ - vibhuḥ paripūrṇaḥ | āpta-kāma ity arthaḥ | yadi hi svārtha-kāmanayā kārayet tarhi tathā syāt | na tv etad asti | āpta-kāmasyaivācintya-nija-māyayā tat-tat-pūrva-karmānusāreṇa pravartakatvāt |
nanu bhaktān anugṛhṇato 'bhaktān nigṛhṇataś ca vaiṣamyopalambhāt katham āpta-kāmatvam iti ? ata āha ajñāneneti | nigraho 'pi daṇḍa-rūpo 'nugraha eveti | evam ajñānena sarvatra samaḥ parameśvara ity evaṃbhūtaṃ jñānam āvṛtam | tena hetunā jantavo jīvā muhyanti | bhagavati vaiṣamyaṃ manyanta ity arthaḥ ||15||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanv īśvaraḥ kārayitā jīvaḥ kartā, tathā ca śrutiḥ - eṣa u hy eva sādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam unninīyate | eṣa u evāsādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam adho ninīṣate ity ādiḥ | smṛtiś ca -
ajño jantur anīśo 'yam ātmanaḥ sukha-duḥkhayoḥ |
īśvara-prerito gacchet svargaṃ vāśvabhram eva ca || iti |
tathā ca jīveśvarayoḥ kartṛtva-kārayitṛtvābhyāṃ bhoktṛtva-bhojayitṛtvābhyāṃ ca pāpa-puṇya-lepa-sambhavāt katham uktaṃ svabhāvas tu pravartata iti tatrāha nādatta iti | paramārthataḥ vibhuḥ parameśvaraḥ kasyacit jīvasya pāpaṃ sukṛtaṃ ca naivādatte paramārthato jīvasya kartṛtvābhāvāt parameśvarasya ca kārayitṛtvābhāvāt | kathaṃ tarhi śrutiḥ smṛtir loka-vyavahāraś ca tatrāha ajñānenāvaraṇa-vikṣepā-śaktimatā māyākhyenānṛtena tamasāvṛtam ācchāditaṃ jñānaṃ jīveśvara-jagad-bheda-bhramādhiṣṭhāna-bhūtaṃ nityaṃ sva-prakāśaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-rūpam advitīyaṃ paramārtha-satyaṃ, tena svarūpāvaraṇena muhyanti pramātṛ-prameya-pramāṇa-kartṛ-karma-karaṇa-bhoktṛ-bhogya-bhogākhya-nava-vidha-saṃsāra-rūpaṃ moham atasmiṃs tad-avabhāsa-rūpaṃ
vikṣepaṃ gacchanti jantavo janana-śīlāḥ saṃsāriṇo vastu-svarūpādarśinaḥ | akartr-abhoktṛ-paramānandādvitīyātma-svarūpādarśana-nibandhano 'yaṃ jīveśvara-jagad-bheda-bhramaḥ pratīyamāno vartate mūḍhānām | tasyāṃ cāvasthāyāṃ mūḍha-pratyayānuvādinyāv ete śruti-smṛtī vāstavādvaita-bodhi-vākya-śeṣa-bhūte iti na doṣaḥ ||15||
viśvanāthaḥ : yasmād asādhu-sādhu-karmaṇām īśvaro na kārayitā, tasmād eva na tasya pāpa-puṇya-bhāgitvam ity āha nādatta iti | nādatte na gṛhṇāti | kintu tadīyā khalu yā śaktir avidyā saiva jīva-jñānam āvṛṇoti ity āha ajñānenāvidyayā | jñānaṃ jīvasya svābhāvikam | tena hetunā ||15||
baladevaḥ : nanu yadi viśuddhasya jīvasya tādṛśa-karma-kartṛtvādi nāstīti brūṣe, tarhi kautukākrāntaḥ paramātmā pradhānaṃ tad-gale nipātya tat-pariṇāma-dehendriyādi-matas tasya tad-racitavān ity āpadyate | yuktaṃ caitat | anyathā eṣa u hy eva sādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam ebhyo lokebhya unninīṣate | eṣa u evāsādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam adho ninīṣate iti śrutiḥ |
ajño jantur anīśo 'yam ātmanaḥ sukha-duḥkhayoḥ |
īśvara-prerito gacchet svargaṃ vāśv abhram eva ca ||
iti smṛtiś ca vyākupyet | tathā ca pāpa-puṇya-mayīm avasthāṃ nayati | prayojake tasmin vaiṣamyādikaṃ pāpādi-bhāgitvaṃ ca syād iti cet tatrāha nādatta iti |
vibhur aparimita-vijñānānando 'nanta-śakti-pūrṇaḥ svānandaika-rasikas tato 'nyatrodāsīnaḥ paramātmānādi-pradhāna-vāsanā-nibandhaṃ bubhukṣuṃ sva-sannidhi-mātra-pariṇata-pradhāna-maya-dehādimantaṃ jīvaṃ tad-vāsanānusāreṇa karmāṇi kārayan kasyacij jīvasya pāpaṃ sukṛtaṃ ca nādatte na gṛhṇāti | evam uktaṃ śrī-vaiṣṇave -
yathā sannidhi-mātreṇa gandhaḥ kṣobhāya jāyate |
manaso nopakartṛtvāt tathāsau parameśvaraḥ ||
sannidhānād yathākāśa-kālādyāḥ kāraṇaṃ taroḥ |
tathaivāpariṇāmena viśvasya bhagavān hariḥ || [ViP 1.2.30-1] iti |
audāsīnya-mātre 'yaṃ gandhādi-dṛṣṭānto na tv icchāyā abhāve tasyāḥ | so 'kāmayata iti śrutatvāt | tarhi jīvās taṃ viṣamaṃ kuto vadanti, tatrāha ajñāneneti | anādi-tad-vaimukhyenājñānena jīvānāṃ nityam api jñānam āvṛtaṃ tirohitam | tena hetunā jantavo jīvā muhyanti | samam api taṃ vimūḍhā viṣamaṃ vadanti na vijñā ity arthaḥ | āha caivaṃ sūtrakāraḥ - vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇye na sāpekṣatvāt tathā hi darśayati [Vs 2.1.35], na karmāvibhāgād iti cen nānāditvāt [Vs 2.1.36] iti ||15||
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BhG 5.16
jñānena tu tad ajñānaṃ yeṣāṃ nāśitam ātmanaḥ |
teṣām ādityavaj jñānaṃ prakāśayati tatparam ||16||
śrīdharaḥ : jñāninas tu na muhyantīty āha jñāneneti | bhagavato jñānena yeṣāṃ tad-vaiṣamyopalambhakam ajñānaṃ nāśitam taj jñānaṃ teṣām ajñānaṃ nāśayitvā tat paraṃ paripūrṇam īśvara-svarūpaṃ prakāśayati | yathādityas tamo nirasya samastaṃ vastu-jātaṃ prakāśayati tadvat ||16||
madhusūdanaḥ : tarhi sarveṣām andādy-ajñānāvṛtatvāt kathaṃ saṃsāra-nivṛttiḥ syād ? ata āha jñāneneti | tad-āvaraṇa-vikṣepa-śakti-madanādy-anirvācyam anṛtam anarthavāta-mūlam ajñānam ātmāśraya-viṣayam avidyā-māyādi-śabda-vācyam ātmano jñānena gurūpadiṣṭa-vedānta-mahā-vākya-janyena śravana-manana-nididhyāsana-paripāka-nirmalāntaḥkaraṇa-vṛtti-rūpeṇa nirvikalpaka-sākṣātkāreṇa śodhita-tat-tvaṃ-padārthābheda-rūpa-śuddha-sac-cid-ānandākhaṇḍaika-rasa-vastu-mātra-viṣayeṇa nāśitaṃ bādhitaṃ kāla-traye 'py asad evāsattayā jñātam adhiṣṭhāna-caitanya-mātratāṃ prāpitaṃ śuktāv iva rajataṃ śukti-jñānena śravana-manana-nididhyāsanādi-sādhana-sampannānāṃ bhagavad-anugṛhītānāṃ mumukṣūṇāṃ teṣāṃ taj jñānaṃ kartṛ | ādityavad
yathādityaḥ svodaya-mātreṇaiva tamo niravaśeṣaṃ nivartayati na tu kaṃcit sahāyam apekṣate tathā brahma-jñānam api śuddha-sattva-pariṇāmatvād vyāpaka-prakāśa-rūpaṃ svotpatti-mātreṇaiva sahakāryantara-nirapekṣatayā sa-kāryam ajñānaṃ nivartayat param satya-jñānaānantānanda-rūpam ekam evādvitīyaṃ paramātma-tattvaṃ prakāśayati praticchāyā-grahaṇa-mātreṇaiva karmatām antareṇābhivyanakti |
atrājñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānena nāśitam ity ajñānansyāvaraṇatva-jñāna-nāśyatvābhyāṃ jñānābhāva-rūpatvaṃ vyāvartitam | nahy abhāvaḥ kiṃcid āvṛṇoti na vā jñānābhāvo jñānena nāśyate svabhāvato nāśa-rūpatvāt tasya | tasmād aham ajño mām anyaṃ ca na jānāmīty ādi-sākṣi-pratyakṣa-siddhaṃ bhāva-rūpam evājñānam iti bhagavato matam | vistaras tv advaita-siddhau draṣṭavyaḥ |
yeṣām iti bahu-vacanenāniyamo darśitaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ - tad yo yo devānāṃ pratyabudhyata sa eva tad abhavat tatha rṣīṇāṃ tathā manuṣyāṇāṃ tad idam apy etarhi ya evaṃ vedāhaṃ brahmāsmīti sa idaṃ sarvaṃ bhavati ity ādir yad viṣayaṃ yad-āśrayam ajñānaṃ tad-viṣaya-tad-āśraya-pramāṇa-jñānāt tan-nivṛttir iti nyāya-prāptam aniyamaṃ darśayati | tatrājñāna-gatam āvaraṇaṃ dvividham - ekaṃ sato 'py asattvāpādakam anyat tu bhāto 'py abhānāpādakam | tatrādyaṃ parokṣāparokṣa-sādhāraṇa-pramāṇa-jñāna-mātrān nivartate | anumite 'pi vahny-ādau parvate vahnir nāstīty ādi-bhramādarśanāt | tathā satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ brahmāsti iti vākyāt parokṣa-niścaye 'pi brahma nāstīti bhramo nivartata eva | asty eva brahma kintu mama na bhātīty ekaṃ bhrama-janakaṃ dvitīyam abhānāvaraṇaṃ
