BhG 1
atha arjuna-viṣāda-yogo nāma prathamo 'dhyāyaḥ |
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bhagavat-śaṅkarācārya-kṛta-bhāṣyam
upodghāṭaḥ
sa bhagavān sṛṣṭvedaṃ jagat | tasya ca sthitiṃ cikīrṣuḥ marīḍyādīn agre sṛṣṭvā prajāpatīn pravṛtti-lakṣaṇaṃ dharmaṃ grāhayāmāsa vedoktam | tato 'nyān ca sanaka-sanandanādīn utpādya nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaṃ dharmaṃ jñāna-vairāgya-lakṣaṇaṃ grāhayāmāsa | dvividho hi vedokto dharmaḥ pravṛtti-lakṣaṇo nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaś ca | jagataḥ sthiti-kāraṇam | prāṇināṃ sākṣād abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-hetur yaḥ sa dharmo brāhmaṇādyair varṇibhir āśramibhiś ca śreyo 'rthibhir anuṣṭhīyamānaḥ | dīrgheṇa kālena anuṣṭhātṝṇāṃ kāmodbhavād dhīyamāna-viveka-jñāna-hetukena adharmeṇa abhibhūyamāne dharme, pravardhamāne ca adharme, jagataḥ sthitiṃ paripipālayiṣuḥ sa ādi-kartā nārāyaṇākhyo viṣṇur bhaumasya brahmaṇo brāhmaṇatvasya cābhirakṣaṇārthaṃ devakyāṃ vasudevād aṃśena kṛṣṇaḥ kila sambabhūva | brāhmaṇatvasya hi rakṣaṇena rakṣitaḥ syād vaidiko dharmaḥ tad-adhīnatvād varṇāśrama-bhedānām |
sa ca bhagavān jñānaiśvarya-śakti-bala-vīrya-tejobhiḥ sadā sampannas triguṇātmikāṃ vaiṣṇavīṃ svāṃ māyāṃ mūla-prakṛtiṃ vaśīkṛtya, ajo 'vyayo bhūtānām īśvaro nitya-śuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhāvo 'pi san, sva-māyayā dehavān iva jāta iva ca lokānugrahaṃ kurvan lakṣyate | sva-prayojanābhāve 'pi bhūtānujighṛkṣayā vaidikaṃ hi dharma-dvayam arjunāya śoka-moha-mahodadhau nimagnāya upadideśa guṇādhikair hi gṛhīto 'nuṣṭhīyamānaś ca dharmaḥ pracayaṃ gamiṣyatīti | taṃ dharmaṃ bhagavatā yathopadiṣṭaṃ veda-vyāsaḥ sarvajño bhagavān gītākhyaiḥ saptabhiḥ śloka-śatair upanibabandha |
tad idaṃ gītā-śāstraṃ samasta-vedārtha-sāra-saṅgraha-bhūtaṃ durvijñayārthaṃ tad-arthāviṣkaraṇāya anekair vivṛta-pada-padārtha-vākya-vākyārtha-nyāyam api atyanta-viruddhānekārthatvena laukikair gṛhyamāṇam upalabhyāhaṃ vivekato 'rtha-nirdhāraṇārthaṃ saṃkṣepato vivaraṇaṃ kariṣyāmi |
tasya asya gītā-śāstrasya saṃkṣepataḥ prayojanaṃ paraṃ niḥśreyasaṃ sa-hetukasya saṃsārasya atyantoparama-lakṣaṇam | tac ca sarva-karma-sannyāsa-pūrvakād ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-rūpād dharmād bhavati | tathā imam eva gītārtha-dharmam uddiśya bhagavataivoktam | sa hi dharmaḥ suparyāpto brahmaṇaḥ pada-vedane [Mbh 14.16.12] ity anugītāsu | tatraiva coktaṃ - naiva dharmī na cādharmī na caiva hi śubhāśubhī [Mbh 14.19.7], yaḥ syād ekāyane līnas tūṣṇīṃ kiṃcid acintayan [Mbh 14.19.1], jñānaṃ saṃnyāsa-lakṣaṇam [Mbh 14.43.26] iti ca | ihāpi cānte uktam arjunāya - sarva-dharmān parityajya mām ekaṃ śaraṇaṃ vraja [Gītā 18.66] iti |
abhyudayārtho 'pi yaḥ pravṛtti-lakṣaṇo dharmo varṇān āśramāṃś coddiśya vihitaḥ sa devādi-sthāna-prāpti-hetur api san, īśvarārpaṇa-buddhyānuṣṭhīyamānaḥ sattva-śuddhaye bhavati phalābhisandhi-varjitaḥ | śuddha-sattvasya ca jñāna-niṣṭhāyogyatā-prāpti-dvāreṇa jñānotpatti-hetutvena ca niḥśreyasa-hetutvam api pratipadyate | tathā cemam evārtham abhisandhāya vakṣyati brahmaṇy ādhāya karmāṇi [Gītā 5.10], yoginaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvātma-śuddhaye [Gītā 5.11] iti |
imaṃ dviprakāraṃ dharmaṃ niḥśreyasa-prayojanam | paramārtha-tattvaṃ ca vāsudevākhyaṃ para-brahmābhidheya-bhūtaṃ viśeṣataḥ abhivyañjayad viśiṣṭa-prayojana-sambandhābhidheyavad gītā-śāstram | yatas tad-artha-vijñānena samasta-puruṣārtha-siddhiḥ | ataḥ tad-vivaraṇe yatnaḥ kriyate mayā ||
BhG 1
iti śaṅkarācārya-kṛte gītā-bhāṣye prathamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||1||
BhG 2
dvitīyo 'dhyāyaḥ
atra ca dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkam ity ārabhya yāvat na yotsya iti govindam uktvā tūṣṇīṃ babhūva ha ity etad-antaḥ prāṇināṃ śoka-mohādi-saṃsāra-bīja-bhūta-doṣodbhava-kāraṇa-pradarśanārthatvena vyākhyeyo granthaḥ | tathā hi -- arjunena rājya-guru-putra-mitra-suhṛt-svajana-saṃbandhi-bāndhaveṣu aham eteṣām mamaite ity evaṃ bhrānti-pratyaya-nimitta-sneha-vicchedādi-nimittau ātmanaḥ śoka-mohau pradarśitau | kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṃkhye ity ādinā | śoka-mohābhyāṃ hy abhibhūta-viveka-vijñānaḥ svata eva kṣatra-dharme yuddhe pravṛtto 'pi tasmād yuddhād upararāma | para-dharmaṃ ca bhikṣā-jīvanādikaṃ kartuṃ pravavṛte | tathā ca sarva-prāṇināṃ śoka-mohādi-doṣāviṣṭa-cetasāṃ svabhāvata eva svadharma-parityāgaḥ pratiṣiddha-sevā ca syāt | sva-dharme pravṛttānām api teṣāṃ vāṅ-manaḥ-kāyādīnāṃ pravṛttiḥ phalābhisaṃdhi-pūrvikaiva sāhaṃkārā ca bhavati | tatraivaṃ sati dharmādharmopacayād iṣṭāniṣṭa-janma-sukha-duḥkhādi-prāpti-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃsāro 'nuparato bhavati | ity ataḥ saṃsāra-bīja-bhūtau śoka-mohau | tayoś ca sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-pūrvakād ātma-jñānāt nānyato nivṛttir iti tad-upadidikṣuḥ sarva-lokānugrahārtham arjunaṃ nimittīkṛtya āha bhagavān vāsudevaḥ--- aśocyān ityādi |
atra kecid āhuḥ-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-pūrvakād ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-mātrād eva kevalāt kaivalyaṃ na prāpyata eva | kiṃ tarhi ? agnihotrādi-śrauta-smārta-karma-sahitāt jñānāt kaivalya-prāptir iti sarvāsu gītāsu niścito 'rtha iti | jñāpakaṃ cāhur asyārthasya -- atha cet tvam imaṃ dharmyaṃ saṃgrāmaṃ na kariṣyasi [Gītā 2.33] karmaṇy evādhikāras te [Gītā 2.47], kuru karmaiva tasmāt tvam [Gītā 4.15] ity ādi | hiṃsādi-yuktatvāt vaidikaṃ karma adharmāya itīyam apy āśaṅkā na kāryā | katham ? kṣātraṃ karma yuddha-lakṣaṇaṃ guru-bhrātṛ-putrādi-hiṃsā-lakṣaṇam atyantaṃ krūram api sva-dharma iti kṛtvā nādharmāya | tad-akaraṇe ca tataḥ sva-dharmaṃ kīrtiṃ ca hitvā pāpam avāpsyasi [Gītā 2.33] iti bruvatā yāvaj jīvādi-śruti-coditānāṃ paśv-ādi-hiṃsā-lakṣaṇānāṃ ca karmaṇāṃ prāg eva nādharmatvam iti suniścitam uktaṃ bhavati -- iti |
tad asat | jñāna-karma-niṣṭhayor vibhāga-vacanād buddhi-dvayāśrayayoḥ | aśocyān ity ādinā bhagavatā yāvat svadharmam api cāvekṣya ity etad-antena granthena yat-paramārthātma-tattva-nirūpaṇaṃ kṛtam, tat sāṃkhyam | tad-viṣayā buddhir ātmano janmādi-ṣaḍ-vikriyābhāvād akartā ātmeti prakaraṇārtha-nirūpaṇād yā jāyate, sā sāṃkhya-buddhiḥ | sā yeṣāṃ jñāninām ucitā bhavati, te sāṃkhyāḥ | etasyā buddher janmanaḥ prāk ātmano dehādivyatiriktatvakartṛtvabhoktṛtvabhoktṛtvādyapekṣo dharmādharma-viveka-pūrvako mokṣa-sādhanānuṣṭhāna-lakṣaṇo yogaḥ | tad-viṣayā buddhiḥ yoga-buddhiḥ | sā yeṣāṃ karmiṇām ucitā bhavati te yoginaḥ | tathā ca bhagavatā vibhakte dve buddhī nirdiṣṭe eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṃkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu iti | tayoś ca sāṃkhya-buddhy-āśrayāṃ jñāna-yogena niṣṭhāṃ sāṃkhyānāṃ vibhaktāṃ vakṣyati purā vedātmanā mayā proktā iti | tathā ca yoga-buddhy-āśrayāṃ karma-yogena niṣṭhāṃ vibhaktāṃ vakṣyati - karma-yogena yoginām iti | evaṃ sāṃkhya-buddhiṃ yoga-buddhiṃ ca āśritya dve niṣṭhe vibhakte bhagavataiva ukte jñāna-karmaṇoḥ kartṛtvākartṛtvaikatvānekatva-buddhy-āśrayayoḥ yugapad-eka-puruṣāśrayatvāsaṃbhavaṃ paśyatā | yathā etad-vibhāga-vacanam tathaiva darśitaṃ śātapathīye brāhmaṇe - etam eva pravrājino lokam icchanto brāhmaṇāḥ pravrajanti [BAU 4.4.22] iti sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaṃ vidhāya tac-cheṣeṇa kiṃ prajayā kariṣyāmo yeṣāṃ no 'yam ātmāyaṃ lokaḥ [BAU 4.4.22] iti | tatraiva ca prāg dāra-parigrahāt puruṣa ātmo prākṛto dharma-jijñāsottara-kālaṃ loka-traya-sādhanam | putraṃ, dvi-prakāraṃ ca vittaṃ mānuṣaṃ dvi-prakāraṃ ca | tatra mānuṣaṃ karma-rūpaṃ pitṛ-loka-prāpti-sādhanaṃ vidyāṃ ca daivaṃ vittaṃ deva-loka-prāpti-sādhanam | so 'kāmayata [BAU 1.4.17] iti avidyā-kāmavata eva sarvāṇi karmāṇi śrautādīni darśitāni | tebhyo vyutthāya, pravrajanti [BAU 4.4.22] iti vyutthānam ātmānam eva lokam icchato 'kāmasya vihitam | tad etad vibhāga-vacanam anupapannaṃ syād yadi śrauta-karma-jñānayoḥ samuccayo 'bhipretaḥ syād bhagavataḥ |
na cārjunasya praśna upapanno bhavati jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te [Gītā 3.1] ity ādiḥ | eka-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvāsaṃbhavaṃ buddhi-karmaṇoḥ bhagavatā pūrvam anuktaṃ katham arjuno 'śrutaṃ buddhā ca karmaṇo jyāyastvaṃ bhagavaty adhyāropayen mṛṣaiva jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te matā buddhiḥ iti |
kiṃ ca -- yadi buddhi-karmaṇoḥ sarveṣāṃ samuccaya uktaḥ syāt arjunasyāpi sa ukta eveti, yac chrāya etayor ekaṃ tan me brūhi suniścitam iti katham ubhayor upadeśe sati anyatara-viṣaya eva praśnaḥ syāt ? na hi pitta-praśamanārthinaḥ vaidyena madhuraṃ śītalaṃ ca bhoktavyam ity upadiṣṭe tayor anyatarat-pitta-praśamana-kāraṇaṃ brūhi iti praśnaḥ saṃbhavati |
athārjunasya bhagavad-ukta-vacanārtha-vivekānavadhāraṇa-nimittaḥ praśnaḥ kalpyeta, tathāpi bhagavatā praśnānurūpaṃ prativacanaṃ deyam -- mayā buddhi-karmaṇoḥ samuccaya uktaḥ kim artham itthaṃ tvaṃ bhrānto 'si -- iti | na tu punaḥ prativacanam ananurūpaṃ pṛṣṭād anyad eva dve niṣṭhā mayā purā proktā iti vaktuṃ yuktam |
nāpi smārtenaiva karmaṇā buddheḥ samuccaye abhiprete vibhāga-vacanādi sarvam upapananam | kiṃ ca -- kṣatriyasya yuddhaṃ smārtaṃ karma sva-dharma iti jānataḥ tat kiṃ karmaṇi ghoro māṃ niyojayasi ity upālambho 'nupapannaḥ |
tasmād gītā-śāstre īṣan-mātreṇāpi śrautena smārtena vā karmaṇā ātma-jñānasya samuccayo na kenacid darśayituṃ śakyaḥ | yasya tv ajñānāt rāgādi-doṣato vā karmaṇi pravṛttasya yajñena dānena tapasā vā viśuddha-sattvasya jñānam utpannaṃ paramārtha-tattva-viṣayam ekam evedaṃ sarvaṃ brahma akartṛ ca iti, tasya karmaṇi karma-prayojane ca nivṛtte 'pi loka-saṃgrahārthaṃ yatna-pūrvaṃ yathā pravṛttiḥ, tathaiva pravṛttasya yat pravṛtti-rūpaṃ dṛśyate na tat karma yena buddheḥ samuccayaḥ syāt | yathā bhagavato vāsudevasya kṣatra-dharma-ceṣṭitaṃ na jñānena samuccīyate puruṣārtha-siddhaye, tadvat tat-phalābhisaṃdhy-ahaṃkārābhāvasya tulyatvād viduṣaḥ | tattvavin nāhaṃ karomīti manyate, na ca tat-phalam abhisandhatte | yathā ca svargādi-kāmārthino 'gnihotrādi-karma-lakṣaṇa-dharmānuṣṭhānāya āhitāgneḥ kāmye eva agnihotrādau pravṛttasya sāmi kṛte vinaṣṭā 'pi kāme tad eva agnihotrādy-anutiṣṭhato 'pi na tat-kāmyam agnihotrādi bhavati | tathā ca darśayati bhagavān - kurvann api na lipyate na karoti na lipyate iti tatra tatra ||
yac ca pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam karmaṇaiva hi saṃsiddhim āsthitā janakādayaḥ iti, tat tu pravibhajya vijñeyam | tat katham ? yadi tāvat pūrve janakādayaḥ tattva-vido 'pi pravṛtta-karmāṇaḥ syuḥ, te loka-saṃgrahārtham guṇā guṇeṣu vartante iti jñānenaiva saṃsiddhim āsthitāḥ, karma-saṃnyāse prāpte 'pi karmaṇā sahaiva saṃsiddhim āsthitāḥ, na karma-saṃnyāsaṃ kṛtavanta ity arthaḥ |
atha na te tattva-vidaḥ | īśvara-samarpitena karmaṇā sādhana-bhūtena saṃsiddhiṃ sattva-śuddhim, jñānotpatti-lakṣaṇāṃ vā saṃsiddhim, āsthitā janakādaya iti vyākhyeyam | etam evārthaṃ vakṣyati bhagavān sattva-śuddhaye karma kurvanti iti | sva-karmaṇā tam abhyarcya siddhiṃ vindati mānavaḥ ity uktvā siddhiṃ prāptasya punar-jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ vakṣyati -- siddhiṃ prāpto yathā brahma ity ādinā ||
tasmād gītā-śāstre kevalād eva tattva-jñānān mokṣa-prāptiḥ na karma-samuccitāt iti niścito 'rthaḥ | yathā cāyam arthaḥ, tathā prakaraṇaśo vibhajya tatra tatra darśayiṣyāmaḥ ||
tatraiva dharma-saṃmūḍha-cetaso mithyā-jñānavato mahati śoka-sāgare nimagnasya arjunasya anyatrātma-jñānād uddharaṇam apaśyan bhagavān vāsudevaḥ tataḥ kṛpayā arjunam uddidhārayiṣuḥ ātma-jñānāyāvatārayann āha -
na śocyā aśocyāḥ bhīṣma-droṇādayaḥ | sad-vṛttatvāt paramārtha-svarūpeṇa ca nityatvāt, tān aśocyān anvaśoco 'nuśocitavān asi te mriyante man-nimittam, ahaṃ tair vinābhūtaḥ kiṃ kariṣyāmi rājya-sukhādinā iti | tvaṃ prajñā-vādān prajñāvatāṃ buddhimatāṃ vādāṃś ca vacanāni ca bhāṣase | tad etat mauḍhyaṃ pāṇḍityaṃ ca viruddham ātmani darśayasi unmatta iva ity abhiprāyaḥ | yasmāt gatāsūn gata-prāṇān mṛtān, agatāsūn agata-prāṇān jīvataś ca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ ātmajñāḥ | paṇḍā ātma-viṣayā buddhir yeṣāṃ te hi paṇḍitāḥ, pāṇḍityaṃ nirvidya [BAU 3.5.1] iti śruteḥ | paramārthatas tu tān nityān aśocyān anuśocasi, ato mūḍho 'si ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.11||
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kutas te aśocyāḥ ? yato nityāḥ | katham ?
na tv eva jātu kadācid ahaṃ nāsam kintv āsam eva | atīteṣu dehotpatti-vināśeṣu ghaṭādiṣu viyad iva nitya eva aham āsam ity abhiprāyaḥ | tathā na tvaṃ nāsīḥ, kintv āsīr eva | tathā neme janādhipā āsan kintv āsann eva | tathā na caiva na bhaviṣyāmaḥ, kintu bhaviṣyāma eva, sarve vayam ato 'smād deha-vināśāt param uttara-kāle 'pi | triṣv api kāleṣu nityā ātma-svarūpeṇa ity arthaḥ | dehābhedānuvṛttyā bahu-vacanam, nātma-bhedābhiprāyeṇa ||BhGS_2.12||
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tatra katham iva nitya ātmeti dṛṣṭāntam āha -
deho 'sya astīti dehī, tasya dehino dehavataḥ ātmano 'smin vartamāne dehā yathā yena prakāreṇa kaumāraṃ kumāra-bhāvo bālyāvasthā, yauvanaṃ yūno bhāvo madhyamāvasthā, jarā vayo-hāniḥ jīrṇāvasthā, ity etāḥ tisro 'vasthāḥ anyonya-vilakṣaṇāḥ | tāsāṃ prathamāvasthā-nāśe na nāśaḥ, dvitīyāvasthopajane na upajana ātmanaḥ | kiṃ tarhi ?avikriyasyaiva dvitīya-tṛtīyāvasthā-prāptiḥ ātmano dṛṣṭā | tathā tadvad eva dehād anyo deho dehāntaram, tasya prāptiḥ dehāntara-prāptiḥ avikriyasyaiva ātmana ity arthaḥ | dhīro dhīmān tatraivaṃ sati na muhyati na moham āpadyate ||BhGS_2.13||
============================== yadyapy ātma-vināśa-nimitto moho na saṃbhavati nitya ātmā iti vijānataḥ, tathāpi śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkha-prāpti-nimitto moho laukiko dṛśyate, sukha-viyoga-nimitto moho duḥkha-saṃyoga-nimitta ca śokaḥ | ity etad arjunasya vacanam āśaṅkaya bhagavān āha -
mātrā ābhiḥ mīyante śabdādaya iti śrotrādīni indriyāṇi | mātrāṇāṃ sparśāḥ śabdādibhiḥ saṃyogāḥ | te śītoṣṇasukha-duḥkha-dāḥ śītam uṣṇaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca prayacchantīti | athavā spṛśyanta iti sparśā viṣayāḥ śabdādayaḥ | mātrāś ca sparśāś ca śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkha-dāḥ | śītaṃ kadācit sukhaṃ kadācit duḥkham | tathā uṣṇam api aniyata-svarūpam | sukha-duḥkhe punaḥ niyata-rūpe yato na vyabhicarataḥ | atas tābhyāṃ pṛthak śītoṣṇayoḥ grahaṇam | yasmāt te mātrā-sparśādayaḥ āgamāpāyinaḥ āgamāpāyaśīlāḥ tasmāt anityāḥ | ataḥ tān śītoṣṇādīn titikṣasva prasahasva | teṣu harṣaṃ viṣādaṃ vā mā kārṣīḥ ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.14||
============================== śītoṣṇādīn sahataḥ kiṃ syād iti śṛṇu ---
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itaś ca śoka-mohau akṛtvā śītoṣṇādi-sahanaṃ yuktam, yasmāt ---
na asato 'vidyamānasya śītoṣṇādeḥ sa-kāraṇasya na vidyate nāsti bhāvo bhavanam astitā ||
na hi śītoṣṇādi sa-kāraṇaṃ pramāṇair nirūpyamāṇaṃ vastu sambhavati | vikāro hi saḥ, vikāraś ca vyabhicarati | yathā ghaṭādi-saṃsthānaṃ cakṣuṣā nirūpyamāṇaṃ mṛd-vyatirekeṇānupalabdher asat | tathā sarvo vikāraḥ kāraṇa-vyatirekeṇānupalabdher asat | janma-pradhvaṃsābhyāṃ prāg ūrdhvaṃ cānupalabdheḥ | kāryasya ghaṭādeḥ mṛd-ādi-kāraṇasya ca tat-kāraṇa-vyatirekeṇānupalabdher asattvam ||
tad-asattve sarvābhāva-prasaṅga iti cet, na | sarvatra buddhi-dvayopalabdheḥ, sad-buddhir asad-buddhir iti | yad-viṣayā buddhir na vyabhicarati, tat sat | yad-viṣayā vyabhicarati, tad asat | iti sad-asad-vibhāge buddhi-tantre sthite | sarvatra dve buddhī sarvair upalabhyete samānādhikaraṇe na nīlotpalavat, san ghaṭaḥ san paṭaḥ, san hastī iti | evaṃ sarvatra | tayor buddhyoḥ ghaṭādi-buddhir vyabhicarati | tathā ca darśitam | na tu sad-buddhiḥ | tasmāt ghaṭādi-buddhi-viṣayo 'san, vyabhicārāt | na tu sad-buddhi-viṣayaḥ, avyabhicārāt ||
ghaṭe vinaṣṭe ghaṭa-buddhau vyabhicarantyāṃ sad-buddhir api vyabhicaratīti cet na | paṭād evapi sad-buddhi-darśanāt | viśeṣaṇa-viṣayaiva sā sad-buddhiḥ |
sad-buddhivat ghaṭa-buddhir api ghaṭāntarā dṛśyata iti cet, na | paṭādau adarśanāt ||
sad-buddhir api naṣṭe ghaṭe na dṛśyata iti cet, na | viśeṣyābhāvāt | sad-buddhir viśeṣaṇa-viṣayā satī viśeṣyābhāve viśeṣaṇānupapattau kiṃ-viṣayā syāt ? na tu punaḥ sad-buddheḥ viṣayābhāvāt ||
ekādhikaraṇatvaṃ ghaṭādi-viśeṣyābhāve na yuktam iti cet, na | idam udakam iti marīcy-ādau anyatarābhāve 'pi sāmānādhikaraṇya-darśanāt ||
tasmād dehāder dvandvasya ca sa-kāraṇasya asato na vidyate bhāva iti | tathā sataś ca ātmano 'bhāvo 'vidyamānatā na vidyate, sarvatrāvyabhicārāt ity avocāma ||
evam ātmānātmanoḥ sad-asatoḥ ubhayor api dṛṣṭaḥ upalabdho 'nto nirṇayaḥ sat sad eva, asat asad eveti, tv anayoḥ yathoktayoḥ tattva-darśibhiḥ | tad iti sarva-nāma sarvaṃ ca brahma, tasya nāma tad iti, tad-bhāvas tattvam, brahmaṇo yāthātmyam | tad draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te tattva-darśinaḥ, tais tattva-darśibhiḥ | tvam api tattva-darśināṃ dṛṣṭim āśritya śokaṃ mohaṃ ca hitvā śītoṣṇādīni niyatāniyata-rūpāṇi dvandvāni vikāro 'yam asann eva marīci-jalavan mithyāvabhāsate iti manasi niścitya titikṣasva ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.16||
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kiṃ punas tat yat sad eva sarvadaiva astīti | ucyate ---
avināśi na vinaṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yasyeti | tu-śabdo 'sato viśeṣaṇārthaḥ | tat viddhi vijānīhi | kim ? yena sarvam idaṃ jagat tataṃ vyāptaṃ sad-ākhyena brahmaṇā sākāśam, ākāśenaiva ghaṭādayaḥ | vināśam adarśanam abhāvam | avyayasya na vyeti upacayāpacayau na yāti iti avyayaṃ tasya avyayasya | naitat sadākhyaṃ brahma svena rūpeṇa vyeti vyabhicarati, niravayavatvāt, dehādivat | nāpy ātmīyena, ātmīyābhāvāt | yathā devadatto dhana-hānyā vyeti, na tu evaṃ brahma vyeti | ato 'vyayasya asya brahmaṇaḥ vināśaṃ na kaścit kartum arhati, na kaścit atmānaṃ vināśayituṃ śaknoti īśvaro 'pi | ātmā hi brahma, svātmani ca kriyāvirodhāt ||BhGS_2.17||
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kiṃ punas tad asat yat svātma-sattāṃ vyabhicaratīti, ucyate -
antaḥ vināśaḥ vidyate yeṣāṃ te antavantaḥ | yathā mṛgatṛṣṇikādau sad-buddhiḥ anuvṛttā pramāṇanirūpaṇānte vicchidyate, sa tasya antaḥ | tathā ime dehāḥ svapnamāyādehādivaca antavantaḥ nityasya śarīriṇaḥ śarīravato 'nāśino 'prameyarya ātmano 'ntavanta iti uktāḥ vivekibhirity arthaḥ | nityasya anāśinaḥ iti na punaruktam | nityatvasya dvividhatvāt lokā, nāśasya ca | yathā deho bhasmībhūto 'darśanaṃ gato naṣṭa ucyate | vidyamāno 'pi yathā anyathā pariṇato vyādhyādi-yukto jāto naṣṭa ucyate | tatra nityasya ṭh anāśinaḥ iti dvividhenāpi nāśena asaṃbandho 'syety arthaḥ | anyathā pṛthivyādivad api nityatvaṃ syāt ātmanaḥ | tat mā bhūditi nityasya anāśinaḥ ityāha | aprameyamya na prameyasya pratyakṣādi-pramāṇaiḥ aparicchādyasyety arthaḥ ||
nanu āgamena ātmā paricchidyate, pratyakṣādinā ca pūrvam | na | ātmanaḥ svataḥsiddhatvāt | sirā hi ātmani pramātari pramitsoḥ pramāṇānveṣaṇā bhavati | na hi pūrvam itthamaham iti ātmānamapramāya pa cāt prameyaparicchādāya pravartate | na hi ātmā nāma kasyacit aprasiddho bhavati | śāstraṃ tu antyaṃ pramāṇam atad-dharmādhyāropaṇa-mātra-nivartakatvena pramāṇatvam ātmanaḥ pratipadyate, na hy ajñātārthajñāpakatvena | tathā ca śrutiḥ --- yat sākṣād aparokṣād brahma ya ātmā sarvāntaraḥ [BAU 3.4.1] iti | yasmād evaṃ nityo 'vikriyaś cātmā tasmād yudhyasva, yuddhād uparamaṃ mā kārṣīḥ ity arthaḥ |
na hy atra yuddha-kartavyatā vidhīyate, yuddhe pravṛtta eva hi asau śoka-moha-pratibaddhaḥ tūṣṇīm āste | ataḥ tasya pratibandhāpanayana-mātraṃ bhagavatā kriyate | tasmād yudhyasva iti anuvāda-mātram, na vidhiḥ ||BhGS_2.18||
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śoka-mohādi-saṃsāra-kāraṇa-nivṛtty-arthaṃ gītā-śāstram, na pravartakam ity etasyārthasya sākṣi-bhūte ṛcau ānināya bhagavān | yat tu manyase yuddhā bhīṣmādayo mayā hanyante aham eva teṣāṃ hantā iti, eṣā buddhir mṛṣaiva te | katham ?