sākṣātkārād eva nivartate | sa ca sākṣātkāro vedānta-vākyenaiva janyate nirvikalpaka ity ādy advaita-siddhāv anusandheyam ||16||
viśvanāthaḥ : yathāvidyā tasya jñānam āvṛṇoti, tathaivāparā tasya vidyā-śaktir avidyāṃ vināśya jñānaṃ prakāśayatīty arthaḥ | jñānena vidyā-śaktyā | ajñānam avidyām | teṣāṃ jīvānāṃ jñānam eva kartṛ ādityavad ity-āditya-prabhā yathāndhakāraṃ vināśya ghaṭa-paṭādikaṃ prakāśayati, tathaiva vidyayaivāvidyāṃ vināśya taj-jīva-niṣṭhaṃ jñānaṃ param aprākṛtaṃ prakāśayati | tena parameśvaro na kam api badhnāti, nāpi kam api mocayati | kintv ajñāna-jñāne prakṛter eva dharmaḥ krameṇa badhnāti mocayati ca | kartṛtva-bhoktṛtva-tat-prayojakatvādayor bandhakāḥ | anāsakti-śāntyādayo mocakāś ca prakṛter eva dharmāḥ | kintu parameśvarasyāntaryāmitva eva prakṛtes te te dharmā udbudhyanta ity etad-aṃśenaiva tasya prayojakatvam iti na tasya vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇye
||16||
baladevaḥ : vijñā na muhyantīty etad āha jñāneneti | sarvaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva [Gītā 4.36] iti | jñānāgniḥ sarva-karmāṇi [Gītā 4.37], na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ [Gītā 4.38] iti cokta-mahimnā sad-guru-prasāda-labdhena sva-parātma-viṣayakena jñānena yeṣāṃ sat-prasaṅgināṃ tad-vaimukhyam ajñānaṃ nāśitaṃ pradhvaṃsitaṃ teṣāṃ taj-jñānaṃ kartṛ paraṃ prakāśayati | dehādeḥ paraṃ jīvaṃ vaiṣamyādi-doṣāt param īśvaraṃ ca bodhayati | ādityavat yathā ravir udita eva tamo nirasyan yathāvad vastu pradarśayati, tathā sad-gurūpadeśa-labdham ātma-jñānaṃ yathāvad ātma-vastv iti | atra vinaṣṭājñānānāṃ jīvānāṃ bahutvaṃ nigadatā pārtha-sārathinā mokṣe teṣāṃ tad-darśitaṃ aupādhikatvaṃ tasya praty uktaṃ neme janādhipāḥ ity upakramoktaṃ ca tat sopapattikam abhūt ||16||
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BhG 5.17
tad-buddhayas tad-ātmānas tan-niṣṭhās tat-parāyaṇāḥ |
gacchanty apunar-āvṛttiṃ jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣāḥ ||17||
śrīdharaḥ : evaṃbhūteśvaropāsakānāṃ phalam āha tad-buddhaya iti | tasminn eva buddhir niścayātmikā yeṣām | tasminn etātmā mano yeṣām | tasminn eva niṣṭhā tātparyaṃ yeṣām | tad eva param ayamam āśrayo yeṣām | tataś ca tat-prasāda-labdhenātma-jñānena nirdhūtaṃ nirastaṃ kalmaṣaṃ yeṣām | te 'punar-āvṛttiṃ muktiṃ yānti ||17||
madhusūdanaḥ : jñānena paramātma-tattva-prakāśe sati tad-buddhaya iti | tasmin jñāna-prakāśite paramātma-tattve sac-cid-ānanda-ghana eva bāhya-sarva-viṣaya-parityāgena sādhana-paripākāt paryavasitā buddhir antaḥkaraṇa-vṛttiḥ sākṣātkāra-lakṣaṇā yeṣāṃ te tad-buddhayaḥ sarvadā nirbīja-samādhi-bhāja ity arthaḥ | tat kiṃ boddhāro jīvā boddhavyaṃ brahma-tattvam iti boddhṛ-boddhavya-bhāvo hi māyā-vijṛmbhito na vāstavābheda-virodhīti bhāvaḥ |
nanu tad-ātmāna iti viśeṣaṇaṃ vyartham | avidvad-vyavartakaṃ hi vidvad-viśeṣaṇam | ajñā api hi vastu-gatyā tad-ātmāna iti kathaṃ tad-vyāvṛttir iti cet, na | itarātmatva-vyāvṛttau tātparyāt | ajñā hi anātma-bhūte dehādāv ātmābhimānina iti na tad-ātmāna iti vyapadiśyante | vijñās tu nivṛtta-dehādy-abhimānā iti virodhi-nivṛttyā tad-ātmāna iti vyapadiśyanta iti yuktaṃ viśeṣaṇam |
nanu karmānuṣṭhāna-vikṣepe sati kathaṃ dehādy-abhimāna-nivṛttir iti tatrāha tan-niṣṭhā iti | tasminn eva brahmaṇi sarva-karmānuṣṭhāna-vikṣepa-nivṛttyā niṣṭhā sthitir yeṣāṃ te tan-niṣṭhāḥ | sarva-karma-saṃnyāsena tad-eka-vicāra-parā ity arthaḥ | phala-rāge sati kathaṃ tat-sādhana-bhūta-karma-tyāga iti tatrāha tat-parāyaṇāḥ | tad eva param ayanaṃ prāptavyaṃ yeṣāṃ te tat-parāyaṇāḥ | sarvato viraktā ity arthaḥ |
atra tad-buddhaya ity anena sākṣātkāra uktaḥ | tad-ātmāna ity anātmābhimā-rūpa-viparīta-bhāva-nivṛtti-phalako vedānta-vicāraḥ śravaṇa-manana-paripāka-rūpaḥ | tat-parāyaṇā ity anena vairāgya-prakarṣaṃ ity uttarottarasya pūrva-pūrva-hetutvaṃ draṣṭavyam | ukta-viśeṣaṇā yatayo gacchanty apunar-āvṛttiṃ punar-deha-sambandhābhāva-rūpāṃ muktiṃ prāpnuvanti | sakṛn muktānām api punar deha-sambandhaḥ kuto na syād iti tatrāha jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣāḥ jñānena nirdhūtaṃ samūlam unmūlitaṃ punar-deha-sambandha-kāraṇaṃ kalmaṣaṃ puṇya-pāpātmakaṃ karma yeṣāṃ te tathā | jñānenānādy-ajñāna-nivṛttyā tat-kārya-karma-kṣaye tan-mūlakaṃ punar deha-grahaṇaṃ kathaṃ bhaved iti bhāvaḥ ||17||
viśvanāthaḥ : kintu vidyā jīvātma-jñānam eva prakāśayati, na tu paramātma-jñānaṃ bhaktyāham ekayā grāhyaḥ iti bhagavad-ukteḥ | tasmāt paramātma-jñānārthaṃ jñānibhir api punar viśeṣato bhaktiḥ kāryā ity ata āha tad-buddhaya iti | tat-padena pūrvam upakrānto vibhuḥ parāmṛśyate | tasmin parameśvara eva buddhir yeṣām te tam-manana-parā ity arthaḥ | tad-ātmānas tan-manaskās tam eva dhyāyanta ity arthaḥ | tan-niṣṭhāḥ jñānaṃ mayi saṃnyaset iti bhagavad-ukteḥ | dehādy-atiriktātmma-jñāne 'pi sāttvike niṣṭhāṃ parityajya tad-eka-niṣṭhāḥ | tat-parāyaṇās tadīya-śravaṇa-kīrtana-parāḥ | yad vakṣyate -
bhaktyā mām abhijānāti yāvān yaś cāsmi tattvataḥ |
tato māṃ tattvato jñātvā viśate tad-anantaram || [Gītā 18.55] iti |
jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣā jñānena vidyāyaiva pūrvam eva dhvasta-samastāvidyāḥ ||17||
baladevaḥ : paramātmany avaiṣamyādi-dhyāyatāṃ phalam āha tad iti | tasmiṃs tad-avaiṣamyādike guṇa-gaṇe buddhir niścayātmikā yeṣāṃ te | tad-ātmānas tasmin niviṣṭa-manasaḥ tan-niṣṭhās tat-tātparyavantas tat-parāyaṇās tat-samāśrayāḥ | evam abhyastena tad-vaiṣamyādi-guṇa-jñānena nirdhūta-kalmaṣā vinaṣṭa-tad-vaimukhyāḥ santa apunar-āvṛttiṃ muktiṃ gacchantīti ||17||
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BhG 5.18
vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanne brāhmaṇe gavi hastini |
śuni caiva śvapāke ca paṇḍitāḥ sama-darśinaḥ ||18||
śrīdharaḥ : kīdṛśās te jñānino ye 'punar-āvṛttiṃ gacchantīty apekṣāyām āha vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanna iti | viṣameṣv api samaṃ brahmaiva draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te paṇḍitāḥ | jñānina ity arthaḥ | atra vidyā-vinayābhyāṃ yukte brāhmaṇe ca | śuno yaḥ pacati tasmin śvapāke ca iti karmaṇā vaiṣamyam | gavi hastini śuni ceti jātito vaiṣamyaṃ darśitam ||18||