ya enaṃ prakṛtaṃ dehinaṃ vetti vijānāti hantāraṃ hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartāraṃ ya ca enam anyo manyate hataṃ deha-hananena hato 'ham iti hanana-kriyāyāḥ karma-bhūtam | tau ubhau na vijānītaḥ na jñātavantau avivekena ātmānam | hantā ahaṃ, hato 'smy aham iti deha-hananena ātmānam ahaṃ pratyaya-viṣayaṃ yau vijānītaḥ tau ātma-svarūpānabhijñau ity arthaḥ | yasmāt na ayam atmā hanti na hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartā bhavati, na ca hanyate na ca karma bhavatīty arthaḥ, avikriyatvāt ||BhGS_2.19||
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katham avikriya ātmeti dvitīyo mantraḥ --
na jāyate notpadyate, jani-lakṣaṇā vastu-vikriyā na ātmano vidyate ity arthaḥ | tathā na mriyate vā | vā-śabdaḥ cārthe | na mriyate ca iti antyā vināśa-lakṣaṇā vikriyā pratiṣidhyate | kadācic chabdaḥ sarva-vikriyā-pratiṣedhaiḥ saṃbadhyate -- na kadācit jāyate, na kadācit mriyate, ity evam | yasmāt ayam ātmā bhūtvā bhavana-kriyām anubhūya paścāt abhavitā abhāvaṃ gantā na bhūyaḥ punaḥ, tasmāt na mriyate | yo hi bhūtvā na bhavitā sa mriyata ity ucyate lokā | vā-śabdāt na-śabdāc ca ayam ātmā abhūtvā vā bhavitā dehavat na bhūyaḥ | tasmāt na jāyate | yo hi abhūtvā bhavitā sa jāyata ity ucyate | naivam ātmā | ato na jāyate | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt ajaḥ, yasmāt na mriyate tasmāt nityaś ca |
yadyapi ādy-antayor vikriyayoḥ pratiṣedhe sarvā vikriyāḥ pratiṣiddhā bhavanti, tathāpi madhya-bhāvinīnāṃ vikriyāṇāṃ sva-śabdair eva pratiṣedhaḥ kartavyo 'nuktānām api yauvanādi-samasta-vikriyāṇāṃ pratiṣedho yathā syāt ity āha-- śāśvata ity ādinā | śāśvata iti apakṣaya-lakṣaṇā vikriyā pratiṣidhyate | śaśvad-bhavaḥ śāśvataḥ | na apakṣīyate svarūpeṇa, niravayavatvāt | nāpi guṇa-kṣayeṇa apakṣayaḥ, nirguṇatvāt | apakṣaya-viparītāpi vṛddhi-lakṣaṇā vikriyā pratiṣidhyate --- purāṇa iti | yo hi avayavāgamena upacīyate sa vardhate abhinava iti ca ucyate | ayaṃ tu ātmā niravayavatvāt purāpi nava eveti purāṇaḥ na vardhate ity arthaḥ | tathā na hanyate | hantiḥ atra vipariṇāmārthe draṣṭavyo 'punaruktatāyai | na vipariṇamyate ity arthaḥ |
hanyamāne vipariṇamyamāne 'pi śarīrāḥ | asmin mantre ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikārā laukika-vastu-vikriyā ātmani pratiṣidhyante | sarva-prakāra-vikriyā-rahita ātmā iti vākyārthaḥ | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ iti pūrveṇa mantreṇa asya saṃbandhaḥ ||BhGS_2.20||
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ya enaṃ vetti hantāram ityanena mantreṇa hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartā karma ca na bhavati iti pratijñāya, na jāyate ity anena avikriyatvaṃ hetum uktvā pratijñātārtham upasaṃharati--
veda vijānāti avināśinam antya-bhāva-vikāra-rahitaṃ nityaṃ vipariṇāma-rahitaṃ yo veda iti saṃbandhaḥ | enaṃ pūrveṇa matreṇokta-lakṣaṇam ajaṃ janma-rahitam avyayam apakṣaya-rahitaṃ kathaṃ kena prakāreṇa sa vidvān puruṣo 'dhikṛtaḥ hanti hanana-kriyāṃ karoti, kathaṃ vā ghātayati hantāraṃ prayojayati | na kathaṃcit kaṃcit hanti, na kathaṃcit kaṃcit ghātayati iti ubhayatra ākṣepaḥ evārthaḥ praśnārthāsaṃbhavāt | hetv-arthasya ca avikriyatvasya tulyatvāt viduṣaḥ sarva-karma-pratiṣedha eva prakaraṇārtho 'bhipreto bhagavatā | hantes tu ākṣepaḥ udāharaṇārthatvena kathitaḥ | viduṣaḥ kaṃ karmāsaṃbhave hetu-viśeṣaṃ paśyan karmāṇy ākṣipati bhagavān kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ iti |
nanu ukta evātmano 'vikriyatvaṃ sarva-karmāsaṃbhava-kāraṇa-viśeṣaḥ | satyam uktaḥ | na tu sa kāraṇa-viśeṣaḥ, anyatvāt viduṣo 'vikriyād ātmanaḥ | na hi avikriyaṃ sthāṇuṃ viditavataḥ karma na saṃbhavati iti cet, na | viduṣaḥ ātmatvāt | na dehādi-saṃghātasya vidvattā | ataḥ pāriśeṣyāt asaṃhata ātmā vidvān avikriyaḥ iti tasya viduṣaḥ karmāsaṃbhavāt ākṣepo yuktaḥ kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ iti | yathā buddhyādy āhṛtasya śabdādy-arthasya avikriya eva san buddhi-vṛtty-aviveka-vijñānena avidyayā upalabdhā ātmā kalpyate, evam eva ātmānātma-viveka-jñānena buddhi-vṛttyā vidyā asatya-rūpayaiva paramārthato 'vikriya eva ātmā vidvān ucyate | viduṣaḥ karmāsaṃbhava-vacanāt yāni karmāṇi śāstreṇa vidhīyante tāni aviduṣo vihitāni iti bhagavato niścayo 'vagamyate ||
nanu vidyāpi aviduṣa eva vidhīyate, vidita-vidyasya piṣṭa-peṣaṇavat vidyā-vidhānānarthakyāt | tatra aviduṣaḥ karmāṇi vidhīyante na viduṣaḥ iti viśeṣo nopapadyate iti cet, na | anuṣṭheyasya bhāvābhāva-viśeṣopapatteḥ | agnihotrādi-vidhy-artha-jñānottara-kālam agnihotrādi-karma aneka-sādhanopasaṃhāra-pūrvakam anuṣṭheyaṃ kartā aham, mama kartavyam ity evaṃ prakāra-vijñānavato 'viduṣaḥ yathā anuṣṭheyaṃ bhavati, na tu tathā na jāyate ity ādy ātma-svarupa-vidhy-artha-jñānottara-kāla-bhāvi kiṃcid anuṣṭheyaṃ bhavati | kintu nāhaṃ kartā, nāhaṃ bhoktā ity ādy ātmaikatvākartṛtvādi-viṣaya-jñānāt nānyad utpadyate iti eṣa viśeṣa upapadyate | yaḥ punaḥ kartā aham iti vetti ātmānam, tasya mama idaṃ kartavyam iti avaśyaṃbhāvinī buddhiḥ syāt | tad-apekṣayā so 'dhikriyate iti taṃ prati karmāṇi saṃbhavanti | sa ca avidvān ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ iti vacanāt viśeṣitasya ca viduṣaḥ karmākṣepa-vacanāt kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ iti |
tasmāt viśeṣitasya avikriyātma-darśinaḥ viduṣaḥ mumukṣo ca sarva-karma-saṃnyāse eva adhikāraḥ | ata eva bhagavān nārāyaṇaḥ sāṃkhyān viduṣo 'viduṣa ca karmiṇaḥ pravibhajya dve niṣṭhe grāhayati-jñāna-yogena sāṃkhyānāṃ karma-yogena yoginām iti | tathā ca putrāya āha bhagavān vyāsaḥ - dvāv imāv atha panthānau [MahāŚā 241.6] ity ādi | tathā ca kriyā-pathaś caiva purastāt paścāt saṃnyāsaś ca iti | etam eva vibhāgaṃ punaḥ punar darśayiṣyati bhagavān --- atattvavit ahaṃkāra-vimūḍhātmā kartāham iti manyate, tattvavit tu, nāhaṃ karomi iti | tathā ca sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasyāste ityādi ||
tatra kecit paṇḍitaṃ-manyā vadanti --- janmādi-ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikriyā-rahito 'vikriyo 'kartā eko 'ham ātmā iti na kasyacit jñānam utpadyate, yasmin sati sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaḥ upadiśyate iti | tan na | na jāyate ityādi śāstropadeśānarthakya-prasaṅgāt | yathā ca śāstropadeśa-sāmarthyāt dharmādharmāstitva-vijñānaṃ kartuś ca dehāntara-saṃbandha-vijñānam utpadyate, tathā śāstrāt tasyaiva ātmano 'vikriyatvākartṛtvaikatvādi-vijñānaṃ kasmāt notpadyate iti praṣṭavyāḥ te | karaṇāgocaratvāt iti cet, na | manasaivānudraṣṭavyam [BAU 4.4.19] iti śruteḥ | śāstrācāryopadeśa-śama-damādi-saṃskṛtaṃ mana ātma-darśane karaṇam | tathā ca tad adhigamāya anumāne āgame ca sati jñānaṃ notpadyata iti sāhasa-mātram etat | jñānaṃ ca utpadyamānaṃ tad-viparītam ajñānam avaśyaṃ bādhate ity abhyupagantavyam | tac ca ajñānaṃ darśitam hantā aham, hato 'smi iti ubhau tau na vijānīta iti | atra ca ātmanaḥ hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartṛtvaṃ karmatvaṃ hetu-kartṛtvaṃ ca ajñāna-kṛtaṃ darśitam | tac ca sarva-kriyāsv api samānaṃ kartṛtvādeḥ avidyā-kṛtatvam avikriyatvāt ātmanaḥ | vikriyāvān hi kartā ātmanaḥ karma-bhūtam anyaṃ prayojayati kuru iti |
tad etat aviśeṣeṇa viduṣaḥ sarva-kriyāsu kartṛtvaṃ hetu-kartṛtvaṃ ca pratiṣedhati bhagavān vāsudevo viduṣaḥ karmādhikārābhāva-pradarśanārthaṃ vedāvināśinaṃ, kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ ity ādinā | kva punaḥ viduṣo 'dhikāra iti etad uktaṃ pūrvam eva jñāna-yogena sāṃkhyānām iti | tathā ca sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaṃ vakṣyati sarva-karmāṇi manasā ity ādinā ||
nanu manasā iti vacanāt na vācikānāṃ kāyikānā ca saṃnyāsaḥ iti cet, na | sarva-karmāṇi iti viśeṣitatvāt | mānasānām eva sarva-karmaṇām iti cet, na | mano-vyāpāra-pūrvakatvād vāk-kāya-vyāpārāṇāṃ mano-vyāpārābhāve tad-anupapatteḥ | śāstrīyāṇāṃ vāk-kāya-karmaṇāṃ kāraṇāni mānasāni karmāṇi varjayitvā anyāni sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasyed iti cet, na | naiva kurvan na kārayan iti viśeṣaṇāt | sarva-karma-saṃnyāso 'yaṃ bhagavatā uktaḥ mariṣyato na jīvata iti cet, na | nava-dvāre pure dehī āste iti viśeṇānupapatteḥ | na hi sarva-karma-saṃnyāsena mṛtasya tad-dehe āsanaṃ saṃbhavati |
akurvato 'kārayata ca dehe saṃnyasya iti saṃbandho na dehe āste iti cet, na | sarvatra ātmano 'vikriyatvāvadhāraṇāt | āsana-kriyāyāś cādhikaraṇāpekṣatvāt | tad-anapekṣatvāc ca saṃnyāsasya | saṃpūrvas tu nyāsa-śabdo 'tra tyāgārthaḥ, na nikṣepārthaḥ | tasmāt gītā-śāstre ātma-jñānavataḥ saṃnyāsa eva adhikāro na karmaṇīti tatra tatra upariṣṭāt ātma-jñāna-prakaraṇe darśayiṣyāmaḥ ||BhGS_2.21||
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prakṛtaṃ tu vakṣyāmaḥ | tatra ātmano 'vināśitvaṃ pratijñātam | tat kim iveti, ucyate -
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kasmāt avikriya eveti, āha ---
enaṃ prakṛtaṃ dehinaṃ na chindanti śastrāṇi, niravayavatvāt nāvayava-vibhāgaṃ kurvanti | śastrāṇi asy-ādīni | tathā nainaṃ dahati pāvakaḥ, agnir api na bhasmīkaroti | tathā na cainaṃ kledayanti āpaḥ | apāṃ hi sāvayavasya vastuna ādrībhāva-karaṇena avayava-viśleṣāpādane sāmarthyam | tan na niravayave ātmani saṃbhavati | tathā snehavat dravyaṃ sneha-śoṣaṇena nāśayati vāyuḥ | enaṃ tv ātmānaṃ na śoṣayati māruto 'pi ||BhGS_2.23||
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yata evaṃ tasmāt --
yasmāt anyonya-nāśa-hetu-bhūtāni enam ātmānaṃ nāśayituṃ notsahante asyādīni tasmāt nityaḥ | nityatvāt sarvagataḥ | sarva-gatatvāt sthāṇur iva, sthira ity etat | sthiratvāt acalo 'yam ātmā | ataḥ sanātanaś cirantanaḥ, na kāraṇāt kutaścin niṣpannaḥ, abhinava ity arthaḥ |
naiteṣāṃ lokānāṃ paunaruktyaṃ codanīyam, yataḥ ekenaiva lokān ātmanaḥ nityatvam avikriyatvaṃ coktam na jāyate mriyate vā ity ādinā | tatra yad eva ātma-viṣayaṃ kiṃcid ucyate, tad etasmāt lokārthān nātiricyate | kiṃcic chabdataḥ punaruktam, kiṃcid arthataḥ iti | durbodhatvāt ātma-vastunaḥ punaḥ punaḥ prasaṅgam āpādya śabdāntareṇa tad eva vastu nirūpayati bhagavān vāsudevaḥ kathaṃ nu nāma saṃsāriṇām asaṃsāritva-buddhi-gocaratām āpannaṃ sat avyaktaṃ tattvaṃ saṃsāra-nivṛttaye syāt iti ||BhGS_2.24||
============================== kiṃ ca--
avyaktaḥ sarva-karaṇāviṣayatvāt na vyajyata iti avyakto 'yam ātmā | ataeva acintyo 'yam | yad dhi indriya-gocaras tac cintā-viṣayatvam āpadyate | ayaṃ tv ātmā anindriya-gocaratvāt acintyaḥ | ataeva avikāryaḥ, yathā kṣīraṃ dadhyātañcanādinā vikāri na tathā ayam ātmā | niravayavatvāc cāvikriyaḥ | na hi niravayavaṃ kiṃcit vikriyātmakaṃ dṛṣṭām | avikriyatvāt avikāryo 'yam ātmā ucyate | tasmāt evaṃ yathokta-prakāreṇa enam ātmānaṃ viditvā tvaṃ na anuśocitum arhasi hantāham eṣām, mayaite hanyanta iti ||BhGS_2.25||
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ātmano 'nityatvam abhyupagamya idam ucyate ---
atha ca iti abhyupagamārthaḥ | enaṃ prakṛtam ātmānaṃ nitya-jātaṃ loka-prasiddhayā praty aneka-śarīrotpatti jāto jāta iti manyase | tathā prati-tat-tad-vināśaṃ nityaṃ vā manyase mṛtaṃ mṛto mṛta iti | tathāpi tathābhāve 'py ātmani tvaṃ mahābāho, na evaṃ śocitum arhasi, janmavato nāśo nāśavato janma cety etāv avaśyaṃbhāvināv iti ||BhGS_2.26||
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tathā ca sati--
jātasya hi labdha-janmanaḥ dhruvo 'vyabhicārī mṛtyur maraṇaṃ dhruva janma mṛtasya ca | tasmād aparihāryo 'yaṃ janma-maraṇa-lakṣaṇo 'rthaḥ | tasminn aparihārye 'rthe na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi ||BhGS_2.27||
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kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātātma-kānyapi bhūtāny uddiśya śoko na yuktaḥ kartum, yataḥ-
avyaktādīny avyaktam adarśanam anupalabdhiḥ ādir yeṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ putra-mitrādi-kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātātmakānāṃ tāni avyaktadīni bhūtāni prāg-utpatteḥ, utpannāni ca prāṅ-maraṇāt vyakta-madhyāni | avyakta-nidhanāny eva punar avyaktam adarśanaṃ nidhanaṃ maraṇaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni avyakta-nidhanāni | maraṇād ūrdhvam apy avyaktatām eva pratipadyante ity arthaḥ | tathā coktam ---
adarśanād āpatitaḥ punaś cādarśanaṃ gataḥ |
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durvijñeyo 'thaṃ prakṛta ātmā | kiṃ tvāmevaikamupālabhe sādhāraṇe bhrāntinimitte | kathaṃ durvijñeyo 'yamātmā ityata āha ---
āścaryavat āścaryam adṛṣṭa-pūrvam adbhutam akasmād dṛśyamānaṃ tena tulyaṃ āścaryavat āścaryam iva enam ātmānaṃ paśyati kaścit | āścaryavad enaṃ vadati tathaiva cānyaḥ | āścaryavac ca enam anyaḥ sṛṇoti | śrutvā dṛṣṭvā uktvāpi enam ātmānaṃ veda na caiva kaścit | athavā yo 'yam ātmānaṃ paśyati sa āścarya-tulyaḥ, yo vadati ya ca sṛṇoti so 'neka-sahasreṣu kaścid eva bhavati | ato durbodha ātmā ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.29||
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athedānīṃ prakaraṇārtham upasaṃharan brūte -
dehī śarīrī nityaṃ sarvadā sarvāvasthāsu avadhyaḥ niravayavatvān nityatvāc ca | tatra avadhyo 'yaṃ dehe śarīre sarvasya sarva-gatatvāt sthāvarādiṣu sthito 'pi sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya dehe vadhyamāne 'py ayaṃ dehī na vadhyo yasmāt, tasmād bhīṣmādīni sarvāṇi bhūtāni uddiśya na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi ||BhGS_2.30||
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iha paramārtha-tattvāpekṣāyāṃ śoko moho vā na saṃbhavatīty uktam | na kevalaṃ paramārtha-tattvāpekṣāyām eva, kiṃ tu ---
svadharmam api svo dharmaḥ kṣatriyasya yuddhaṃ tam api avekṣya tvaṃ na vikampituṃ pracalitum nārhasi kṣatriyasya svābhāvikād dharmād ātma-svābhāvyād ity abhiprāyaḥ | tac ca yuddhaṃ pṛthivī-jaya-dvāreṇa dharmārthaṃ prajā-rakṣaṇārthaṃ ceti dharmād anapetaṃ paraṃ dharmyam | tasmād dharmyād yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate hi yasmāt ||BhGS_2.31||
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kutaś ca tat yuddhaṃ kartavyam iti, ucyate ---
============================== etaṃ kartavyatā-prāptam api -
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na kevalaṃ svadharma-kīrti-parityāgaḥ -
akīrtiṃ cāpi yuddhā bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti te tava avyayāṃ dīrgha-kālām | dharmātmā śūra ity evam ādibhiḥ guṇaiḥ saṃbhāvitasya ca akīrtiḥ maraṇāt atiricyate, saṃbhāvitasya ca akīrteḥ varaṃ maraṇam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.34||
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kiṃ ca--
bhayāt karṇādibhyaḥ raṇāt yuddhāt uparataṃ nivṛttaṃ maṃsyante cintayiṣyanti na kṛpayeti tvāṃ mahārathāḥ duryodhana-prabhṛtayaḥ | yeṣāṃ ca tvaṃ duryodhanādīnāṃ bahu-mato bahubhir guṇair yuktaḥ ity evaṃ mataḥ bahumato bhūtvā punar yāsyasi lāghavaṃ laghu-bhāvam ||BhGS_2.35||
============================== kiṃ ca --
avācya-vādān avaktavya-vādāṃś ca bahūn aneka-prakārān vadiṣyanti tavāhitāḥ śatravaḥ nindantaḥ kutsayantaḥ tava tvadīyaṃ sāmarthyaṃ nivāta-kavacādi-yuddha-nimittam | tatas tasmāt nindā-prāpter duḥkhāt duḥkhataraṃ nu kim ? tataḥ kaṣṭataraṃ duḥkhaṃ nāstīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.36||
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yurā punaḥ kriyamāṇe karṇādibhiḥ-
hato vā prāpsyasi svargam, hataḥ san svargaṃ prāpsyasi | jitvā vā karṇādīn śūrān bhokṣyase mahīm | ubhayathāpi tava lābha evety abhiprāyaḥ | yata evaṃ tasmāt uttiṣṭha kaunteya yuddhāya kṛtāni ca yaḥ jeṣyāmi śatrūn, mariṣyāmi vā iti niścayaṃ kṛtvety arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.37||
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tatra yuddhaṃ svadharma ity evaṃ yudhyamānasyopadeśam imaṃ sṛṇu -
sukha-duḥkhe same tulye kṛtvā, rāga-dveṣāv apy akṛtvety etat | tathā lābhālābhau jayājayau ca samau kṛtvā tato yuddhāya yujyasva ghaṭāsva | na evaṃ yuddhaṃ kurvan pāpam avāpsyasi | ity eṣa upadeśaḥ prāsaṅgikaḥ ||BhGS_2.38||
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śoka-mohāpanayanāya laukiko nyāyaḥ svadharmam api cāvekṣya ity ādyaiḥ lokair uktaḥ, na tu tātparyeṇa | paramārtha-darśanam iha prakṛtam | tac coktam upasaṃhriyate -- eṣā te 'bhihitā iti śāstra-viṣaya-vibhāga-pradarśanāya | iha hi pradarśite punaḥ śāstra-viṣaya-vibhāge upariṣṭāt jñāna-yogena sāṃkhyānāṃ karma-yogena yoginām iti niṣṭhā-dvaya-viṣayaṃ śāstraṃ sukhaṃ pravartiṣyate, śrotāraś ca viṣaya-vibhāgena sukhaṃ grahīṣyanti ity ata āha ---
eṣā te tubhyam abhihitā uktā sāṃkhye paramārtha-vastu-viveka-viṣaye buddhir jñānaṃ sākṣāt śoka-mohādi-saṃsāra-hetu-doṣa-nivṛtti-kāraṇam | yoge tu tat-prāpty-upāye niḥsaṅgatayā dvandva-prahāṇa-pūrvakam īśvarārādhanārthe karma-yoge karmānuṣṭhāne samādhi-yoge cemām anantaram evocyamānāṃ buddhiṃ śṛṇu | tāṃ ca buddhiṃ stauti prarocanārtham -- buddhyā yayā yoga-viṣayayā yuktaḥ | he pārtha, karma-bandhaṃ karmaiva dharmādharmākhyo bandhaḥ karma-bandhas taṃ prahāsyasi īśvara-prasāda-nimitta-jñāna-prāpter ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.39||
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kiṃ cānyat --
neha mokṣa-mārge karma-yoge abhikrama-nāśo 'bhikramaṇam abhikramaḥ prārambhas tasya nāśo nāsti yathā kṛṣyādeḥ | yoga-viṣaye prārambhasya na anaikāntika-phalatvam ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca nāpi cikitsāvat pratyavāyo vidyate bhavati | kiṃ tu svalpam api asya dharmasya yoga-dharmasya anuṣṭhitaṃ trāyate rakṣati mahataḥ bhayāt saṃsāra-bhayāt janma-maraṇādi-lakṣaṇāt ||BhGS_2.40||
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yeyaṃ sāṃkhye buddhir uktā yoge ca, vakṣyamāṇa-lakṣaṇā sā -
vyavasāyātmikā niścaya-svabhāvā ekā eva buddhir itara-viparīta-buddhi-śākhā-bhedasya vādhikā, samyak-pramāṇa-janitatvāt, iha śreyo-mārge | he kurunandana ! yāḥ punar itarā viparīta-buddhayaḥ, yāsāṃ śākhā-bheda-pracāra-vaśāt ananto 'pāro 'nuparataḥ saṃsāro nitya-pratato vistīrṇo bhavati, pramāṇa-janita-viveka-buddhi-nimitta-vaśāc ca uparatāsv ananta-bheda-buddhiṣu saṃsāro 'py uparamate tā buddhayo bahu-śākhāḥ bahvvayaḥ śākhāḥ yāsāṃ tāḥ bahu-śākhāḥ, bahu-bhedā ity etat | pratiśākhā-bhedena hy anantā ca buddhayaḥ | keṣām ? avyavasāyināṃ pramāṇa-janita-viveka-buddhi-rahitānām ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.41||
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yeṣāṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhir nāsti te--
yām imāṃ vakṣyamāṇāṃ puṣpitāṃ puṣpita iva vṛkṣaḥ śobhamānāṃ śrūyamāṇa-ramaṇīyāṃ vācaṃ vākya-lakṣaṇāṃ pravadanti | ke ? avipaścito 'medhaso 'vivekina ity arthaḥ | veda-vāda-ratāḥ bahvy-artha-vāda-phala-sādhana-prakāśakeṣu veda-vākyeṣu ratāḥ he pārtha, na anyat svarga-prāpty-ādi-phala-sādhanebhyaḥ karmabhyo 'sti ity evaṃ vādinaḥ vadana-śīlāḥ ||BhGS_2.42||
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te ca --
kāmātmānaḥ kāmasvabhāvāḥ, kāmaparā ity arthaḥ | svarga-parāḥ svargaḥ paraḥ puruṣārthaḥ yeṣāṃ te svarga-parāḥ svarga-pradhānāḥ | janma-karma-phala-pradāṃ karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ karma-phalaṃ janmaiva karma-phalaṃ janma-karma-phalaṃ tat pradadātīti janma-karma-phala-pradā, tāṃ vācam | pravadanti ity anuṣajyate | kriyā-viśeṣa-bahulāṃ kriyāṇāṃ viśeṣāḥ kriyā-viśeṣāḥ te bahulā yasyāṃ vāci tāṃ svarga-paśu-putrādy-arthāḥ yayā vācā bāhulyena prakāśyante | bhogaiśvarya-gatiṃ prati bhogaś ca aiśvaryaṃ ca bhogaiśvarye, tayor gatiḥ prāptiḥ bhogaiśvarya-gatiḥ, tāṃ prati sādhana-bhūtāḥ ye kriyā-viśeṣāḥ tad-bahulāṃ tāṃ vācaṃ pravadantaḥ mūḍhāḥ saṃsāre parivartante ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.43||
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teṣāṃ ca -
bhogaiśvarya-prasaktānāṃ bhogaḥ kartavyaḥ caiśvaryaṃ ca iti bhogaiśvaryayor eva praṇayavatāṃ tad-ātma-bhūtānām | tayā kriyā-viśeṣa-bahulayā vācā apahṛta-cetasām ācchādita-viveka-prajñānāṃ vyavasāyātmikā sāṃkhye yoge vā buddhiḥ samādhau samādhīyate asmin puruṣopabhogāya sarvam iti samādhiḥ antaḥkaraṇaṃ buddhiḥ tasmin samādhau, na vidhīyate na bhavati ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.44||
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ya evaṃ viveka-buddhi-rahitāḥ teṣāṃ kāmātmanāṃ yat phalaṃ tad āha -
traiguṇya-viṣayāḥ traiguṇyaṃ saṃsāro viṣayaḥ prakāśayitavyaḥ yeṣāṃ te vedāḥ traiguṇya-viṣayāḥ | tvaṃ tu nistraiguṇyo bhava arjuna, niṣkāmo bhava ity arthaḥ | nirdvandvaḥ sukha-duḥkha-hetū sa-pratipakṣau padārthau dvandva-śabda-vācyau | tataḥ nirgataḥ nirdvandvo bhava | nitya-sattva-sthaḥ sadā sattva-guṇāśrito bhava | tathā niryoga-kṣemo 'nupāttasya upādānaṃ yogaḥ, upāttasya rakṣaṇaṃ kṣemaḥ, yoga-kṣema-pradhānasya śreyasi pravṛttir duṣkarā ity ataḥ niryoga-kṣemo bhava | ātmavān apramattaś ca bhava | eṣa tava upadeśaḥ sva-dharmam anutiṣṭhataḥ ||BhGS_2.45||
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sarveṣu vedokteṣu karmasu yāny uktāny anantāni phalāni tāni nāpekṣyante cet, kim arthaṃ tāni īśvarāyety anuṣṭhīyante ity ucyate | sṛṇu -
yathā loke kūpa-taḍāgādy-anekasmin udapāne paricchinnodake yāvān yāvat-parimāṇaḥ snāna-pānādir arthaḥ phalaṃ prayojanaṃ sa sarvo 'rthaḥ sarvataḥ saṃplutodake 'pi yo 'rthaḥ tāvān eva saṃpadyate, tatra antarbhavatīty arthaḥ | evaṃ tāvān tāvat-parimāṇa eva saṃpadyate sarveṣu vedeṣu vedokteṣu karmasu yo 'rthaḥ yat karma-phalaṃ so 'rthaḥ brāhmaṇasya saṃnyāsinaḥ paramārtha-tattvaṃ vijānataḥ yo 'rthaḥ yat vijñāna-phalaṃ sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīyaṃ tasmin tāvān eva saṃpadyate tatraivāntarbhavatīty arthaḥ | yathā kṛtāya vijitāyādhareyāḥ saṃyanty evam enaṃ sarvaṃ tad abhisameti yat kiṃcit prajāḥ sādhu kurvanti yas tad veda yat sa veda [ChāU 4.1.2] iti śruteḥ | sarvaṃ karmākhilam iti ca vakṣyati | tasmāt prāk jñāna-niṣṭhādhikāra-prāpteḥ karmaṇy adhikṛtena
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tava ca -
karmaṇy evādhikāro na jñāna-niṣṭhāyāṃ te tava | tatra ca karma kurvataḥ mā phaleṣu adhikāro 'stu, karma-phala-tṛṣṇā mā bhūt kadācana kasyāṃcid apy avasthāyām ity arthaḥ | yadā karma-phale tṛṣṇā te syāt tadā karma-phala-prāpter hetuḥ syāḥ, evaṃ mā karma-phala-hetuḥ bhūḥ | yadā hi karma-phala-tṛṣṇā-prayuktaḥ karmaṇi pravartate tadā karma-phalasyaiva janmano hetur bhavet | yadi karma-phalaṃ neṣyate, kiṃ karmaṇā duḥkha-rūpeṇa ? iti mā te tava saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi akaraṇe prītir mā bhūt ||BhGS_2.47||
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yadi karma-phala-prayuktena na kartavyaṃ karma, kathaṃ tarhi kartavyam iti | ucyate -
yoga-sthaḥ san kuru karmāṇi kevalam īśvarārtham | tatrāpīśvaro me tuṣyatu iti saṅgaṃ tyaktvā dhanaṃjaya | phala-tṛṣṇā-śūnyena kriyamāṇe karmaṇi sattva-śuddhijā jñāna-prāpti-lakṣaṇā siddhiḥ, tad-viparyayajā asiddhiḥ, tayoḥ siddhy-asiddhyor api samaḥ tulyo bhūtvā kuru karmāṇi | ko 'sau yogo yatra-sthaḥ kuru ity uktam ? idam eva tat --- siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatvaṃ yoga ucyate ||BhGS_2.48||
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yat punaḥ samatva-buddhi-yuktam īśvarārādhanārthaṃ karmoktam, etasmāt karmaṇaḥ --
dūreṇa ativiprakarṣeṇa atyantam eva hy avaram adhamaṃ nikṛṣṭaṃ karma phalārthinā kriyamāṇaṃ buddhi-yogāt samatva-buddhi-yuktāt karmaṇaḥ, janma-maraṇādi-hetutvāt | he dhanaṃjaya, yata evaṃ tataḥ yoga-viṣayāyāṃ buddhau tat-paripāka-jāyāṃ vā sāṃkhya-buddhau śaraṇam āśrayam abhaya-prāpti-kāraṇam anviccha prārthayasva, paramārtha-jñāna-śaraṇo bhavety arthaḥ | yato 'varaṃ karma kurvāṇāḥ kṛpaṇāḥ dīnāḥ phala-hetavaḥ phala-tṛṣṇā-prayuktāḥ santaḥ, yo vā etad akṣaraṃ gārgy aviditvāsmāl lokāt praiti sa kṛpaṇaḥ [BAU 3.8.10] iti śruteḥ ||BhGS_2.49||
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samatva-buddhi-yuktaḥ san svadharmam anutiṣṭhan yat phalaṃ prāpnoti tac chṛṇu --
buddhi-yuktaḥ karma-samatva-viṣayayā buddhyā yukto buddhi-yuktaḥ saḥ jahāti parityajati iha asmin loke ubhe sukṛta-duṣkṛte puṇya-pāpe sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇa yataḥ, tasmāt samatva-buddhi-yogāya yujyasva ghaṭāsva | yogo hi karmasu kauśalam sva-dharmākhyeṣu karmasu vartamānasya yā siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatva-buddhir īśvarārpita-cetastayā tat kauśalaṃ kuśala-bhāvaḥ | tad dhi kauśalaṃ yad bandhana-svabhāvāny api karmāṇi samatva-buddhyā svabhāvān nivartante | tasmāt samatva-buddhi-yukto bhava tvam ||BhGS_2.50||
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karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā iti vyavahitena sambandhaḥ | iṣṭāniṣṭa-deha-prāptiḥ karmajaṃ phalaṃ karmabhyo jātaṃ buddhi-yuktāḥ samatva-buddhi-yuktāḥ santaḥ hi yasmāt phalaṃ tyaktvā parityajya manīṣiṇaḥ jñānino bhūtvā, janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ janmaiva bandhaḥ janma-bandhaḥ tena vinirmuktāḥ jīvanta eva janma-bandhāt vinirmuktāḥ santaḥ, padaṃ paramaṃ viṣṇoḥ mokṣākhyaṃ gacchanti anāmayaṃ sarvopadrava-rahitam ity arthaḥ | athavā buddhi-yogād dhanaṃjaya ity ārabhya paramārtha-darśana-lakṣaṇaiva sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīyā karma-yogaja-sattva-śuddha-janitā buddhir darśitā, sākṣāt-sukṛta-duṣkṛta-prahāṇādi-hetutva-śravaṇāt ||BhGS_2.51||
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yogānuṣṭhāna-janita-sattva-śuddhajā buddhiḥ kadā prāpsyate ity ucyate ---
yadā yasmin kāle te tava moha-kalilaṃ mohātmakam aviveka-rūpaṃ kāluṣyaṃ yena ātmānātma-viveka-bodhaṃ kaluṣīkṛtya viṣayaṃ pratyantaḥ-karaṇaṃ pravartate, tat tava buddhiḥ vyatitariṣyati vyatikramiṣyati, atiśuddha-bhāvam āpātryate ity arthaḥ | tadā tasmin kāle gantāsi prāpsyasi nirvedaṃ vairāgyaṃ śrotavyasya śrutasya ca, tadā śrotavyaṃ śrutaṃ ca te niṣphalaṃ pratibhātīty abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.52||
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moha-kalilātyaya-dvāreṇa labdhātma-vivekaja-prajñaḥ kadā karma-yogajaṃ phalaṃ paramārtha-yogam avāpsyāmīti cet, tat sṛṇu --
śruti-vipratinnā aneka-sādhya-sādhana-saṃbandha-prakāśana-śrutibhiḥ śravaṇaiḥ pravṛtti-nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaiḥ vipratipannā nānā-pratinnā vikṣiptā satī te tava buddhir yadā yasmin kāle sthāsyati sthirībhūtā bhaviṣyati niścalā vikṣepa-calana-varjitā satī samādhau, samādhīyate cittam asminn iti samādhir ātmā, tasmin ātmani ity etat | acalā tatrāpi vikalpa-varjitā ity etat | buddhir antaḥkaraṇam | tadā tasmin kāle yogam avāpsyasi viveka-prajñāṃ samādhiṃ prāpsyasi ||BhGS_2.53||
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praśnabījaṃ pratilabhya arjuna uvācalabdhasamādhiprajñasya lakṣaṇabubhutsayā --- arjuna uvāca-
sthitā pratiṣṭhitā aham asmi paraṃ brahma iti prajñā yasya saḥ sthita-prajñas tasya sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā kiṃ bhāṣaṇaṃ vacanaṃ katham asau parair bhāṣyate samādhi-sthasya samādhau sthitasya he keśava | sthita-dhīḥ sthita-prajñaḥ svayaṃ vā kiṃ prabhāṣeta | kim āsīta vrajeta kim āsanaṃ vrajanaṃ vā tasya katham ity arthaḥ | sthita-prajñasya lakṣaṇam anena lokena pṛcchayate ||BhGS_2.54||
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yo hy ādita eva saṃnyasya karmāṇi jñāna-yoga-niṣṭhāyāṃ pravṛttaḥ, yaś ca karma-yogena, tayoḥ prajahāti ity ārabhya ā adhyāya-parisamāpteḥ sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇaṃ sādhanaṃ copadiśyate | sarvatraiva hi adhyātma-śāstre kṛtārtha-lakṣaṇāni yāni tāny eva sādhanāni upadiśyante, yatna-sādhyatvāt | yāni yatna-sādhyāni sādhanāni lakṣaṇāni ca bhavanti tāni śrī-bhagavān uvāca--
prajahāti prakarṣeṇa jahāti parityajati yadā yasmin kāle sarvān samastān kāmān icchā-bhedān he pārtha, mano-gatān manasi praviṣṭāan hṛdi praviṣṭān | sarva-kāma-parityāge tuṣṭi-kāraṇābhāvāt śarīra-dhāraṇa-nimitta-śeṣe ca sati unmatta-pramattasyeva pravṛttiḥ prāptā, ity ata ucyate --- ātmany eva pratyag-ātma-svarūpe eva ātmanā svenaiva bāhya-lābha-nirapekṣas tuṣṭāḥ paramārtha-darśanāmṛta-rasa-lābhena anyasmād alaṃ-pratyayavān sthita-prajñaḥ sthitā pratiṣṭhitā ātmānātma-vivekajā prajñā yasya saḥ sthita-prajñaḥ vidvān tadā ucyate | tyakta-putra-vitta-lokaiṣaṇaḥ saṃnyāsī ātmārāma ātma-krīḍāḥ sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.55||
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kiṃ ca --
duḥkheṣv ādhyātmikādiṣu prāpteṣu na udvignaṃ na prakṣubhitaṃ duḥkha-prāptau mano yasya so 'yam anudvigna-manāḥ | tathā sukheṣu prāpteṣu vigatā spṛhā tṛṣṇā yasya, na agnir iva indhanādy-ādhāne sukhāny anu vivardhate sa vigata-spṛhaḥ | vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ rāga ca bhayaṃ ca krodha ca vītā vigatā yasmāt sa vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ | sthita-dhīḥ sthita-prajño muniḥ saṃnyāsī tadā ucyate ||BhGS_2.56||
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kiṃ ca--
yaḥ muniḥ sarvatra deha-jīvitādiṣv api anabhisneho 'bhisneha-varjitas tat tat prāpya śubhāśubhaṃ tat tat śubhaṃ aśubhaṃ vā labdhvā nābhinandati na dveṣṭi śubhaṃ prāpya na tuṣyati na hṛṣyati, aśubhaṃ ca prāpya na dveṣṭi ity arthaḥ | tasya evaṃ harṣa-viṣāda-varjitasya vivekajā prajñā pratiṣṭhitā bhavati ||BhGS_2.57||
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kiṃ ca --
yadā saṃharate samyag upasaṃharate cāyaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāyāṃ pravṛtto yatiḥ kūrmo 'ṅgāni iva yathā kūrmo bhayāt svāny aṅgāni upasaṃharati sarvaśaḥ sarvataḥ, evaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhaḥ indriyāṇi indriyārthebhyaḥ sarva-viṣayebhya upasaṃharate | tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ity uktārthaṃ vākyam ||BhGS_2.58||