madhusūdanaḥ : deha-pātād ūrdhvaṃ videha-kaivalya-rūpaṃ jñāna-phalam uktvā prārabdha-karma-vaśāt saty api dehe jīvan-mukti-rūpaṃ tat-phalam āha vidyeti | vidyā vedārtha-parijñānaṃ brahma-vidyā vā | vinayo nirahaṅkāratvam anauddhatyam iti yāvat | tābhyāṃ saṃpanne brahma-vidi vinīte ca brāhmaṇe sāttvike sarvottame | tathā gavi saṃskāra-hīnāyāṃ rājasyāṃ madhyamāyāṃ | tathā hastini śuni śvapāke cātyanta tāmase sarvādhame 'pi | sattvādi-guṇais taj-jaiś ca saṃskārair aspṛṣṭam eva samaṃ brahma draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te sama-darśinaḥ | paṇḍitā jñāninaḥ | yathā gaṅgā-toye taḍāge surāyāṃ mūtre vā pratibimbitasyādityasya na tad-guṇa-doṣa-sambandhas tathā brahmaṇo 'pi cid-ābhāsa-dvārā pratibimbitasya nopādhi-gata-guṇa-doṣa-sambandha iti pratisandadhānāḥ
sarvatra sama-dṛṣṭyaiva rāga-dveṣa-rāhityena paramānanda-sphūrtyā jīvan-muktim anubhavantīty arthaḥ ||18||
viśvanāthaḥ : tataś ca guṇātītānāṃ teṣāṃ guṇa-maye vastu-mātra eva tāratamya-mayaṃ viśeṣam ajighṛkṣūṇāṃ sama-buddhir eva syād ity āha vidyeti | brāhmaṇe gavīti sāttvika-jātitvāt | hastini madhyame | śuni ca śvapāke ceti tāmas-jātitvād adhame 'pi tat-tad-viśeṣāgrahaṇāt sama-darśinaḥ paṇḍitā guṇātītāḥ | viśeṣāgrahaṇam eva samaṃ guṇātītaṃ brahma | tad draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te ||18||
baladevaḥ : tān stauti vidyeti | tādṛśe brāhmaṇe śvapāke ceti karmaṇaitau viṣamau gavi hastini śuni ceti jātyaite viṣamāḥ | evaṃ viṣamatayā sṛṣṭeṣu brāhmaṇādiṣu ye paramātmānaṃ samaṃ paśyanti, ta eva paṇḍitāḥ | tat-karmānusāriṇī tena teṣāṃ tathā tathā sṛṣṭiḥ, na tu rāga-dveṣānusāriṇīti parjanyavat sarvatra samaḥ paramātmeti ||18||
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BhG 5.19
ihaiva tair jitaḥ sargo yeṣāṃ sāmye sthitaṃ manaḥ |
nirdoṣaṃ hi samaṃ brahma tasmād brahmaṇi te sthitāḥ ||19||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu viṣamesu sama-darśanaṃ niṣiddhaṃ kurvanto 'pi kathaṃ te paṇḍitāḥ ? yathāha gautamaḥ samāsam ābhyāṃ viṣama-same pūjātaḥ iti | asyārthaḥ samāya pūjayā viṣame prakāre kṛte sati viṣamāya ca same prakāre kṛte sati sa pūjaka iha lokāt para-lokāc ca hīyata iti | tatrāha ihaiveti | ihaiva jīvadbhir eva taiḥ | sṛjyate iti sargaḥ saṃsāraḥ | jito nirastaḥ | kaiḥ ? yeṣāṃ manaḥ sāmye samatve sthitaṃ | tatra hetuḥ -- hi yasmād brahma samaṃ nirdoṣaṃ ca tasmāt te sama-darśino brahmaṇy eva sthitāḥ | brahma-bhāvaṃ prāptā ity arthaḥ | gautamoktas tu doṣo brahma-bhāva-prāpteḥ pūrvam eva | pūjāta iti pūjakāvasthāśravaṇāt ||19||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu sāttvika-rājasa-tāmaseṣu svabhāva-viṣameṣu prāṇiṣu samatva-darśanaṃ dharma-śāstra-niṣiddham | tathā ca tasyānnam abhojyam ity upakramya gautamaḥ smarati samāsam ābhyāṃ viṣama-same pūjāta iti | samāsam ābhyām iti caturthī-dvi-vacanam | viṣama-sama iti dvandvaikavad bhāvena saptamy-eka-vacanam | catur-veda-pāragāṇām atyanta-sadācārāṇāṃ yādṛśo vastrālaṅkārānnādi-dāna-puraḥsaraḥ pūjā-viśesaḥ kriyate tat-samāyaivānyasmai caturveda-pāragāya sad-ācārāya viṣame tad-apekṣayā nyūne pūjā-prakāre kṛte | tathālpa-vedānāṃ hīnācārāṇāṃ yādṛśo hīna-sādhanaḥ pūjā-prakāraḥ kriyate tādṛśāyaivāsamāya pūrvokta-veda-pāraga-sad-ācāra-brāhmaṇāpekṣayā hīnāya tādṛśa-hīna-pūjādhike mukhya-pūjā-same pūjā-prakāre
kṛte, uttamasya hīnatayā hīnasyottamatayā pūjāto hetos tasya pūjayitur annam abhojyaṃ bhavatīty arthaḥ | pūjayitā pratipatti-viśesam akurvan dhanād dharmāc ca hīyata iti ca doṣāntaram | yadyapi yatīnāṃ niṣparigrahāṇāṃ pākābhāvād dhanābhāvāc cābhojyānnatvaṃ dhana-hīnatvaṃ ca svata eva vidyate tathāpi dharma-hānir doso bhavaty eva | abhojyānnatvaṃ cāśucitvena pāptpatty-upalakṣaṇam | tapo-dhanānāṃ ca tapa eva dhanam iti tad-dhānir api dūṣaṇaṃ bhavaty eveti kathaṃ sama-darśinaḥ paṇḍitā jīvan-muktā iti prāpte pariharati ihaiveti |
taiḥ sama-darśibhiḥ paṇḍitair ihaiva jīvana-daśāyām eva jito 'tikrāntaḥ sargaḥ sṛjyata iti vyutpattyā dvaita-prapañcaḥ | deha-pātād ūrdhvam atikramitavya iti kim u vaktavyam ? kaiḥ ? yeṣāṃ sāmye sarva-bhūteṣu viṣameṣv api vartamānasya brahmaṇaḥ sama-bhāve sthitaṃ niścalaṃ manaḥ | hi yasmān nirdoṣaṃ samaṃ sarva-vikāra-śūnyaṃ kūṭastha-nityam ekaṃ ca brahma tasmāt te brahmaṇy eva sthitāḥ |
ayaṃ bhāvaḥ | duṣṭatvam hi dvedhā bhavati aduṣṭasyāpi duṣṭa-sambandhāt svato duṣṭatvād vā | yathā gaṅgodakasya mūtra-garta-pātāt | svata eva vā yathā mūtrādeḥ | tatra doṣavatsu śvapākādiṣu sthitaṃ doṣair duṣyati brahmeti mūḍhair vibhāvyamānam api sarva-doṣāsaṃsṛṣṭam eva brahma vyomavad asaṅgatvāt | asaṅgo hy ayaṃ puruṣaḥ |
sūryo yathā sarva-lokasya cakṣur
na lipyate cākṣuṣair bāhya-doṣaiḥ |
ekas tathā sarva-bhūtāntarātmā
na lipyate loka-duḥkhena bāhyaḥ || iti śruteḥ |
nāpi kāmādi-dharmavattayā svata eva kaluṣitaṃ kāmāder antaḥkaraṇa-dharmatvasya śruti-smṛti-siddhatvāt | tasmān nirdoṣa-brahma-rūpā yatayo jīvan-muktā abhojyānnādi-doṣa-duṣṭāś ceti vyāhṛtam | smṛtis tv avidvad-gṛhastha-viṣayaiva | tasyānna-bhojyam ity upakramāt | pūjāta iti madhye nirdeśāt | dhanād dharmāc ca hīyata ity upasaṃhārāc ceti draṣṭavyam ||19||
viśvanāthaḥ : sama-dṛṣṭitvaṃ stauti | ihaiva iha loka eva sṛjyata iti sargaḥ saṃsāro jitaḥ parābhūtaḥ ||19||
baladevaḥ : iheti | iha sādhana-daśāyām eva taiḥ sargaḥ saṃsāro jitaḥ parābhūtaḥ | kaiḥ ? yeṣāṃ manaḥ sāmye 'vaiṣamyākhye brahma-dharme sthitaṃ niviṣṭam | kuto brahmāviṣamam ? tatrāha nirdoṣaṃ hīti | hi yato brahmaṇy avaiṣamyādikaṃ niścikyus tasmāt prapañce tiṣṭhanto 'pi te brahmaṇy eva sthitāḥ muktis teṣāṃ sulabhety arthaḥ ||19||
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BhG 5.20
na prahṛṣyet priyaṃ prāpya nodvijet prāpya cāpriyam |
sthira-buddhir asaṃmūḍho brahmavid brahmaṇi sthitaḥ ||20||
śrīdharaḥ : brahma-prāptasya lakṣaṇam āha na prahṛṣyed iti | brahma-vid bhūtvā brahmaṇy eva yaḥ sthitaḥ sa priyaṃ prāpya na prahṛṣyet prakṛṣṭa-harṣavān syāt | apriyam prāpya ca nodvijet na viṣīdatīty arthaḥ | yataḥ sthira-buddhir sthirā niścalā buddhir yasya | tat kutaḥ ? yato 'saṃmūḍho nivṛtta-mohaḥ ||20||
madhusūdanaḥ : yasmān nirdoṣaṃ samaṃ brahma tasmāt tad-rūpam ātmānaṃ sākṣātkurvann āha na prahṛṣyed iti | duḥkheṣv anudvigna-manāḥ sukheṣu vigata-spṛhaḥ ity atra vyākhyātaṃ pūrvārdham | jīvan-muktānāṃ svābhāvikaṃ caritam eva mumukṣubhiḥ prayatna-pūrvakam anuṣṭheyam iti vadituṃ liṅga-pratyayau | advitīyātma-darśana-śīlasya vyatirikta-priyāpriya-prāpty-ayogyāc ca tan-nimittau harṣa-viṣādāv ity arthaḥ |
advitīyātma-darśanam eva vivṛṇoti - sthira-buddhiḥ sthirā niścalā saṃnyāsa-pūrvaka-vedānta-vākya-vicāra-paripākeṇa sarva-saṃśaya-śūnyatvena nirvicikitsā niścitā brahmaṇi buddhir yasya sa tathā labdha-śravaṇa-manana-phala iti yāvat | etādṛśasya sarvāsaṃbhāvanā-śūnyatve 'pi viparīta-bhāva-pratibandhāt sākṣātkāro nodetīti nididhyāsanam āha - asaṃmūḍhaḥ | nididhyāsanasya vijātīya-pratyayānantarita-sajātīya-pratyaya-pravāhasya paripākeṇa viparīta-bhāvanākhya-saṃmoha-rahitaḥ | tataḥ sarva-pratibandhāpagamād brahmavid brahma-sākṣātkāravān | tataś ca samādhi-paripākeṇa nirdoṣe same brahmaṇy eva sthito nānyatreti brahmaṇi sthito jīvan-muktaḥ sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | etādṛśasya dvaita-darśanābhāvāt praharṣodvegau na bhavata ity ucitam eva | sādhakena tu dvaita-darśane vidyamāne
'pi viṣaya-doṣa-darśanādinā praharṣa-viṣādau tyājyāv ity abhiprāyaḥ ||20||
viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ laukika-priyāpriyādiṣv api teṣāṃ sāmyam āha na prahṛṣyed iti | na prahṛṣyet na prahṛṣyati | nodvijet nodvijate | sādhana-daśāyām evam abhyased iti vivakṣayā vā liṅ | asaṃmūḍho harṣa-śokādīnām abhimāna-nibandhanatvena saṃmoha-mātratvāt ||20||
baladevaḥ : brahmaṇi sthitasya lakṣaṇam āha neti | vartamāne dehe sthitaḥ prārabdhākṛṣṭaṃ priyam apriyaṃ ca prāpya na prahṛṣyen na codvijet | kutaḥ ? sthirā svātmani buddhir yasya saḥ | asaṃmūḍho 'nityena dehena nityam ātmānam ekīkṛtya mohaṃ na labdhaḥ | brahmavit tādṛśaṃ brahmānubhavan | evaṃlakṣaṇo brahmaṇi sthito bodhyaḥ ||20||
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BhG 5.21
bāhya-sparśeṣv asaktātmā vindaty ātmani yat sukham |
sa brahma-yoga-yuktātmā sukham akṣayam aśnute ||21||
śrīdharaḥ : moha-nivṛttyā buddhi-sthairye hetum āha bāhya-sparśeṣv iti | indriyaiḥ spṛśyanta iti sparśā viṣayāḥ | bāhyendriya-viṣayeṣv asaktātmānāsakta-cittaḥ | ātmani antaḥ-karaṇe yad upaśamātmakaṃ sāttvikaṃ sukham tad vindati labhate | sa copaśamaṃ sukhaṃ labdhvā brahmaṇi yogena samādhinā yuktas tadaikyaṃ prāpta ātmā yasya so 'kṣayaṃ sukham aśnute prāpnoti ||21||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bāhya-viṣaya-prīter aneka-janmānubhūtatvenātipracalatvāt tad-āsakta-cittasya katham alaukike brahmaṇi dṛṣṭa-sarva-sukha-rahite sthitiḥ syāt | paramānanda-rūpatvād iti cet, na | tad-ānandasyānanubhūta-caratvena citta-sthiti-hetutvābhāvāt | tad uktaṃ vārttike -
apy ānandaḥ śrutaḥ sākṣān mānenāviṣayīkṛtaḥ |
dṛṣṭānandābhilāṣaṃ sa na mandīkartum apy alam || iti |
tatrāha bāhyeti | indriyaiḥ spṛśyanta iti sparśāḥ śabdādayaḥ | te ca bāhyā anātma-dharmatvāt | teṣv asaktātmānāsakta-cittas tṛṣṇā-śūnyatayā viraktaḥ sann ātmani antaḥ-karaṇa eva bāhya-viṣaya-nirapekṣaṃ yad upaśamātmakaṃ sukhaṃ tad vindati labhate nirmala-sattva-vṛttyā | tad uktaṃ bhārate -
yac ca kāma-sukhaṃ loke yac ca divyaṃ mahat sukham |
tṛṣṇākṣaya-sukhasyaite nārhataḥ ṣoḍaśīṃ kalām || iti |
athavā pratyag-ātmani tvaṃ-padārthe yat sukhaṃ svarūpa-bhūtaṃ suṣuptāv anubhūyamānaṃ bāhya-viṣayāsakti-pratibandhād alambhamānaṃ tad eva tad-abhāvāl labhate |
na kevalaṃ tvaṃ-padārtha-sukham eva labhate kintu tat-padārthaikyānubhavena pūrṇa-sukham apīty āha sa tṛṣṇā-śūnyo brahmaṇi paramātmani yogaḥ samādhis tena yuktas tasmin vyāpṛta ātmāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya sa brahma-yoga-yuktātmā | athavā brahmaṇi tat-padārthe yogena vākyārthānubhava-rūpeṇa samādhinā yukta aikyaṃ prāpta ātmā tvaṃ-padārtha-svarūpaṃ yasya sa tathā | sukham akṣayam anantaṃ sva-svarūpa-bhūtam aśnute vyāpnoti sukhānubhava-rūpa eva sarvadā bhavatīty arthaḥ | nitye 'pi vastuny avidyānivṛtty-abhiprāyeṇa dhātv-artha-yoga aupacārikaḥ | tasmād ātmany akṣaya-sukhānubhavārthī san bāhya-viṣaya-prīteḥ kṣaṇikāyā mahā-narakānubandhinyāḥ sakāśād indriyāṇi nivartayet tāvataiva ca brahmaṇi sthitir bhavatīty abhiprāyaḥ ||21||
viśvanāthaḥ : sa ca bāhya-sparśeṣu viṣaya-sukheṣv asaktātmā anāsakta-manāḥ | tatra hetur ātmani jīvātmani paramātmānaṃ vindati sati prāpte yat sukhaṃ tad akṣayaṃ sukham | sa evāśnute prāpnoti, na hi nirantaram amṛtāsvādine mṛttikā rocata iti bhāvaḥ ||21||
baladevaḥ : paurvauttaryeṇa sva-parātmānāv anubhavatīty āha bāhyeti | bāhya-sparśeṣu śabdādi-viṣayānubhaveṣu asaktātmā san yadātmani sva-svarūpe 'nubhūyamāne sukham tadādau vindati, tad uttaraṃ brahmaṇi paramātmani yogaḥ samādhis tad-yuktātmā san yad akṣayaṃ mahad-anubhava-lakṣaṇaṃ sukham tad aśnute labhate ||21||
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BhG 5.22
ye hi saṃsparśajā bhogā duḥkha-yonaya eva te |
ādy-anta-vantaḥ kaunteya na teṣu ramate budhaḥ ||22||
śrīdharaḥ : nanu priya-viṣaya-bhogānām api nivṛtteḥ kathaṃ mokṣaḥ puruṣārthaḥ syāt | tatrāha ye hīti | saṃsparśā viṣayās tebhyo jātā ye bhogāḥ sukhāni | te hi vartamāna-kāle 'pi spardhāsūyādi-vyāptatvād duḥkhasyaiva yonayaḥ kāraṇa-bhūtāḥ | tathādimanto 'ntavantaś ca | ato vivekī teṣu na ramate ||22||
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bāhya-viṣaya-prīti-nivṛttāv ātmany akṣaya-sukhānubhavas tasmiṃś ca sati tat-prasādād eva bāhya-viṣaya-prīti-nivṛttir itītaretarāśraya-vaśān naikam api sidhyed ity āśaṅkya viṣaya-doṣa-darśanābhyāsenaiva tat-prīti-nivṛttir bhavatīti parihāram āha ye hīti | hi yasmād ye saṃsparśajā viṣayendriya-sambandha-jā bhogāḥ kṣudra-sukha-lavānubhavā iha vā paratra vā rāga-dveṣādi-vyāptatvena duḥkha-yonaya eva te | te sarve 'pi brahma-loka-paryantaṃ duḥkha-hetava eva | tad uktaṃ viṣṇu-purāṇe -
yāvataḥ kurute jantuḥ saṃbandhān manasaḥ priyān |
tāvanto 'sya nisvanyante hṛdaye śoka-śaṅkavaḥ || iti |
etādṛśā aḸ na sthirāḥ kintu ādy-anta-vantaḥ | ādir viṣayendriya-saṃyogo 'ntaś ca tad-viyoga evaṃ tau vidyete yeṣāṃ te pūrvāparayor asattvān madhye svapnavad āvirbhūtāḥ kṣaṇikā mithyā-bhūtāḥ | tad uktaṃ gauḍapādācāryaiḥ - ādāv ante ca yat tv asti vartamāne 'pi tat tathā iti |
yasmād evaṃ tasmāt teṣu budho vivekī na ramate pratikūla-vedanīyatvāc ca prītim anubhavati | tad uktaṃ bhagavatā patañjalinā pariṇāma-tāpa-saṃskāra-duḥkhair guṇa-vṛtti-virodhāc ca duḥkham eva sarvaṃ vivekinaḥ [YogS 2.15] iti | sarvam api viṣaya-sukhaṃ dṛṣṭam ānuśravikaṃ ca duḥkham eva pratikūla-vedanīyatvāt | vivekinaḥ parijñāta-kleśādi-svarūpasya na tv avivekinaḥ | akṣi-pātra-kalpo hi vidvān atyalpa-duḥkha-leśenāpy udvijate yathorṇa-tantur atisukumāro 'py akṣi-pātre nyastaḥ sparśena duḥkhayati netareṣv aṅgeṣu tadvad vivekina eva madhu-viṣa-saṃpṛktānna-bhojanavat sarvam api bhoga-sādhanaṃ kāla-traye 'pi kleśānubiddhatvād duḥkhaṃ na mūḍhasya bahuvidha-duḥkha-sahiṣṇor ity arthaḥ | tatra pariṇāma-tāpa-saṃskāra-duḥkhair iti bhūta-vartamāna-bhaviṣyt-kāle