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tatra viṣayān anāharataḥ āturasyāpi indriyāṇi kūrmāṅgānīva saṃhriyante na tu tad-viṣayo rāgaḥ sa kathaṃ saṃhriyate ity ucyate -
yadyapi viṣayāḥ viṣayopalakṣitāni viṣaya-śabda-vācyāni indriyāṇi nirāhārasya anāhriyamāṇa-viṣayasya kaṣṭe tapasi sthitasya mūrkhasyāpi vinivartante dehino dehavataḥ rasa-varjaṃ raso rāgo viṣayeṣu yas taṃ varjayitvā | rasa-śabdo rāge prasiddhaḥ, sva-rasena pravṛttaḥ rasikaḥ rasajñaḥ, ity ādi-darśanāt | so 'pi raso rañjana-rūpaḥ sūkṣmo 'sya yateḥ paraṃ paramārtha-tattvaṃ brahma dṛṣṭvā upalabhya aham eva tat iti vartamānasya nivartate nirbījaṃ viṣaya-vijñānaṃ saṃpadyate ity arthaḥ | nāsati samyag-darśane rasasya ucchedaḥ | tasmāt samyag-darśanātmikāyāḥ prajñāyāḥ sthairyaṃ kartavyam ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_2.59||
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samyag-darśana-lakṣaṇa-prajñā-sthairyaṃ cikīrṣatā ādau indriyāṇi sva-vaśe sthāpayitavyāni, yasmāt tad-anavasthāpane doṣam āha ---
yatataḥ prayatnaṃ kurvataḥ hi yasmāt kaunteya puruṣasya vipaścitaḥ medhāvino 'pi iti vyavahitena saṃbandhaḥ | indriyāṇi pramāthīni pramathana-śīlāni viṣayābhimukhaṃ hi puruṣaṃ vikṣobhayanti ākulīkurvanti, ākulīkṛtya ca haranti prasabhaṃ prasahya prakāśam eva paśyato viveka-vijñāna-yuktaṃ manaḥ ||BhGS_2.60||
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yatas tasmāt--
tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya saṃyamanaṃ vaśīkaraṇaṃ kṛtvā yuktaḥ samāhitaḥ san āsīta mat-paro 'haṃ vāsudevaḥ sarva-pratyag-ātmā paro yasya sa mat-paraḥ, nānyo 'haṃ tasmāt ity āsīta ity arthaḥ | evam āsīnasya yater vaśe hi yasyendriyāṇi vartante abhyāsa-balāt tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ||BhGS_2.61||
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athedānīṃ parābhaviṣyataḥ sarvānartha-mūlam idam ucyate --
dhyāyataś cintayato viṣayāt śabdādīn viṣaya-viśeṣān ālocayataḥ puṃsaḥ puruṣasya saṅgaḥ āsaktiḥ prītis teṣu viṣayeṣu upajāyate utpadyate | saṅgāt prīteḥ saṃjāyate samutpadyate kāmas tṛṣṇā | kāmāt kutaścit pratihatāt krodho 'bhijāyate |
krodhād bhavati saṃmoho 'vivekaḥ kāryākārya-viṣayaḥ | kruddho hi saṃmūḍhaḥ san gurum apy ākrośati | saṃmohāt smṛti-vibhramaḥ śāstrācāryopadeśāhita-saṃskāra-janitāyāḥ smṛte syāt vibhramo bhraṃśaḥ smṛty-utpatti-nimitta-prāptau anutpattiḥ | tataḥ smṛti-bhraṃśāt buddhi-nāśaḥ buddhi-nāśaḥ | kāryākārya-viṣaya-vivekāyogyatā antaḥ-karaṇasya buddher nāśa ucyate | buddher nāśāt praṇaśyati | tāvad eva hi puruṣaḥ yāvad antaḥkaraṇaṃ tadīyaṃ kāryākārya-viṣaya-viveka-yogyam | tad-ayogyatve naṣṭa eva puruṣo bhavati | ataḥ tasyāntaḥ-karaṇasya buddher nāśāt praṇaśyati puruṣārthāyogyo bhavatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.62-63||
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sarvānarthasya mūlamuktaṃ viṣayābhidhyānam | atha idānīṃ mokṣakāraṇamidamucyate --
rāga-dveṣa-viyuktai rāgaś ca dveṣaś ca rāga-dveṣau, tat-puraḥsarā hi indriyāṇāṃ pravṛttiḥ svābhāvikī, tatra yo mumukṣuḥ bhavati saḥ tābhyāṃ viyuktaiḥ śrotrādibhir indriyair viṣayān avarjanīyān caran upalabhamānaḥ ātma-vaśyair ātmano vaśyāni vaśībhūtāni indriyāṇi tair ātma-vaśyair vidheyātmā icchātaḥ vidheya ātmā antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya so 'yaṃ prasādam adhigacchati | prasādaḥ prasannatā svāsthyam ||BhGS_2.64||
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prasāde sati kiṃ syāt ity ucyate -
prasāde sarva-duḥkhānām ādhyātmikādīnāṃ hānir vināśo 'sya yater upajāyate | kiṃ ca - prasanna-cetasaḥ svasthāntaḥ-karaṇasya hi yasmāt āśu śīghraṃ buddhiḥ paryavatiṣṭhate ākāśam iva pari samantāt avatiṣṭhate, ātma-svarūpeṇaiva niścalībhavatīty arthaḥ |
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seyaṃ prasannatā stūyate --
nāsti na vidyate na bhavatīty arthaḥ, buddhiḥ ātma-svarūpa-viṣayā ayuktasya asamāhitāntaḥ-karaṇasya | na ca asti ayuktasya bhāvanā ātma-jñānābhiniveśaḥ | tathā -- na cāsty abhāvayata ātma-jñānābhiniveśam akurvataḥ śāntir upaśamaḥ | aśāntasya kutaḥ sukham ? indriyāṇāṃ hi viṣaya-sevā-tṛṣṇātaḥ nivṛttir yā tat-sukham, na viṣaya-viṣayā tṛṣṇā | duḥkham eva hi sā | na tṛṣṇāyāṃ satyāṃ sukhasya gandha-mātram apy upapadyate ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.66||
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ayuktasya kasmād buddhir nāsti ity ucyate -
indriyāṇāṃ hi yasmāt caratāṃ sva-sva-viṣayeṣu pravartamānānāṃ yat mano 'nuvidhīyate anupravartate tat indriya-viṣaya-vikalpanena pravṛttaṃ mano 'sya yateḥ harati prajñām ātmānātma-vivekajāṃ nāśayati | katham ? vāyuḥ nāvam iva ambhasi udake jigamiṣatāṃ mārgāduddhṛtya unmārge yathā vāyuḥ nāvaṃ pravartayati, evam ātma-viṣayāṃ prajñāṃ hṛtvā mano viṣaya-viṣayāṃ karoti ||BhGS_2.67||
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yatato hi ity upanyastasyārthasya anekadhā upapattim uktvā taṃ cārtham upapādya upasaṃharati ---
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yo 'yaṃ laukiko vaidika ca vyavahāraḥ sa utpanna-viveka-jñānasya sthita-prajñasya avidyākāryatvāt avidyā-nivṛttau nivartate, avidyāyā ca vidyā-virodhāt nivṛttiḥ, ity etam arthaṃ sphuṭīkurvann āha ---
yā niśā rātriḥ sarva-padārthānām aviveka-karī tamaḥ-svabhāvatvāt sarva-bhūtānāṃ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām | kiṃ tat paramārtha-tattvaṃ sthita-prajñasya viṣayaḥ | yathā naktaṃ-carāṇām ahar eva sad anyeṣāṃ niśā bhavati, tadvat naktaṃ-cara-sthānīyānām ajñānāṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ niśeva niśā paramārtha-tattvam, agocaratvād atad-buddhīnām | tasyāṃ paramārtha-tattva-lakṣaṇāyām ajñāna-nidrāyāḥ prabuddho jāgarti saṃyamī saṃyamavān, jitendriyo yogīty arthaḥ | yasyāṃ grāhya-grāhaka-bheda-lakṣaṇāyām avidyā-niśāyāṃ prasuptāny eva bhūtāni jāgrati iti ucyante, yasyāṃ niśāyāṃ prasuptā iva svapna-dṛśaḥ, sā niśā avidyā-rūpatvāt paramārtha-tattvaṃ paśyato muneḥ |
ataḥ karmāṇi avidyāvasthāyām eva codyante, na vidyāvasthāyām | vidyāyāṃ hi satyām udite savitari śārvaram iva tamaḥ praṇāśam upagacchati avidyā | prāk vidyotpatteḥ avidyā pramāṇa-buddhyā gṛhyamāṇā kriyā-kāraka-phala-bheda-rūpā satī sarva-karma-hetutvaṃ pratipadyate | na apramāṇa-buddhyā gṛhyamāṇāyāḥ karma-hetutvopapattiḥ, pramāṇa-bhūtena vedena mama coditaṃ kartavyaṃ karma iti hi karmaṇi kartā pravartate, na avidyā-mātram idaṃ sarvaṃ bheda-jātam iti jñānaṃ tasya ātmajñasya sarva-karma-saṃnyāse eva adhikāro na pravṛttau | tathā ca darśayiṣyati --- tad-buddhayas tad-ātmānaḥ ity ādinā jñāna-niṣṭhāyām eva tasya adhikāram |
tatrāpi pravartaka-pramāṇābhāve pravṛtty-anupapattiḥ iti cet, na | svātma-viṣayatvād ātma-vijñānasya | na hy ātmanaḥ svātmani pravartaka-pramāṇāpekṣatā, ātmatvād eva | tad-antatvāc ca sarva-pramāṇānāṃ pramāṇatvasya | na hy ātma-svarūpādhigame sati punaḥ pramāṇa-prameya-vyavahāraḥ saṃbhavati | pramātṛtvaṃ hy ātmanaḥ nivartayati antyaṃ pramāṇam | nivartayad eva cāpramāṇībhavati, svapna-kāla-pramāṇam iva prabodhe | loke ca vastv-adhigame pravṛtti-hetutvādarśanāt pramāṇasya | tasmān nātma-vidaḥ karmaṇy adhikāra iti siddham ||BhGS_2.69||
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viduṣas tyaktaiṣaṇasya sthita-prajñasya yater eva mokṣa-prāptiḥ, na tu asaṃnyāsinaḥ kāma-kāminaḥ ity etam arthaṃ dṛṣṭāntena pratipādayiṣyan āha -
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yasmād evaṃ tasmāt -
vihāya parityajya kāmān yaḥ saṃnyāsī pumān sarvān aśeṣataḥ kārtsnyena carati, jīvana-mātra-ceṣṭāśeṣaḥ paryaṭatīty arthaḥ | niḥspṛhaḥ śarīra-jīvana-mātre 'pi nirgatā spṛhā yasya saḥ niḥspṛhaḥ san nirmamaḥ śarīra-jīvana-mātrākṣipta-parigrahe 'pi mamedam ity abhiniveśa-varjitaḥ, nirahaṃkāraḥ vidyāvattvādi-nimittātma-saṃbhāvanā-rahitaḥ ity etat | sa evaṃbhūtaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ brahmavit śāntiṃ sarva-saṃsāra-duḥkhoparama-lakṣaṇāṃ nirvāṇākhyām adhigacchati prāpnoti brahma-bhūto bhavati ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.71||
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saiṣā jñāna-niṣṭhā stūyate -
eṣā yathoktā brāhmī brahmaṇi bhavā iyaṃ sthitiḥ sarvaṃ karma saṃnyasya brahma-rūpeṇaiva avasthānam ity etat | he pārtha, naināṃ sthitiṃ prāpya labdhvā na vimuhyati na mohaṃ prāpnoti | sthitvāsyāṃ sthitau brāhmyāṃ yathoktāyāṃ anta-kāle 'pi antye vayasy api brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahma-nirvṛtiṃ mokṣam ṛcchati gacchati | kim u vaktavyaṃ brahmacaryād eva saṃnyasya yāvaj jīvaṃ yo brahmaṇy eva avatiṣṭhate sa brahma-nirvāṇam ṛcchati iti ||BhGS_2.72||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye dvitīyo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
BhG 3
tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ śaṅkara-bhāṣyam
śāstrasya pravṛtti-nivṛtti-viṣaya-bhūte dve buddhī bhagavatā nirdiṣṭe, sāṅkhye buddhir yoge buddhir iti ca | tatra prajahāti yadā kāmān ity ārabhya ā adhyāya-parisamāpteḥ sāṅkhya-buddhy-āśritānāṃ saṃnyāsaṃ kartavyam uktvā teṣāṃ tan-niṣṭhatayaiva ca kṛtārthatā uktā eṣā brāhmī sthitiḥ iti | arjunāya ca karmaṇy evādhikāras te, mā saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi iti karma eva kartavyam uktavān yoga-buddhim āśritya, na tata eva śreyaḥ-prāptim uktavān | tad etad ālakṣya paryākulībhūta-buddhir arjuna uvāca - kathaṃ bhaktāya śreyo 'rthine yat sākṣāt śreyaḥ-sādhanaṃ sāṅkhya-buddhi-niṣṭhāṃ śrāvayitvā māṃ karmaṇi dṛṣṭānekānartha-yukte pāramparyeṇāpi anaikāntika-śreyaḥ-prāpti-phale niyuñjyād iti yuktaḥ paryākulībhāvo 'rjunasya | tad-anurūpa-praśnaḥ jyāyasī cet ity ādiḥ | praśnāpākaraṇa-vākyaṃ ca bhagavatā uktaṃ yathokta-vibhāga-viṣaye śāstre |
kecit tu arjunasya praśnārtham anyathā kalpayitvā tat-pratikūlaṃ bhagavataḥ prativacanaṃ varṇayanti | yathā ca ātmanā sambandha-granthe gītārtho nirūpitas tat-pratikūlaṃ ceha punaḥ praśna-prativacanayor arthaṃ nirūpayanti | kathaṃ ? tatra sambandha-granthe tāvat sarveṣām āśramiṇāṃ jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayo gītā-śāstre nirūpito 'rtha ity uktam | punaḥ viśeṣitaṃ ca yāvaj-jīva-śruti-coditāni karmāṇi parityajya kevalād eva jñānān mokṣaḥ prāpyata ity etad ekāntenaiva pratiṣiddham iti |
iha tv āśrama-vikalpaṃ darśayatā yāvaj-jīva-śruti-coditānām eva karmaṇāṃ parityāga uktaḥ | tat katham īdṛśaṃ viruddham artham arjunāya brūyād bhagavān, śrotā vā kathaṃ viruddham artham avadhārayet | tatraitat syād gṛhasthānām eva śrauta-karma-parityāgena kevalād eva jñānān mokṣaḥ pratiṣidhyate na tv āśramāntarāṇām iti |
etad api pūrvottar-viruddham eva | kathaṃ, sarvāśramiṇāṃ jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayo gītā-śāstre niścito 'rtha iti pratijñāya iha kathaṃ tad-viruddhaṃ kevalād eva jñānān mokṣaṃ brūyād āśramāntarāṇām |
atha mataṃ śrauta-karmāpekṣayaitad-vacanaṃ kevalād eva jñānāt śrauta-karma-rahitād gṛhasthānāṃ mokṣaḥ pratiṣidhyate iti | tatra gṛhasthānāṃ vidyamānam api smārtaṃ karmāvidyamānavad upekṣya jñānād eva kevalān na mokṣa ity ucyata iti | etad api viruddham | katham ? gṛhasthasyaiva smārta-karmaṇā samuccitād jñānān mokṣaḥ pratiṣidhyate na tu āśramāntarāṇām iti kathaṃ vivekibhiḥ śakyam avadhārayitum |
kiṃ ca, yadi mokṣa-sādhanatvena smārtāni karmāṇi ūrdhva-retasāṃ samuccīyante tathā gṛhasthasyāpi iṣyatāṃ smārtair eva samuccayo na śrautaiḥ |
atha śrautaiḥ smārtaiś ca gṛhasthasyaiva samuccayo mokṣāya ūrdhva-retasāṃ tu smārta-karma-mātra-samuccitāj jñānān mokṣa iti | tatraivaṃ sati gṛhasthasyāyāsa-bāhulyaṃ śrautaṃ smārtaṃ ca bahu-duḥkha-rūpaṃ karma śirasi aropitaṃ syāt |
atha gṛhasthasyaivāyāsa-bāhulya-kāraṇān mokṣaḥ syān nāśramāntarāṇāṃ śrauta-nitya-karma-rahitatvād iti | tad apy asat | sarvopaniṣatsu itihāsa-purāṇa-yoga-śāstre ca jñānāṅgatvena mumukṣoḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-vidhānād āśrama-vikalpa-samuccaya-vidhānāc ca śruti-smṛtyoḥ |
siddhas tarhi sarvāśramiṇāṃ jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayaḥ ? na, mumukṣoḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-vidhānāt | vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti [BAU 3.5.1], tasmāt saṃnyāsam eṣāṃ tapasām atiriktam āhuḥ [NāU 2.79], nyāsa evātyarecayet [NāU 2.78], iti | na karmaṇā na prajayā dhanena tyāgenaike 'mṛtatvam ānaśuḥ [NāU 2.12] iti ca | brahmacaryād eva pravrajet [JāvāU 4] ity ādyāḥ śrutayaḥ |
saṃsāram eva niḥsāraṃ dṛṣṭvā sāra-didṛkṣayā | pravrajanty akṛtodvāhāḥ paraṃ vairāgyam āśritāḥ || iti bṛhaspatir api kacaṃ prati |
karmaṇā badhyate jantur vidyayā ca vimucyate |
ihāpi sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasya ity ādi | mokṣasya cākāryatvān mumukṣoḥ karmānarthakyam | nityāni pratyavāya-parihārārtham anuṣṭheyāni iti cet, na | asaṃnyāsi-viṣayatvāt pratyavāya-prāpteḥ | na hi agnikāryādy-akaraṇāt saṃnyāsinaḥ pratyavāyaḥ kalpayituṃ śakyo yathā brahmacāriṇām asaṃnyāsinām api karmiṇām | na tavan nityānāṃ karmaṇām abhāvād eva bhāva-rūpasya pratyavāyasya utpattiḥ kalpayituṃ śakyā katham asataḥ sajjāyate [ChāU 6.2.2] iti asataḥ sajjanmāsambhava-śruteḥ |
yadi vihitākaraṇād asambhāvyam api pratyavāyaṃ brūyād vedas tadā anartha-karo vedaḥ apramāṇam ity uktaṃ syāt | vihitasya karaṇākaraṇayoḥ duḥkha-mātra-phalatvāt | tathā ca kārakaṃ śāstraṃ na jñāpakam iti anupapannārthaṃ kalpitaṃ syāt | na caitad iṣṭam | tasmān na saṃnyāsināṃ karmāṇi ato jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayānupapattiḥ | jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te matā buddhir iti | arjunasya praśnānupapatteś ca |
yadi hi bhagavatā dvitīye adhyāye jñānaṃ karma ca samuccayena tvayānuṣṭheyam ity uktaṃ syāt tato 'rjunasya praśno 'nupapanno jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te matā buddhir janārdana iti | arjunāya ced buddhi-karmaṇī tvayānuṣṭheye iti ukte yā karmaṇo jyāyasī buddhiḥ sā apy uktā eveti tat kiṃ karmaṇi ghore māṃ niyojayasi keśava iti praśno na kathaṃcana upapadyate |
na cārjunasyaiva jyāyasī buddhir nānuṣṭheyeti bhagavatoktaṃ pūrvam iti kalpayituṃ yuktam, yena jyāyasī ced iti praśnaḥ syāt | yadi punar ekasya puruṣasya jñāna-karmaṇor virodhād yugapad anuṣṭhānaṃ na sambhavatīti bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvaṃ bhagavatā pūrvam uktaṃ syāt tato 'yaṃ praśna upapannaḥ jyāyasī ced ity ādiḥ |
avivekataḥ praśna-kalpanāyām api bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvena bhagavataḥ prativacanaṃ nopapadyate | na cājñāna-nimittaṃ bhagavat-prativacanaṃ kalpyam | asmāc ca bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvena jñāna-karma-niṣṭhayor bhagavataḥ prativacana-darśanāt, jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayānupapattiḥ | tasmāt kevalād eva jñānān mokṣa ity eṣo 'rtho niścito gītāsu sarvopaniṣatsu ca | jñāna-karmaṇor ekaṃ vada niścitya iti ca eka-viṣayaiva prārthanānupapannobhayoḥ samuccaya-sambhave |
kuru karmaiva tasmāt tvam iti ca jñāna-niṣṭhā-sambhavam arjunasyāvadhāraṇena darśayiṣyati |
jyāyasī śreyasī cet yadi karmaṇaḥ sakāśāt te tava matā abhipretā buddhir jñānam | he janārdana ! yadi buddhi-karmaṇī samuccite iṣṭe tadaikaṃ śreyaḥ-sādhanam iti karmaṇo jyāyasī buddhir iti karmaṇo 'tirikta-karaṇaṃ buddher anupapannam arjunena kṛtaṃ syāt | na hi tad eva tasmāt phalato 'tiriktaṃ syāt | tathā ca, karmaṇaḥ śreyaskarī bhagavatoktā buddhiḥ | aśreyaskaraṃ ca karma kurv iti māṃ pratipādayati, tat kiṃ nu kāraṇam iti bhagavata upālambham iva kurvan tat kiṃ kasmāt karmaṇi ghore krūre hiṃsā-lakṣaṇe māṃ niyojayasi keśava iti ca yad āha, tac ca nopapadyate | atha smārtenaiva karmaṇā samuccayaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhagavatokto 'rjunena cāvadhārita cet, tat kiṃ karmaṇi ghore māṃ niyojayasi ity ādi kathaṃ yuktaṃ vacanam ||BhGS_3.1||
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kiṃ ca -
vyāmiśreṇeva, yadyapi vivaktābhidhāyī bhagavān, tathāpi mama manda-buddher vyāmiśram iva bhagavad-vākyaṃ pratibhāti | tena mama buddhiṃ mohayasīva, mama buddhi-vyāmohāpanayāya hi pravṛttas tvaṃ tu kathaṃ mohayasi ? ataḥ bravīmi | buddhiṃ mohayasi iva me mama iti | tvaṃ tu bhinna-kartṛkayoḥ jñāna-karmaṇor eka-puruṣānuṣṭhānāsaṃbhavaṃ yadi manyase, tatraivaṃ sati tat tayor ekaṃ buddhiṃ karma vā idam evārjunasya yogyaṃ buddhi-śakty-avasthānurūpam iti niścitya vada brūhi, yena jñānena karmaṇā vā anyatareṇa śreyo 'ham āpnuyāṃ prāpnuyām |
yadi hi karma-niṣṭhāyāṃ guṇa-bhūtam api jñānaṃ bhagavatoktaṃ syāt | tat kathaṃ tayor ekaṃ vada ity eka-viṣayaivārjunasya śuśrūṣā syāt | na hi bhagavatā pūrvam uktam anyatarad eva jñāna-karmaṇoḥ vakṣyāmi, naiva dvayam iti, yena ubhaya-prāpty-asaṃbhavam ātmano manyamāna ekam eva prārthayet ||BhGS_3.2||
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praśnānurūpam eva prativacanaṃ -
loke 'smin śāstrārthānuṣṭhānādhikṛtānāṃ traivarṇikānāṃ dvi-vidhā dvi-prakārā niṣṭhā sthitiḥ anuṣṭheya-tātparyaṃ purā pūrvaṃ sargādau prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā tāsām abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-prāpti-sādhanaṃ vedārtha-saṃpradāyam āviṣkurvatā proktā mayā sarvajñena īśvareṇa he anaghāpāpa | tatra kā sā dvividhā niṣṭhā ity āha - tatra jñāna-yogena jñānam eva yogas tena sāṃkhyānām ātmānātma-viṣaya-viveka-vijñānavatāṃ brahmacaryāśramād eva kṛta-saṃnyāsānāṃ vedānta-vijñāna-suniścitārthānāṃ paramahaṃsa-parivrājakānāṃ brahmaṇy evāvasthitānāṃ niṣṭhā proktā | karma-yogena karma eva yogaḥ karma-yogas tena karma-yogena yogināṃ karmiṇāṃ niṣṭhā proktā ity arthaḥ |
yadi caikena puruṣeṇa ekasmai puruṣārthāya jñānaṃ karma ca samuccityānuṣṭheyaṃ bhagavatā iṣṭam uktaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ vā gītāsu vedeṣu coktam, katham ihārjunāya upasannāya priyāya viśiṣṭābhinna-puruṣa-kartṛke eva jñāna-karma-niṣṭhe brūyāt ? yadi punar arjuno jñānaṃ karma ca dvayaṃ śrutvā svayam evānuṣṭhāsyati anyeṣāṃ tu bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatāṃ vakṣyāmi iti mataṃ bhagavataḥ kalpyeta, tadā rāga-dveṣavān apramāṇa-bhūto bhagavān kalpitaḥ syāt | tac cāyuktam | tasmāt kayāpi yuktyā na samuccayo jñāna-karmaṇoḥ ||
yad arjunenoktaṃ karmaṇo jyāyastvaṃ buddhes tac ca sthitam anirākaraṇāt | tasyāś ca jñāna-niṣṭhāyāḥ saṃnyāsinām evānuṣṭheyatvam , bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyatva-vacanāt | bhagavata evam evānumatam iti gamyate ||BhGS_3.3||
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māṃ ca bandha-kāraṇe karmaṇy eva niyojayasi iti viṣaṇṇa-manasam arjunam karma nārabhe ity evaṃ manvānam ālakṣya āha bhagavān - na karmaṇāman ārambhād iti | athavā - jñāna-karma-niṣṭhayoḥ paraspara-virodhād ekena puruṣeṇa yugapad anuṣṭhātum aśakyatve sati itaretarānapekṣayor eva puruṣārtha-hetutve prāpte karma-niṣṭhāyā jñāna-niṣṭhā-prāpti-hetutvena puruṣārtha-hetutvam, na svātantryeṇa | jñāna-niṣṭhā tu karma-niṣṭhopāya-labdhātmikā satī svātantryeṇa puruṣārtha-hetuḥ anyānapekṣā, ity etam arthaṃ pradarśayiṣyan āha bhagavān -
na karmaṇā kriyāṇāṃ yajñādīnām iha janmani janmāntare vā anuṣṭhitānām upātta-durita-kṣaya-hetutvena sattva-śuddhi-kāraṇānāṃ tat-kāraṇatvena ca jñānotpatti-dvāreṇa jñāna-niṣṭhā-hetūnām,
jñānam utpadyate puṃsāṃ kṣayāt pāpasya karmaṇaḥ |
anārambhād ananuṣṭhānāt naiṣkarmyaṃ niṣkarma-bhāvaṃ karma-śūnyatāṃ jñāna-yogena niṣṭhāṃ niṣkriyātma-svarūpeṇaivāvasthānam iti yāvat | puruṣo nāśnute na prāpnotīty arthaḥ | karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ nāśnuta iti vacanāt tad-viparyayāt teṣām ārambhān naiṣkarmyam aśnuta iti gamyate | kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ nāśnute iti ? ucyate, karmārambhasyaiva naiṣkarmyopāyatvāt | na hy upāyam antareṇa upeya-prāptir asti | karma-yogopāyatvaṃ ca naiṣkarmya-lakṣaṇasya jñāna-yogasya, śrutau iha ca pratipādanāt | śrutau tāvat prakṛtasyātma-lokasya vedyasya vedanopāyatvena tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena [BAU 4.4.22] ity ādinā karma-yogasya jñāna-yogopāyatvaṃ pratipāditam | ihāpi ca - saṃnyāsas tu mahābāho duḥkham āptum ayogataḥ [kraītā 5.6], yoginaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvātmaśuddhaye [kraītā 5.11], yajño dānaṃ tapaś caiva pāvanāni manīṣiṇām [kraītā 18.5] ity ādi pratipādayiṣyati |
nanu cābhayaṃ sarva-bhūtebhyo dattvā naiṣkarmyam ācaret ity ādau kartavya-karma-saṃnyāsād api naiṣkarmya-prāptiṃ darśayati | loke ca karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyam iti prasiddhataram | ataś ca naiṣkarmyārthinaḥ kiṃ karmārambheṇa ? iti prāptam | ata āha- na ca saṃnyasanād eveti | nāpi saṃnyasanād eva kevalāt karma-parityāga-mātrād eva jñāna-rahitāt siddhiṃ naiṣkarmya-lakṣaṇāṃ jñāna-yogena niṣṭhāṃ samadhigacchati na prāpnoti ||BhGS_3.4||
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kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt karma-saṃnyāsa-mātrād eva kevalāt jñāna-rahitāt siddhiṃ naiṣkarmya-lakṣaṇāṃ puruṣo nādhigacchati iti hetv-ākāṅkṣāyām āha -
na hi yasmāt kṣaṇam api kālaṃ jātu kadācit kaścit tiṣṭhaty akarma-kṛt san | kasmāt ? kāryate pravartyate hi yasmād avaśa evāsvatantra eva karma sarvaḥ prāṇī prakṛti-jaiḥ prakṛtito jātaiḥ sattva-rajas-tamobhiḥ guṇaiḥ | ajña iti vākya-śeṣaḥ, yato vakṣyati guṇair yo na vicālyate iti | sāṃkhyānāṃ pṛthak-karaṇāt ajñānām eva hi karma-yogaḥ, na jñāninām | jñānināṃ tu guṇair acālyamānānāṃ svataś calanābhāvāt karma-yogo nopapadyate | tathā ca vyākhyātam vedāvināśinam [kraītā 2.21] ity atra ||BhGS_3.5||
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yat tv anātmajñaḥ coditaṃ karma nārabhate iti tad asad evety āha -
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yas tu punaḥ karmaṇy adhikṛto 'jñaḥ buddhīndriyāṇi manasā niyamya ārabhate arjuna karmendriyaiḥ vāk-pāṇy-ādibhiḥ | kim ārabhate ity āha-karma-yogam asaktaḥ san phalābhisandhi-varjitaḥ sa viśiṣyate itarasmāt mithyācārāt ||BhGS_3.7||
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yataḥ evam ataḥ-
niyataṃ nityaṃ śāstropadiṣṭam | yo yasmin karmaṇy adhikṛtaḥ phalāya cāśrutaṃ tan niyataṃ karma, tat kuru tvaṃ he arjuna ! yataḥ karma jyāyo 'dhikataraṃ phalataḥ | hi yasmād akarmaṇo 'karaṇāt anārambhāt | katham ? śarīra-yātrā śarīra-sthitir api ca te tava na prasidhyet prasiddhiṃ na gacchet akarmaṇo 'karaṇāt | ato dṛṣṭaḥ karmākarmaṇor viśeṣo loke ||BhGS_3.8||
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yac ca manyase bandhārthatvāt karma na kartavyam iti tad apy asat | katham ?
yajño vai viṣṇuḥ [TaittS 1.7.4] iti śruter yajña īśvaraḥ | tad-arthaṃ yat kriyate tat yajñārthaṃ karma | tasmāt karmaṇo 'nyatrānyena karmaṇā loko 'yam adhikṛtaḥ karma-kṛt karma-bandhanaḥ [Taitt.Bhā. 3.1.6] karma bandhanaṃ yasya so 'yaṃ karma-bandhano lokaḥ, na tu yajñārthāt | atas tad-arthaṃ yajñārthaṃ karma kaunteya, mukta-saṅgaḥ karma-phala-saṅga-varjitaḥ san samācāra nirvartaya ||BhGS_3.9||
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itaś cādhikṛtena karma kartavyam -
saha-yajñāḥ yajña-sahitāḥ prajās trayo varṇās tāḥ sṛṣṭvotpādya purā pūrvaṃ sargādāv uvāca uktavān prajāpatiḥ prajānāṃ srāṣṭā | anena yajñena prasaviṣyadhvaṃ prasavo vṛddhir utpattis tāṃ kurudhvam | eṣa yajño vo yuṣmākam astu bhavatu iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk | iṣṭān abhipretān kāmān phala-viśeṣān dogdhīti iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk ||BhGS_3.10||
============================== katham ?
devān indrādīn bhāvayata vardhayatānena yajñena | te devā bhāvayantu āpyāyayantu vṛṣṭy-ādinā vo yuṣmān | evaṃ parasparam anyonyaṃ bhāvayantaḥ śreyaḥ paraṃ mokṣa-lakṣaṇaṃ vijñāna-prāpti-krameṇāvāpsyatha | svargaṃ vā paraṃ śreyo 'vāpsyatha ||BhGS_3.11||
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kiṃ ca -
iṣṭān abhipretān bhogān hi vo yuṣmabhyaṃ devā dāsyante vitariṣyanti | strī-paśu-putrādīn yajña-bhāvitā yajñair vardhitās toṣitā ity arthaḥ | tair devair dattān bhogān apradāyādattvā, ānṛṇyam akṛtvety arthaḥ | ebhyo devebhyaḥ | yo bhuṅkte sva-dehendriyāṇy eva tarpayati stena eva taskara eva sa devādi-svāpahārī ||BhGS_3.12||
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ye punaḥ-
deva-yajñādīn nirvartya tac-chiṣṭam aśanam amṛtākhyam aśituṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te yajña-śiṣṭāśinaḥ santo mucyante sarva-kilbiṣaiḥ sarva-pāpaiś cully-ādi-pañca-sūnākṛtaiḥ pramāda-kṛta-hiṃsādi-janitaiś cānyaiḥ | ye tv ātmaṃbharayo bhuñjate te tv aghaṃ pāpaṃ svayam api pāpā ye pacanti pākaṃ nirvartayanti ātma-kāraṇāt ātma-hetoḥ ||BhGS_3.13||
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itaś cādhikṛtena karma kartavyam | jagac-cakra-pravṛtti-hetur hi karma | katham ? ity ucyate -
annād bhuktāl lohita-retaḥ-pariṇatāt pratyakṣaṃ bhavanti jāyante bhūtāni | parjanyād vṛṣṭer annasya saṃbhavo 'nna-saṃbhavaḥ | yajñād bhavati parjanyaḥ |
agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyag ādityam upatiṣṭhate |
yajño 'pūrvam | sa ca yajñaḥ karma-samudbhavaḥ | ṛtvig-yajamānayoś ca vyāpāraḥ karma, tad-samudbhavo yasya yajñasyāpūrvasya sa yajñaḥ karma-samudbhavaḥ ||BhGS_3.14||
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tac caivaṃvidhaṃ karma kuto jātam ity āha -
karma brahmodbhavaṃ | brahma vedaḥ | sa udbhavaḥ kāraṇaṃ prakāśako yasya tat karma brahmodbhavaṃ viddhi vijānīhi | brahma punaḥ vedākhyam akṣara-samudbhavam akṣaraṃ brahma paramātmā samudbhavo yasya tat akṣara-samudbhavam | brahma veda ity arthaḥ | yasmāt sākṣāt paramātmākhyād akṣarāt puruṣa-niḥśvāsavat samudbhūtaṃ brahma tasmāt sarvārtha-prakāśakatvāt sarva-gatam | sarva-gatam api sat nityaṃ sadā yajña-vidhi-pradhānatvāt yajñe pratiṣṭhitam ||BhGS_3.15||
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evam ittham īśvareṇa veda-yajña-pūrvakaṃ jagac-cakraṃ pravartitaṃ nānuvartayatīha loke yaḥ karmaṇy adhikṛtaḥ sann aghāyur aghaṃ pāpam āyur jīvanaṃ yasya so 'ghāyuḥ pāpa-jīvana iti yāvat | indriyārāmaḥ indriyair ārāmaḥ āramaṇam ākrīḍā viṣayeṣu yasya sa indriyārāmo moghaṃ vṛthā he pārtha, sa jīvati | tasmād ajñenādhikṛtena kartavyam eva karmeti prakaraṇārthaḥ | prāg ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-yogyatā-prāptes tādarthyena karma-yogānuṣṭhānam adhikṛtenānātmajñena kartavyam evety etan na karmaṇām anārambhād [Gītā 3.4] ity ata ārabhya śarīra-yātrāpi ca te na prasidhyed akarmaṇa [Gītā 3.8] ity evam antena pratipādya, yajñārthāt karmaṇo 'nyatra [Gītā 3.9] ity ādinā moghaṃ pārtha sa jīvati ity evam antenāpi granthena prāsaṅgikam adhikṛtasyānātmavidaḥ karmānuṣṭhāne bahu kāraṇam uktam | tad-akaraṇe ca doṣa-saṃkīrtanaṃ kṛtam ||BhGS_3.16||
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yas tu sāṃkhya ātma-jñāna-niṣṭha ātma-ratiḥ ātmany eva ratir na viṣayeṣu yasya sa ātma-ratir eva syād bhaved ātma-tṛptaś cātmanaiva tṛpto nānna-rasādinā sa mānavo manuṣyaḥ saṃnyāsī ātmany eva ca santuṣṭaḥ | santoṣo hi bāhyārtha-lābhe sarvasya bhavati, tam anapekṣya ātmany eva ca santuṣṭaḥ sarvato vīta-tṛṣṇa ity etat | ya īdṛśaḥ ātma-vit tasya kāryaṃ karaṇīyaṃ na vidyate nāstīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.17||
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kiṃ ca -
naiva tasya paramātma-rateḥ kṛtena karmaṇārthaḥ prayojanam asti | astu tarhy akṛtenākaraṇena pratyavāyākhyo 'narthaḥ | nākṛteneha loke kaścana kaścid api pratyavāya-prāpti-rūpaḥ ātma-hāni-lakṣaṇo vā naivāsti | na cāsya sarva-bhūteṣu brahmādi-sthāvarānteṣu bhūteṣu kaścid artha-vyapāśrayaḥ prayojana-nimitta-kriyā-sādhyo vyapāśrayaḥ | vyapāśrayaṇam ālambanaṃ kaṃcit bhūta-viśeṣam āśritya na sādhyaḥ kaścid artho 'sti, yena tad-arthā kriyā anuṣṭheyā syāt | na tvam etasmin sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīye samyag-darśane vartase ||BhGS_3.18||
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yataḥ evam -
tasmāt asaktaḥ saṅgavarjitaḥ satataṃ sarvadā kāryaṃ kartavyaṃ nityaṃ karma samācara nirvartaya | asakto hi yasmāt samācaran īśvarārthaṃ karma kurvan paraṃ mokṣam āpnoti pūruṣaḥ sattvaśuddhidvāreṇa ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.19||
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yasmāc ca -
karmaṇaiva hi yasmāt pūrve kṣatriyāḥ vidvāṃsaḥ saṃsiddhiṃ mokṣaṃ gantum āsthitāḥ pravṛttāḥ | ke ? janakādayaḥ janakā vapatiprabhṛtayaḥ | yadi te prāptasamyagdarśanāḥ, tataḥ lokasaṃgrahārthaṃ prārabdhakarmatvāt karmaṇā sahaivāsaṃnyasyaiva karma saṃsiddhimāsthitā ity arthaḥ | athāprāptasamyagadarśanāḥ janakādayaḥ, tadā karmaṇā sattvaśuddhisādhanabhūtena ktrameṇa saṃsiddhimāsthitā iti vyākhyeyaḥ lokaḥ | atha manyase pūrverapi janakādibhiḥ ajānadbhireva kartavyaṃ karma kṛtam | tāvatā nāvaśyamanyena kartavyaṃ samyagdarśanavatā kṛtātheneti | tathāpi prārabdhakarmāyattaḥ tvaṃ lokasaṃgraham evāpi lokasya unmārgapravṛttinivāraṇaṃ lokasaṃgrahaḥ, tamevāpi prayojanaṃ saṃpaśyan kartum arhasi ||BhGS_3.20||
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loka-saṃgrahaḥ kim arthaṃ kartavya ity ucyate -
yadyat karma ācarati karoti śreṣṭhaḥ pradhānaḥ tattadeva karma ācarati itaro 'nyaḥ janaḥ tadanugataḥ | kiṃ ca saḥ śreṣṭhaḥ yat pramāṇaṃ kurute laukikaṃ vaidikaṃ vā lokaḥ tat anuvartate tadeva pramāṇīkaroti ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.21||
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yady atra te loka-saṃgraha-kartavyatāyāṃ vipratipattis tarhi māṃ kiṃ na paśyasi ?