'pi duḥkhānubiddhatvād aupādhikaṃ duḥkhatvaṃ viṣaya-sukhasyoktaṃ, guṇa-vṛtti-virodhāc cety anena svarūpato 'pi duḥkhatvam | tatra pariṇāmaś ca tāpaś ca saṃskāraś ca ta eva duḥkhāni tair ity arthaḥ | itthaṃ-bhūta-lakṣaṇe tṛtīyā | tathā hi - rāgānubiddha eva sarvo 'pi sukhānubhavaḥ | na hi tatra na rajyati tena sukhī ceti sambhavati | rāga eva ca pūrvam udbhūtaḥ san viṣaya-prāptyā sukha-rūpeṇa pariṇamate | tasya ca pratikṣaṇaṃ vardhamānatvena sva-viṣayāprāpti-nibandhana-duḥkhasyāparihāryatvād duḥkha-rūpataiva | yā hi bhogeṣv indriyāṇām upaśāntiḥ paritṛptatvāt tat sukham | yā laulyād anupaśāntis tad duḥkham | na cendriyāṇāṃ bhogābhyāsena vaitṛṣṇyaṃ kartuṃ śakyam | yato bhogābhyāsam anu vivardhante rāgāḥ kauśalāni cendriyāṇāṃ | smṛtiś ca -
na jātu kāmaḥ kāmānām upabhogena śāmyati |
haviṣā kṛṣṇa-vartmaiva bhūya evābhivardhate || iti |
tasmād duḥkhātmaka-rāga-pariṇāmatvād viṣaya-sukham api duḥkham eva kārya-kāraṇayor abhedād iti pariṇāma-duḥkhatvam |
tathā sukhānubhava-kāle tat-pratikūlāni duḥkha-sādhanāni dveṣṭi | nānupahatya bhūtāny upabhogaḥ sambhavatīti bhūtāni ca hinasti | dveṣaś ca sarvāṇi duḥkha-sādhanāni me mā bhūvann iti saṅkalpa-viśeṣaḥ | na ca tāni sarvāṇi kaścid api parihartuṃ śaknoti | ataḥ sukhānubhava-kāle 'pi tat-paripanthinaṃ prati dveṣasya sarvadaivāvasthitatvāt tāpa-duḥkhaṃ duṣparihāram eva | tāpo hi dveṣaḥ | evaṃ duḥkha-sādhanāni parihartum aśakto muhyati ceti moha-duḥkhatāpi vyākhyeyā | tathā coktaṃ yoga-bhāṣya-kāraiḥ - sarvasya dveṣānubiddhaś cetanācetana-sādhanādhīnas tāpānubhava iti | tatrāsti dveṣajaḥ karmāśayaḥ | sukha-sādhanāni ca prārthayamānaḥ kāyena vācā manasā ca parispandate | tataḥ param anugṛṇāty upahanti ceti parānuraha-pīḍābhyāṃ dharmādharmāv
upacinoti | na karmāśayo lobhān mohāc ca bhavati ity eṣā tāpa-duḥkhatocyate | tathā vartamānaḥ sukhānubhavaḥ sva-vināśa-kāle saṃskāram ādhatte | sa ca sukha-smaraṇaṃ, tac ca rāgaṃ, sa ca manaḥ-kāya-vacana-ceṣṭāṃ, sā ca puṇyāpuṇya-karmāśayau, tau ca janmādīti saṃskāra-duḥkhatā | evaṃ tāpa-mohayor api saṃskārau vyākhyeyau |
evaṃ kāla-traye 'pi duḥkhānuvedhād viṣaya-sukhaṃ duḥkham evety uktvā svarūpato 'pi duḥkhatām āha guṇa-vṛtti-virodhāc ca | guṇāḥ sattva-rajas-tamāṃsi sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakāḥ paraspara-viruddha-svabhāvā api taila-varty-agnaya iva dīpaṃ puruṣa-bhogopayuktatvena try-ātmakam ekaṃ kāryam ārabhante tatraikasya prādhānye dvayor guṇa-bhāvāt pradhāna-mātra-vyapadeśena sāttvikaṃ rājasaṃ tāmasam iti triguṇam api kāryam ekena guṇena vyapadiśyate | tatra sukhopabhoga-rūpo 'pi pratyaya udbhūta-sattva-kāryatve 'py anudbhūta-rajas-tamaḥ-kāryatvāt triguṇātmaka eva | tathā ca sukhātmakatvavad duḥkhātmakatvaṃ viṣādātmakatvaṃ ca tasya dhruvam iti duḥkham eva sarvaṃ vivekinaḥ | na caitādṛśo 'pi pratyayaḥ sthiraḥ | yasmāc calaṃ ca guṇa-vṛttam iti kṣipra-pariṇāmi cittam uktam |
nanv ekaḥ pratyayaḥ kathaṃ paraspara-viruddha-sukha-duḥkha-mohatvāny ekadā pratipadyata iti cet, na | udbhūtānudbhūtayor virodhābhāvāt | sama-vṛttikānām eva hi guṇānāṃ yugapad virodho na viṣama-vṛttikānām | yathā dharma-jñāna-vairāgyaiśvaryāṇi labdha-vṛttikāni labdha-vṛttikair evādharmājñānāvairāgyānaiśvaryaiḥ saha virudhyante na tu svarūpa-sadbhiḥ | pradhānasya pradhānena saha virodho na tu durbaleneti hi nyāyaḥ | evaṃ sattva-rajas-tamāṃsy api parasparaṃ prādhānya-mātraṃ yugapan na sahante na tu sad-bhāvam api |
etena pariṇāma-tāpa-saṃskāra-duḥkheṣv api rāga-dveṣa-mohānāṃ yugapat sad-bhāvo vyākhyātaḥ prasupta-tanu-vicchinnodāra-rūpeṇa kleśānāṃ catur-avasthatvāt | tathā hi - avidyāsmitā-rāga-dveṣābhiniveśāḥ pañca-kleśāḥ | avidyā kṣetram uttareṣāṃ prasupta-tanu-vicchinnodārāṇām | anityāśuci-duḥkhānātmasu nitya-śuci-sukhātma-khyātir avidyā | dṛg-darśana-śaktyor ekātmataivāsmitā | sukhanuśayī rāgaḥ | duḥkhānuśayī dveṣaḥ | svarasa-vāhī viduṣo 'pi tathārūḍho 'bhiniveśaḥ | te pratiprasava-heyāḥ sūkṣmāḥ | dhyāna-heyās tad-vṛttayaḥ | kleśa-mūlaḥ karmāśayo dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-janma-vedanīyaḥ | sati mūle tad-vipāko jātyāyur bhogāḥ [YogS 2.3-13] iti pātañjalāni sūtrāṇi | tatrātasmiṃs tad-buddhir viparyayo mithyā-jñānam avidyeti paryāyāḥ
| tasyā viśeṣaḥ saṃsāra-nidānam | tatrānitye nitya-buddhir yathā - dhruvā pṛthivī dhruvā sa-candra-tārakā dyaur amṛtā divaukasa iti | aśucau parama-bībhatse kāye śuci-buddhir yathā naveva śaśāṅkalekhā kamanīyeyaṃ kanyā madhv-amṛtāvayava-nirmiteva candraṃ bhittvā niḥsṛteva jñāyate nīlotpala-patrāyatākṣī hāvagarbhābhyāṃ locanābhyāṃ jīva-lokam āśvāsayatīveti kasya kena sambandhaḥ |
sthānād bījād upaṣṭambhān
niṣyandān nidhanād api |
kāyam ādheya-śaucatvāt
paṇḍitā hy aśuciṃ viduḥ || iti ca vaiyāsaki-ślokaḥ |
etenāpuṇye puṇya-pratyayo 'narthe cārtha-pratyayo vyākhyātaḥ | duḥkhe sukha-khyātir udāhṛtā pariṇāma-tāpa-saṃskāra-duḥkhair guṇa-vṛtti-virodhāc ca duḥkham eva sarvaṃ vivekina iti | anātmany ātma-khyātir yathā śarīre manuṣyo 'ham ity ādiḥ | iyaṃ cāvidyā sarva-kleśa-mūla-bhūtā tama ity ucyate | buddhi-puruṣayor abhedābhimāno 'smitā mohaḥ | sādhana-rahitasyāpi sarvaṃ sukha-jātīyaṃ me bhūyād iti viparyaya-viśeṣo rāgaḥ | sa eva mahā-mohaḥ | duḥkha-sādhane vidyamāne 'pi kim api duḥkham me mā bhūd iti viparyaya-viśeṣo dveṣaḥ | sa tāmisraḥ | āyur-abhāve 'py etaiḥ śarīrendriyādibhir anityair api viyogo me mā bhūd ity āvidvad-aṅganā-bālaṃ svābhāvikaḥ sarva-prāṇi-sādhāraṇo maraṇa-trāsa-rūpo viparyaya-viśeṣo 'bhiniveśaḥ | so 'ndha-tāmisraḥ | tad
uktaṃ purāṇe-
tamo moho mahā-mohas tāmisro hy andha-saṃjñitaḥ |
avidyā pañca-parvaiṣā prādurbhūtā mahātmanaḥ || iti |
ete ca kleśāś catur avasthā bhavanti | tatrāsato 'nutpatter anabhivyakta-rūpeṇāvasthānaṃ suptāvasthā | abhivyaktasyāpi saha-kārya-lābhāt kāryājanakatvaṃ tanv-avasthā | abhivyaktasya janita-kāryasyāpi kenacid balavatābhibhavo vicchedāvasthā | abhivyaktasya prāpta-sahakāri-sampatter apratibandhena sva-kārya-karatvam udārāvasthā | etādṛg avasthā-catuṣṭaya-viśiṣṭānām asmitādīnāṃ caturṇāṃ viparyaya-rūpāṇāṃ kleśānām avidyaiva sāmānya-rūpā kṣetraṃ prasava-bhūmiḥ | sarveṣām api viparyaya-rūpatvasya darśitatvāt | tenāvidyā-nivṛttyaiva kleśānāṃ nivṛttir ity arthaḥ | te ca kleśāḥ prasuptā yathā prakṛti-līnānāṃ, tanavaḥ pratipakṣa-bhāvanayā tanūkṛtā yathā yoginām | ta ubhaye 'pi sūkṣmāḥ pratiprasavena mano-nirodhenaiva nirbīja-samādhinā heyāḥ | ye tu sūkṣma-vṛttayas