na me mama pārtha nāsti na vidyate kartavyaṃ triṣv api lokeṣu kiṃcana kiṃcid api | kasmāt ? nānavāptam aprāptam avāptavyaṃ prāpaṇīyam | tathāpi varta eva ca karmaṇy aham ||BhGS_3.22||
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yadi hi punar ahaṃ na varteya jātu kadācit karmaṇy atandrito 'nalasaḥ san mama śreṣṭhasya sato vatrma mārgam anuvartante manuṣyāḥ | he pārtha ! sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ ||BhGS_3.23||
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utsīdeyur vinaśyeyur ime sarve lokāḥ loka-sthiti-nimittasya karmaṇo 'bhāvāt na kuryāṃ karma ced aham | kiṃ ca, saṃkarasya ca kartā syām | tena kāraṇena upahanyām imāḥ prajāḥ | prajānām anugrahāya pravṛtta upahatim upahananaṃ kuryām ity arthaḥ | mama īśvarasyānanurūpam āpadyate ||BhGS_3.24||
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yadi punar aham iva tvaṃ kṛtārtha-buddhiḥ, ātmavid anyo vā, tasyāpi ātmanaḥ kartavyābhāve 'pi parānugraha eva kartavya ity āha -
saktāḥ karmaṇy asya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ mama bhaviṣyatīti kecid avidvāṃso yathā kurvanti bhārata, kuryād vidvān ātmavit tathāsaktaḥ san | tadvat kim arthaṃ karoti ? tat sṛṇu - cikīrṣuḥ kartum icchuḥ loka-saṃgraham ||BhGS_3.25||
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evaṃ loka-saṃgrahaṃ cikīrṣer na mamātma-vidaḥ kartavyam asti anyasya vā loka-saṃgrahaṃ muktvā | tatas tasya ātma-vidaḥ idam upadiśyate -
buddhi-bhedo buddhi-bhedo mayā idaṃ kartavyaṃ bhoktavyaṃ cāsya karmaṇaḥ phalam iti niścaya-rūpāyā buddher bhedanaṃ cālanaṃ buddhi-bhedas taṃ na janayen notpādayed ajñānām avivekināṃ karma-saṅgināṃ karmaṇy āsaktānāṃ āsaṅgavatām | kiṃ nu kuryāt ? joṣayet kārayet sarva-karmāṇi vidvān svayaṃ tad evāviduṣāṃ karma yukto 'bhiyuktaḥ samācaran ||BhGS_3.26||
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avidvān ajñaḥ kathaṃ karmasu sajjate ? ity āha -
prakṛteḥ prakṛtiḥ pradhānaṃ sattva-rajas-tamasāṃ guṇānāṃ sāmyāvasthā | tasyāḥ prakṛteḥ guṇaiḥ vikāraiḥ kārya-karaṇa-rūpaiḥ kriyamāṇāni karmāṇi laukikāni śāstrīyāṇi ca sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakārair ahaṃkāra-vimūḍhātmā kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātātma-pratyayo 'haṃkāras tena vividhaṃ nānāvidhaṃ mūḍha ātmā antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya so 'yaṃ kārya-karaṇa-dharmā kārya-karaṇābhimānī avidyayā karmāṇi ātmani manyamānaḥ tat-tat-karmaṇām ahaṃ karteti manyate ||BhGS_3.27||
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yaḥ punar vidvān -
tattvavit tu mahābāho | kasya tattvavit ? guṇakarmavibhāgayoḥ guṇavibhāgasya karmavibhāgasya ca tattvavit ity arthaḥ | guṇāḥ karaṇātmakāḥ guṇeṣu viṣayātmakeṣu vartante na ātmā iti matvā na sajjate saktiṃ na karoti ||BhGS_3.28||
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ye punaḥ -
prakṛteḥ guṇaiḥ samyak mūḍhāḥ saṃmohitāḥ santaḥ sajjante guṇānāṃ karmasu guṇa-karmasu vayaṃ karma kurmaḥ phalāya iti | tān karma-saṅgino 'kṛtsna-vidaḥ karma-phala-mātra-darśino mandān manda-prajñān kṛtsna-vit ātma-vit svayaṃ na vicālayet buddhi-bheda-karaṇam eva cālanaṃ tan na kuryāt ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.29||
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kathaṃ punaḥ karmaṇy adhikṛtenājñena mumukṣuṇā karma kartavyam iti, ucyate --
mayi vāsudeve parameśvare sarvajñe sarvātmani sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasya nikṣipyādhyātma-cetasā viveka-buddhyā, ahaṃ kartā īśvarāya bhṛtyavat karomi ity anayā buddhyā | kiṃ ca, nirāśīs tyaktāśīḥ nirmamo mama-bhāvaś ca nirgato yasya tava sa tvaṃ nirmamo bhūtvā yudhyasva vigata-jvaro vigata-santāpo vigata-śokaḥ sann ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.30||
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yad etan mama mataṃ karma kartavyam iti sa-pramāṇam uktaṃ tat tathā -
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ye tu tad-viparītā etan mama matam abhyasūyanto nindanto nānutiṣṭhanti nānuvartante me matam | sarveṣu jñāneṣu vividhaṃ mūḍhās te | sarva-jñāna-vimūḍhāṃs tān viddhi jānīhi naṣṭān nāśaṃ gatān acetaso 'vivekinaḥ ||BhGS_3.32||
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kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt tvadīyaṃ mataṃ nānutiṣṭhantaḥ para-dharmān anutiṣṭhanti ? sva-dharmaṃ ca nānuvartante ? tvat-pratikūlāḥ kathaṃ na bibhyati tvac-chāsanātikrama-doṣāt ? tatrāha -
sadṛśam anurūpaṃ ceṣṭate ceṣṭāṃ karoti | kasyāḥ ? svasyāḥ svakīyāyāḥ prakṛteḥ | prakṛtir nāma pūrva-kṛta-dharmādharmādi-saṃskārā vartamāna-janmādāv abhivyaktāḥ | sā prakṛtiḥ | tasyāḥ sadṛśam eva sarvo jantur jñānavān api ceṣṭate, kiṃ punar mūrkhaḥ ? tasmāt prakṛtiṃ yānty anugacchanti bhūtāni prāṇinaḥ | nigraho niṣedha-rūpaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati mama vānyasya vā ? durnigrahā prakṛtir iti vākya-śeṣaḥ ||BhGS_3.33||
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yadi sarvo jantur ātmanaḥ prakṛti-sadṛśam eva ceṣṭate, na ca prakṛti-śūnyaḥ kaścid asti, tataḥ puruṣakārasya viṣayānupapatteḥ śāstrānarthakya-prāptāv idam ucyate -
indriyasyendriyasyārthe sarvendriyāṇām arthe śabdādi-viṣaye iṣṭe rāgo 'niṣṭe dveṣa ity evaṃ pratīndriyārthaṃ rāgadveṣāv avaśyaṃbhāvinau tatrāyaṃ puruṣakārasya śāstrārthasya ca viṣaya ucyate | śāstrārthe pravṛttaḥ pūrvam eva rāga-dveṣayor vaśaṃ nāgacchet | yā hi puruṣasya prakṛtiḥ sā rāga-dveṣa-puraḥsaraiva sva-kārye puruṣaṃ pravartayati | tadā svadharma-parityāgaḥ para-dharmānuṣṭhānaṃ ca bhavati | yadā punā rāga-dveṣau tat-pratipakṣeṇa niyamayati tadā śāstra-dṛṣṭir eva puruṣo bhavati, na prakṛti-vaśaḥ | tasmāt tayo rāga-dveṣayor vaśaṃ nāgacchet | yatas tau hy asya puruṣasya paripanthinau śreyo-mārgasya vighna-kartārau taskarāv iva pathīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.34||
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tatra rāga-dveṣa-prayukto manyate śāsrārtham apy anyathā para-dharmo 'pi dharmatvād anuṣṭheya eva iti, tad asat -
śreyān praśasyataraḥ svo dharmaḥ svadharmo viguṇo 'pi vigata-guṇo 'pi anuṣṭhīyamānaḥ para-dharmāt svanuṣṭhitāt sādguṇyena saṃpāditād api | sva-dharme sthitasya nidhanaṃ maraṇam api śreyaḥ para-dharme sthitasya jīvitāt | kasmāt ? para-dharmaḥ bhayāvahaḥ narakādi-lakṣaṇaṃ bhayam āvahatīti yataḥ ||BhGS_3.35||
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yadyapi anartha-mūlam dhyāyato viṣayān puṃsa [Gītā 2.62] iti rāga-dveṣau hy asya paripanthinau [Gītā 3.34] iti coktam | vikṣiptam anavadhāritaṃ ca tad uktam | tat saṃkṣiptaṃ niścitaṃ ca idam eveti jñātum icchan arjuna uvāca jñāte hi tasmin tad-ucchedāya yatnaṃ kuryām iti arjuna uvāca-
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śṛṇu tvaṃ taṃ vairiṇaṃ sarvānartha-karaṃ yaṃ tvaṃ pṛcchasīti bhagavān uvāca -
ity aiśvaryādi-ṣaṭkaṃ yasmin vāsudeve nityam apratibaddhatvena sāmastyena ca vartate,
utpatty-ādi-viṣayaṃ ca vijñānaṃ yasya sa vāsudevo vācyo bhagavān iti |
kāma iti | kāma eṣa sarva-loka-śatrur yan-nimittā sarvānartha-prāptiḥ prāṇinām | sa eṣa kāmaḥ pratihataḥ kenacit krodhatvena pariṇamate | ataḥ krodho 'py eṣa eva rajo-guṇa-samudbhavo rajaś ca tad-guṇaś ca rajo-guṇaḥ sa samudbhavo yasya sa kāmo rajo-guṇa-samudbhavaḥ | rajo-guṇasya vā samudbhavaḥ | kāmo hy udbhūto rajaḥ pravartayan puruṣaṃ pravartayati | tṛṣṇayā hy ahaṃkārita iti duḥkhināṃ rajaḥ-kārye sevādau pravṛttānāṃ pralāpaḥ śrūyate | mahāśano mahad aśanaṃ asyeti mahāśanaḥ | ataeva mahā-pāpmā | kāmena hi prerito jantuḥ pāpaṃ karoti | ato viddhy enaṃ kāmam iha saṃsāre vairiṇam ||BhGS_3.37||
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kathaṃ vairī ? iti dṛṣṭāntaiḥ pratyāyayati -
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kiṃ punas tad idaṃ-śabda-vācyaṃ yat kāmenāvṛtam ity ucyate -
āvṛtam etena jñānaṃ jñānino nitya-vairiṇā, jñānī hi jānāty anenāham anarthe prayuktaḥ pūrvam eveti | duḥkhī ca bhavati nityam eva | ato 'sau jñānino nitya-vairī, na tu mūrkhasya | sa hi kāmaṃ tṛṣṇā-kāle mitram iva paśyan tat-kārye duḥkhe prāpte jānāti tṛṣṇayāhaṃ duḥkhitvam āpādita iti, na pūrvam eva | ato jñānina eva nitya-vairī | kiṃ-rūpeṇa ? kāma-rūpeṇa kāma icchaiva rūpam asyeti kāmarūpas tena duṣpūreṇa duḥkhena pūraṇam asyeti duṣpūras tenānalena nāsyālaṃ paryāptir vidyata ity analas tena ca ||BhGS_3.39||
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kim adhiṣṭhānaḥ punaḥ kāmo jñānasyāvaraṇatvena vairī sarvasya lokasya ? ity apekṣāyām āha, jñāte hi śatror adhiṣṭhāne sukhena nibarhaṇaṃ kartuṃ śakyata iti-
indriyāṇi mano buddhiś cāsya kāmasyādhiṣṭhānam āśraya ucyate | etair indriyādibhir āśrayair vimohayati vividhaṃ mohayaty eṣa kāmo jñānam āvṛtya ācchādya dehinaṃ śarīriṇam ||BhGS_3.40||
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yata evam -
tasmāt tvam indriyāṇy ādau pūrvam eva niyamya vaśīkṛtya bharatarṣabha pāpmānaṃ pāpācāraṃ kāmaṃ prajahihi parityaja enaṃ prakṛtaṃ vairiṇaṃ jñāna-vijñāna-nāśanaṃ jñānaṃ śāstrata ācāryataś cātmādīnām avabodhaḥ | vijñānaṃ viśeṣatas tad-anubhavas tayor jñāna-vijñānayoḥ śreyaḥ-prāpti-hetvor nāśanaṃ nāśa-karaṃ prajahihi ātmanaḥ parityajety arthaḥ ||BhGS_3.41||
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indriyāṇy ādau niyamya kāmaṃ śatruṃ jahihi ity uktam | tatra kim āśrayaḥ kāmaṃ jahyāt ity ucyate --
indriyāṇi śrotrādīni pañca | dehaṃ sthūlaṃ bāhyaṃ paricchinnaṃ cāpekṣya saukṣmyāntaratva-vyāpitvādy-apekṣayā parāṇi prakṛṣṭāny āhuḥ paṇḍitāḥ | tathā indriyebhyaḥ paraṃ manaḥ saṃkalpa-vikalpātmakam | tathā manasas tu parā buddhir niścayātmikā | tathā yaḥ sarva-dṛśyebhyo buddhy-antebhyo 'bhyantaro yaṃ dehinam indriyādibhir āśrayair yuktaḥ kāmo jñānāvaraṇa-dvāreṇa mohayatīty uktam | buddheḥ paratas tu sa | sa buddher draṣṭā | para ātmā ||BhGS_3.42||
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tataḥ kim --
evaṃ buddheḥ param ātmānaṃ buddhvā jñātvā saṃstabhya samyak stambhanaṃ kṛtvātmānaṃ svenaivātmanā saṃskṛtena manasā samyak samādhāyety arthaḥ | jahy enaṃ śatruṃ he mahābāho ! kāma-rūpaṃ durāsadaṃ duḥkhenāsada āsādanaṃ prāptir yasya taṃ durāsadaṃ durvijñeyāneka-viśeṣam iti ||BhGS_3.43||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda- śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ ||3||
BhG 4
atha caturtho 'dhyāyaḥ (śaṅkara-bhāṣyaḥ)
yo 'yaṃ yogo 'dhyāya-dvayenokto jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇaḥ sa sannyāsaḥ karma-yogopāyaḥ | yasmin vedārthaḥ parisamāptaḥ pravṛtti-lakṣaṇo nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaś ca gītāsu ca sarvāsv ayam eva yogo vivakṣito bhagavatā | ataeva parisamāptaḥ pravṛttiṃ vedārthaṃ manvānas taṃ vaṃśa-kathanena stauti śrī-bhagavān |
imam adhyāya-dvayenoktaṃ yogaṃ vivasvate ādityāya sargādau proktavān aham | jagat-paripālayitṝṇāṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ balādhānāya | tena yoga-balena yuktāḥ samarthā bhavanti brahma parirakṣituṃ, brahma-kṣatre paripālite jagat paripālayitum alam | avyayam avyaya-phalatvāt | na hy asya samyag darśana-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇasya mokṣākhyaṃ phalaṃ vyeti | sa ca vivasvān manave prāha | manur ikṣvākave sva-putrāyādirājāyābravīt ||BhGS_4.1||
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evaṃ kṣatriya-paramparā-prāptam imaṃ rājarṣayo rājānaś ca te ṛṣayaś ca rājarṣayo vidur imaṃ yogam | sa yogaḥ kāleneha mahatā dīrgheṇa naṣṭo vicchinna-sampradāyaḥ saṃvṛtto he parantapa ! ātmano vipakṣa-bhūtāḥ para ucyante tān śaurya-tejo-gabhastibhir bhānur iva tāpayatīti parantapaḥ śatru-tāpana ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.2||
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durlabhān ajitendriyān prāpya naṣṭaṃ yogam imam upalabhya lokaṃ cāpuruṣārtha-sambandhinam -
sa evāyam mayā te tubhyam adya idānīṃ yogaḥ proktaḥ purātanaḥ | bhakto 'si me sakhā cāsīti | rahasyaṃ hi yasmād etad uttamaṃ yogo jñānam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.3||
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bhagavatā vipratiṣiddham uktam iti mā bhūt kasyacid buddhir iti parihārārthaṃ codyam iva kurvann arjuna uvāca -
aparam arvāg vasudeva-gṛhe bhavato janma paraṃ pūrvaṃ sargādau janma utpattiḥ vivasvata ādityasya | tat katham etad vijānīyām aviruddhārthatayā yas tvam evādau proktavān imaṃ yogam | sa eva tvam idānīṃ mahyaṃ proktavān asīti ||BhGS_4.4||
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yā vāsudeve anīśvarāsarvajñāśaṅkā mūrkhāṇāṃ tāṃ pariharan śrī-bhagavān uvāca padartho hy arjunasya praśnaḥ -
bahūni me mama vyatītāni atikrāntāni janmāni tava ca he arjuna tāny ahaṃ veda jāne sarvāṇi na tvaṃ vettha jānīṣe | dharmādharmādi-pratibaddha-jñāna-śaktitvāt | ahaṃ punar nitya-śuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhāvatvād anāvaraṇa-jñāna-śaktir iti vedāham | he parantapa ||BhGS_4.5||
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kathaṃ tarhi tava nityeśvarasya dharmādharmābhāve 'pi janma ? ity ucyate -
ajo 'pi janma-rahito 'pi san, tathāvyayātmākṣīṇa-jñāna-śakti-svabhāvo 'pi san, tathā bhūtānāṃ brahmādi-stamba-paryantānām īśvara īśana-śīlo 'pi san | prakṛtiṃ svāṃ mama vaiṣṇavīṃ māyāṃ triguṇātmikāṃ yasyā vaśe sarvam idaṃ jagad vartate | yayā mohitaṃ jagat sat svam ātmānaṃ vāsudevaṃ na jānāti | tāṃ prakṛtiṃ svām adhiṣṭhāya vaśīkṛtya saṃbhavāmi dehavān iva bhavāmi jāta ivātma-māyayātmano māyayā, na paramārthato lokavat ||BhGS_4.6||
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tac ca janma kadā kim-arthaṃ ca ? ity ucyate -
yadā yadā hi dharmasya glānir hānir varṇāśramādi-lakṣaṇasya prāṇinām abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-sādhanasya bhavati | bhārata ! abhyutthānam udbhavo 'dharmasya tadātmānaṃ sṛjāmy ahaṃ māyayā ||BhGS_4.7||
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kim-artham ?
paritrāṇāya parirakṣaṇāya sādhūnāṃ san-mārga-sthānām | vināśāya ca duṣkṛtāṃ pāpa-kāriṇām | kiṃ ca dharma-saṃsthāpanārthāya dharmasya samyak-sthāpanaṃ tad-arthaṃ sambhavāmi | yuge yuge pratiyugam ||BhGS_4.8||
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naiṣa mokṣa-mārga idānīṃ pravṛttaḥ | kiṃ tarhi ? pūrvam api -
vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ - rāgaś ca bhayaṃ ca krodhaś ca rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ, vītā vigatā rāga-bhaya-krodhā yebhyas te vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ | man-mayā brahma-vida īśvarābheda-darśinaḥ | mām eva parameśvaram upāśritāḥ | kevala-jñāna-niṣṭhā ity arthaḥ | bahavo 'neke jñāna-tapasā jñānam eva ca paramātma-viṣayaṃ tapaḥ | tena jñāna-tapasā | pūtāḥ parāṃ śuddhiṃ gatāḥ santaḥ | mad-bhāvam īśvara-bhāvaṃ mokṣam āgatāḥ samanuprāptāḥ | itara-tapo-nirapekṣā jñāna-niṣṭhā ity asya liṅgaṃ jñāna-tapaseti viśeṣaṇam ||BhGS_4.10||
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tava tarhi rāga-dveṣau staḥ | yena kebhyaścit evātma-bhāvaṃ prayacchasi, na sarvebhyaḥ | ity ucyate -
ye yathā yena prakāreṇa yena prayojanena yat-phalārthitayā māṃ prapadyante tāṃs tathaiva tat-phala-dānena bhajāmy anugṛhṇāmy aham ity etat | teṣāṃ mokṣaṃ pratyanarthitvāt | na hy ekasya mumukṣutvaṃ phalārthitvaṃ ca yugapat sambhavati | ato ye yat-phalārthinas tāṃs tat-phala-pradānena, ye yathokta-kāriṇas tv aphalārthino mumukṣavaś ca tān jñāna-pradānena | ye jñāninaḥ sannyāsino mumukṣavaś ca tān mokṣa-pradānena, tathārtānārti-haraṇena ity evaṃ yathā prapadyante ye tāṃs tathaiva bhajāmīty arthaḥ | na punār rāga-dveṣa-nimittaṃ moha-nimittaṃ vā kaṃcid bhajāmi | sarvathāpi sarvāvasthasya mameśvarasya vartma mārgam anuvartante manuṣyāḥ | yat-phalārthitayā yasmin karmaṇy adhikṛtā ye prayatante te manuṣyā atra ucyante he pārtha sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ ||BhGS_4.11||
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yadi taveśvarasya rāgādi-doṣābhāvāt sarva-prāṇiṣv anujighṛkṣāyāṃ tulyāyāṃ sarva-phala-pradāna-samarthe ca tvayi sati vāsudevaḥ sarvaṃ [Gītā 7.19] iti jñānenaiva mumukṣavaḥ santaḥ kasmāt tvām eva sarve na pratipadyante ? iti śṛṇu tatra kāraṇam -
kāṅkṣanto 'bhīpsantaḥ karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ phala-niṣpattiṃ prārthayanto yajanta ihāsmin loke devatā indrādgny-ādyāḥ | atha yo 'nyāṃ devatām upāste 'nyo 'sāv anyo 'ham asmīti na sa veda, yathā paśuḥ | evaṃ sa devānām [BAU 1.4.10] iti śruteḥ | teṣāṃ hi bhinna-devatāyājināṃ phalākāṅkṣiṇāṃ kṣipraṃ śīghraṃ hi yasmān mānuṣe loke | manuṣya-loke hi śāstrādhikāraḥ | kṣipraṃ hi mānuṣe loke iti viśeṣaṇāt | anyeṣv api karma-phala-siddhiṃ darśayati bhagavān | mānuṣe loke varṇāśramādi-karmādhikāra iti viśeṣaḥ | teṣāṃ ca varṇāśramādhikāriṇāṃ karmiṇāṃ phala-siddhiḥ kṣipraṃ bhavati karmajā karmaṇo jātā ||BhGS_4.12||
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mānuṣa eva loke varṇāśramādi-karmādhikāraḥ | nānyeṣu lokeṣv iti niyamaḥ kiṃ-nimittaḥ ? iti | athavā varṇāśramādi-pravibhāgopetā manuṣyā mama vartmānuvartante sarvaśa [Gītā 4.11] ity uktaṃ kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇān niyamena tavaiva vartmānuvartante, nānyasya kim ? ucyate -
cāturvarṇyaṃ catvāra eva varṇāś cāturvarṇyaṃ mayeśvareṇa sṛṣṭam utpāditaṃ brāhmaṇo 'sya mukham āsīt [Ṛk 8.4.19.2, Yajuḥ 32.11] ity ādi śruteḥ | guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśo guṇa-vibhāgaśaḥ karma-vibhāgaśaś ca | guṇāḥ sattva-rajas-tamāṃsi | tatra sāttvikasya sattva-pradhānasya brāhmaṇasya śamo damas tapaḥ [Gītā 18.42] ity ādīni karmāṇi | sattvopa-sarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānasya kṣatriyasya śaurya-tejaḥ-prabhṛtīni karmāṇi | tama-upasarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānasya vaiśyasya kṛṣy-ādīni karmāṇi | raja-upasarjana-tamaḥ-pradhānasya śūdrasya śuśrūṣaiva karma | ity evaṃ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaś cāturguṇyaṃ mayā sṛṣṭam ity arthaḥ | tac cedaṃ cāturvarṇyaṃ nānyeṣu lokeṣu | ato mānuṣe loke iti viśeṣaṇam | hanta tarhi cāturvarṇya-sargādeḥ karmaṇaḥ kartṛtvāt tat-phalena yujyase 'to na tvaṃ nitya-mukto nityeśvaraś ceti | ucyate - yadyapi māyā-saṃvyavahāreṇa tasya karmaṇaḥ kartāram api santaṃ māṃ paramārthato viddhy akartāraṃ, ataevāvyayam asaṃsāriṇaṃ ca māṃ viddhi ||BhGS_4.13||
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yeṣāṃ tu karmaṇāṃ kartāraṃ māṃ manyase paramārthatas teṣām akartaivāham | yato -
na māṃ tāni karmāṇi limpanti dehādy-ārambhakatvenāhaṅkārābhāvāt | na ca teṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ phale me mama spṛhā tṛṣṇā | yeṣāṃ tu saṃsāriṇām ahaṃ kartety ābhimānaḥ karmasu spṛhā tat-phaleṣu ca tān karmāṇi limpantīti yuktam | tad-abhāvān na māṃ karmāṇi limpantīti | evaṃ yo 'nye 'pi mām ātmatvenābhijānāti nāhaṃ kartā na me karma-phale spṛheti na karmabhir na badhyate | tasyāpi na dehādy-ārambhakāni karmāṇi bhavantīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.14||
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nāhaṃ kartā, na me karma-phale spṛheti -
evaṃ jñātvā kṛtam karma pūrvair apy atikrāntair mumukṣubhiḥ | kuru tena karmaiva tvam | na tuṣṇīm āsanaṃ nāpi saṃnyāsaḥ kartavyaḥ | tasmāt tvat-pūrvair apy anuṣṭhitatvād yady anātmajñas tvaṃ tad ātma-śuddhy-artham | tattvavic cet loka-saṃgrahārtham | pūrve janakādibhiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam | nādhunātana-kṛtaṃ nivartitam ||BhGS_4.15||
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tatra karma cet kartavyaṃ tvad-vacanād eva karomy aham | kiṃ viśeṣitena ? pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam [Gītā 4.15] iti | ucyate -- yasmān mahad vaiṣamyaṃ karmaṇi | katham ?