tat-kārya-bhūtāḥ sthūlā vicchinnā udāhārāś ca vicchidya vicchidya tena tenātmanā punaḥ prādurbhavantīti vicchinnāḥ | yathā rāga-kāle krodho vidyamāno 'pi na prādurbhūta iti vicchinna ucyate | evam ekasyāṃ striyāṃ caitro rakta iti nānyāsu viraktaḥ kintv ekasyāṃ rāgo labdha-vṛttir anyāsu ca bhaviṣyad-vṛttir iti sa tadā vicchinna ucyate, ye yadā viṣayeṣu labdha-vṛttayas te tadā sarvātmanā prādurbhūtā udārā ucyante, ta ubhaye 'py atisthūlatvāc chuddha-sattva-bhavena bhagavad-dhyānena heyā na mano-niodham apekṣante | nirodha-heyās tu sūkṣmā eva | tathā ca pariṇāma-tāpa-saṃskāra-duḥkheṣu prasupta-tanu-vicchinna-rūpeṇa sarve kleśāḥ sarvadā santi | udāratā tu kadācit kasyacid iti viśeṣaḥ | ete ca bādhanā-lakṣaṇaṃ duḥkham upajanayantaḥ kleśa-śabda-vācyā bhavanti | yataḥ karmāśayo
dharmādharmākhyaḥ kleśa-mūlaka eva | sati ca mūla-bhūte kleśe tasya karmāśayasya vipākaḥ phalaṃ janmāyur bhogaś ceti | sa ca karmāśaya iha paratra ca sva-vipākārambhakatvena dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-janma-vedanīyaḥ | evaṃ kleśa-santatir ghaṭī-yantravad aniśam āvartate | ataḥ samīcīnam uktaṃ ye hi saṃsparśajā bhogā duḥkha-yonaya eva te ādyantavanta iti | duḥkha-yonitvaṃ pariṇāmādibhir guṇa-vṛtti-virodhāc ca ādyantavattvaṃ guṇa-vṛttasya calatvād iti yoga-mate vyākhyā |
aupaniṣadānāṃ tu anādi bhāva-rūpam ajñānam avidyā | ahaṃkāra-dharmy-adhyāso 'smitā | rāga-dveṣābhiniveśās tad-vṛtti-viśeṣā ity avidyā-mūlatvāt sarve 'py avidyātmakatvena mithyā-bhūtā rajju-bhujaṅgādhyāsavan mithyātve 'pi duḥkha-yonayaḥ svapnādivad dṛṣṭi-sṛṣṭi-mātratvenādyantavantaś ceti budho 'dhiṣṭhāna-sākṣātkāreṇa nivṛtta-bhramas teṣu na ramate, mṛga-tṛṣṇikā-svarūpa-jñānavān iva tatrodakārthī na pravartate | na saṃsāre sukhasya gandha-mātram apy astīti buddhvā tataḥ sarvāṇīndriyāṇi nivartayed ity arthaḥ ||22||
viśvanāthaḥ : vivekavān eva vastuto viṣaya-sukhenaiva sajjatīty āha ye hīti ||22||
baladevaḥ : adṛṣṭākṛṣṭeṣu viṣaya-bhogeṣv anityatva-viniścayān na sajjatīty āha ye hīti | saṃsparśajā viṣaya-janyā bhogāḥ sukhāni | sphuṭam anyat ||22||
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BhG 5.23
śaknotīhaiva yaḥ soḍhuṃ prāk śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt |
kāma-krodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ sa yuktaḥ sa sukhī naraḥ ||23||
śrīdharaḥ : yasmān mokṣa eva paramaḥ puruṣārthaḥ | tasya ca kāma-krodha-vego 'tipratipakṣaḥ | atas tat-sahana-samartha eva mokṣa-bhāg ity āha śaknotīti | kāmāt kordhāc codbhavati yo vego mano-netrādi-kṣobhādi-lakṣaṇaḥ | tam ihaiva tad-uttara-samaya eva yo naraḥ soḍhuṃ pratiroddhuṃ śaknoti, tad api na kṣaṇa-mātram | kintu śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt prāk, yāvad-deha-pātam ity arthaḥ | ya evaṃbhūtaḥ sa eva yuktaḥ samāhitaḥ sukhī ca bhavati | nānyaḥ | yad vā maraṇād ūrdhvaṃ vilapantībhir yuvatībhir āliṅgyamāno 'pi putrādibhir dahyamāno 'pi yathā prāṇa-śūnyaḥ kāma-krodha-vegaṃ sahate tathā maraṇāt prāg api jīvann eva yaḥ sahate sa eva yuktaḥ sukhī cety arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ vaśiṣṭhena -
prāṇe gate yathā dehaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ na vindati |
tathā cet prāṇa-yukto 'pi sa kaivalyāśrayo bhavet || iti ||23||
madhusūdanaḥ : sarvānartha-prāpti-hetur durnivāro 'yaṃ śreyo-mārga-pratipakṣaḥ kaṣṭatamo doṣo mahatā yatnena mumukṣuṇā nivāraṇīya iti yatnādhikya-vidhānāya punar āha śaknotīti | ātmano 'nukūleṣu sukha-hetuṣu dṛśyamāneṣu smaryamāṇeṣu vā tad-guṇānusandhānābhyāsena yo raty-ātmako gardho 'bhilāṣas tṛṣṇā lobhaḥ sa kāmaḥ | strī-puṃsayoḥ paraspara-vyatikarābhilāṣe tv atyanta-nirūḍhaḥ kāma-śabdaḥ | etad-abhilāṣeṇa kāmaḥ krodhas tathā lobha ity atra dhana-tṛṣṇā lobhaḥ strī-vyatikara-tṛṣṇā kāma iti kāma-lobhau pṛthag uktau | iha tu tṛṣṇā-sāmānyābhiprāyeṇa kāma-śabdaḥ prayukta iti lobhaḥ pṛthaṅ noktaḥ | evam ātmanaḥ pratikūleṣu duḥkha-hetuṣu dṛśyamāneṣu śrūyamāṇeṣu vā tad-doṣānusandhānābhyāsena
yaḥprajvalanātmako dveṣo manyuḥ sa krodhaḥ | tayor utkaṭāvasthā loka-veda-virodha-pratisandhāna-pratibandhakatayā loka-veda-viruddha-pravṛtty-unmukhatva-rūpā nadī-vega-sāmyena vega ity ucyate | yathā hi nadyā vego varṣāsv atiprabalatayā loka-veda-virodha-pratisandhānenānicchantam api garte pātayitvā majjayati cādho nayati ca, tathā kāma-krodhayor vego viṣayābhidhyānābhyāsena varṣā-kāla-sthānīyenātiprabalo loka-veda-virodha-pratisandhānenānicchantam api viṣaya-garte pātayitvā saṃsāra-samudre majjayati cādho mahā-narakān nayati ceti vega-pada-prayogeṇa sūcitam | etac cātha kena prayukto 'yam ity atra nivṛttam |
tam etādṛśaṃ kāma-krodhodbhavaṃ vegam antaḥkaraṇa-prakṣobha-rūpaṃ stambha-svedādy-aneka-bāhya-vikāra-liṅgam ā-śarīra-vimokṣaṇāc charīra-vimokṣaṇa-paryantam aneka-nimitta-vaśāt sarvadā sambhāvyamānatvenāvisrambhaṇīyam antar utpanna-doṣa-darśanābhyāsajena vaśīkāra-saṃjñaka-vairāgyeṇa soḍhuṃ tad-anurūpa-kāryāsampādanenānarthakaṃ kartuṃ śaknoti samartho bhavati, sa eva yukto yogī, sa eva sukhī, sa eva naraḥ pumān puruṣārtha-sampādanāt | tad-itaras tv āhāra-nidrā-bhaya-maithunādi-paśu-dharma-mātra-ratatvena manuṣyākāraḥ paśur eveti bhāvaḥ |
ā-śarīra-vimokṣaṇād ity atrānyad vyākhyānam - yathā maraṇād ūrdhvaṃ vilapantībhir yuvatībhir āliṅgyamāno 'pi putrādibhir dahyamāno 'pi prāṇa-śūnyatvāt kāma-krodha-vegaṃ sahate, tathā maraṇāt prāg api jīvann eva yaḥ sahate sa yukta ity ādi | atra yadi maraṇavaj jīvane 'pi kāma-krodhānutpatti-mātraṃ brūyāt tadaitad yujyate | yathoktaṃ vaśiṣṭhena -
prāṇe gate yathā dehaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ na vindati |
tathā cet prāṇa-yukto 'pi sa kaivalyāśrame vaset || iti |
iha tūpannayoḥ kāma-krodhayor vega-sahane prastute tayor anutpatti-mātraṃ na dārṣṭānta iti kim atinirbandhena ||23||
viśvanāthaḥ : saṃsāra-sindhau patito 'py eṣa eva yogī eṣa eva sukhīty āha śaknotīti ||23||
baladevaḥ : śaknotīhaiva yaḥ soḍhuṃ prāk śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt | kāma-krodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ sa yuktaḥ sa sukhī naraḥ ||23||
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BhG 5.24
yo 'ntaḥ-sukho 'ntarārāmas tathāntar-jyotir eva yaḥ |
sa yogī brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahma-bhūto 'dhigacchati ||24||
śrīdhara : na kevalaṃ kāma-krodha-vega-saṃharaṇa-mātreṇa mokṣaṃ prāpnoti | api tu yo 'ntaḥ-sukha iti | antarātmany eva sukhaṃ yasya | na viṣayeṣu | antar evārāma ākrīḍā yasya na bahiḥ | antar eva jyotir dṛṣṭir yasya | na gīta-nṛtyādiṣu | sa evaṃ brahmaṇi bhūtaḥ sthitaḥ san brahmaṇi nirvāṇaṃ layam adhigacchati prāpnoti ||24||
madhusūdanaḥ : kāma-krodha-vega-sahana-mātreṇaiva mucyante iti na, kintu yo 'ntar iti |