kiṃ karma kim cākarmeti kavayo medhāvino 'py atrāsmin karmādi-viṣaye mohitā mohaṃ gatāḥ | atas te tubhyam ahaṃ karmākarma ca pravakṣyāmi yaj jñātvā viditvā karmādi mokṣyase 'śubhāt saṃsārāt ||BhGS_4.16||
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na caitat tvayā mantavyaṃ, karma nāma dehādi-ceṣṭā loka-prasiddhaṃ, akarma nāma tad-akriyā tūṣṇīm āsanam | kiṃ tatra boddhavyam ? iti | kasmāt ? ucyate -
karmaṇaḥ śāstra-vihitasya hi yasmād apy asti boddhavyam | boddhavyam cāsty eva vikarmaṇaḥ pratiṣiddhasya | tathākarmaṇaś ca tūṣṇīmbhāvasya boddhavyam astīti triṣv apy adhyāhāraḥ kartavyaḥ | yasmād gahanā viṣamā durjñānā karmaṇa ity upalakṣaṇārthaṃ karmādīnāṃ karmākarma-vikarmaṇāṃ gatir yāthātmyaṃ tattvam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.17||
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kiṃ punas tattvaṃ karmāder yad boddhavyam vakṣyāmīti pratijñātam ? ucyate --
karmaṇi | karma kriyata iti karma vyāpāra-mātraṃ, tasmin karmaṇy akarma karmābhāvaṃ yaḥ paśyet | akarmaṇi ca karmābhāve kartṛ-tantratvāt pravṛtti-nivṛttyor vastv aprāpyaiva hi sarva eva kriyākārakādi-vyavahāro 'vidyābhūmāv eva karma yaḥ paśyet paśyati | sa buddhimān manuṣyeṣu, sa yukto yogī ca kṛtsna-karma-kṛt samasta-karma-kṛc ca sa iti stūyate karmākarmaṇor itaretara-darśī |
nanu kim idaṃ viruddham ucyate karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed iti | akarmaṇi ca karma iti | na hi karmākarma syād akarma vā karma, tatra viruddhaṃ kathaṃ paśyed draṣṭā ? na | akarmaiva paramārthataḥ sat-karmavad avabhāsate mūḍha-dṛṣṭer lokasya, tathā karmaivākarmavat | tatra yathābhūta-darśanārtham āha bhagavān karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity ādi | ato na viruddham buddhimattvādy-upapatteś ca | boddhavyam iti ca yathābhūta-darśanam ucyate | na ca viparīta-jñānād aśubhān mokṣaṇaṃ syāt yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhāt [Gītā 4.16] iti coktam | tasmāt karmākarmaṇī viparyayeṇa gṛhīte prāṇibhis tad-viparyaya-grahaṇa-nivṛtty-arthaṃ bhagavato vacanaṃ karmaṇy akarma yaḥ ity ādi |
na cātra karmādhikaraṇa-karmāsti, kuṇḍe badarāṇīva | nāpy akarmādhikaraṇaṃ karmāsti karmābhāvatvād akarmaṇaḥ | ato viparīta-gṛhīte eva karmākarmaṇī laukikaiḥ, yathā mṛgatṛṣṇikāyām udakaṃ śuktikāyāṃ vā rajatam |
nanu karma karmaiva sarveṣāṃ na kvacid vyabhicarati | tan na nau-sthasya nāvi gacchantyāṃ taṭasthesv agatiṣu nageṣu pratikūla-gati-darśanāt | dūreṣu cakṣuṣāsannikṛṣṭeṣu gacchatsu gaty-abhāva-darśanāt | evam ihāpy akarmaṇy ahaṃ karomīti karma-darśanaṃ karmaṇi cākarma-darśanaṃ viparīta-darśanaṃ yena, tan-nirākaraṇārtham ucyate karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet ity ādi |
tad etad ukta-prativacanam apy asakṛd atyanta-viparīta-darśana-bhāvitatayā momuhyamāno lokaḥ śrutam apy asakṛt tattvaṃ vismṛtya vismṛtya mithyā-prasaṅgam avatāryāvatārya codayatīti punaḥ punar uttaram āha bhagavān | durvijñeyatvaṃ cālakṣya vastunaḥ | avyakto 'yam acintyo 'yaṃ [Gītā 2.25], na jāyate mriyate [Gītā 2.27] ity ādinātmani karmābhāvaḥ śruti-smṛti-nyāya-prasiddha ukto vakṣyamāṇaś ca | tasminn ātmani karmābhāve 'karmaṇi karma-viparīta-darśanam atyanta-nirūḍham | yataḥ kiṃ karma kim akarmeti kavayo 'py atra mohitāḥ [Gītā 4.16] dehādy-āśrayaṃ karmātmany adhyāropya | ahaṃ kartā mamaitat karma, mayāsya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ bhoktavyam iti ca | tathā ahaṃ tūṣṇīṃ bhavāmi, yenāhaṃ nirāyāso 'karmā sukhī syām iti kārya-karaṇāśraya-vyāpāroparamaṃ tat-kṛtaṃ casukhitvam ātmany adhyāropya na karomi kiṃcit tūṣṇīṃ sukham āsam ity abhimanyate lokaḥ | tatredaṃ lokasya viparīta-darśanāpanayanāyāha bhagavān karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity ādi |
atra ca karma karmaiva sat kārya-karaṇāśrayaṃ karma-rahito 'vikriya ātmani sarvair adhyastam | yataḥ paṇḍito 'py ahaṃ karomīti manyate | atha ātma-samavetatayā sarva-loka-prasiddhe karmaṇi nadī-kula-stheṣv iva gatiḥ pratilaumyena | ato 'karma karmābhāvaṃ yathā-bhūtaṃ gaty-abhāvam iva vṛkṣeṣu yaḥ paśyet | akarmaṇi ca kārya-karaṇa-vyāpāroparame karmavad ātmany adhyāropite tūṣṇīm akurvan sukham āse ity ahaṅkārābhisandhi-hetutvāt tasminn akarmaṇi ca karma yaḥ paśyet | ya evaṃ karmākarma-vibhāgajñaḥ sa buddhimān paṇḍito manuṣyeṣu | sa yukto yogī kṛtsna-karma-kṛc ca | so 'śubhān mokṣitaḥ kṛta-kṛtyo bhavatīty arthaḥ |
ayaṃ śloko 'nyathā vyākhyātaḥ kaiścit | katham ? nityānāṃ kila karmaṇām īśvarārthe 'nuṣṭhīyamānānāṃ tat-phalābhāvād akarmāṇi tāny ucyante gauṇyā vṛttyā | teṣāṃ cākaraṇam akarma | tac ca pratyavāya-phalatvāt karmocyate gauṇyaiva vṛttyā | tatra nitye karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet phalābhāvāt | yathā dhenur api gaur agaur ucyate kṣīrākhyaṃ phalaṃ na prayacchatīti tadvat | tathā nityākaraṇe tv akarmaṇi karmaḥ āśyen narakādi-pratyavāya-phalaṃ prayacchatīti | naitad yuktaṃ vyākhyānam | evaṃ-jñānād aśubhān mokṣānupapatteḥ | yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhāt [Gītā 4.16] iti bhagavatoktaṃ vacanaṃ bodhyeta | katham ? nityānām anuṣṭhānād aśubhāt syān nāma mokṣaṇam | na tu teṣāṃ phalābhāva-jñānāt | na hi nityānāṃ phalābhāva-jñānam aśubha-mukti-phalatvena coditaṃ nitya-karma-jñānaṃ vā | na ca bhagavativehoktam |
etenākarmaṇi karma-darśanaṃ pratyuktam | na hy akarmaṇi karmeti darśanaṃ kartavyatayeha codyate, nityasya tu kartavyatā-mātram | na cākaraṇān nityasya pratyavāyo bhavatīti vijñānāt kiṃcit phalaṃ syāt | nāpi nityākaraṇaṃ jñeyatvena coditam | nāpi karmākarmeti mithā-darśanād aśubhān mokṣaṇam | buddhimattvaṃ, yuktatā, kṛtsna-karma-kṛttvādi ca phalam upapadyate stutir vā | mithyā-jñānam eva hi sākṣād aśubha-rūpaṃ kuto 'nyasmād aśubhān mokṣaṇam ? na hi tamas tamaso nivartakaṃ bhavati |
nanu karmaṇi yad akarma-darśanam akarmaṇi vā karma-darśanaṃ, na tan-mithyā-jñānam | kiṃ tarhi gauṇaṃ phala-bhāvābhāva-nimittam ? na, karmākarma-vijñānād api gauṇāt phalasyāśravaṇāt | nāpi śruta-hānya-śruta-parikalpanayā kaścid viśeṣo labhyate | sva-śabdenāpi śakyaṃ vaktuṃ nitya-karmaṇāṃ phalaṃ nāsty akaraṇāc ca teṣāṃ naraka-pātaḥ syād iti | tatra vyājena para-vyāmoha-rūpeṇa karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity ādinā kim ? tatraiva vyācakṣāṇena bhagavatoktaṃ vākyaṃ loka-vyāmohārtham iti vyaktaṃ kalpitaṃ syāt | na caitac chadma-rūpeṇa vākyena rakṣaṇīyaṃ vastu, nāpi śabdāntareṇa punaḥ punar ucyamānaṃ subodhaṃ syād ity evaṃ vaktuṃ yuktam | karmaṇy evādhikāras te [Gītā 2.47] ity atra hi sphuṭatara ukto 'rtho na punar vaktavyo bhavati | sarvatra ca praśastaṃ boddhavyaṃ ca kartavyam eva, na niṣprayojanaṃ boddhavyam ity ucyate |
na ca mithyā-jñānaṃ boddhavyaṃ bhavati tat-pratyupasthāpitaṃ vā vastv-ābhāsam | nāpi nityānām akaraṇād abhāvāt prayavāya-bhāvotpattiḥ | nāsato vidyate bhāvo [Gītā 2.16] iti vacanāt | tat-katham asataḥ saj jāyate [ChāU 6.2.2] iti ca darśitam | asataḥ saj-janma-pratiṣedhād asataḥ sad-utpattiṃ bruvatā 'sad eva sad bhavet | sac cāsad bhaved ity uktaṃ syāt | tac cāyuktaṃ, sarva-pramāṇa-virodhāt | na ca niṣphalaṃ vidadhyāt karma śāstraṃ duḥkha-svarūpatvāt | duḥkhasya ca buddhi-pūrvakatayā kāryatvānupapatteḥ | tad-akaraṇe ca naraka-pātābhyupagame 'narthāyaiva | ubhayathāpi karaṇe 'karaṇe ca śāstraṃ niṣphalaṃ kalpitaṃ syāt | svābhyupagama-virodhaś ca nityaṃ niṣphalaṃ karmety abhyupagamya mokṣa-phalāyeti bruvataḥ | tasmād yathā-śruta evārthaḥ karmaṇy akarma ya ity ādeḥ | tathā ca vyākhyāto
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tad etat karmaṇy akarmādi-darśanaṃ stūyate -
yasya yathokta-darśinaḥ sarve yāvantaḥ samārambhāḥ karmāṇi samārabhyanta iti samārambhāḥ | kāma-saṃkalpa-varjitāḥ kāmaistat-kāraṇaiś ca saṅkalpa-varjitā mudhaiva ceṣṭā-mātrā anuṣṭhīyante | pravṛttena cel loka-saṅgrahārthaṃ, nivṛttena cej jīvana-mātrārthaṃ, taṃ jñānāgni-dagdha-karmāṇaṃ karmādāv akarmādi-darśanaṃ jñānaṃ, tad evāgnis tena jñānāgninā dagdhāni śubhāśubha-lakṣaṇāni karmāṇi yasya | tam āhuḥ paramārthataḥ paṇḍitaṃ budhāḥ brahma-vidaḥ ||BhGS_4.19||
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yas tu karmādāv akarmādi-darśī so 'karmādi-darśanād eva niṣkarmā sannyāsī jīvana-mātrārtha-ceṣṭaḥ san karmaṇi na pravartate, yadyapi prāg-vivekataḥ pravṛttaḥ | yas tu prārabdha-karmā sann uttara-kālam utpannātma-samyag-darśanaḥ syāt, sa sarva-karmaṇi prayojanam apaśyan sa-sādhanaṃ karma pariyajaty eva | sa kutaścin nimittāt karma-parityāgāsambhave sati karmaṇi tat-phale ca saṅga-rahitatayā sva-prayojanābhāvāl loka-saṅgrahārthaṃ pūrvavat karmaṇi pravṛtto 'pi naiva kiṃcit karoti jñānāgni-dagdha-karmatvāt tadīyaṃ karmākarmaiva sampadyata ity etam arthaṃ darśayiṣyann āha -
tyaktvā karmasv abhimānaṃ phalāsaṅgaṃ ca yathoktena jñānena nitya-tṛpto nirākāṅkṣo viṣayeṣv ity arthaḥ | nirāśraya āśraya-rahitaḥ | āśrayo nāma yad āśritya puruṣārthaṃ sisādhayiṣati | dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-phala-sādhanāśraya-rahita ity arthaḥ | viduṣā kriyamāṇaṃ karma paramārthato 'karmaiva | tasya niṣkriyātma-darśana-sampannatvāt | tenaivambhūtena sva-prayojanābhāvāt sa-sādhanaṃ karma parityaktavyam eveti prāpte, tato nirgamāsambhavāl loka-saṅgraha-cikīrṣayā śiṣṭa-vigarhaṇāparijihīrṣayā vā pūrvavat karmaṇy-abhipravṛtto 'pi niṣkryātma-darśana-sampannatvān naiva kiṃcit karoti saḥ ||BhGS_4.20||
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yaḥ punaḥ pūrvokta-viparītaḥ prāg eva karmāmbhād brahmaṇi sarvāntare pratyag-ātmani niṣkriye saṃjātātma-darśanaḥ, sa dṛṣṭādṛṣṭeṣṭa-viṣayāśīr vivarjitatayā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthe karmaṇi prayojanam apyaśyan sa-sādhanaṃ karma saṃnyasya śarīra-yātrā-mātra-ceṣṭo yatir jñāna-niṣṭho mucyata iti | etad arthaṃ darśayitum āha-
nirāśīr nirgatā āśiṣo yasmāt sa nirāśīḥ | yata-cittātmā cittam antaḥ-karaṇam | ātmā bāhyaḥ kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātaḥ | tāv ubhāv api yatau saṃyatau yasya sa yata-cittātmā | tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ - tyaktaḥ sarvaḥ parigraho yena sa tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ | śārīraṃ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ kevalaṃ tatrāpi abhimāna-varjitaṃ karma kurvan | nāpnoti na prāpnoti kilbiṣam aniṣṭa-rūpaṃ pāpaṃ dharmaṃ ca | dharmo 'pi mumukṣor aniṣṭa-rūpaṃ kilbiṣam eva | bandhāpādakatvāt | tasmāt tābhyāṃ mukto bhavati, saṃsārān mukto bhavatīty arthaḥ |
kiṃ ca śārīraṃ kevalaṃ karmety atra kiṃ śarīra-nirvartyaṃ śārīraṃ karmābhipretam ? āho svic charīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ śārīraṃ karma ? iti | kiṃ cāto yadi śarīra-nirvartyaṃ śārīraṃ karma yadi vā śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ śarīram ? iti | ucyate -- yadā śarīra-nirvartyaṃ karma śārīram abhipretaṃ syāt tadā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-prayojanaṃ karma pratiṣiddham api śarīreṇa kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam iti bruvato viruddhābhidhānaṃ prasajyeta | śāstrīyaṃ ca karma dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-prayojanaṃ śarīreṇa kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam ity api bruvato 'prāpta-pratiṣedha-prasaṅgaḥ | śārīraṃ karma kurvan iti viśeṣaṇāt kevala-śabda-prayogāc ca vāṅ-manasa-nirvartyaṃ karma vidhi-pratiṣedha-viṣayaṃ dharmādharma-śabda-vācyaṃ kurvan prāpnoti kilbiṣam ity uktaṃ syāt |
tatrāpi vāṅ-manasābhyāṃ vihitānuṣṭhāna-pakṣe kilbiṣa-prāpti-vacanaṃ viruddham āpadyeta | pratiṣiddha-sevi-pakṣe 'pi bhūtārthānuvāda-mātram anarthakaṃ syāt | yadā tu śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ śārīraṃ karmābhipretaṃ bhavet, tadā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-prayojanaṃ karma vidhi-pratiṣedha-gamyaṃ śarīra-vāṅ-manasa-nirvartyam anyad akruvaṃs tair eva śarīrādibhiḥ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ kevala-śabda-prayogāt ahaṃ karomi ity abhimāna-varjitaḥ śarīrādi-ceṣṭā-mātraṃ loka-dṛṣṭyā kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam | evambhūtasya pāpa-śabda-vācya-kilbiṣa-prāpty-asambhavāt kilbiṣaṃ saṃsāraṃ nāpnoti | jñānāgni-dagdha-sarva-karmatvād apratibandhena mucyate eveti pūrvokta-samyag-darśana-phalānuvāda evaiṣaḥ | evaṃ śarīraṃ kevalaṃ karma ity asyārthasya parigrahe
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tyakta-sarva-parigrahasya yater annādeḥ śarīra-sthiti-hetorḥ parigrahasyābhāvād yācanādinā śarīra-sthitau kartavyatāyāṃ prāptāyāṃ ayācitam asaṃk ptam upapannaṃ yadṛcchayā [Mbh 14.46.19; Baudhayana-dharma-sūtra 21.8.12] ity ādinā vacanenānujñātaṃ yateḥ śarīra-sthiti-hetor annādeḥ prāpti-dvāram āviṣkurvann āha -
yadṛcchā-lābha-santuṣṭaḥ prārthitopanato lābho yadṛcchā-lābhaḥ, tena santuṣṭaḥ saṃjātālaṃ-pratyayaḥ | dvandvātīto dvandvaiḥ śītoṣṇādibhir hanyamāno 'py aviṣaṇṇa-citto dvandvātīta ucyate | vimatsaro vigata-matsaro nirvaira-buddhiḥ | samas tulyo yadṛcchā-lābhasya siddhāv asiddhau ca, ya evambhūto yatir annādeḥ śarīra-sthiti-hetor lābhālābhayoḥ samo harṣa-viṣāda-varjitaḥ, karmādāv akarmādi-darśī, yathā-bhūtātma-darśana-niṣṭhaḥ san śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojane bhikṣāṭanādi-karmaṇi śarīrādi-nirvartye naiva kiṃcit karomīti [Gītā 5.8] guṇā guṇeṣu vartanta [Gītā 3.28] ity evaṃ sadā samparicakṣāṇa ātmanaḥ kartṛtvābhāvaṃ paśyann eva kiṃcid bhikṣāṭanādikaṃ karma karoti | loka-vyavahāra-sāmānya-darśanena tu laukikair āropita-kartṛtve bhikṣāṭanādau karmaṇi kartā bhavati | svānubhavena tu śāstra-pramāṇādi-janitenākartraiva | sa evaṃ parādhyāropita-kartṛtvaṃ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ bhikṣāṭanādikaṃ karma kṛtvāpi na nibadhyate, bandha-hetoḥ karmaṇaḥ sahetukasya jñānāgninā dagdhatvād ity uktānuvāda evaiṣaḥ ||BhGS_4.22||
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tyaktvā karma-phalāsaṅgaṃ [Gītā 4.20] ity anena ślokena yaḥ prārabdha-karmā san yadā niṣkriya-brahmātma-darśana-sampannaḥ syāt tadā tasyātmanaḥ kartṛ-karma-prayojanābhāva-darśinaḥ karma-parityāge prāpte kutaścin nimittāt tad-asambhave sati pūrvavat tasmin karmaṇy abhipravṛttasyāpi naiva kiṃcit karoti sa [Gītā 4.20] itikarmābhāvaḥ pradarśitaḥ | yasyaivaṃ karmābhāvo darśitas tasyaiva -
gata-saṅgasya sarvato nivṛttāsakter muktasya nivṛtta-dharmādharmādi-bandhanasya, jñānāvasthita-cetaso jñāna evāvasthitaṃ ceto yasya so 'yaṃ jñānāvasthita-cetāḥ | tasya yajñāya yajña-nirvṛtty-artham ācarato nirvartayataḥ karma samagraṃ sahāgreṇa phalena vartata iti samagraṃ karma tat-samagraṃ pravilīyate vinaśyatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.23||
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kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt kriyamāṇaṃ karma svakāryārambham akurvat samagraṃ pravilīyata ity ucyate ? yataḥ -
brahmārpaṇaṃ yena karaṇena brahmavid havir agnāv arpayati | tad brahmaiveti paśyati tasyātma-vyatirekeṇābhāvaṃ paśyati | yathā śuktikāyāṃ rajatābhāvaṃ paśyati tad ucyate brahmaivārpaṇam iti | yathā yad rajataṃ tac chuktikaiveti | brahma arpaṇam ity asamaste pade yad-arpaṇa-buddhyā gṛhyate loke tad asya brahma-vido brahmaivety arthaḥ |
brahma havis tathā yad dhavir buddhyā gṛhyamāṇaṃ tad brahmaivāsay | tathā brahmāgnau iti samastaṃ padam | agnir api brahmaiva | yatra hūyate brahmaṇā kartrā brahmaiva kartety arthaḥ | yat tena hutaṃ havana-kriyā tad brahmaiva | yat tena gantavyaṃ phalaṃ tad api brahmaiva | brahma-karma-samādhinā brahmaiva karma brahma-karma tasmin samādhir yasya sa brahma-karma-samādhis tena brahma-karma-samādhinā brahmaiva gantavyam |
evaṃ loka-saṅgrahaṃ cikīrṣuṇāpi kriyamāṇaṃ karam, paramārthato 'karma brahma-buddhy-upamṛditvāt | evaṃ sati nivṛtta-karmaṇo 'pi sarva-karma-sannyāsinaḥ samyag-darśana-stuty-arthaṃ yajñatva-sampādanaṃ jñānasya sutarām upapadyate | yad-arpaṇādy-adhiyajñe prasiddhaṃ tad asyādhyātmaṃ brahmaiva paramārtha-darśina iti | anyathā sarvasya brahmatve 'rpaṇādīnām eva viśeṣato brahmatvābhidhānam anarthakaṃ syāt | tasmād brahmaivedaṃ sarvam ity abhijānato viduṣaḥ sarva-karmābhāvaḥ |
kāraka-buddhy-abhāvāc ca | nahi kāraka-buddhi-rahitaṃ yajñākhyaṃ karma dṛṣṭam | sarvam evāgni-hotrādikaṃ karma śabda-samarpita-devatā-viśeṣa-sampradānādi-kāraka-buddhimat-kartr-abhimāna-phalābhisandhimac ca dṛṣṭam | nopamṛdita-kriyākāraka-phala-bheda-buddhimat kartṛtvābhimāna-phalābhisandhi-rahitaṃ vā | idaṃ tu brahma-buddhy-upamṛditārpaṇādi-kāraka-kriyā-phala-bheda-buddhi karmāto 'karmaiva tat |
tathā ca darśitaṃ karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet [Gītā 4.18], karmaṇy abhipravṛtto 'pi naiva kiṃcit karoti saḥ [Gītā 4.20], guṇā guṇeṣu vartante [Gītā 3.28], naiva kiṃcit karomīti yukto manyeta tattvavit [Gītā 5.8] ity ādibhiḥ | tathā ca darśayaṃs tatra tatra kriyā-kāraka-phala-bheda-buddhy-upamardaṃ karoti | dṛṣṭā ca kāmyāgnihotrādau kāmopamardena kāmyāgnihotrādi-hāniḥ | tathā mati-pūrvakām atipūrvakādīnāṃ karmaṇāṃ kārya-viśeṣasyārambhakatvaṃ dṛṣṭam | tathehāpi brahma-buddhy-upamṛditārpaṇādi-kāraka-kriyā-phala-bheda-buddher bāhya-ceṣṭā-mātreṇa karmāpi viduṣo 'karma sampadyate | ata uktaṃ samagraṃ pravilīyate [Gītā 4.23] iti |
atra kecid āhuḥ - yad brahma tad arpaṇādīni | brahmaiva kilārpaṇādinā pañca-vidhena kārakātmanā vyavasthitaṃ sat tad eva karma karoti | tatra nārpaṇādi-buddhir nivartyate | kintv arpaṇādiṣu brahma-buddhir ādhīyate | yathā pratimādau viṣṇv-ādi-buddhiḥ, yathā vā nāmādau brahma-buddhir iti | satyam evam api syād yadi jñāna-yajña-stuty-arthaṃ prakaraṇaṃ na syāt | atra tu samyag-darśanaṃ jñāna-yajña-śabditam anekān yajña-śabditān kriyā-viśeṣān upanyasya śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa [Gītā 4.33] iti jñānaṃ stauti | atra ca samartham idaṃ vacanaṃ brahmārpaṇam ity ādi jñānasya yajñatva-sampādane, anyathā sarvasya brahmatve 'rpaṇādīnām eva viśeṣato brahmatvābhidhānam anarthakaṃ syāt | ye tv arpaṇādiṣu pratimāyāṃ viṣṇu-dṛṣṭivad brahma-dṛṣṭiḥ kṣipyate | nāmādiṣv iva ceti bruvate, na teṣāṃ brahma-vidyokteha vivakṣitā syāt | arpaṇādi-viṣayatvāj jñānasya | na ca dṛṣṭi-sampādana-jñānena mokṣa-phalaṃ prāpyate | brahmaiva tena gantavyam iti cocyate |
viruddhaṃ ca samyag-darśanam antareṇa mokṣa-phalaṃ prāpyata iti | prakṛti-virodhaś ca | samyag-darśanaṃ ca prakṛtaṃ karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet [Gītā 4.18] ity atrānte ca samyag-darśanaṃ tasyaivopasaṃhārāt | śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa [Gītā 4.33] jñānaṃ labdhvā parāṃ śāntiṃ [Gītā 4.39] ity ādinā samyag-darśana-stutim eva kurvann upakṣīṇo 'dhyāyaḥ | tatrākasmād arpaṇādau brahma-dṛṣṭir aprakaraṇe pratimāyām iva viṣṇu-dṛṣṭir ucyata ity anupapannam | tasmād yathā-vyākhyātārtha evāyaṃ ślokaḥ ||BhGS_4.24||
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tatrādhunā samyag-darśanasya yajñatvaṃ sampādya tat-stuty-artham anye 'pi yajñā upakṣipyante -
daivam eva devā ijyante yena yajñenāsau daivo yajñas tam evāpare yajñaṃ yoginaḥ karmiṇaḥ paryupāsate, kurvantīty arthaḥ | brahmāgnau satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ brahma [TaittU 2.1] vijñānam ānandaṃ brahma [BAU 3.9.28], yat sākṣād aparokṣād brahma ya ātmā sarvāntaraḥ [BAU 3.4.1], ity ādi vacanoktam aśanāyāpipāsādi-sarva-saṃsāra-dharma-varjitaṃ neti neti [BAU 4.4.22] iti nirastāśeṣa-viśeṣaṃ brahma-śabdenocyate | brahma ca tad-agniś ca sa homādhikaraṇatva-vivakṣayā brahmāgnis tasmin brahmāgnāv apare 'nye brahma-vido yajñaṃ yajña-śabda-vācya ātmā ātma-nāmasu yajña-śabdasya pāṭhāt [Nirukti 14.11] tam ātmānaṃ yajñaṃ paramārthataḥ param eva brahma santaṃ buddhyādy-upādhi-saṃyuktam adhyasta-sarvopādhi-dharmakam āhuti-rūpaṃ yajṇinaivātmanaivokta-lakṣaṇopajuhvati prakṣipanti, sopādhikasyātmano nirupādhikena para-brahma-svarūpeṇaiva yad darśanaṃ, sa tasmin homas taṃ kurvanti, brahmātmaikatva-darśana-niṣṭhāḥ sannyāsina ity arthaḥ | so 'yaṃ samyag-darśana-lakṣaṇo yajño daiva-yajñādiṣu yajñeṣūpakṣipyante brahmārpaṇam ity ād-ślokaiḥ prastutaḥ śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa [Gītā 4.33] ity ādinā stuty-artham ||BhGS_4.25||
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śrotrādīnīndriyāṇy anye yoginaḥ saṃyamāgniṣu pratīndriyaṃ saṃyamo bhidyata iti bahu-vacanam | saṃyamā evāgnayas teṣu juhvati | indriya-saṃyamam eva kurvantīty arthaḥ | śabdādīn viṣayān anya indriyāgniṣu juhvati, indriyāṇy evāgnayas teṣv indriyāgniṣu juhvati śrotrādibhir aviruddha-viṣaya-grahaṇaṃ homaṃ manyante ||BhGS_4.26||
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sarvāṇīndriya-karmāṇi indriyāṇāṃ karmāṇīndriya-karmāṇi | tathā prāṇa-karmāṇi prāṇo vāyur ādhyātmikas tat-karmāṇy ākuñcana-prasāraṇādīni tāni cāpara ātma-saṃyama-yogāgnau, ātmani saṃyama ātma-saṃyamaḥ | sa eva yogāgnis tasminn ātma-saṃyama-yogāgnau juhvati prakṣipanti | jñāna-dīpite sneheneva pradīpite viveka-vijñānenojjvala-bhāvam āpādite pravilāpayantīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.27||
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dravya-yajñās tīrtheṣu dravya-viniyogaṃ yajña-buddhyā kurvanti ye te dravya-yajñāḥ | tapo-yajñās tapo yajño yeṣāṃ tapasvināṃ te tapo-yajñāḥ | yoga-yajñāḥ prāṇāyāma-pratyāhārādi-lakṣaṇo yogo yajño yeṣāṃ te yoga-yajñāḥ | tathāpare svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāś ca svādhyāyo yathā-vidhi ṛg-ādy-abhyāso yajño yeṣāṃ te svādhyāya-yajñāḥ | jñāna-yajñā jñānaṃ śāstrārtha-parijñānaṃ yajño yeṣāṃ te jñāna-yajñāḥ | svādhyāya-yajñā jñāna-yajñāś ca yatayo yatana-śīlāḥ | śaṃsita-vratāḥ samyak śitāni tanūkṛtāni tīkṣṇīkṛtāni vratāni yeṣāṃ te saṃśita-vratāḥ ||BhGS_4.28||
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apāne 'pāna-vṛttau juhvati pratikṣipanti prāṇaṃ prāṇa-vṛttiṃ, pūrakākhyaṃ prāṇāyāmaṃ kurvantīty arthaḥ | prāṇe 'pānaṃ tathāpare juhvati | recakākhyaṃ ca prāṇāyāmaṃ kurvantīty etat | prāṇāpāna-gatī mukhya-nāsikābhyāṃ vāyor nirgamanaṃ prāṇasya gatis tad-viparyayeṇādho-gamanam apānasya gatis, te prāṇāpāna-gatī | ete ruddhvā nirudhya prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇāḥ prāṇāyāma-tat-parāḥ kumbhakākhyaṃ prāṇāyāmaṃ kurvantīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.29||
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kiṃ ca -
apare niyatāhārā niyataḥ parimita āhāro yeṣāṃ te niyatāhārāḥ santaḥ, prāṇān vāyu-bhedān prāṇeṣv eva juhvati | yasya yasya vāyor jayaḥ kriyata itarān vāyu-bhedān tasmin tasmin juhvati, te tatra praviṣṭā iva bhavanti | sarve 'py ete yajña-vido yajña-kṣapitakalmaṣā yajñair yathoktaiḥ kṣapito nāśitaḥ kalmaṣo yeṣāṃ te yajña-kṣapita-kalmaṣāḥ ||BhGS_4.30||
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evaṃ yathoktān yajñān nirvatrya ---
yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujo yajñānāṃ śiṣṭaṃ yajña-śiṣṭaṃ yajña-śiṣṭaṃ ca tad amṛtaṃ ca yajña-śiṣṭāmṛtaṃ tad bhuñjata iti yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujaḥ | yathoktān yajñān kṛtvā tac-chiṣṭena kālena yathā-vidhi-coditam annam amṛtākhyaṃ bhuñjate iti yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujo yānti gacchanti brahma sanātanaṃ cirantanaṃ mumukṣavaś cet | kālātikramāpekṣayeti sāmarthyād gamyate | nāyaṃ lokaḥ sarva-prāṇi-sādhāraṇo 'py asti yathoktānāṃ yajñānām eko 'pi yajño yasya nāsti so 'yajñas tasya | kuto 'nyo viśiṣṭa-sādhana-sādhyaḥ kuru-sattama ||BhGS_4.31||
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evaṃ yathoktā bahu-vidhā bahu-prakārā yajñā vitatā vistīrṇā brahmaṇo vedasya mukhe dvāre veda-dvāreṇa avagamyamānā brahmaṇo mukhe vitatā ucyante | tad yathā vāci hi prāṇaṃ juhumaḥ ity ādayaḥ | karmajān kāyika-vācika-mānasa-karmodbhavān viddhi tān sarvān anātmajān, nirvyāpāro hy ātmā | ata evaṃ jñātvā vimokṣyase 'śubhāt | na mad-vyāpārā ime, nirvyāpāro 'ham udāsīna ity evaṃ jñātvāsmāt samyag-darśanān mokṣyase saṃsāra-bandhanād ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.32||
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brahmārpaṇam [Gītā 4.24] ity ādi lokena samyag-darśanasya yajñatvaṃ saṃpāditam | yajñāś cāneka upadiṣṭāḥ | taiḥ siddha-puruṣārtha-prayojanair jñānaṃ stūyate | katham ? ---
śreyān dravya-mayāt dravya-sādhana-sādhyād yajñāj jñāna-yajño he paraṃtapa | dravya-mayo hi yajñaḥ phalasyārambhakaḥ, jñāna-yajño na phalārambhakaḥ, ataḥ śreyān praśasyataraḥ | katham ? yataḥ sarvaṃ karma samastam akhilam apratibaddhaṃ pārtha jñāne mokṣa-sādhane sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīye parisamāpyate antarbhavatīty arthaḥ | yathā kṛtāya vijitāyādhareyāḥ saṃyanty evam enaṃ sarvaṃ tad abhisameti yat kiṃcit prajāḥ sādhu kurvanti yas tad veda yat sa veda [ChāU 4.1.4] iti śruteḥ ||BhGS_4.33||
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tad etad viśiṣṭāṃ jñānaṃ tarhi kena prāpyata ity ucyate ---
tat viddhi vijānīhi yena vidhinā prāpyate iti | ācāryān abhigamya, praṇipātena prakarṣeṇa nīcaiḥ patanaṃ praṇipāto dīrgha-namaskāras tena | kathaṃ bandhaḥ ? kathaṃ mokṣaḥ ? kā vidyā ? kā cāvidyā ? iti paripraśnena, sevayā guru-śuśrūṣayā evam ādinā | praśrayeṇāvarjitā ācāryā upadekṣyanti kathayiṣyanti te jñānaṃ yathokta-viśeṣaṇaṃ jñāninaḥ | jñānavanto 'pi kecid yathāvat tattva-darśana-śīlāḥ, apare na | ato viśinaṣṭi tattva-darśina iti | ye samyag-darśinas tair upadiṣṭaṃ jñānaṃ kārya-kṣamaṃ bhavati | netarad iti bhagavato matam ||BhGS_4.34||
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tathā ca satīdamapi samarthaṃ vacanam --
yaj jñātvā yaj jñānaṃ tair upadiṣṭam adhigamya prāpya punar bhūyo moham evaṃ yathedānīṃ mohaṃ gato 'si punar evaṃ na yāsyasi he pāṇḍāva | kiṃ ca ---- yena jñānena bhūtāny aśeṣeṇa brahmādīni stamba-paryantāni drakṣyasi sākṣād ātmani pratyag ātmani mat-saṃsthānīmāni bhūtānīty atho api mayi vāsudeve parameśvare cemānīti | kṣetrajñeśvaraikatvaṃ sarvopaniṣat-prasiddhaṃ drakṣyasīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.35||
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kiṃ caitasya jñānasya māhātmyam ---
api ced asi pāpebhyaḥ pāpa-kṛdbhyaḥ sarvebhyo 'tiśayena pāpa-kṛt pāpa-kṛttamaḥ sarvaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva jñānam eva plavaṃ kṛtvā vṛjinaṃ vṛjinārṇavaṃ pāpa-samudraṃ saṃtariṣyasi | dharmo 'pīha mumukṣoḥ pāpam ucyate ||BhGS_4.36||
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jñānaṃ kathaṃ nāśayati pāpam ? iti sa-dṛṣṭāntam ucyate ---
yathaidhāṃsi kāṣṭhāni samiddhaḥ samyag iddho dīpto 'gnir bhasmasāt bhasmībhāvaṃ kurute he arjuna, jñānam eva agnir jñānāgniḥ sarva-karmāṇi bhasmasāt kurute tathā nirbījīkarotīty arthaḥ | na hi sākṣād eva jñānāgniḥ karmāṇīndhanavat bhasmīkartuṃ śaknoti | tasmāt samyag darśanaṃ sarva-karmaṇāṃ nirbījatve kāraṇam ity abhiprāyaḥ | sāmarthyād yena karmaṇā arīram ārabdhaṃ tat pravṛtta-phalatvād upabhogenaiva kṣīyate | tasya tāvad eva ciraṃ yāvan na vimokṣye 'tha sampatsye [ChāU 6.14.1] ato yāny apravṛtta-phalāni jñānotpatteḥ prāk kṛtāni jñāna-sahabhāvīni cātītāneka-janma-kṛtāni ca tāny eva sarvāṇi bhasmasāt kurute ||BhGS_4.37||
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yataḥ evam ataḥ---
na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ tulyaṃ pavitraṃ pāvanaṃ śuddhi-karam iha vidyate | taj jñānaṃ svayam eva yoga-saṃsiddho yogena karma-yogena samādhi-yogena ca saṃsiddhaḥ saṃskṛto yogyatām āpannaḥ san mumukṣuḥ kālena mahatā ātmani vindati labhate ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_4.38||
============================== yenaikāntena jñāna-prāptir bhavati sa upāya upadiśyate ---
śraddhāvān śraddhālur labhate jñānam | śraddhālutve 'pi bhavati kaścin manda-prasthānaḥ, ata āha --- tat-paraḥ | gurūpāsadanādāv abhiyukto jñāna-labdhy-upāye śraddhāvān | tat-paro 'py ajitendriyaḥ syāt ity ata āha --- saṃyatendriyaḥ | saṃyatāni viṣayebhyo nivartitāni yasyendriyāṇi sa saṃyatendriyaḥ | ya evaṃbhūtaḥ śraddhāvān tat-paraḥ saṃyatendriyaś ca so 'vaśyaṃ jñānaṃ labhate | praṇipātādis tu bāhyo 'naikāntiko 'pi bhavati, māyāvitvādi-saṃbhavāt | na tu tat śraddhāvattvādau ity ekāntato jñāna-labdhy-upāyaḥ | kiṃ punar jñāna-lābhāt syād ity ucyate -- jñānaṃ labdhvā paraṃ mokṣākhyāṃ śāntim uparatim acireṇa kṣipram evādhigacchati | samyag-darśanāt kṣipram eva mokṣo bhavatīti sarva-śāstra-nyāya-prasiddhaḥ suniścito 'rthaḥ ||BhGS_4.39||
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atra saṃśayo na kartavyaḥ, pāpiṣṭho hi saṃśayaḥ | katham ity ucyate ---
ajñaś cānātmajñaś cāśraddadhānaś ca guru-vākya-śāstreṣv aviśvāsavāṃś ca saṃśayātmā ca saṃśaya-cittaś ca vinaśyati | ajñāśraddadhānau yadyapi vinaśyataḥ, na tathā yathā saṃśayātmā | saṃśayātmā tu pāpiṣṭhaḥ sarveṣām | katham ? nāyaṃ sādhāraṇo 'pi loko 'sti | tathā na paro lokaḥ | na sukham, tatrāpi saṃśayotpatteḥ saṃśayātmanaḥ saṃśaya-cittasya | tasmāt saṃśayo na kartavyaḥ ||BhGS_4.40||
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kasmāt ? ----
yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇaṃ paramārtha-darśana-lakṣaṇena yogena saṃnyastāni karmāṇi yena paramārtha-darśinā dharmādharmākhyāni taṃ yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇam | kathaṃ yoga-saṃnyasta-karmā ? ity āha - jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayaṃ jñānenātmeśvaraikatva-darśana-lakṣaṇena saṃchinnaḥ saṃśayo yasya yo jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayaḥ | ya evaṃ yoga-saṃnyasta-karmā tam ātmavantam apramattaṃ guṇa-ceṣṭā-rūpeṇa dṛṣṭāni karmāṇi na nibadhnanty aniṣṭādi-rūpaṃ phalaṃ nārabhante | he dhanaṃjaya ||BhGS_4.41||
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yasmāt karma-yogānuṣṭhānād aśuddhi-kṣaya-hetuka-jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayo na nibadhyate karmabhir jñānāgni-dagdha-karmatvād eva, yasmāc ca jñāna-karmānuṣṭhāna-viṣaye saṃśayavān vinaśyati ---
tasmāt pāpiṣṭham ajñāna-saṃbhūtam ajñānād avivekāj jātaṃ hṛt-sthaṃ hṛdi buddhau sthitaṃ jñānāsinā śoka-mohādi-doṣa-haraṃ samyag darśanaṃ jñānaṃ tad evāsiḥ khaḍgas tena jñānāsinā ātmanaḥ svasya, ātma-viṣayatvāt saṃśayasya | na hi parasya saṃśayaḥ pareṇa cchettavyatāṃ prāptaḥ, yena svasyeti viśeṣyeta | ata ātma-viṣayo 'pi svasyaiva bhavati | chittvā enaṃ saṃśayaṃ sva-vināśa-hetu-bhūtam, yogaṃ samyag-darśanopāyaṃ karmānuṣṭhānam ātiṣṭha kurv ity arthaḥ | uttiṣṭha cedānīṃ yuddhāya bhārata iti ||BhGS_4.42||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda- śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye caturtho 'dhyāyaḥ ||4||
BhG 5
atha pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ (śaṅkara-bhāṣya)
arjuna uvāca -
saṃnyāsaṃ parityāgaṃ karmaṇāṃ āstrīyāṇām anuṣṭheya-viśeṣāṇām śaṃsasi praśaṃsasi kathayasīty etat | punar yogaṃ ca teṣām eva anuṣṭhānam avaśya-kartavyam śaṃsasi | ato me katarat śreyaḥ iti saṃśayaḥ - kiṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ śreyaḥ, kiṃ vā tad-dhānam iti | praśasyataraṃ cānuṣṭheyam | ataś ca yat śreyaḥ praśasyataram etayoḥ karma-saṃnyāsa-karma-yogayor yad-anuṣṭhānāt śreyo 'vāptir mama syād iti manyase, tad ekam anyatarat saha eka-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvāsaṃbhavāt me brūhi suniścitam abhipretaṃ taveti ||BhGS_5.1||
- o)O(o -
svābhiprāyam ācakṣāṇo nirṇayāya śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
saṃnyāsaḥ karmaṇāṃ parityāgaḥ karma-yogaś ca teṣām anuṣṭhānaṃ tāv ubhāv api niḥśreyasa-karau mokṣaṃ kurvāte jñānotpatti-hetutvena | ubhau yadyapi niḥśreyasa-karau, tathāpi tayos tu niḥśreyasa-hetvoḥ karma-saṃnyāsāt kevalāt karma-yogo viśiṣyata iti karma-yogaṃ stauti ||BhGS_5.2||
- o)O(o -
kasmāt iti āha -
jñeyo jñātavyaḥ sa karma-yogī nitya-saṃnyāsī iti yo na dveṣṭi kiṃcit na kāṅkṣati duḥkha-sukhe tat-sādhane ca | evaṃvidho yaḥ, karmaṇi vartamāno 'pi sa nitya-saṃnyāsī iti jñātavya ity arthaḥ | nirdvandvo dvandva-varjito hi yasmāt mahābāho sukhaṃ bandhād anāyāsena pramucyate ||BhGS_5.3||
- o)O(o -
saṃnyāsa-karma-yogayor bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyayor viruddhayoḥ phale 'pi virodho yuktaḥ | na tūbhayor niḥśreyasa-karatvam eveti prāpta idam ucyate -
sāṃkhya-yogau pṛthag viruddha-bhinna-phalau bālāḥ pravadanti na paṇḍitāḥ | paṇḍitās tu jñānina ekaṃ phalam aviruddham icchanti | katham ? ekam api sāṃkhya-yogayoḥ samyag āsthitaḥ samyag anuṣṭhitavān ity arthaḥ, ubhayor vindate phalam | ubhayos tad eva hi niḥśreyasaṃ phalam | ato na phale virodho 'sti |
nanu saṃnyāsa-karma-yoga-śabdena prastutya sāṃkhya-yogayoḥ phalaikatvaṃ katham ihāprakṛtaṃ bravīti ? naiṣa doṣaḥ - yadyapy arjunena saṃnyāsaṃ karma-yogaṃ ca kevalam abhipretya praśnaḥ kṛtaḥ | bhagavāṃs tu tad-aparityāgenaiva svābhipretaṃ ca viśeṣaṃ saṃyojya śabdāntara-vācyatayā prativacanaṃ dadau sāṃkhya-yogāv iti | tāv eva saṃnyāsa-karma-yogau jñāna-tad-upāya-sama-buddhitvādi-saṃyuktau sāṃkhya-yoga-śabda-vācyāv iti bhagavato matam | ato na aprakṛta-prakriyeti ||BhGS_5.4||
- o)O(o -
ekasyāpi samyag anuṣṭhānāt katham ubhayoḥ phalaṃ vindate ? ity ucyate -
yat sāṃkhyair jñāna-niṣṭhaiḥ saṃnyāsibhiḥ prāpyate sthānaṃ mokṣākhyam tad yogair api jñāna-prāpty-upāyatveneśvare samarpya karmāṇy ātmanaḥ phalam anabhisaṃdhāyānutiṣṭhanti ye te yogā yoginaḥ | tair api paramārtha-jñāna-saṃnyāsa-prāpti-dvāreṇa gamyata ity abhiprāyaḥ | ata ekaṃ sāṅkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca yaḥ paśyati phalaikatvāt sa paśyati samyak paśyatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.5||
- o)O(o -
evaṃ tarhi yogāt saṃnyāsa eva viśiṣyate | kathaṃ tarhīdam uktam tayos tu karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate [Gītā 5.2] iti ? sṛṇu tatra kāraṇam - tvayā pṛṣṭāṃ kevalaṃ karma-saṃnyāsaṃ karma-yogaṃ cābhipretya tayor anyataraḥ kaḥ śreyān ? iti | tad-anurūpaṃ prativacanaṃ mayoktaṃ karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate iti jñānam anapekṣya | jñānāpekṣas tu saṃnyāsaḥ sāṃkhyam iti mayābhipretaḥ | paramārtha-yogaś ca sa eva | yas tu karma-yogo vaidikaḥ sa ca tādarthyāt yogaḥ saṃnyāsa iti copacaryate | kathaṃ tādarthyam ? ity ucyate -
saṃnyāsas tu pāramārthiko duḥkham āptuṃ prāptum ayogato yogena vinā | yoga-yukto vaidikena karma-yogena vaidikena karma-yogeneśvara-samarpita-rūpeṇa phala-nirapekṣeṇa yukto muniḥ | mananād īśvara-svarūpasya muniḥ | brahma paramātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇatvāt prakṛtaḥ saṃnyāso brahmocyate | nyāsa iti brahmā brahmā hi paraḥ [MahānārU 78] iti śruteḥ | brahma paramārtha-saṃnyāsaṃ paramārtha-jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇaṃ na cireṇa kṣipram evādhigacchati prāpnoti | ato mayoktam karma-yogo viśiṣyata iti ||BhGS_5.6||
- o)O(o -
yadā punar ayaṃ samyag-darśana-prāpty-upāyatvena -
yogena yukto yoga-yukto viśuddhātmā viśuddha-sattvo vijitātmā vijita-deho jitendriyaś ca sarva-bhūtātma-bhūtātmā sarveṣāṃ brahmādīnāṃ stamba-paryantānāṃ bhūtānām ātma-bhūta ātmā pratyak-cetano yasya sa sarva-bhūtātma-bhūtātmā samyag-darśīty arthaḥ | sa tatraivaṃ vartamāno loka-saṃgrahāya karma kurvann api na lipyate na karmabhir badhyate ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.7||
- o)O(o -
na cāsau paramārthataḥ karotīty ataḥ -
yuktaḥ samāhitaḥ san manyeta cintayet | tattvavid ātmano yāthātmyaṃ tattvaṃ vettīti tattva-vit paramārtha-darśīty arthaḥ | kadā kathaṃ vā tattvam avadhārayan manyeta ? ity ucyate | manyeteti pūrveṇa saṃbandhaḥ | yasyaivaṃ tattva-vidaḥ sarva-kārya-karaṇa-ceṣṭāsu karmasv akarmaiva paśyataḥ samyag-darśinas tasya sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa evādhikāraḥ karmaṇo 'bhāva-darśanāt | na hi mṛga-tṛṣṇikāyām udaka-buddhyā pānāya pravṛtta udakābhāva-jñāne 'pi tatraiva pāna-prayojanāya pravartate ||BhGS_5.8-9||
- o)O(o -
yas tu punar atattva-vit pravṛttaś ca karma-yoge -
brahmaṇīśvara ādhāya nikṣipya tad-arthaṃ karma karomīti bhṛtya iva svāmy-arthaṃ sarvāṇi karmāṇi | mokṣe 'pi phale saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karoti yaḥ sarva-karmāṇi, lipyate na sa pāpena na saṃbadhyate padma-patram ivāmbhasodakena ||BhGS_5.10||
- o)O(o -
kevalaṃ sattva-śuddhi-mātram eva phalaṃ tasya karmaṇaḥ syāt, yasmāt -
kāyena dehena manasā buddhyā ca kevalair mamatva-varjitaiḥ īśvarāyaiva karma karomi, na mama phalāya iti mamatva-buddhi-śūnyair indriyair api - kevala-śabdaḥ kāyādibhir api pratyekaṃ saṃbadhyate, sarva-vyāpāreṣu mamatā-varjanāya | yoginaḥ karmiṇaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvā phala-viṣayam ātma-śuddhaye sattva-śuddhaya ity arthaḥ | tasmāt tatraiva tavādhikāra iti kuru karmaiva ||BhGS_5.11||
- o)O(o -
yasmāc ca -
yukta īśvarāya karmaṇi karomi na mama phalāya ity evaṃ samāhitaḥ san karma-phalaṃ tyaktvā parityajya śāntiṃ mokṣākhyām āpnoti naiṣṭhikīṃ niṣṭhāyāṃ bhavāṃ sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-jñāna-niṣṭhā-krameṇeti vākya-śeṣaḥ | yas tu punar ayukto 'samāhitaḥ kāma-kāreṇa | karaṇaṃ kāraḥ kāmasya kāraḥ kāma-kāraḥ | tena kāma-kāreṇa kāma-preritatayety arthaḥ | mama phalāya idaṃ karomi karma ity evaṃ phale sakto nibadhyate | atas tvaṃ yukto bhava ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.12||
- o)O(o -
yas tu paramārtha-darśī saḥ -
sarvāṇi karmāṇi sarva-karmāṇi saṃnyasya parityajya nityaṃ naimittikaṃ kāmyaṃ pratiṣiddhaṃ ca | tāni sarvāṇi karmāṇi manasā viveka-buddhyā, karmādāv akarma-sandarśanena saṃtyajyety arthaḥ | āste tiṣṭhati sukham | tyakta-vāṅ-manaḥ-kāya-ceṣṭo nirāyāsaḥ prasanna-citta ātmano 'nyatra nivṛtta-sarva-bāhya-prayojana iti sukham āste ity ucyate | vaśī jitendriya ity arthaḥ | kva katham āste ? ity āha - nava-dvāre pure | sapta śīrṣāṇyāny ātmana upalabdhi-dvārāṇi, arvāk dve mūtra-purīṣa-visargārthe, tair dvārair nava-dvāraṃ puram ucyate śarīram puram iva puram | ātmaika-svāmikam, tad-artha-prayojanaiś ca indriya-mano-buddhi-viṣayair aneka-phala-vijñānasyotpādakaiḥ paurair ivādhiṣṭhitam | tasmin nava-dvāre pure dehī sarvaṃ karma saṃnyasyāste |
kiṃ viśeṣaṇena ? sarvo hi dehī saṃnyāsy asaṃnyāsī vā dehe evāste | tatrānarthakaṃ viśeṣaṇam iti | ucyate - yas tv ajño dehī dehendriya-saṃghāta-mātrātma-darśī sa sarvo 'pi gehe bhūmāv āsane vā ' 'sa iti manyate | na hi deha-mātrātma-darśino geha iva dehe āsa iti pratyayaḥ saṃbhavati | dehādi-saṃghāta-vyatiriktātma-darśinas tu dehe āse iti pratyaya upapadyate | para-karmaṇāṃ ca parasminn ātmany avidyayayādhyāropitānāṃ vidyayā viveka-jñānena manasā saṃnyāsa upapadyate | utpanna-viveka-jñānasya sarva-karma-saṃnyāsino 'pi geha iva deha eva nava-dvāre pura āsanam | prārabdha-phala-karma-saṃskāra-śeṣānuvṛttyā deha eva viśeṣa-vijñānotpatteḥ | dehe evāsta ity asty eva viśeṣaṇa-phalam vidvad-avidvat-pratyaya-bhedāpekṣatvāt |
yadyapi kārya-karaṇa-karmāṇy avidyayātmany adhyāropitāni saṃnyasyāste ity uktam, tathāpi ātmasamavāyi tu kartṛtvaṃ kārayitṛtvaṃ ca syāt ity āśaṅkyāha - naiva kurvan svayam na kārya-karaṇāni kārayan kriyāsu pravartayan | kiṃ ? yat tat kartṛtvaṃ kārayitṛtvaṃ ca dehinaḥ svātma-samavāyi sat saṃnyāsān na saṃbhavati ? yathā gacchato gatir gamana-vyāpāra-parityāge na syāt tadvat ? kiṃ vā svata eva ātmano nāsti iti ? atrocyate - nāsty ātmanaḥ svataḥ kartṛtvaṃ kārayitṛtvaṃ ca | uktaṃ hi -- avikāryo 'yam ucyate [Gītā 2.55], śarīra-stho 'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate [Gītā 3.26] iti | dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva [BAU 4.3.7] iti ca śruteḥ ||BhGS_5.13||
- o)O(o -
kiṃ ca -
na kartṛtvaṃ svataḥ kurv iti nāpi karmāṇi ratha-ghaṭa-prāsādādīnīpsitatamāni lokasya sṛjaty utpādayati prabhur ātmā | nāpi rathādi kṛtavatas tat-phalena saṃyogaṃ na karma-phala-saṃyogam | yadi kiṃcid api svato na karoti na kārayati ca dehī, kas tarhi kurvan kārayan ca pravartata iti, ucyate - svabhāvas tu svo bhāvaḥ svabhāvo 'vidyā-lakṣaṇā prakṛtir māyā pravartate daivī hi [Gītā 7.14] ity ādinā vakṣyamāṇā ||BhGS_5.14||
- o)O(o -
paramārthatas tu -
nādatte na ca gṛhṇāti bhaktasyāpi kasyacit pāpam | na caivādatte sukṛtaṃ bhaktaiḥ prayuktaṃ vibhuḥ | kim-arthaṃ tarhi bhaktaiḥ pūjādi-lakṣaṇaṃ yāga-dāna-homādikaṃ ca sukṛtaṃ prayujyate ity āha - ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ viveka-vijñānam, tena muhyanti karomi kārayāmi bhokṣye bhojayāmīty evaṃ mohaṃ gacchanty avivekinaḥ saṃsāriṇo jantavaḥ ||BhGS_5.15||
- o)O(o -
- o)O(o -
yat paraṃ jñānaṃ prakāśitam -
tasmin brahmaṇi gatā buddhir yeṣāṃ te tad-buddhayaḥ, tad-ātmānas tad eva paraṃ brahma ātmā yeṣāṃ te tad-ātmanāḥ, tan-niṣṭhāḥ niṣṭhā abhiniveśas tātparyaṃ sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasya tasmin brahmaṇy eva avasthānaṃ yeṣāṃ te tan-niṣṭhāḥ, tat-parāyaṇā ca tad eva param ayanaṃ parā gatir yeṣāṃ bhavati te tat-parāyaṇāḥ kevalātma-rataya ity arthaḥ | yeṣāṃ jñānena nāśitam ātmano 'jñānaṃ te gacchanti evaṃ-vidyāḥ apunar-āvṛttim apunar-deha-saṃbandhaṃ jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣā yathoktena jñānena nirdhūto nāśitaḥ kalmaṣaḥ pāpādi-saṃsāra-kāraṇa-doṣo yeṣāṃ te jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣā yatayaḥ ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.17||
- o)O(o -
yeṣāṃ jñānena nāśitam ātmano 'jñānaṃ te paṇḍitāḥ kathaṃ tattvaṃ payantīty ucyate -
vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanne vidyā ca vinayaś ca vidyā-vinayau, vinaya upāmaḥ, tābhyāṃ vidyā-vinayābhyāṃ saṃpanno vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanno vidvān vinītaś ca yo brāhmaṇas tasmin brāhmaṇe gavi hastini śuni caiva śvapāke ca paṇḍitāḥ sama-darśinaḥ | vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanne uttama-saṃskāravati brāhmaṇe sāttvike, madhyamāyāṃ ca rājasyāṃ gavi, saṃskāra-hīnāyām atyantam eva kevala-tāmase hasty-ādau ca, sattvādi-guṇais taj-jaiś ca saṃskārais tathā rājasais tathā tāmasaiś ca saṃskārair atyantam evāspṛṣṭāṃ samam ekam avikriyaṃ tad brahma draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te paṇḍitāḥ sama-darśinaḥ ||BhGS_5.18||
- o)O(o -
nanv abhojyānnās te doṣavantaḥ, samāsamābhyāṃ viṣama-same pūjātaḥ [Gautama-dharma-sūtra 2.8.20] iti smṛteḥ | na te doṣavantaḥ | katham ? -
ihaiva jīvadbhireva taiḥ samadarśibhiḥ paṇḍitair jito vaīkṛtaḥ sargo janma, yeṣāṃ sāmye sarva-bhūteṣu brahmaṇi samabhāve sthitaṃ ni calībhūtaṃ mano 'ntaḥkaraṇam | nirdoṣaṃ yadyapi doṣavatsu vapākādiṣu mūḍhais taddoṣair doṣavat iva vibhāvyate, tathāpi taddoṣair aspṛṣṭām iti nirdoṣaṃ doṣavarjitaṃ hi yasmāt | nāpi svaguṇabhedabhinnam, nirguṇatvāt caitanyasya | vakṣyati ca bhagavān icchādīnāṃ kṣetradharmatvam, anāditvānnirguṇatvāt iti ca | nāpy antyā viśeṣāḥ ātmano bhedakāḥ santi, pratiśarīraṃ teṣāṃ sattve pramāṇānupapatteḥ | ataḥ samaṃ brahma ekaṃ ca | tasmāt brahmaṇi eva te sthitāḥ | tasmāt na doṣagandhamātramapi tān spṛati, dehādisaṃghātātma-darśanābhimānābhāvāt teṣām | dehādisaṃghātātma-darśanābhimānavadviṣayaṃ tu tat sūtram samāsamābhyāṃ viṣamasame pūjātaḥ iti, pūjāviṣayatvena viśeṣaṇāt | dṛśyate hi brahmavit ṣaḍāṅgavit caturvedavit iti pūjādānādau guṇaviśeṣasaṃbandhaḥ kāraṇam | brahma tu sarvaguṇadoṣasaṃbandhavarjitamityatar brahmaṇi te sthitāḥ iti yuktam | karmaviṣayaṃ ca samāsamābhyām ity ādi | idaṃ tu sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaviṣayaṃ prastutam, sarva-karmāṇi manasā ityārabhya ādhyāyaparisamāpteḥ ||BhGS_5.19||
- o)O(o -
yasmāt nirdoṣaṃ samaṃ brahmātmā, tasmāt -
na prahṛṣeyet praharṣaṃ na kuryāt priyam iṣṭāṃ prāpya labdhvā | nodvijet prāpya cāpriyam aniṣṭāṃ labdhvā | deha-mātrātma-darśināṃ hi priyāpriya-prāptī harṣa-viṣādau kurvāte, na kevalātma-darśinaḥ, tasya priyāpriya-prāpty-asaṃbhavāt | kiṃ ca - sarva-bhūteṣv ekaḥ samo nirdoṣa ātmeti sthirā nirvicikitsā buddhir yasya sa sthira-buddhir asaṃmūḍhaḥ saṃmoha-varjitaś ca syāt yathokta-brahmavid brahmaṇi sthito 'karma-kṛt sarva-karma-saṃnyāsīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.20||
- o)O(o -
kiṃ ca, brahmaṇi sthitaḥ -
bāhya-sparśeṣu bāhyā ca te sparśāś ca bāhya-sparśāḥ | spṛśyante iti sparśāḥ śabdādayo viṣayās teṣu bāhya-sparśeṣu | asakta ātmā antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya so 'yam asaktātmā viṣayeṣu prīti-varjitaḥ san vindati labhate | ātmani yat sukhaṃ tad vindatīty etat | sa brahma-yoga-yuktātmā brahmaṇi yogaḥ samādhir brahma-yogas tena brahma-yogena yuktaḥ samāhitas tasmin vyāpṛta ātmā antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya sa brahma-yoga-yuktātmā | sukham akṣayam aśnute vyāpnoti | tasmād bāhya-viṣaya-prīteḥ kṣaṇikāyā indriyāṇi nivartayed ātmany akṣaya-sukhārthīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_5.21||
- o)O(o - itaś ca nivartayet -
ye hi yasmāt saṃssparśajā viṣayendriya-saṃsparśebhyo jātā bhogā bhuktayo duḥkha-yonaya eva te, avidyā-kṛtatvāt | dṛśyante hy ādhyātmikādīni duḥkhāni tan-nimittāny eva | yathā iha-loke tathā para-loke 'pīti gamyate eva-śabdāt | na saṃsāre sukhasya gandha-mātram apy astīti buddhvā viṣaya-mṛga-tṛṣṇikāyā indriyāṇi nivartayet | na kevalaṃ duḥkha-yonaya eva, ādy-anta-vantaś ca, ādir viṣayendriya-saṃyogo bhogānām antaś ca tad-viyoga eva | ataḥ ādy-anta-vanto 'nityāḥ, madhya-kṣaṇa-bhāvitvāt ity arthaḥ | kaunteya, na teṣu bhogeṣu ramate budho viveky avagata-paramārtha-tattvaḥ | atyanta-mūḍhānām eva hi viṣayeṣu ratir dṛśyate, yathā paśu-prabhṛtīnām ||BhGS_5.22||
- o)O(o -
ayaṃ ca śreyo-mārga-pratipakṣī kaṣṭatamo doṣaḥ sarvānartha-prāpti-hetur durnivāraś ceti tat-parihāre yatnādhikyaṃ kartavyam ity āha bhagavān -
śaknoty utsahata ihaiva jīvann eva yaḥ soḍhuṃ prasahituṃ prāk pūrvam śarīravimokṣaṇāt ā maraṇāt ity arthaḥ | maraṇa-sīmā-karaṇaṃ jīvato 'vayaṃbhāvi hi kāma-krodhodbhavo vegaḥ, anantanimittavān hi saḥ iti yāvat maraṇaṃ tāvat na visrāmbhaṇīya ity arthaḥ | kāmaḥ indriyagocaraprāpte iṣṭo viṣaye śrūyamāṇe smaryamāṇe vā anubhūte sukhahetau yā gaṄdhas tṛṣṇā sa kāmaḥ | krodhaś cātmanaḥ pratikūleṣu duḥkha-hetuṣu dṛyamāneṣu śrūyamāṇeṣu smaryamāṇeṣu vā yo dveṣaḥ sa krodhaḥ | tau kāma-krodhāv udbhavo yasya vegasya sa kāma-krodhodbhavo vegaḥ | romāñcana-prahṛṣṭa-netra-vadanādi-liṅgo 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-prakṣobha-rūpaḥ kāmodbhavo vegaḥ | gātra-prakampa-prasveda-saṃdaṣṭauṣṭha-puṭa-rakta-netrādi-liṅgaḥ krodhodbhavo vegaḥ | taṃ kāma-krodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ ya utsahate prasahate soḍhuṃ prasahitum, so yukto yogī sukhī ceha loke naraḥ || ||BhGS_5.23||
- o)O(o -
kathaṃ-bhūtaś ca brahmaṇi sthito brahma prāpnoti ? ity āha bhagavān -
yo 'ntaḥ-sukho 'ntar ātmani sukhaṃ yasya so 'ntaḥ-sukhaḥ, tathāntar evātmany ārāma āramaṇam ākrīḍā yasya so 'ntar-ārāmaḥ | tathaivāntar eva ātmany eva jyotiḥ prakāśo yasya so 'ntar-jyotir eva, ya īdṛśaḥ so yogī brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahmaṇi nirvṛtiṃ mokṣam iha jīvann eva brahma-bhūtaḥ sann adhigacchati prāpnoti ||BhGS_5.24||
- o)O(o -
kiṃ ca -
- o)O(o -
kiṃ ca -
- o)O(o - samyag darśana-niṣṭhānāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ sadyo-muktir uktā | karma-yogaś ca īśvarārpita-sarva-bhāveneśvare brahmaṇy ādhāya kriyamāṇaḥ sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-krameṇa mokṣāya iti bhagavān pade pade 'bravīt, vakṣyati ca | athedānīṃ dhyāna-yogaṃ samyag-darśanasya antaraṅgaṃ vistareṇa vakṣyāmīti tasya sūtra-sthānīyān ślokān upadiśati sma -
sparśān śabdādīn kṛtvā bahir bāhyān śrotrādi-dvāreṇāntar-buddhau praveśitāḥ śabdādayo viṣayās tān acintayato śabdādayo bāhyā bahir eva kṛtā bhavanti | tān evaṃ bahiḥ kṛtvā cakṣuś caivāntare bhruvoḥ kṛtvety anuṣajyate | tathā prāṇāpānau nāsābhyantara-cāriṇau samau kṛtvā | yatendriya-mano-buddhir yatāni saṃyatānīndriyāṇi mano buddhiś ca yasya sa yatendriya-mano-buddhiḥ | mananāt muniḥ saṃnyāsī | mokṣa-parāyaṇa evaṃ deha-saṃsthānān mokṣa-parāyaṇo mokṣa eva param ayanaṃ parā gatir yasya so 'yaṃ mokṣa-parāyaṇo munir bhavet | vigatecchā-bhaya-krodha icchā ca bhayaṃ ca krodhaś cecchā-bhaya-krodhās te vigatāḥ yasmāt sa vigatecchā-bhaya-krodhaḥ | ya evaṃ vartate sadā saṃnyāsī, mukta eva saḥ | na tasya mokṣo 'nyaḥ kartavyo 'sti ||
- o)O(o -
evaṃ samāhita-cittena kiṃ vijñeyam ity ucyate | bhoktāraṃ yajña-tapasāṃ yajñānāṃ tapasāṃ ca kartṛ-rūpeṇa devatā-rūpeṇa ca, sarva-loka-maheśvaraṃ sarveṣāṃ lokānāṃ mahāntam īśvaraṃ suhṛdaṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ sarva-prāṇināṃ pratyupakāra-nirapekṣatayā upakāriṇaṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ hṛdayeśayaṃ sarva-karma-phalādhyakṣaṃ sarva-pratyaya-sākṣiṇaṃ māṃ nārāyaṇaṃ jñātvā śāntiṃ sarva-saṃsāroparatim ṛcchati prāpnoti ||BhGS_5.29||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
||5||
BhG 6
atha ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāyaḥ
(śaṅkarācārya-bhāṣyaḥ)
atītānantarādhyāyānte dhyāna-yogasya samyag darśanaṃ praty antaraṅgasya sūtra-bhūtāḥ ślokāḥ sparśān kṛtvā bahiḥ [Gītā 5.27] ity ādaya upadiṣṭaḥ | teṣāṃ vṛtti-sthānīyo 'yaṃ ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāya ārabhyate | tatra dhyāna-yogasya bahiraṅgaṃ karmeti yāvad dhyāna-yogārohaṇa-samarthas tāvad gṛhasthenādhikṛtena kartavyaṃ karma ity atas tat stauti |
nanu kim-arthaṃ dhyāna-yogārohaṇa-sīmā-karaṇam, yāvatānuṣṭheyam eva vihitaṃ karma yāvajjīvam | na, ārurukṣor muner yogaṃ karma kāraṇam ucyate [Gītā 3.3] iti viśeṣaṇāt | ārūḍhasya ca śamenaiva saṃbandha-karaṇāt | ārurukṣor ārūḍhasya ca śamaḥ karmaś cobhayaṃ kartavyatvenābhipretaṃ cet syāt tadārurukṣor ārūḍhasya ceti śama-karma-viṣaya-bhedena viśeṣaṇaṃ vibhāga-karaṇaṃ cānarthakaṃ syāt |
tatrāśramiṇāṃ kaścid yogam ārurukṣur bhavati | ārūḍhaś ca kaścit | anye nārurukṣavaḥ | na cārūḍhāḥ | tān apekṣyārurukṣor ārūḍhasya ceti viśeṣaṇaṃ vibhāga-karaṇaṃ copapadyata eveti cet, na | tasyaiveti vacanāt | punar yoga-grahaṇāc ca yogārūḍhasyeti | ya āsīt pūrvaṃ yogam ārurukṣus tasyaivārūḍhasya śama eva kartavyaḥ | kāraṇaṃ yoga-phalaṃ pratyucyateti | ato na yāvaj-jīvaṃ kartavyatva-prāptiḥ kasyacid api karmaṇaḥ | yoga-vibhraṣṭa-vacanāc ca |
gṛhasthasya cet karmiṇo yogo vihitaḥ ṣaṣṭhe 'dhyāye, sa yoga-vibhraṣṭo 'pi karma-gatiṃ karma-phalaṃ prāpnotīti tasya nāśāśaṅkānupapannā syāt | avaśyaṃ hi kṛtaṃ karma kāmyaṃ nityaṃ vā mokṣasya nityatvād anārabhyatve svaṃ phalam ārabhata eva | nityasya ca karmaṇo veda-pramāṇāvabuddhatvāt phalena bhavitavyam ity avocāma | anyathā vedasyānarthārthatva-prasaṅgād iti |
na ca karmaṇi saty ubhaya-vibhraṣṭa-vacanam arthavat | karmaṇo vibhraṃśa-kāraṇānupapatteḥ | karma kṛtam īśvare saṃnyasyety ataḥ kartari karma phalaṃ nārabhateti cen, na | īśvare saṃnyāsasyādhikatara-phala-hetutvopapatteḥ | mokṣāyaiveti cet, sva-karmaṇāṃ kṛtānām īśvare nyāso mokṣāyaiva, na phalāntarāya yoga-sahitaḥ |
yogāc ca vibhraṣṭa ity atas taṃ prati nāśa-śaṅkā yuktaiveti cet, na | ekākī yata-cittātmā nirāśīr aparigrahaḥ [Gītā 6.10] brahmacāri-vrate sthitaḥ [Gītā 6.14] iti karma-saṃnyāsa-vidhānāt | na cātra gṛhasthasya nirāśīr aparigrahaḥ ity ādi-vacanam anukūlam | ubhaya-vibhraṣṭa-praśnānupapatteś ca |
anāśrita ity anena karmiṇa eva saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ coktam, pratiṣiddhaṃ ca niragneḥ akriyasya ca saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ ceti cet, na | dhyāna-yogaṃ prati bahiraṅgasya sataḥ karmaṇaḥ phalākāṅkṣā-saṃnyāsa-stuti-paratvāt |
na kevalaṃ niragnir akriya eva saṃnyāsī yogī ca | kiṃ tarhi ? karmy api, karma-phalāsaṅgaṃ saṃnyasya karma-yogam anutiṣṭhan sattva-śuddhy-arthaṃ, sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ca bhavatīti stūyate | na caikena vākyena karma-phalāsaṅga-saṃnyāsa-stutiś caturthāśrama-pratiṣedhaś copapadyate | na ca prasiddhaṃ niragner akriyasya paramārtha-saṃnyāsinaḥ śruti-smṛti-purāṇetihāsa-yoga-śāstreṣu vihitaṃ saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ ca pratiṣedhati bhagavān | sva-vacana-virodhāc ca - sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasya... naiva kurvan na kārayan āste [Gītā 5.13] maunī saṃtuṣṭo yena kenacit... aniketaḥ sthira-matiḥ [Gītā 12.19] vihāya kāmān yaḥ sarvān pumāṃś carati niḥspṛhaḥ [Gītā 2.71] sarvārambha-parityāgī [Gītā 12.16] iti ca tatra tatra bhagavatā sva-vacanāni darśitāni | tair virudhyetaś caturthāśrama-pratiṣedhaḥ | tasmān muner yogam ārurukṣoḥ pratipanna-gārhasthyasyāgnihotrādi-karma phala-nirapekṣam anuṣṭhīyamānaṃ dhyāna-yogārohaṇa-sādhanatvaṃ sattva-śuddhi-dvāreṇa pratipadyata iti sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ceti stūyate -
anāśrito -- nāśrito 'nāśritaḥ | kim ? karma-phalaṃ karmaṇāṃ phalaṃ karma-phalaṃ yat tad-anāśritaḥ, karma-phala-tṛṣṇā-rahita ity arthaḥ | yo hi karma-phale tṛṣṇāvān sa karma-phalam āśrito bhavati | ayaṃ tu tad-viparītaḥ, ato 'nāśritaḥ karma-phalam | evaṃbhūtaḥ san kāryaṃ kartavyaṃ nityaṃ kāmya-viparītam agnihotrādikaṃ karma karoti nirvartayati | yaḥ kaścid īdṛśaḥ karmī sa karmy antarebhyo viśiṣyate | ity evam artham āha - sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ceti | saṃnyāsaḥ parityāgaḥ sa yasyāsti sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ca | yogaś citta-samādhānaṃ sa yasyāsti sa yogī ceti evaṃguṇa-saṃpanno 'yaṃ mantavyaḥ | na kevalaṃ niragnir akriya eva saṃnyāsī yogī ceti mantavyaḥ | nirgatāḥ agnayaḥ karmāṅga-bhūtā yasmāt sa niragniḥ | akriyaś cānagni-sādhanāpy avidyamānāḥ
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nanu ca niragneḥ akriyasyaiva śruti-smṛti-yoga-śāstreṣu saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ ca prasiddham | katham iha sāgneḥ sa-kriyasya ca saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ cāprasiddham ucyata iti | naiṣa doṣaḥ, kayācid guṇa-vṛttyā ubhayasya saṃpipādayiṣitatvāt | tat katham ? karma-phala-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāsāt saṃnyāsitvam, yogāṅgatvena ca karmānuṣṭhānāt karma-phala-saṃkalpasya ca citta-vikṣepa-hetoḥ parityāgād yogitvaṃ ceti gauṇam ubhayam | na punar mukhyaṃ saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ cābhipretam ity etam arthaṃ darśayitum āha -
yaṃ sarva-karma-tat-phala-parityāga-lakṣaṇaṃ paramārtha-saṃnyāsaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhuḥ śruti-smṛti-vidaḥ, yogaṃ karmānuṣṭhāna-lakṣaṇaṃ taṃ paramārtha-saṃnyāsaṃ viddhi jānīhi he pāṇḍāva | karma-yogasya pravṛtti-lakṣaṇasya tad-viparītena nivṛtti-lakṣaṇena paramārtha-saṃnyāsena kīdṛśaṃ sāmānyam aṅgīkṛtya tad-bhāva ucyate ity apekṣāyām idam ucyate - asti hi paramārtha-saṃnyāsena sādṛśyaṃ kartṛ-dvārakaṃ karma-yogasya | yo hi paramārtha-saṃnyāsī sa tyakta-sarva-karma-sādhanatayā sarva-karma-tat-phala-viṣayaṃ saṃkalpaṃ pravṛtti-hetu-kāma-kāraṇaṃ saṃnyasyati | ayam api karma-yogī karma kurvāṇa eva phala-viṣayaṃ saṃkalpaṃ saṃnyasyatīti | etam arthaṃ darśayiṣyann āha - na hi yasmād asaṃnyasta-saṃkalpo 'saṃnyasto 'parityaktaḥ saṅkalpo 'bhisandhir yena so 'saṃnyasta-saṅkalpaḥ kaścana kaścid api karmī yogī samādhānavān bhavati | na saṃbhavatīty arthaḥ | phala-saṃkalpasya citta-vikṣepa-hetutvāt | tasmād yaḥ kaścana karmī saṃnyasta-phala-saṃkalpo bhavet sa yogī samādhānavān avikṣipta-citto bhavet | citta-vikṣepa-hetoḥ phala-saṃkalpasya saṃnyastatvād ity abhiprāyaḥ | yogāṅgatvena karmānuṣṭhānāt karma-phala-saṅkalpasya vā citta-vikṣepa-hetoḥ parityāgāt yogitvaṃ ceti saṃnyāsitvaṃ cety abhipretam ucyate |[*NOTE: This last sentence not found in all editions.] ||BhGS_6.2||
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evaṃ paramārtha-saṃnyāsa-karma-yogayoḥ kartṛ-dvārakaṃ saṃnyāsa-sāmānyam apekṣya yaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhur yogaṃ taṃ viddhi pāṇḍāva [Gītā 6.2] iti karma-yogasya stuty-arthaṃ saṃnyāsatvam uktam | dhyāna-yogasya phala-nirapekṣaḥ karma-yogo bahiraṅgaṃ sādhanam iti taṃ saṃnyāsatvena stutvādhunā karma-yogasya dhyāna-yoga-sādhanatvaṃ darśayati -
ārurukṣor āroḍhum icchataḥ, anārūḍhasya, dhyāna-yoge 'vasthātum aśaktasyaivety arthaḥ | kasya tasyārurukṣoḥ ? muneḥ, karma-phala-saṃnyāsina ity arthaḥ | kim ārurukṣoḥ ? yogam | karma kāraṇaṃ sādhanam ucyate | yogārūḍhasya punas tasyaiva śamar upaśamaḥ sarva-karmabhyo nivṛttiḥ kāraṇaṃ yogārūḍhasya sādhanam ucyate ity arthaḥ | yāvad yāvat karmabhya uparamate, tāvat tāvat nirāyāsasya jitendriyasya cittaṃ samādhīyate | tathā sati sa jhaṭiti yogārūḍho bhavati | tathā coktaṃ vyāsena -
naitādṛśaṃ brāhmaṇasyāsti vittaṃ yathaikatā samatā satyatā ca | śīlaṃ sthitir daṇḍa-nidhānam ārjavaṃ tatas tataś coparamaḥ kriyābhyaḥ || [Mbh 12.175.37] iti ||BhGS_6.3||
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athedānīṃ kadā yogārūḍho bhavatīty ucyate -
yadā samādhīyamāna-citto yogī hīndriyārtheṣv indriyāṇām arthāḥ śabdādayas teṣv indriyārtheṣu karmasu ca nitya-naimittika-kāmya-pratiṣiddheṣu prayojanābhāva-buddhyā nānuṣajjate 'nuṣaṅgaṃ kartavyatā-buddhiṃ na karotīty arthaḥ | sarva-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāsī sarvān saṃkalpān ihāmutrārtha-kāma-hetūna saṃnyasituṃ śīlam asyeti sarva-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāsī | yogārūḍhaḥ prāpta-yoga ity etat, tadā tasmin kāla ucyate | sarva-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāsīti vacanāt sarvāṃś ca kāmān sarvāṇi ca karmāṇi saṃnyasyed ity arthaḥ | saṃkalpa-mūlā hi sarve kāmāḥ - saṃkalpa-mūlaḥ kāmo vai yajñāḥ saṃkalpa-saṃbhavāḥ [Manu 2.3]
kāma jānāmi te mūlaṃ saṃkalpāt tvaṃ hi jāyase |
sarva-kāma-parityāge ca sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaḥ siddho bhavati | sa yathā-kāmo bhavati tat-kratur bhavati yat kratur bhavati tat karma kurute [BAU 4.4.5] ity ādi śrutibhyaḥ | yad yad dhi kurute jantus tat tat kāmasya ceṣṭitam [Manu 2.4] ity ādi-smṛtibhyaś ca | nyāyāc ca - na hi sarva-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāse kaścit spanditum api śaktaḥ | tasmāt sarva-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāsīti vacanāt sarvān kāmān sarvāṇi karmāṇi ca tyājayati bhagavān ||BhGS_6.4||
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yadaivaṃ yogārūḍhaḥ, tadā tena ātmā udbhṛto bhavati saṃsārād anartha-jātāt | ataḥ -
uddharet saṃsāra-sāgare nimagnam ātmanātmānaṃ tata ut ūrdhvaṃ hared uddharet, yogārūḍhatām āpādayed ity arthaḥ | nātmānam avasādayet nādho nayeta, nādho gamayet | ātmaiva hi yasmād ātmano bandhuḥ | na hy anyaḥ kaścit bandhuḥ, yaḥ saṃsāra-muktaye bhavati | bandhur api tāvat mokṣaṃ prati pratikūla eva, snehādi-bandhanāyatanatvāt | tasmāt yuktam avadhāraṇam ātmaiva hy ātmano bandhur iti | ātmaiva ripuḥ śatruḥ | yo 'nyo 'pakārī bāhyaḥ śatruḥ so 'pi ātma-prayukta eveti yuktam evāvadhāraṇam ātmaiva ripur ātmana iti ||BhGS_6.5||
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ātmaiva bandhur ātmaiva ripur ātmana ity uktam | tatra kiṃ-lakṣaṇa ātmā ātmano bandhuḥ, kiṃ-lakṣaṇo vā ātmātmano ripur ity ucyate -
bandhur ātmātmanas tasya, tasyātmanaḥ sa ātmā bandhur yenātmanātmaiva jitaḥ | ātmā kārya-karaṇa-saṃghāto yena vaśīkṛtaḥ, jitendriya ity arthaḥ | anātmanas tv ajitātmanas tu śatrutve śatru-bhāve varteta ātmaiva śatruvat, yathānātmā śatrur ātmano 'pakārī, tathātmā ātmano 'pakāre varteta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.6||
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jitātmanaḥ kārya-karaṇa-saṃghāta ātmā jito yena sa jitātmā tasya jitātmanaḥ, praśāntasya prasannāntaḥ-karaṇasya sataḥ saṃnyāsinaḥ paramātmā samāhitaḥ sākṣād-ātma-bhāvena vartate ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu tathā māne 'pamāne ca mānāpamānayoḥ pūjā-paribhavayoḥ samaḥ syāt ||BhGS_6.7||
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jñāna-vijñāna-tṛptātmā jñānaṃ śāstrokta-padārthānāṃ parijñānam, vijñānaṃ tu śāstrato jñātānāṃ tathaiva svānubhava-karaṇam, tābhyāṃ jñāna-vijñānābhyāṃ tṛptaḥ saṃjātālaṃ-pratyayaḥ ātmāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya sa jñāna-vijñāna-tṛptātmā, kūṭāstho 'prakampyaḥ, bhavatīty arthaḥ | vijitendriyaś ca | ya īdṛśaḥ, yuktaḥ samāhita iti sa ucyate kathyate | sa yogī sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanaḥ loṣṭāśma-kāñcanāni samāni yasya saḥ sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanaḥ ||BhGS_6.8||
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kiṃ ca -
suhṛd ity ādi lokārdham ekaṃ padam | suhṛt iti pratyupakāram anapekṣya upakartā, mitraṃ snehavān, ariḥ śatruḥ, udāsīno na kasyacit pakṣaṃ bhajate, madhya-stho yo viruddhayor ubhayoḥ hitaiṣī, dveṣya ātmano 'priyaḥ, bandhuḥ saṃbandhī ity eteṣu sādhuṣu śāstrānuvartiṣu api ca pāpeṣu pratiṣiddha-kāriṣu sarveṣv eteṣu sama-buddhiḥ | kaḥ kiṃ-karmā ity avyāpṛta-buddhir ity arthaḥ | viśiṣyate, vimucyate iti vā pāṭhāntaram | yogārūḍhānāṃ sarveṣām ayam uttama ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.9||
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ata evam uttama-phala-prāptaye -
yogī dhyāyī yuñjīta samādadhyāt satataṃ sarvadātmānam antaḥ-karaṇaṃ rahasi ekānte giri-guhādau sthitaḥ san ekākī asahāyaḥ | rahasi sthitaḥ ekākī ceti viśeṣaṇāt saṃnyāsaṃ kṛtvā ity arthaḥ | yata-cittātmā cittam antaḥ-karaṇam ātmā dehaś ca saṃyatau yasya sa yata-cittātmā, nirāśīr vīta-tṛṣṇo 'parigrahaḥ parigraha-rahitaś cety arthaḥ | saṃnyāsitve 'pi tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ san yuñjīta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.10||
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athedānīṃ yogaṃ yuñjataḥ āsanāhāra-vihārādīnāṃ yoga-sādhanatvena niyamo vaktavyaḥ, prāpta-yogasya lakṣaṇaṃ tat-phalādi ca, ity ata ārabhyate | tatrāsanam eva tāvat prathamam ucyate -
śucau śuddhe vivikte svabhāvataḥ saṃskārato vā, deśe sthāne pratiṣṭhāpya sthiram acalam ātmana āsanaṃ nātyucchritaṃ nātīva ucchritaṃ nāpy atinīcam, tac ca cailājina-kuśottaraṃ cailam ajinaṃ kuśāś cottare yasminn āsane tad āsanaṃ cailājina-kuśottaram | pāṭha-kramād viparīto 'tra kramaś cailādīnām ||BhGS_6.11||
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pratiṣṭhāpya, kim ?