antar-bāhya-viṣaya-nirapekṣam eva svarūpa-bhūtaṃ sukhaṃ yasya so 'ntaḥ-sukho bāhya-viṣaya-janita-sukha-śūnya ity arthaḥ | kuto bāhya-sukhābhāvas tatrāha antar ātmany eva na tu stry-ādi-viṣaye bāhya-sukha-sādhana ārāma āramaṇaṃ krīḍā yasya so 'ntar-ārāmas tyakta-sarva-parigrahatvena bāhya-sukha-sādhana-śūnya ity arthaḥ |
nanu tyakta-sarva-parigrahasyāpi yater yadṛcchopanataiḥ kokilādi-madhura-śabda-śravaṇa-manda-pavana-sparśana-candrodaya-mayūra-nṛtyādi-darśanāti-madhura-śītala-gaṅgodaka-pāna-ketakī-kusuma-saurabhādy-avaghrāṇādibhir grāmyaiḥ sukhotpatti-sambhavāt kathaṃ bāhya-sukha-tat-sādhana-śūnyatvam iti tatrāha tathāntar-jyotir eva yaḥ | yathāntar eva sukhaṃ na bāhyair viṣayais tathāntar evātmani jyotir vijñānaṃ na bāhyair indriyair yasya so 'ntar-jyotiḥ śrotrādi-janya-śabdādi-viṣaya-vijñāna-rahitaḥ | eva-kāro viśeṣaṇa-traye 'pi sambadhyate | samādhi-kāle śabdādi-pratibhāsābhāvād vyutthāna-kāle tat-pratibhāse 'pi mithyātva-niścayān na bāhya-viṣayais tasya sukhotpatti-sambhava ity arthaḥ |
ya evaṃ yathokta-viśeṣaṇa-sampannaḥ sa yogī samāhito brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahma paramānanda-rūpaṃ kalpita-dvaitopaśama-rūpatvena nirvāṇaṃ tad eva, kalpita-bhāvasyādhiṣṭhānātmakatvāt | avidyāvaraṇa-nivṛttyādhigacchati nitya-prāptam eva prāpnoti | yataḥ sarvadaiva brahma-bhūto nānyaḥ | brahmaiva san brahmāpy eti iti śruteḥ | avasthiter iti kāśa-kṛtsnaḥ iti nyāyāc ca ||24||
viśvanātha - yas tu saṃsārātītas tasya tu brahmānubhava eva sukham ity āha ya iti | antarātmany eva sukhaṃ yasya saḥ | yato 'ntarātmany eva ramate, ato 'ntarātmany eva jyotir dṛṣṭir yasya saḥ ||24||
baladeva - yat prītyā taṃ soḍhuṃ śaktas tad āha yo 'ntar iti | antarvartinānubhūtenātmanā sukhaṃ yasya saḥ, tenaivārāmaḥ krīḍā yasya saḥ | tasminn eva jyotir dṛṣṭir yasya saḥ | īdṛśo yogī niṣkāma-karmī brahma-bhūto labdha-śuddha-jaiva-svarūpo brahmādhigacchati paramātmānaṃ labhate | nirvāṇaṃ mokṣa-rūpaṃ tenaiva tal-lābhāt ||24||
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BhG 5.25
labhante brahma-nirvāṇam ṛṣayaḥ kṣīṇa-kalmaṣāḥ |
chinna-dvaidhā yatātmānaḥ sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ ||25||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca labhanta iti | ṛṣayaḥ samyag-darśinaḥ | kṣīṇaṃ kalmaṣaṃ yeṣām | sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ hite ratāḥ kṛpalavaḥ | te brahma-nirvāṇaṃ mokṣaṃ labhante ||25||
madhusūdanaḥ : mukti-hetor jñānasya sādhanāntarāṇi vivṛṇvann āha labhanta iti | prathamaṃ yajñādibhiḥ kṣīṇa-kalmaṣāḥ | tato 'ntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhayā ṛṣayaḥ sūkṣma-vastu-vivecana-samarthāḥ saṃnyāsinaḥ | tataḥ śravaṇādi-paripākeṇa cchinna-dvaidhā nivṛtta-sarva-saṃśayāḥ | tato nididhyāsana-paripākeṇa saṃyatātmānaḥ paramātmany evaikāgra-cittāḥ | etādṛśāś ca dvaitādarśitvena sarva-bhūta-hite ratā hiṃsā-śūnyā brahma-vido brahma-nirvāṇaṃ labhante |
yasmin sarvāṇi bhūtāni ātmaivābhūd vijānataḥ |
tatra ko mohaḥ kaḥ śoka ekatvam anupaśyataḥ || iti śruteḥ |
bahu-vacanam, tad yo devānāṃ ity ādi-śruty-uktāniyama-pradarśanārtham ||25||
viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ bahava eva sādhana-siddhā bhavantīty āha labhanta iti ||25||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ sādhana-siddhā bahava bhavantīty āha labhanta iti | ṛṣayas tattva-draṣṭāraḥ | chinna-dvaidhā vinaṣṭ-saṃśayāḥ | sphuṭam anyat ||25||
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BhG 5.26
kāma-krodha-viyuktānāṃ yatīnāṃ yata-cetasām |
abhito brahma-nirvāṇaṃ vartate viditātmanām ||26||
śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca kāmety ādi | kāma-krodhābhyāṃ viyuktānām | yatīnāṃ saṃnyāsinām | saṃyata-cittānāṃ jñātātma-tattvānām abhita ubhayato jīvatāṃ mṛtānāṃ ca | na dehānta eva teṣāṃ brahmaṇi layaḥ, api tu jīvatām api vartata ity arthaḥ ||26||
madhusūdanaḥ : pūrvaṃ kāma-krodhayor utpannayor api vegaḥ soḍhavya ity uktam adhunā tu tayor utpatti-pratibandha eva kartavya ity āha kāmeti | kāma-krodhayor viyogas tad-anutpattir eva tad-yuktānāṃ kāma-krodha-viyuktānām | ataeva yata-cetasāṃ saṃyata-cittānāṃ yatīnāṃ yatna-śīlānāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ viditātmanāṃ sākṣāt-kṛta-paramātmanām abhita ubhayato jīvatāṃ mṛtānāṃ ca teṣāṃ brahma-nirvāṇaṃ mokṣo vartate nityatvāt, na tu bhaviṣyati sādhyatvābhāvāt ||26||
viśvanāthaḥ : jñātas tvaṃ-padārtha-nāma-prāpta-paramātma-jñānānāṃ kiyatā kālena brahma-nirvāṇa-sukhaṃ syād ity apekṣāyām āha kāmeti | yata-cetasām uparata-manasāṃ kṣīṇa-liṅga-śarīrāṇām iti yāvat, abhitaḥ sarvato-bhāvenaiva vartata eveti brahma-nirvāṇe tasya naivātivilambam iti bhāvaḥ ||26||
baladevaḥ : īdṛśān paramātmāpy anuvartata ity āha kāmeti | yatīnāṃ prayatnavatāṃ tān abhito brahma vartata ity arthaḥ | yad uktaṃ -
darśana-dhyāna-saṃsparśair matsya-kūrma-vihaṅgamāḥ |
svāny apatyāni puṣṇanti tathāham api padmaja || iti ||26||
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BhG 5.27-28
sparśān kṛtvā bahir bāhyāṃś cakṣuś caivāntare bhruvoḥ |
prāṇāpānau samau kṛtvā nāsābhyantara-cāriṇau ||27||
yatendriya-mano-buddhir munir mokṣa-parāyaṇaḥ |
vigatecchā-bhaya-krodho yaḥ sadā mukta eva saḥ ||28||
śrīdharaḥ : sa yogī brahma-nirvāṇam ity ādiṣu yogī mokṣam avāpnotīty uktam | tam eva yogaṃ saṅkṣepeṇāha sparśān iti dvābhyām | bāhyā eva sparśā rūpa-rasādayo viṣayāś cintitāḥ santo 'ntaḥ praviśanti | tāṃs tac-cintā-tyāgena bahir eva kṛtvā | cakṣur bhruvor antare bhrū-madhya eva kṛtvātyantaṃ netrayor nimīlane hi nidrayā mano līyate | unmīlane ca bahiḥ prasarati | tad-ubhaya-doṣa-parihārārtham ardha-nimīlanena bhrū-madhye dṛṣṭiṃ nidhāyety arthaḥ | ucchvāsa-niḥśvāsa-rūpeṇa nāsikayor abhyantare carantau prāṇāpānāv ūrdhvādho-gati-rodhena samau kṛtvā, kumbhakaṃ kṛtvety arthaḥ | yad vā prāṇo 'yaṃ yathā na bhair niryāti yathā cāpāno 'ntar na praviśati, kintu nāsā-madhya eva dvāv api yathā caratas tathā mandābhyām ucchvāsa-niḥśvāsābhyāṃ samau
kṛtveti ||27||
yateti | anenopāyena yatāḥ saṃyatā indriya-mano-buddhayo yasya | mokṣa eva param ayanaṃ prāpyaṃ yasya | ataeva vigatā icchā-bhaya-krodhā yasya | evaṃbhūto yo muniḥ sa sadā jīvann api mukta evety arthaḥ ||27-28||
madhusūdanaḥ : pūrvam īśvarārpita-sarva-bhāvasya karma-yogenāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhis tataḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsas tataḥ śravaṇādi-parasya tattva-jñānaṃ mokṣa-sādhanam udetīty uktam | adhunā sa yogī brahma-nirvāṇam ity atra sūcitaṃ dhyāna-yogaṃ samyag-darśana-syāntaraṅga-sādhanaṃ vistareṇa vaktuṃ sūtra-sthānīyāṃs trīn ślokān āha bhagavān | eteṣām eva vṛtti-sthānīyaḥ kṛtsnaḥ ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāyo bhaviṣyati | tatrāpi dvābhyāṃ saṅkṣepeṇa yoga ucyate | tṛtīyena tu tat-phalaṃ paramātma-jñānam iti vivekaḥ |