tatra tasminn āsana upaviśya yogaṃ yuñjyāt | katham ? sarva-viṣayebhya upasaṃhṛtya ekāgraṃ manaḥ kṛtvā yata-cittendriya-kriyaś cittaṃ cendriyāṇi ca cittendriyāṇi teṣāṃ kriyāḥ saṃyatā yasya sa yata-cittendriya-kriyaḥ | sa kim-arthaṃ yogaṃ yuñjyād ity āha - ātma-viśuddhaye 'ntaḥ-karaṇasya viśuddhy-artham ity etat ||BhGS_6.12||
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bāhyam āsanam uktam | adhunā śarīra-dhāraṇaṃ katham ity ucyate -
samaṃ kāya-śiro-grīvaṃ kāyaś ca śiraś ca grīvā ca kāya-śiro-grīvaṃ tat samaṃ dhārayan acalaṃ ca | samaṃ dhārayataś calanaṃ saṃbhavati | ato viśinaṣṭi - acalam iti | sthiraḥ sthiro bhūtvā ity arthaḥ | svaṃ nāsikāgraṃ saṃprekṣya samyak prekṣaṇaṃ darśanaṃ kṛtvaiveti | iva-śabdo lupto draṣṭavyaḥ | na hi sva-nāsikāgra-saṃprekṣaṇam iha vidhitsitam | kiṃ tarhi ? cakṣuṣo dṛṣṭi-saṃnipātaḥ | sa cāntaḥ-karaṇa-samādhānāpekṣo vivakṣitaḥ | sva-nāsikāgra-saṃprekṣaṇam eva ced vivakṣitam, manas tatraiva samādhīyeta, nātmani | ātmani hi manasaḥ samādhānaṃ vakṣyati ātma-saṃsthaṃ manaḥ kṛtveti | tasmād iva-śabda-lopenākṣṇor dṛṣṭi-saṃnipāta eva saṃprekṣya ity ucyate | diśaś cānavalokayan diśāṃ cāvalokanam antarā kurvan ity etat ||BhGS_6.13||
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kiṃ ca -
praśāntātmā prakarṣeṇa śāntaḥ ātmāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya so 'yaṃ praśāntātmā, vigata-bhīḥ vigata-bhayaḥ, brahmacāri-vrate sthitaḥ | brahmacāriṇo vrataṃ brahmacaryaṃ guru-śuśrūṣā-bhikṣānna-bhukty-ādi tasmin sthitaḥ | tad-anuṣṭhātā bhaved ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca, manaḥ saṃyamya manaso vṛttīr upasaṃhṛtya ity etat, mac-citto mayi parameśvare cittaṃ yasya so 'yaṃ mac-cittaḥ, yuktaḥ samāhitaḥ sann āsīta upaviśet | mat-paro 'haṃ paro yasya so 'yaṃ mat-paro bhavati | kaścit rāgī strī-cittaḥ, na tu striyam eva paratvena gṛhṇāti | kiṃ tarhi ? rājānaṃ mahā-devaṃ vā | ayaṃ tu mac-citto mat-paraś ca ||BhGS_6.14||
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athedānīṃ yoga-phalam ucyate -
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idānīṃ yoginaḥ āhārādi-niyama ucyate -
nātyaśnata ātma-saṃmitam anna-parimāṇam atītyāśnato 'tyaśnato na yogo 'sti | na caikāntam anaśnato yogo 'sti | yad u ha vā ātma-saṃmitam annaṃ tad avati tan na hinasti yad bhūyo hinasti tad yat kanīyo 'nnaṃ na tad avati [ŚatapathaB 9.2.1.2] iti śruteḥ | tasmāt yogī na ātma-saṃmitād annād adhikaṃ nyūnaṃ vāśnīyāt | athavā, yogino yoga-śāstre paripaṭhitād anna-parimāṇād atimātram aśnato yogo nāsti | uktaṃ hi -
ardhaṃ sa-vyañjanānnasya tṛtīyam udakasya ca | vāyoḥ saṃcaraṇārthaṃ tu caturtham avaśeṣayet || ity ādi parimāṇam |
tathā - na cātisvapna-śīlasya yogo bhavati naiva cātimātraṃ jāgrato bhavati cārjuna ||
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kathaṃ punar yogo bhavatīty ucyate -
yuktāhāra-vihārasya āhriyata ity āhāro 'nnam, viharaṇaṃ vihāraḥ pāda-kramaḥ, tau yuktau niyata-parimāṇau yasya sa yuktāhāra-vihāras tasya, tathā yukta-ceṣṭasya yuktā niyatā ceṣṭā yasya karmasu tasya | tathā yukta-svapnāvabodhasya yuktau svapnaś cāvabodhaś ca tau niyata-kālau yasya tasya, yuktāhāra-vihārasya yukta-ceṣṭasya karmasu yukta-svapnāvabodhasya yogino yogo bhavati duḥkhahā duḥkhāni sarvāṇi hantīti duḥkhahā, sarva-saṃsāra-duḥkha-kṣaya-kṛd yogo bhavatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.17||
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athādhunā kadā yukto bhavati ? ity ucyate -
yadā viniyataṃ viśeṣeṇa niyataṃ saṃyatam ekāgratām āpannaṃ cittaṃ hitvā bāhyārtha-cintām ātmany eva kevale 'vatiṣṭhate, svātmani sthitiṃ labhate ity arthaḥ | niḥspṛhaḥ sarva-kāmebhyo nirgatā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-viṣayebhyaḥ spṛhā tṛṣṇā yasya yoginaḥ sa yuktaḥ samāhita ity ucyate tadā tasmin kāle ||BhGS_6.18||
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tasya yoginaḥ samāhitaṃ yat cittaṃ tasyopamocyate -
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evaṃ yogābhyāsa-balād ekāgrībhūtaṃ nivāta-pradīpa-kalpaṃ sat -
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kiṃ ca -
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kiṃ ca -
yaṃ labdhvā yam ātma-lābhaṃ labdhvā prāpyaś cāparam anyal lābhaṃ lābhāntaraṃ tato 'dhikam astīti na manyate na cintayati | kiṃ ca, yasmin ātma-tattve sthito duḥkhena śastra-nipātādi-lakṣaṇena guruṇā mahatāpi na vicālyate ||BhGS_6.22||
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yatroparamate ity ādyārabhya yāvadbhir viśeṣaṇair viśiṣṭa ātmāvasthā-viśeṣo yoga uktaḥ -
taṃ vidyād vijānīyād duḥkha-saṃyoga-viyogaṃ duḥkhaiḥ saṃyogo duḥkha-saṃyogaḥ, tena viyogo duḥkha-saṃyoga-viyogaḥ, taṃ duḥkha-saṃyoga-viyogaṃ yoga ity eva saṃjñitaṃ viparīta-lakṣaṇena vidyād vijānīyād ity arthaḥ | yoga-phalam upasaṃhṛtya punar anvārambheṇa yogasya kartavyatocyate niścayānirvedayor yoga-sādhanatva-vidhānārtham | sa yathokta-phalo yogo niścayenādhyavasāyena yoktavyo 'nirviṇṇa-cetasā na nirviṇṇam anirviṇṇam | kiṃ tat ? cetas tena nirveda-rahitena cetasā cittenety arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.23||
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kiṃ ca -
saṃkalpa-prabhavān saṃkalpaḥ prabhavo yeṣāṃ kāmānāṃ te saṃkalpa-prabhavāḥ kāmās tān tyaktvā parityajya sarvān aśeṣato nirlepena | kiṃ ca, manasaiva viveka-yuktena indriya-grāmam indriya-samudāyaṃ viniyamya niyamanaṃ kṛtvā samantataḥ samantāt ||BhGS_6.24||
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śanaiḥ śanair na sahasoparamed uparatiṃ kuryāt | kayā ? buddhyā | kiṃ-viśiṣṭayā ? dhṛti-gṛhītayā dhṛtyā dhairyeṇa gṛhītayā dhṛti-gṛhītayā dhairyeṇa yuktayā ity arthaḥ | ātma-saṃstham ātmani saṃsthitam ātmaiva sarvaṃ na tato 'nyat kiṃcid astīty evam ātma-saṃsthaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā na kiṃcid api cintayet | eṣa yogasya paramo vidhiḥ ||BhGS_6.25||
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tatra evam ātma-saṃsthaṃ manaḥ kartuṃ pravṛtto yogī -
yato yato yasmād yasmān nimittāt śabdāder niścarati nirgacchati svabhāva-doṣān manaś cañcalam atyarthaṃ calam, ata evāsthiram, tatas tatas tasmāt tasmāt śabdāder nimittān niyamya tat-tan-nimittaṃ yāthātmya-nirūpaṇena śabdādeḥ nimittān niyamya tat-tan-namittaṃ yāthātmya-nirūpaṇena ābhāsīkṛtya vairāgya-bhāvanayā ca etat mana ātmany eva vaśaṃ nayet ātma-vaśyatām āpādayet | evaṃ yogābhyāsa-balāt yogina ātmany eva praśāmyati manaḥ ||BhGS_6.26||
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idānīṃ yogasya yat phalaṃ brahmaikatva-darśanaṃ sarva-saṃsāra-viccheda-kāraṇaṃ tat pradarśayate -
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etasyātmaikatva-darśanasya phalam ucyate -
yo māṃ paśyati vāsudevaṃ sarvasyātmānaṃ sarvatra sarveṣu bhūteṣu sarvaṃ ca brahmādi-bhūta-jātaṃ mayi sarvātmani paśyati, tasya evaṃ ātmaikatva-darśino 'ham īśvaro na praṇaśyāmi na parokṣatāṃ gamiṣyāmi | sa ca me na praṇaśyati sa ca vidvān me mama vāsudevasya na praṇaśyati na parokṣo bhavati, tasya ca mama caikātmakatvāt | svātmā hi nāmātmanaḥ priya eva bhavati | yasmāc cāham eva sarvātmaikatva-darśī ||BhGS_6.30||
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ity etat pūrva-lokārthaṃ samyag darśanam anūdya tat-phalaṃ mokṣo 'bhidhīyate -
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kiṃ cānyat -
ātmaupamyena ātmā svayam evopamīyate 'nayety upamā | tasyā upamāyā bhāva aupamyaṃ tenātmaupamyena, sarvatra sarva-bhūteṣu samaṃ tulyaṃ paśyati yo 'rjuna, sa ca kiṃ samaṃ paśyatīty ucyate - yathā mama sukham iṣṭaṃ tathā sarva-prāṇināṃ sukham anukūlam | vā-śabdaś cārthe | yadi vā yac ca duḥkhaṃ mama pratikūlam aniṣṭaṃ yathā tathā sarva-prāṇināṃ duḥkham aniṣṭaṃ pratikūlaṃ ity evam ātmaupamyena sukha-duḥkhe 'nukūla-pratikūle tulyatayā sarva-bhūteṣu samaṃ paśyati, na kasyacit pratikūlam ācarati, ahiṃsaka ity arthaḥ | yaḥ evam ahiṃsakaḥ samyag darśana-niṣṭhaḥ, sa yogī parama utkṛṣṭo mato 'bhipretaḥ sarva-yogināṃ madhye ||BhGS_6.32||
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etasya yathoktasya samyag-darśana-lakṣaṇasya yogasya duḥkha-saṃpādyatām ālakṣya śuśruṣur dhruvaṃ tat-prāpty-upāyam arjuna uvāca -
yo 'yaṃ yogas tvayā proktaḥ sāmyena samatvena he madhusūdana etasya yogasyāhaṃ na paśyāmi nopalabhe, cañcalatvān manasaḥ | kim ? sthirām acalāṃ sthitim ||BhGS_6.33||
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asiddham tat -
cañcalaṃ hi manaḥ | kṛṣṇeti kṛṣater vilekhanārthasya rūpam | bhakta-jana-pāpādi-doṣākarṣāṇāt kṛṣṇaḥ, tasya saṃbuddhiḥ he kṛṣṇa | hi yasmāt manaś cañcalaṃ na kevalam atyarthaṃ cañcalam, pramāthi ca pramathana-śīlam, pramathnāti śarīram indriyāṇi ca vikṣipat sat para-vaśīkaroti | kiṃ ca - balavat prabalam, na kenacit niyantuṃ śakyam, durnivāratvāt | kiṃ ca - dṛḍhaṃ tantu-nāga-vad acchedyam | tasya evaṃbhūtasya manaso 'haṃ nigrahaṃ nirodhaṃ manye vāyor iva yathā vāyor duṣkaro nigrahas tato 'pi duṣkaraṃ manye ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_6.34||
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śrī-bhagavān uvāca, evam etad yathā bravīṣi -
asaṃśayaṃ nāsti saṃśayo mano durnigrahaṃ calam ity atra he mahābāho | kiṃtv abhyāsena tv abhyāso nāmaś citta-bhūmau kasyāṃcit samāna-pratyayāvṛttiś cittasya | vairāgyeṇa vairāgyaṃ nāma dṛṣṭādṛṣṭeṣṭa-bhogeṣu doṣa-darśanābhyāsād vaitṛṣṇyam | tena ca vairāgyeṇa gṛhyate vikṣepa-rūpaḥ pracāraś cittasya | evaṃ tan mano gṛhyate nigṛhyate nirudhyata ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.35||
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yaḥ punar asaṃyatātmā, tena -
asaṃyatātmanābhyāsa-vairāgyābhyām asaṃyataḥ ātmāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya so 'yam asaṃyatātmā tenāsaṃyatātmanā yogo duṣprāpo duḥkhena prāpyateti me matiḥ | yas tu punar vaśyātmābhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ vaśyatvam āpāditaḥ ātmā mano yasya so 'yaṃ vaśyātmā tena vaśyātmanā tu yatatā bhūyo 'pi prayatnaṃ kurvatā śakyo 'vāptuṃ yogar upāyato yathoktād upāyāt ||BhGS_6.36||
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tatra yogābhyāsāṅgīkaraṇena ihaloka-paraloka-prāpti-nimittāni karmāṇi saṃnyastāni, yoga-siddhi-phalaṃ ca mokṣa-sādhanaṃ samyag darśanaṃ na prāptam iti, yogī yoga-mārgāt maraṇa-kāle calita-citta iti tasya nāśam āśaṅkayārjuna uvāca -
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etan me mama saṃśayaṃ kṛṣṇaś chettum apanetum arhasy aśeṣataḥ | tvad-anyas tvatto 'nyaḥ ṛṣir devo vā cchettā nāśayitā saṃśayasyāsya na hi yasmād upapadyate na saṃbhavati | atas tvam eva cchettum arhasīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_6.39||
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śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
he pārtha naiva iha loke nāmutra parasmin vā loke vināśas tasya vidyate nāsti | nāśo nāma pūrvasmāt hīnajanmaprāptiḥ sa yogabhraṣṭasya nāsti | na hi yasmāt kalyāṇakṛt śubhakṛt kaścit durgatiṃ kutsitāṃ gatiṃ he tāta, tanoti ātmānaṃ putrarūpeṇeti pitā tāta ucyate | pitaiva putreti putro 'pi tāta ucyate | śiṣyo 'pi putra ucyate | yato na gacchati ||BhGS_6.40||
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kiṃ tv asya bhavati ? -
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athavā śrīmatāṃ kulāt anyasmin yoginām eva daridrāṇāṃ kule bhavati jāyate dhīmatāṃ buddhimatām | etat hi janma, yat daridrāṇāṃ yogināṃ kule, durlabhataraṃ duḥkha-labhyataraṃ pūrvam apekṣya loke janma yad īdṛśaṃ yathokta-viśeṣaṇe kule ||BhGS_6.42||
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yasmāt -
tatra yogināṃ kule taṃ buddhi-saṃyogaṃ buddhyā saṃyogaṃ buddhi-saṃyogaṃ labhate paurvadehikaṃ pūrvasmin dehe bhavaṃ paurvadehikam | yatate ca prayatnaṃ ca karoti tatas tasmāt pūrva-kṛtāt saṃskārāt bhūyo bahutaraṃ saṃsiddhau saṃsiddhi-nimittaṃ he kuru-nandana ||BhGS_6.43||
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kathaṃ pūrva-deha-buddhi-saṃyogeti tad ucyate -
yaḥ pūrva-janmani kṛto 'bhyāsaḥ sa pūrvābhyāsaḥ, tenaiva balavatā hriyate saṃsiddhau hi yasmād avaśo 'pi sa yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ | na kṛtaṃ ced yogābhyāsajāt saṃskārāt balavattaram adharmādi-lakṣaṇaṃ karma, tadā yogābhyāsa-janitena saṃskāreṇa hriyate | adharmaś cet balavattaraḥ kṛtaḥ, tena yogajo 'pi saṃskāro 'bhibhūyata eva, tat-kṣaye tu yogajaḥ saṃskāraḥ svayam eva kāryam ārabhate, na dīrgha-kālasthasyāpi vināśas tasyāstīty arthaḥ | ato jijñāsur api yogasya svarūpaṃ jñātum icchann api yoga-mārge pravṛttaḥ saṃnyāsī yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ, sāmarthyāt so 'pi śabda-brahma vedokta-karmānuṣṭhāna-phalam ativartate 'tikrāmaty apākariṣyati | kim uta buddhvā yo yogaṃ tan-niṣṭho 'bhyāsaṃ kuryāt ||BhGS_6.44||
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kutaś ca yogitvaṃ śreya iti -
prayatnād yatamānaḥ, adhikaṃ yatamāna ity arthaḥ | tatra yogī vidvān saṃśuddha-kilbiṣo viśuddha-kilbiṣaḥ saṃśuddha-pāpo 'neka-janma-saṃsiddhir anekeṣu janmasu kiṃcit kiṃcit saṃskāra-jātam upacitya tena upacitenāneka-janma-kṛtena saṃsiddho 'neka-janma-saṃsiddhas tataḥ labdha-samyag-darśanaḥ san yāti parāṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ gatim ||BhGS_6.45||
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yasmād evaṃ tasmāt -
tapasvibhyo 'dhiko yogī, jñānibhyo 'pi jñānam atra śāstrārtha-pāṇḍityam, tadvadbhyo 'pi mato jñāto 'dhikaḥ śreṣṭha iti | karmibhyaḥ, agnihotrādi karma, tadvadbhyo 'dhiko yogī viśiṣṭo yasmāt tasmād yogī bhavārjuna ||BhGS_6.46||
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yoginām api sarveṣāṃ rūdrādityādi-dhyāna-parāṇāṃ madhye mad-gatena mayi vāsudeve samāhitenāntarātmanāntaḥ-karaṇena śraddhāvān śraddadhānaḥ san bhajate sevate yo mām, sa me mama yuktatamo 'tiśayena yukto mato 'bhipreta iti ||
BhG 7
atha jñāna-vijñāna-yogākhyaḥ saptamo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śaṅkara-bhāṣyaḥ)
yoginām api sarveṣāṃ mad-gatenāntarātmanā | śraddhāvānbhajate yo māṃ sa me yuktatamo mataḥ [Gītā 6.47]
iti praśna-bījam upanyasya, svayam eva īdṛśaṃ madīyaṃ tattvam, evaṃ mad-gatāntar-ātmā syād ity etat vivakṣuḥ śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
mayi vakṣyamāṇa-viśeṣaṇe parameśvare āsaktaṃ mano yasya saḥ mayy āsakta-manāḥ, he pārtha ! yogaṃ yuñjan manaḥ-samādhānaṃ kurvan, mad-āśrayo 'ham eva parameśvaraḥ āśrayo yasya saḥ mad-āśrayaḥ | yo hi kaścit puruṣārthena kenacit arthī bhavati sa tat-sādhanaṃ karmāgnihotrādi tapo dānaṃ vā kiṃcid āśrayaṃ pratipadyate, ayaṃ tu yogī mām evāśrayaṃ pratipadyate, hitvānyat sādhanāntaraṃ mayy eva āsakta-manā bhavati | yas tvaṃ evaṃ-bhūtaḥ san asaṃśayaṃ samagraṃ samastaṃ vibhūti-bala-śakty-aiśvaryādi-guṇa-saṃpannaṃ māṃ yathā yena prakāreṇa jñāsyasi saṃśayam antareṇaivam eva bhagavān iti, tat sṛṇu ucyamānaṃ mayā ||BhGS_7.1||
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tac ca mad-viṣayam -
jñānaṃ te tubhyam ahaṃ sa-vijñānaṃ vijñāna-sahitaṃ svānubhava-yuktam idaṃ vakṣyāmi kathayiṣyāmy aśeṣataḥ kārtsnyena | taj jñānaṃ vivakṣitaṃ stauti śrotuḥ abhimukhīkaraṇāya - yaj jñātvā yaj jñānaṃ jñātvā neha bhūyaḥ punar anyat jñātavyaṃ puruṣārtha-sādhanam avaśiṣyate nāvaśiṣṭaṃ bhavati | iti mat-tattva-jño yaḥ, sa sarvajño bhavatīty arthaḥ | ato viśiṣṭa-phalatvāt durlabhaṃ jñānam ||BhGS_7.2||
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katham ity ucyate -
manuṣyāṇāṃ madhye sahasreṣu anekeṣu kaścit yatati prayatnaṃ karoti siddhaye siddhy-artham | teṣāṃ yatatām api siddhānām, siddhā eva hi te ye mokṣāya yatante, teṣāṃ kaścid eva hi māṃ vetti tattvato yathāvat ||BhGS_7.3||
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śrotāraṃ prarocanenābhimukhīkṛtyāha -
bhūmiḥ pṛthivī-tanmātram ucyate, na sthūlā | bhinnā prakṛtir aṣṭadhā iti vacanāt | tathāb-ādayo 'pi tanmātrāṇy eva ucyante - āpo 'nalo vāyuḥ kham | mana iti manasaḥ kāraṇam ahaṃkāro gṛhyate | buddhir ity ahaṃkāra-kāraṇaṃ mahat-tattvam | ahaṃkāra ity avidyā-saṃyuktam avyaktam | yathā viṣa-saṃyuktam annaṃ viṣam ity ucyate, evam ahaṃkāra-vāsanāvad avyaktaṃ mūla-kāraṇam ahaṃkāra ity ucyate, pravartakatvāt ahaṃkārasya | ahaṃkāra eva hi sarvasya pravṛtti-bījaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ loke | itīyaṃ yathoktā prakṛtir me mamaiśvarī māyā-śaktir aṣṭadhā bhinnā bhedam āgatā ||BhGS_7.4||
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aparā na parā nikṛṣṭāśuddhānartha-karī saṃsāra-bandhanātmikeyam | ito 'syāḥ yathoktāyās tv anyāṃ viśuddhāṃ prakṛtiṃ mamātma-bhūtāṃ viddhi me parāṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ jīva-bhūtāṃ kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇāṃ prāṇa-dhāraṇa-nimitta-bhūtāṃ he mahābāho, yayā prakṛtyedaṃ dhāryate jagad antaḥ-praviṣṭayā ||BhGS_7.5||
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etad-yonīni ete parāpare kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇe prakṛtī yonir yeṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ tāni etad-yonīni, bhūtāni sarvāṇīti evam upadhāraya jānīhi | yasmāt mama prakṛti yoniḥ kāraṇaṃ sarva-bhūtānām, ato 'haṃ kṛtsnasya samastasya jagataḥ prabhava utpattiḥ pralayo vināśas tathā | prakṛti-dvaya-dvāreṇāhaṃ sarvajña īśvaro jagataḥ kāraṇam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_7.6||
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yatas tasmāt -
mattaḥ parameśvarāt parataram anyat kāraṇāntaraṃ kiṃcit nāsti na vidyate, aham eva jagat-kāraṇam ity arthaḥ, he dhanaṃjaya | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt mayi parameśvare sarvāṇi bhūtāni sarvam idaṃ jagat protam anusyūtam anugatam anuviddhaṃ grathitam ity arthaḥ | dīrgha-tantuṣu paṭavat, sūtre ca maṇi-gaṇā iva ||BhGS_7.7||
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kena kena dharmeṇa viśiṣṭo tvayi sarvam idaṃ protam ity ucyate -
raso 'ham, apāṃ yaḥ sāraṃ sa rasaḥ, tasmin rasa-bhūte mayi āpaḥ protā ity arthaḥ | evaṃ sarvatra | yathāham apsu rasaḥ, evaṃ prabhāsmi śaśi-sūryayoḥ | praṇava oṃkāraḥ sarva-vedeṣu, tasmin praṇava-bhūte mayi sarve vedāḥ protāḥ | tathā khe ākāśe śabdaḥ sāra-bhūtaḥ, tasmin mayi khaṃ protam | tathā pauruṣaṃ puruṣasya bhāvaḥ pauruṣaṃ yataḥ puṃ-buddhir nṛṣu, tasmin mayi puruṣāḥ protāḥ ||BhGS_7.8||
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puṇyaḥ surabhir gandhaḥ pṛthivyāṃ cāham | tasmin mayi gandha-bhūte pṛthivī protā | puṇyatvaṃ gandhasya svabhāvata eva pṛthivyāṃ darśitam ab-ādiṣu rasādeḥ puṇyatvopalakṣaṇārtham | apuṇyatvaṃ tu gandhādīnām avidyā-dharmādy-apekṣaṃ saṃsāriṇāṃ bhūta-viśeṣa-saṃsarga-nimittaṃ bhavati | tejaś ca dīptiś cāsmi vibhāvasau agnau | tathā jīvanaṃ sarva-bhūteṣu, yena jīvanti sarvāṇi bhūtāni tat jīvanam | tapaś cāsmi tapasviṣu, tasmin tapasi mayi tapasvinaḥ protāḥ ||BhGS_7.9||
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bījaṃ praroha-kāraṇaṃ māṃ viddhi sarva-bhūtānāṃ he pārtha sanātanaṃ cirantanam | kiṃ ca, buddhir viveka-śaktir antaḥ-karaṇasya buddhimatāṃ viveka-śaktimatām asmi | tejaḥ prāgalbhyaṃ tadvatāṃ tejasvinām aham ||BhGS_7.10||
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balaṃ sāmarthyam ojo balavatām aham | tac ca balaṃ kāma-rāga-vivarjitam | kāmaś ca rāgaś ca kāma-rāgau | kāmas tṛṣṇā-saṃnikṛṣṭeṣu viṣayeṣu, rāgo rañjanā prāpteṣu viṣayeṣu - tābhyāṃ kāma-rāgābhyāṃ vivarjitaṃ dehādi-dhāraṇa-mātrārthaṃ balaṃ sattvam aham asmi | na tu yat saṃsāriṇāṃ tṛṣṇā-rāga-kāraṇam | kiṃ ca - dharmāviruddhaḥ | dharmeṇa śāstrārthenāviruddho yaḥ prāṇiṣu bhūteṣu kāmaḥ, yathā deha-dhāraṇa-mātrādy-artho 'śana-pānādi-viṣayaḥ, sa kāmo 'smi | he bharatarṣabha ||BhGS_7.11||
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kiṃ ca -
ye caiva sāttvikāḥ sattva-nirvṛttā bhāvāḥ padārthāḥ, rājasāḥ rajo-nirvṛttās tāmasās tamo-nirvṛttāś ca, ye kecit prāṇināṃ sva-karma-vaśāt jāyante bhāvāḥ, tān matta eva jāyamānān iti evaṃ viddhi sarvān samastān eva | evaṃ yady api te matto jāyante, tathāpi na tv ahaṃ teṣu tad-adhīnas tad-vaśaḥ, yathā saṃsāriṇaḥ | te punar mayi mad-vaśāḥ mad-adhīnāḥ ||BhGS_7.12||
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evaṃ-bhūtam api parameśvaraṃ nitya-śuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhāvaṃ sarva-bhūtātmānaṃ nirguṇaṃ saṃsāra-doṣa-bīja-pradāha-kāraṇaṃ māṃ nābhijānāti jagad ity anukrośaṃ darśayati bhagavān | tac ca kiṃ-nimittaṃ jagato 'jñānam ? ity ucyate -
tribhir guṇa-mayaiḥ guṇa-vikāraiḥ rāga-dveṣa-mohādi-prakārair bhāvaiḥ padārthair ebhir yathoktaiḥ sarvam idaṃ prāṇi-jātaṃ jagan mohitam avivekitām āpāditaṃ san nābhijānāni mām | ebhyo yathoktebhyo guṇebhyaḥ paraṃ vyatiriktaṃ vilakṣaṇaṃ cāvyayaṃ vyaya-rahitaṃ janmādi-sarva-bhāva-vikāra-varjitam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_7.13||
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kathaṃ punar daivīm etāṃ triguṇātmikāṃ vaiṣṇavīṃ māyām atikrāmatīty ucyate -
daivī devasya mameśvarasya viṣṇoḥ svabhāva-bhūtā hi yasmād eṣā yathoktā guṇa-mayī mama māyā duratyayā duḥkhenātyayo 'tikramaṇaṃ yasyāḥ sā duratyayā | tatraivaṃ sati sarva-dharmān parityajya mām eva māyāvinaṃ svātma-bhūtaṃ sarvātmanā ye prapadyante te māyām etāṃ sarva-bhūta-mohinīṃ taranty atikrāmanti | te saṃsāra-bandhanān mucyanta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_7.14||
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yadi tvāṃ prapannāḥ māyām etāṃ taranti, kasmāt tvām eva sarve na prapadyante ? ity ucyate -
na māṃ parameśvaraṃ nārāyaṇaṃ duṣkṛtinaḥ pāpa-kāriṇaḥ mūḍhāḥ prapadyante narādhamā narāṇāṃ madhye 'dhamāḥ nikṛṣṭaḥ | te ca māyayāpahṛta-jñānāḥ saṃmuṣita-jñānā āsuraṃ bhāvaṃ hiṃsānṛtādi-lakṣaṇam āśritāḥ ||BhGS_7.15||
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ye punar narottamāḥ puṇya-karmāṇaḥ -
catur-vidhāś catuḥ-prakārā bhajante sevante māṃ janāḥ sukṛtinaḥ puṇya-karmāṇo he 'rjuna | ārta ārti-parigṛhītas taskara-vyāghra-rogādinābhibhūta āpannaḥ | jijñāsur bhagavat-tattvaṃ jñātum icchati yaḥ | arthārthī dhana-kāmaḥ | jñānī viṣṇos tattva-vic ca he bharatarṣabha ||BhGS_7.16||