sparśān śabdādīn bāhyān bahir bhavān api śrotrādi-dvārā tat-tad-ākārāntaḥ-karaṇa-vṛttibhir antaḥ-praviṣṭān punar bahir eva kṛtvā para-vairāgya-vaśena tat-tad-ākārāṃ vṛttim anutpādyety arthaḥ | yady eta āntarā bhaveyus tadopāya-sahasreṇāpi bahir na syuḥ svabhāva-bhaṅga-prasaṅgāt | bāhyānāṃ tu rāga-vaśād antaḥ-praviṣṭānāṃ vairāgyeṇa bahir gamanaṃ sambhavatīti vadituṃ bāhyān iti viśeṣaṇam | tad anena vairāgyam uktvābhyāsam āha cakṣuś caivāntare bhruvoḥ kṛtvety anuṣajyate | atyanta-nimīlane hi nidrākhyā layātmikā vṛttir ekā bhavet | prasāreṇa tu pramāṇa-viparyaya-viveka-vikalpa-smṛtayaś catasro vikṣepātmikā vṛttayo bhaveyuḥ | pañcāpi tu vṛttayo niroddhavyā iti ardha-nimīlanena bhrū-madhye cakṣuṣo nidhānam | tathā prāṇāpānau samau
tulyāv ūrdhvādho-gati-vicchedena nāsābhyantara-cāriṇau kumbhakeṇa kṛtvā, anenopāyena yatāḥ saṃyatā indriya-mano-buddhayo yasya sa tathā | mokṣa-parāyaṇaḥ sarva-viṣaya-virakto munir manana-śīlo bhavet | vigatecchā-bhaya-krodha iti vīrta-rāga-bhaya-krodha ity atra vyākhyātam | etādṛśo yaḥ saṃnyāsī sadā bhavati mukta eva saḥ | na tu tasya mokṣaḥ kartavyo 'sti | athavā ya etādṛśaḥ sa sadā jīvann api mukta eva ||27-28||
viśvanāthaḥ : tad evam īśvarārpita-niṣkāma-karma-yogenāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhiḥ | tato jñānaṃ tvaṃ-padārtha-viṣayakam | tatas tat-padārtha-jñānārthaṃ bhaktiḥ | tad-uttha-jñānena guṇātītena brahmānubhava ity uktam | idānīṃ niṣkāma-karma-yogena śuddhāntaḥkaraṇasyāṣṭāṅga-yogaṃ brahmānubhava-sādhanaṃ jñāna-yogād apy utkṛṣṭatvena ṣaṣṭhādhyāye vaktuṃ tat-sūtra-rūpaṃ śloka-trayam āha sparśān iti | bāhyā eva śabda-sparśa-rūpa-rasa-gandhāḥ sparśa-śabda-vācyāḥ | manasi praviśya ye vartante tān, tasmān manasaḥ sakāśād bahiṣkṛtya viṣayebhyo manaḥ pratyāhṛtyety arthaḥ | cakṣuṣī ca bhruvor antare madhye kṭvā netrayoḥ sampūrṇa-nimīlane nidrayā mano līyata unmīlanena bahiḥ prasarati | tad-ubhaya-doṣa-parihārārtham ardha-nimīlanena
bhrū-madhye dṛṣṭiṃ nidhāyocchvāsa-niśvāsa-rūpeṇa nāsikayor abhyantare carantau prāṇāpānāv ūrdhvādho-gati-nirodhena samau kṛtvā | yatā vaśīkṛtā indriyādayo yena saḥ ||27-28||
baladevaḥ : atha karmaṇā niṣkāmeṇa viśuddha-manāḥ samuditātma-jñānas tad-darśanāya samādhiṃ kuryād iti sāṅgaṃ yogaṃ sūcayann āha sparśān iti | sparśā śabdādayo viṣayās te bāhyā eva smṛtāḥ santo manasi praviśanti | tāṃs tat-smṛti-parityāgena bahiṣkṛtya viṣayebhyo manaḥ pratyāhṛtyety arthaḥ | bhruvor antare madhye cakṣuś ca kṭvā netrayoḥ saṃnimīlane nidrayā manaso layaḥ | pronmīlane ca bahis tasya prasāraḥ syāt | tad-ubhaya-vinivṛttaye 'rdha-nimīlanena bhrū-madhye dṛṣṭiṃ nidhāyety arthaḥ | tathā nāsābhyantara-cāriṇau prāṇāpānāv ūrdhvādho-gati-nirodhena samau tulyau kṛtvā kumbhayitvety arthaḥ | etenopāyena yatā ātmāvalokanāya sthāpitā indriyādayo yena saḥ | munir ātma-manana-śīlaḥ | mokṣa-parāyaṇo mokṣaika-prayojanaḥ | ato vigatecchādiḥ
| īdṛśo yaḥ sarvadā phala-kālavat sādhana-kāle 'pi mukta eva ||27-28||
__________________________________________________________
BhG 5.29
bhoktāraṃ yajña-tapasāṃ sarva-loka-maheśvaram |
suhṛdaṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ jñātvā māṃ śāntim ṛcchati ||29||
śrīdharaḥ : nanv evam indriyādi-saṃyamana-mātreṇa kathaṃ muktiḥ syāt ? na tan-mātreṇa, kintu jñāna-dvāreṇety āha bhoktāram iti | yajñānāṃ tapasāṃ caiva mama bhaktaiḥ samarpitānāṃ yadṛcchayā bhoktāraṃ pālakam iti vā | sarveṣāṃ lokānāṃ mahāntam īśvaram | sarva-bhūtānāṃ suhṛdaṃ nirapekṣopakāriṇam | antaryāmiṇaṃ māṃ jñātvā mat-prasādena śāntiṃ mokṣam ṛcchati prāpnoti ||29||
vikalpa-śaṅkāpohena yenaivaṃ sāṅkhya-yogayoḥ |
samuccayaḥ krameṇoktaḥ sarvajñaṃ naumi taṃ harim ||
iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ
saṃnyāsa-yogo nāma pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ
||5||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ yoga-yuktaḥ kiṃ jñātvā mucyata iti tadāha bhoktāram iti | sarveṣāṃ yajñānāṃ tapasāṃ ca kartṛ-rūpeṇa devatā-rūpeṇa ca bhoktāraṃ bhoga-kartāraṃ pālakam iti vā | bhuja pālanābhyavahārayoḥ iti dhātuḥ | sarveṣāṃ lokānāṃ mahāntam īśvaraṃ hiraṇyagarbhādīnām api niyantāram | sarveṣāṃ prāṇināṃ suhṛdaṃ pratyupakāra-nirapekṣatayopakāriṇaṃ sarvāntgaryāmiṇaṃ sarva-bhāsakaṃ paripūrṇa-sac-cid-ānanadaika-rasaṃ paramārtha-satyaṃ sarvātmānaṃ nārāyaṇaṃ māṃ jñātvātmatvena sākṣātkṛtya śāntiṃ sarva-saṃsāroparatiṃ muktim ṛcchati prāpnotīty arthaḥ | tvāṃ paśyann api kathaṃ nāhaṃ mukta ity āśaṅkyānirākaraṇāya viśeṣaṇāni | ukta-rūpeṇaiva mama jñānaṃ mukti-kāraṇam iti bhāvaḥ ||29||
aneka-sādhanābhyāsa-niṣpannaṃ hariṇeritam |
sva-svarūpa-parijñānaṃ sarveṣāṃ mukti-sādhanam ||5||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām sva-svarūpa-parijñānaṃ nāma
pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||5||
viśvanāthaḥ : evambhūtasya yogino 'pi jñānina iva bhakty-utthena paramātma-jñānenaiva mokṣa ity āha bhoktāram iti | yajñānāṃ karmi-kṛtānāṃ tapasāṃ ca jñāni-kṛtānāṃ bhoktāraṃ pālayitāram iti karmiṇāṃ jñānināṃ copāsyam | sarva-lokānāṃ maheśvaraṃ mahā-niyantāram antaryāminaṃ yoginām upāsyam | sarva-bhūtānāṃ suhṛdaṃ kṛpayā sva-bhakta-dvārā sva-bhakty-upadeśena hita-kāriṇam iti bhaktānām upāsyaṃ māṃ jñātveti sattva-guṇa-maya-jñānena nirguṇasya mamānubhavāsambhavāt bhaktyāham ekayā grāhyaḥ iti mad-ukteḥ | nirguṇayā bhaktyaiva yogī svopāsyaṃ paramātmānaṃ mām aparokṣānubhava-gocarīkṛtya śāntiṃ mokṣam ṛcchati prāpnoti ||29||
niṣkāma-karmaṇā jñānī yogī cātra vimucyate |
jñātvātma-paramātmānāv ity adhyāyārtha īritaḥ ||
iti sārārtha-darśinyāṃ harṣiṇyāṃ bhakta-cetasām |
gītāsu pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ saṃgataḥ saṅgataḥ satām ||5||
baladevaḥ : evaṃ samādhi-sthaḥ kṛta-svātmāvalokanaḥ paramātmānam upāsyam ucyata ity āha bhoktāram iti | yajñānāṃ tapasāṃ ca bhoktāraṃ pālakam | sarveṣāṃ lokānāṃ vidhi-rudrādīnām api maheśvaram | tam īśvarāṇāṃ paramaṃ maheśvaraṃ [ŚvetU 6.7] ity ādi śravaṇāt | sarva-bhūtānāṃ suhṛdaṃ nirapekṣopakārakam | īdṛśaṃ māṃ jñātvā svārādhyatayānubhūya śāntiṃ saṃsāra-nivṛttim ṛcchati labhate | sarveśvarasya suhṛdaś ca samārādhanaṃ khalu sukhāvahaṃ sukha-sādhanam iti ||29||
niṣkāma-karmaṇā yoga-śiraskena vimucyate |
sa-niṣṭho jñāna-garbheṇety eṣa pañcama-nirṇayaḥ ||
iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ
||5||
pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ sannyāsa-yogaḥ