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teṣāṃ caturṇāṃ madhye jñānī tattva-vit tattva-vittvān nitya-yukto bhavati | eka-bhaktiś ca, anyasya bhajanīyasyādarśanāt | ataḥ sa eka-bhaktir viśiṣyate viśeṣam ādhikyam āpadyate, atiricyata ity arthaḥ | priyo hi yasmād aham ātmā jñānino 'tas tasyāham atyarthaṃ priyaḥ | prasiddhaṃ hi loke ātmā priyo bhavatīti | tasmāj jñānina ātmatvād vāsudevaḥ priyo bhavatīty arthaḥ | sa ca jñānī mama vāsudevasya ātmaiveti mamātyarthaṃ priyaḥ ||BhGS_7.17||
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na tarhy ārtādayas trayo vāsudevasya priyāḥ ? na | kiṃ tarhi ? -
udārā utkṛṣṭāḥ sarva evaite | trayo 'pi mama priyā evety arthaḥ | na hi kaścin mad-bhakto vāsudevasyāpriyo bhavati | jñānī tv atyarthaṃ priyo bhavatīti viśeṣaḥ | tat kasmāt ? ity ata āha - jñānī tv ātmaiva, nānyo matta iti me mama mataṃ niścayaḥ | āsthita āroḍhuṃ pravṛttaḥ sa jñānī hi yasmād aham eva bhagavān vāsudevo nānyo 'smīty evaṃ yuktātmā samāhita-cittaḥ san mām eva paraṃ brahma gantavyam anuttamāṃ gatiṃ gantuṃ pravṛtta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_7.18||
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jñānī punar api stūyate -
bahūnāṃ janmanāṃ jñānārtha-saṃskārāśrayāṇām ante samāptau jñānavān prāpta-paripāka-jñāno māṃ vāsudevaṃ pratyag-ātmānaṃ pratyakṣataḥ prapadyate | katham ? vāsudevaḥ sarvam iti | ya evaṃ sarvātmānaṃ māṃ nārāyaṇaṃ pratipadyate, sa mahātmā | na tat-samo 'nyo 'sti, adhiko vā | ataḥ sudurlabhaḥ, manuṣyāṇāṃ sahasreṣv iti hy uktam ||BhGS_7.19||
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ātmaiva sarvṃ vāsudeva ity evam apratipattau kāraṇam ucyate -
kāmais tais taiḥ putra-paśu-svargādi-viṣayair hṛta-jñānāḥ apahṛta-viveka-vijñānāḥ prapadyante 'nya-devatāḥ prāpnuvanti vāsudevād ātmano 'nyā devatāḥ | taṃ taṃ niyamaṃ devatārādhane prasiddho yo yo niyamas taṃ tam āsthāya āśritya prakṛtyā svabhāvena janmāntarārjita-saṃskāra-viśeṣeṇa niyatāḥ niyamitāḥ svayātmīyayā ||BhGS_7.20||
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teṣāṃ ca kāminām -
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yayaiva pūrvaṃ pravṛttaḥ svabhāvato yo yāṃ devatā-tanuṃ śraddhayārcitum icchati -
sa tayā mad-vihitayā śraddhayā yuktaḥ san tasyā devatā-tanvā rādhanam ārādhanam īhate ceṣṭate | labhate ca tatas tasyā ārādhitāyā devatā-tanvāḥ kāmān īpsitān mayaiva parameśvareṇa sarvajñena karma-phala-vibhāga-jñatayā vihitān nirmitān tān, hi yasmāt te bhagavatā vihitāḥ kāmās tasmāt tān avaśyaṃ labhate ity arthaḥ | hitān iti pada-cchede hitatvaṃ kāmānām upacaritaṃ kalpyam | na hi kāmā hitāḥ kasyacit ||BhGS_7.22||
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yasmād antavat sādhana-vyāpārāvivekinaḥ kāminaś ca te | ataḥ -
antavad vināśi tu phalaṃ teṣāṃ tad bhavaty alpa-medhasām alpa-prajñānām | devān deva-yajo yānti devān yajantīti deva-yajaḥ, te devān yānti | mad-bhaktā yānti mām api | evaṃ samāne 'py āyāse mām eva na prapadyante 'nanta-phalāya | aho khalu kaṣṭaṃ vartata ity anukrośaṃ darśayati bhagavān ||BhGS_7.23||
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tad-ajñānaṃ kiṃ-nimittam ity ucyate -
nāhaṃ prakāśaḥ sarvasya lokasya, keṣāṃcid eva mad-bhaktānāṃ prakāśo 'ham ity abhiprāyaḥ | yoga-māyā-samāvṛto yogo guṇānāṃ yuktir ghaṭanaṃ saiva māyā yoga-māyā | tayā yogamāyayā samāvṛtaḥ, saṃchanna ity arthaḥ | ata eva mūḍho loko 'yaṃ nābhijānāti mām ajam avyayam ||BhGS_7.25||
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yayā yogamāyayā samāvṛtaṃ māṃ loko nābhijānāti, nāsau yogamāyā madīyā satī mameśvarasya māyāvino jñānaṃ pratibadhnāti | yathānyasyāpi māyāvino māyā jñānaṃ tadvat | yataḥ evam, ataḥ -- ahaṃ tu veda jāne samatītāni samatikrāntāni bhūtāni, vartamānāni cārjuna, bhaviṣyāṇi ca bhūtāni vedāham | māṃ tu veda na kaścana mad-bhaktaṃ mac-charaṇam ekaṃ muktvā | mat-tattva-vedanābhāvād eva na māṃ bhajate ||BhGS_7.26||
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kena punar mat-tattva-vedana-pratibandhena pratibaddhāni santi jāyamānāni sarva-bhūtāni māṃ na vidanti ? ity apekṣāyām idam āha -
icchā-dveṣa-samutthena icchā ca dveṣaś cecchā-dveṣau | tābhyāṃ samuttiṣṭhatītīcchā-dveṣa-samutthas tenecchā-dveṣa-samutthena | keneti viśeṣāpekṣāyām idam āha - dvandva-mohena dvandva-nimitto moho dvandva-mohas tena | tāv eva icchā-dveṣau śītoṣṇavat paraspara-viruddhau sukha-duḥkha-tad-dhetu-viṣayau yathā-kālaṃ sarva-bhūtaiḥ saṃbadhyamānau dvandva-śabdenābhidhīyete | tatra yadecchā-dveṣau sukha-duḥkha-tad-dhetu-saṃprāptyā labdhātmakau bhavataḥ, tadā tau sarva-bhūtānāṃ prajñāyāḥ sva-vaśāpādana-dvāreṇa paramārthātma-tattva-viṣaya-jñānotpatti-pratibandha-kāraṇaṃ mohaṃ janayataḥ | na hīcchā-dveṣa-doṣa-vaśīkṛta-cittasya yathā-bhūtārtha-viṣaya-jñānam utpadyate bahir api | kim u vaktavyaṃ tābhyām āviṣṭa-buddheḥ saṃmūḍhasya pratyag-ātmani bahu-pratibandhe jñānaṃ notpadyateti | atas tena icchā-dveṣa-samutthena dvandva-mohena, bhārata bharatānvayaja, sarva-bhūtāni saṃmohitāni santi saṃmohaṃ saṃmūḍhatāṃ sarge janmani, utpatti-kāle ity etat, yānti gacchanti he paraṃtapa | moha-vaśāny eva sarva-bhūtāni jāyamānāni jāyanta ity abhiprāyaḥ | yata evam atas tena dvandva-mohena pratibaddha-prajñānāni sarva-bhūtāni saṃmohitāni mām ātma-bhūtaṃ na jānanti | ata eva ātma-bhāvena māṃ na bhajante ||BhGS_7.27||
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ke punar anena dvandva-mohena nirmuktāḥ santas tvāṃ viditvā yathā-śāstram ātma-bhāve bhajanta ity apekṣitam arthaṃ darśayitum ucyate -
yeṣāṃ tu punar anta-gataṃ samāpta-prāyaṃ kṣīṇaṃ pāpaṃ janānāṃ puṇya-karmaṇāṃ puṇyaṃ karma yeṣāṃ sattva-śuddhi-kāraṇaṃ vidyate te puṇya-karmāṇas teṣāṃ puṇya-karmaṇām, te dvandva-moha-nirmuktā yathoktena dvandva-mohena nirmuktā bhajante māṃ paramātmanāṃ dṛḍha-vratāḥ | evam eva paramārtha-tattvaṃ nānyathety evaṃ sarva-parityāga-vratena niścita-vijñānā dṛḍha-vratā ucyante ||BhGS_7.28||
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te kim-arthaṃ bhajante ? ity ucyate -
jarā-maraṇa-mokṣāya jarā-maraṇayor mokṣārthaṃ māṃ parameśvaram āśritya mat-samāhita-cittāḥ santo yatanti prayatante ye, te yad brahma paraṃ tad viduḥ kṛtsnaṃ samastam adhyātmaṃ pratyag-ātma-viṣayaṃ vastu tad viduḥ | karma cākhilaṃ samastaṃ viduḥ ||BhGS_7.29||
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sādhibhūtādhidaivam adhibhūtaṃ cādhidaivaṃ cādhibhūtādhidaivam, sahādhibhūtādhidaivena vartata iti sādhibhūtādhidaivaṃ ca māṃ ye viduḥ | sādhiyajñaṃ ca sahādhiyajñena sādhiyajñaṃ ye viduḥ, prayāṇa-kāle maraṇa-kāle 'pi ca māṃ te viduḥ | yukta-cetasaḥ samāhita-cittā iti ||BhGS_7.30||
BhG 8
atha brahmākṣara-nirdeśo nāma aṣṭamo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śrīmac-chaṅkarācārya-bhagavat-pāda-viracita-bhāṣyaḥ)
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te brahma tad viduḥ kṛtsnam ity ādinā bhagavatārjunasya praśna-bījāni upadiṣṭani | atas tat-praśnārtham arjuna uvāca -
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eṣāṃ praśnānāṃ yathā-kramaṃ nirṇayāya śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
akṣaraṃ na kṣaratīty akṣaraṃ para ātmā, etasya vākṣarasya praśāsane gārgi [BAU 3.8.9] iti śruteḥ | oṃkārasya ca om ity ekākṣaraṃ brahma [Gītā 8.13] iti pareṇa viśeṣaṇād agrahaṇam | paramam iti ca niratiśaye brahmaṇy akṣare upapannataram viśeṣaṇam | tasyaiva parasya brahmaṇaḥ pratidehaṃ pratyag-ātma-bhāvaḥ svabhāvaḥ | svo bhāvaḥ svabhāvo 'dhyātmam ucyate | ātmānaṃ deham adhikṛtya pratyag-ātmatayā pravṛttaṃ paramārtha-brahmāvasānaṃ vastu svabhāvo 'dhyātmam ucyate 'dhyātma-śabdenābhidhīyate | bhūta-bhāvodbhava-karo bhūtānāṃ bhāvo bhūta-bhāvas tasya udbhavo bhūta-bhāvodbhavas taṃ karotīti bhūta-bhāvodbhava-karaḥ, bhūta-vastūtpatti-kara ity arthaḥ | visargo visarjanaṃ devatoddeśena caru-puroḍāśāder dravyasya parityāgaḥ | sa eṣa visarga-lakṣaṇo yajñaḥ karma-saṃjñitaḥ karma-śabdita ity etat | etasmāt hi bīja-bhūtād vṛṣṭyaḍādi-krameṇa sthāvara-jaṅgamāni bhūtāny udbhavanti ||BhGS_8.3||
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adhibhūtaṃ prāṇi-jātam adhikṛtya bhavatīti | ko 'sau ? kṣaraḥ kṣaratīti kṣaro vināśī, bhāvo yat kiṃcit janimat vastv ity arthaḥ | puruṣaḥ pūrṇam anena sarvam iti, puri śayanāt vā, puruṣaḥ ādityāntargato hiraṇyagarbhaḥ, sarva-prāṇi-karaṇānām anugrāhakaḥ, so 'dhidaivatam | adhiyajñaḥ sarva-yajñābhimāninī viṣṇv-ākhyā devatā, yajño vai viṣṇuḥ [TaittS 1.7.4] iti śruteḥ | sa hi viṣṇur aham eva | atrāsmin dehe yo yajñas tasyāham adhiyajñaḥ | yajño hi deha-nirvartyatvena deha-samavāyīti dehādhikaraṇo bhavati, deha-bhṛtāṃ vara ! ||BhGS_8.4||
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anta-kāle maraṇa-kāle ca mām eva parameśvaraṃ viṣṇuṃ smaran muktvā parityajya kalevaraṃ śarīraṃ yaḥ prayāti gacchati | sa mad-bhāvaṃ vaiṣṇavaṃ tattvaṃ yāti | nāsti na vidyate 'trāsminn arthe saṃśayaḥ - yāti vā na veti ||
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na mad-viṣaya evāyaṃ niyamaḥ | kiṃ tarhi ? -
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yasmād evam antyā bhāvanā dehāntara-prāptau kāraṇam -
tasmāt sarveṣu kāleṣu mām anusmara yathā-śāstram | yudhyaś ca yuddhaṃ sva-dharmaṃ kuru | mayi vāsudeve 'rpite mano-buddhī yasya tava sa tvaṃ mayy arpita-mano-buddhiḥ san mām eva yathā-smṛtam eṣyasy āgamiṣyasi | asaṃśayo na saṃśayo 'tra vidyate ||BhGS_8.7||
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kiṃ ca -
abhyāsa-yoga-yuktena mayi citta-samarpaṇa-viṣaya-bhūta ekasmiṃs tulya-pratyayāvṛtti-lakṣaṇo vilakṣaṇa-pratyayānantarito 'bhyāsaḥ sa cābhyāso yogas tena yuktaṃ tatraiva vyāpṛtaṃ yoginaś cetas tena | cetasā nānya-gāminā nānyatra viṣayāntare gantuṃ śīlam asyeti nānya-gāmi tena nānya-gāminā, paramaṃ niratiśayaṃ puruṣaṃ divyaṃ divi sūrya-maṇḍāle bhavaṃ yāti gacchati he pārthānucintayan śāstrācāryopadeśam anudhyāyan ity etat ||BhGS_8.8||
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kiṃ-viśiṣṭaṃ ca puraṣaṃ yāti ? ity ucyate -
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kiṃ ca -
prayāṇa-kāle maraṇa-kāle manasācalena calana-varjitena bhaktyā yukto bhajanaṃ bhaktis tayā yukto yoga-balena caiva yogasya balaṃ yoga-balaṃ samādhija-saṃskāra-pracaya-janita-citta-sthairya-lakṣaṇaṃ yoga-balaṃ tena ca yukta ity arthaḥ | pūrvaṃ hṛdaya-puṇḍārīke vaśīkṛtya cittaṃ tata ūrdhva-gāminyā nāḍyā bhūmi-jaya-krameṇa bhruvor madhye prāṇam āveśya sthāpayitvā samyag-āpramattaḥ san, sa evaṃ buddhimān yogī kaviṃ purāṇam ity ādi-lakṣaṇaṃ taṃ paraṃ parataraṃ puruṣam upaiti pratipadyate divyaṃ dyotanātmakam ||BhGS_8.10||
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[yoga-mārgānugamanenaiva brahma-vidyām antareṇāpi brahma prāpyata ity evaṃ prāptam idam ucyate ] punar api vakṣyamāṇenopāyena pratipitsitasya brahmaṇo veda-vidvad-anādi-viśeṣaṇa-viśeṣyasyābhidhānaṃ karoti bhagavān -
yad akṣaraṃ na kṣaratīty akṣaram avināśi vedavido vedārthajñāḥ vadanti | tad vā etad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadanti [BAU 3.8.8] iti śruteḥ | sarva-viśeṣa-nivartakatvenābhivadanty asthūlam aṇv ity ādi | kiṃ ca - viśanti praviśanti samyag-darśana-prāptau satyāṃ yad yatayo yatana-śīlāḥ saṃnyāsino vīta-rāgāḥ vīto vigataḥ rāgo yebhyas te vīta-rāgāḥ | yac cākṣaram icchanto jñātum iti vākya-śeṣaḥ brahmacaryaṃ gurau caranti ācaranti, tat te padaṃ tad akṣarākhyaṃ padaṃ padanīyaṃ te tava saṃgraheṇa, saṃgrahaḥ saṃkṣepas tena, saṃkṣepeṇa pravakṣye kathayiṣyāmi ||BhGS_8.11||
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sa yo ha vai tad bhagavan manuṣyeṣu prāyaṇāntam oṃkāram abhidhyāyīta | katamaṃ vāva sa tena lokaṃ jayatīti | tasmai sa hovāca - etad vai satya-kāma paraṃ cāparaṃ ca brahma yad oṃkāraḥ [PraśnaU 5.1-2] ity upakramya, yaḥ punar etaṃ trimātreṇa om ity etenaivākṣareṇa paraṃ puruṣam abhidhyāyīta sa sāmabhir unnīyate brahma-lokam [PraśnaU 5.5] ity ādinā vacanena, anyatra dharmād anyatrādharmād [KaṭhU 1.2.14] iti copakramya
sarve vedā yat padam āmananti tapāṃsi sarvāṇi ca yad vadanti | yad icchanto brahmacaryaṃ caranti tat te padaṃ saṃgraheṇa bravīmy om ity etad [KaṭhU 1.2.15]
ity ādibhiś ca vacanaiḥ parasya brahmaṇo vācaka-rūpeṇa, pratimāvat pratīka-rūpeṇa vā, para-brahma-pratipatti-sādhanatvena manda-madhyama-buddhīnāṃ vivakṣitasya oṃkārasyopāsanaṃ kālāntare mukti-phalam uktaṃ yat, tad evehāpi kaviṃ purāṇam anuśāsitāram [Gītā 8.9] yad akṣaraṃ veda-vido vadanti [Gītā 8.11] iti copanyastasya parasya brahmaṇaḥ pūrvokta-rūpeṇa pratipatty-upāya-bhūtasya oṃkārasya kālāntara-mukti-phalam upāsanaṃ yogadhāraṇā-sahitaṃ vaktavyam | prasaktānuprasaktaṃ ca yat kiṃcid ity evam artha uttare grantha ārabhyate -
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tatraiva ca dhārayan -
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kiṃ ca -
ananya-cetā nānya-viṣaye ceto yasya so 'yam ananya-cetāḥ | yogī satataṃ sarvadā yo māṃ parameśvaraṃ smarati | nityaśaḥ satatam iti nairantaryam ucyate, nityaśaḥ iti dīrgha-kālatvam ucyate | na ṣaṇ-māsaṃ saṃvatsaraṃ vā | kiṃ tarhi ? yāvaj-jīvaṃ nairantaryeṇa yo māṃ smaratīty arthaḥ | tasya yogino 'haṃ sulabhaḥ sukhena labhyo he pārtha, nitya-yuktasya sadā samāhita-cittasya yoginaḥ | yata evam, ato 'nanya-cetāḥ san mayi sadā samāhito bhavet ||BhGS_8.14||
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tava saulabhyena kiṃ syāt ? ity ucyate | sṛṇu tan mama saulabhyena yad bhavati -
mām upetya mām īśvaram upetya mad-bhāvam āpadya punar janma punar utpattiṃ nāpnuvanti na prāpnuvanti | kiṃ-viśiṣṭaṃ punar-janma na prāpnuvanti ? iti, tad-viśeṣaṇam āha - duḥkhālayaṃ duḥkhānām ādhyātmikādīnām ālayaṃ āśrayam | ālīyante yasmin duḥkhānīti duḥkhālayaṃ janma | na kevalaṃ duḥkhālayam, aśāśvatam anavasthita-svarūpaṃ ca | nāpnuvanti īdṛśaṃ punar-janma mahātmāno yatayaḥ saṃsiddhiṃ mokṣākhyāṃ paramāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatāḥ prāptāḥ | ye punar māṃ na prāpnuvanti te punar āvartante ||BhGS_8.15||
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kiṃ punas tvatto 'nyat prāptāḥ punar āvartante ? ity ucyate -
ā brahma-bhuvanāt bhavanty asmin bhūtānīti bhuvanam | brahmaṇo bhuvanaṃ brahma-bhuvanam, brahma-loka ity arthaḥ | ā brahma-bhuvanāt saha brahma-bhuvanena lokāḥ sarve punar-āvartinaḥ punar-āvartana-svabhāvāḥ | he 'rjuna | mām ekam upetya tu kaunteya punar-janma punar-utpattiḥ na vidyate ||BhGS_8.16||
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brahma-loka-sahitā lokāḥ kasmāt punar-āvartinaḥ ? kāla-paricchinnatvāt | katham ? -
sahasra-yuga-paryantaṃ sahasrāṇi yugāni paryantaḥ paryavasānaṃ yasyāhnas tat ahaḥ sahasra-yuga-paryantam | brahmaṇaḥ prajāpater virājo viduḥ | rātrim api yuga-sahasrāntām ahaḥ-parimāṇām eva | ke vidur ity āha - te 'ho-rātra-vidaḥ kāla-saṃkhyā-vido janā ity arthaḥ | yata evaṃ kāla-paricchinnās te, ataḥ punar-āvartino lokāḥ ||BhGS_8.17||
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prajāpater ahani yad bhavati rātrau ca, tad ucyate -
avyaktād avyaktaṃ prajāpateḥ svāpāvasthā | tasmād avyaktād vyaktayo vyajyanta iti vyaktayaḥ sthāvara-jaṅgama-lakṣaṇāḥ sarvāḥ prajāḥ prabhavanty abhivyajyante, ahna āgamo 'har-āgamas tasmin ahar-āgame kāle brahmaṇaḥ prabodha-kāle | tathā rātry-āgame brahmaṇaḥ svāpa-kāle pralīyante sarvā vyaktayas tatraiva pūrvokte 'vyakta-saṃjñake ||BhGS_8.18||
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akṛtābhyāgama-kṛta-vipraṇāśa-doṣa-parihārārthaṃ bandha-mokṣa-śāstra-pravṛtti-sāphalya-pradarśanārtham avidyādi-kleśa-mūla-karmāśaya-vaśāc cāvaśo bhūta-grāmo bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyata ity ataḥ saṃsāre vairāgya-pradarśanārthaṃ cedam āha -
bhūta-grāmo bhūta-samudāyaḥ sthāvara-jaṅgama-lakṣaṇo yaḥ pūrvasmin kalpa āsīt sa evāyaṃ nānyaḥ | bhūtvā bhūtvāhar-āgame | pralīyate punaḥ punaḥ rātry-āgame 'hnaḥ kṣaye 'vaśo 'svatantra eva | he pārtha | prabhavati jāyate 'vaśa evāhar-āgame ||BhGS_8.19||
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yad upanyastam akṣaram, tasya prāpty-upāyo nirdiṣṭa om ity ekākṣaraṃ brahma [Gītā 8.13] ity ādinā | athedānīm akṣarasyaiva svarūpa-nirdidikṣayedam ucyate, anena yoga-mārgeṇedaṃ gantavyam iti -
paro vyatirikto bhinnaḥ | kutaḥ ? tasmāt pūrvoktāt | tu-śabdo 'kṣarasya vivakṣitasyāvyaktād vailakṣaṇya-viśeṣaṇārthaḥ | bhāvo 'kṣarākhyaṃ paraṃ brahma | vyatiriktatve saty api sālakṣaṇya-prasaṅgo 'stīti tad-vinivṛtty-artham āha - anya iti | anyo vilakṣaṇaḥ | sa cāvyakto 'nindriya-gocaraḥ | paras tasmād ity uktam | kasmāt punaḥ paraḥ ? pūrvoktād bhūta-grāma-bīja-bhūtād avidyā-lakṣaṇād avyaktāt | anyo vilakṣaṇo bhāva ity abhiprāyaḥ | sanātanaś cirantano yaḥ sa bhāvaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu brahmādiṣu naśyatsu na vinaśyati ||BhGS_8.20||
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yo 'sāv avyakto 'kṣara ity uktas tam evākṣara-saṃjñakam avyaktaṃ bhāvam āhuḥ paramāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatim | yaṃ paraṃ bhāvaṃ prāpya gatvā na nivartante saṃsārāya, tad dhāma sthānaṃ paramaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ mama, viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_8.21||
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tal-labdher upāya ucyate -
puruṣaḥ puri śayanāt pūrṇatvād vā | sa paraḥ pārtha, paro niratiśayaḥ, yasmāt puruṣān na paraṃ kiṃcit | sa bhaktyā labhyas tu jñāna-lakṣaṇayānanyayā ātma-viṣayayā | yasya puruṣasyāntaḥ-sthāni madhya-sthāni bhūtāni kārya-bhūtāni | kāryaṃ hi kāraṇasyāntarvarti bhavati | yena puruṣeṇa sarvaṃ idaṃ jagat tataṃ vyāptam ākāśeneva ghaṭādi ||BhGS_8.22||
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prakṛtānāṃ yogināṃ praṇavāveśita-brahma-buddhīnāṃ kālāntara-mukti-bhājāṃ brahma-pratipattaya uttaro mārgo vaktavya iti yatra kāle ity ādi vivakṣitārtha-samarpaṇārtham ucyate, āvṛtti-mārgopanyāsaḥ itara-mārga-stuty-artham ucyate -
yatra kāle prayātā iti vyavahitena saṃbandhaḥ | yatra yasmin kāle tv anāvṛttim apunar-janma āvṛttiṃ tad-viparītāṃ caiva | yogina iti yoginaḥ karmiṇaś cocyante | karmiṇas tu guṇataḥ karma-yogena yoginām iti viśeṣaṇād yoginaḥ | yatra kāle prayātā mṛtā yogino 'nāvṛttiṃ yānti, yatra kāle ca prayātāḥ āvṛttiṃ yānti, taṃ kālaṃ vakṣyāmi bharatarṣabha ||
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taṃ kālam āha -
agniḥ kālābhimāninī devatā | tathā jyotir api devataiva kālābhimāninī | athavā, agni-jyotiṣī yathā śrute eva devate | bhūyasā tu nirdeśo yatra kāle taṃ kālam iti āmra-vanavat | tathāhar devatāhar-abhimāninī | śuklaḥ śukla-pakṣa-devatā | ṣaṇ-māsā uttarāyaṇam, tatrāpi devataiva mārga-bhūtā [BAU 4.3.4] iti sthito 'nyatrāyaṃ nyāyaḥ | tatra tasmin mārge prayātā mṛtā gacchanti brahma brahma-vido brahmopāsakā brahmopāsana-parā janāḥ | krameṇeti vākya-śeṣaḥ | na hi sadyo-mukti-bhājāṃ samyag darśana-niṣṭhānāṃ gatir āgatir vā kvacid asti | na tasya prāṇā utkrāmanti [BAU 4.4.6] iti śruteḥ | brahmasaṃlīnaprāṇaiva te brahmamayā brahma-bhūtaiva te |
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dhūmo rātrir dhūmābhimāninī rātry-abhimāninī ca devatā | tathā kṛṣṇaḥ kṛṣṇa-pakṣa-devatā | ṣaṇ-māsā dakṣiṇāyanam iti ca pūrvavat devataiva | tatra candramasi bhavaṃ cāndramasaṃ jyotiḥ phalam iṣṭādi-kārī yogī karmī prāpya bhuktvā tat-kṣayād iha punar nivartate ||BhGS_8.25||
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śukla-kṛṣṇe śuklā ca kṛṣṇā ca śukla-kṛṣṇe, jñāna-prakāśakatvāt śuklā, tadabhāvāt kṛṣṇā | ete śukla-kṛṣṇe hi gatī jagataḥ ity adhikṛtānāṃ jñāna-karmaṇoḥ, na jagataḥ sarvasyaiva ete gatī saṃbhavataḥ | śāśvate nitye, saṃsārasya nityatvāt, mate 'bhiprete | tatraikayā śuklayā yāty anāvṛttim, anyayā itarayā āvartate punar bhūyaḥ ||BhGS_8.26||
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na ete yathokte sṛtī mārgau pārtha jānan saṃsārāya ekā, anyā mokṣāyeti | yogī na muhyati kaścana kaścid api | tasmāt sarveṣu kāleṣu yoga-yuktaḥ samāhito bhavārjuna ||BhGS_8.27||
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śṛṇu tasya yogasya māhātmyam -
vedeṣu samyag-adhīteṣu yajñeṣu ca sādguṇyenānutiṣṭhiteṣu tapaḥsu ca sutapteṣu dāneṣu ca samyag-datteṣu yad eteṣu puṇya-phalaṃ puṇyasya phalaṃ puṇya-phalaṃ pradiṣṭaṃ śāstreṇa, atyety atītya gacchati sat sarvaṃ phala-jātam | idaṃ viditvā sapta-praśna-nirṇaya-dvāreṇoktam arthaṃ samyag avadhāryānuṣṭhāya yogī paraṃ prakṛṣṭam aiśvaraṃ sthānam upaiti ca pratipadyate | ādyam ādau bhavaṃ kāraṇaṃ brahmety arthaḥ ||BhGS_8.28||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda- śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye brahmākṣara-nirdeśo nāma aṣṭamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||8||
BhG 9
atha rāja-vidyā-rāja-guhya-yogo nāma navamo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śāṅkara-bhāṣyaḥ)
aṣṭame nāḍy-ādi-dvāreṇa dhāraṇā-yogaḥ saguṇa uktaḥ | tasya ca phalam agny-arcir-ādi-krameṇa kālāntare brahma-prāpti-lakṣaṇam evānāvṛtti-rūpaṃ nirdiṣṭam | tatrānenaiva prakāreṇa mokṣa-prāpti-phalam adhigamyate, nānyathā iti tad āśaṅkā-vyāvivartayiṣayā śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
idaṃ brahma-jñānaṃ vakṣyamāṇam uktaṃ ca pūrveṣu adhyāyeṣu, tat buddhau saṃnidhīkṛtya idam ity āha | tu-śabdo viśeṣa-nirdhāraṇārthaḥ | idam eva tu samyag-jñānaṃ sākṣāt mokṣa-prāpti-sādhanam vāsudevaḥ sarvam iti [Gītā 7.12], ātmaivedaṃ sarvam [ChāU 7.25.2] ekam evādvitīyam [ChāU 6.2.1] ity ādi-śruti-smṛtibhyaḥ | nānyat, atha te ye 'nyathāto vidur anya-rājānas te kṣayya-lokā bhavanti [ChāU 7.25.2] ity ādi-śrutibhyaś ca | te tubhyaṃ guhyatamaṃ gopyatamaṃ pravakṣyāmi kathayiṣyāmy anasūyave 'sūyā-rahitāya | kiṃ tat ? jñānam | kiṃ-viśiṣṭam ? vijñāna-sahitam anubhava-yuktam, yaj jñātvā prāpya mokṣyase 'śubhāt saṃsāra-bandhanāt ||BhGS_9.1||
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tac ca -
rāja-vidyā vidyānāṃ rājā, dīpty-atiśayavattvāt | dīpyate hīyam atiśayena brahma-vidyā sarva-vidyānām | tathā rāja-guhyaṃ guhyānāṃ rājā | pavitraṃ pāvanaṃ idam uttamaṃ sarveṣāṃ pāvanānāṃ śuddhi-kāraṇaṃ brahma-jñānam utkṛṣṭatamam | aneka-janma-sahasra-saṃcitam api dharmādharmādi sa-mūlaṃ karma kṣaṇa-mātrād eva bhasmīkarotīty ataḥ kiṃ tasya pāvanatvaṃ vaktavyam ? kiṃ ca - pratyakṣāvagamaṃ pratyakṣeṇa sukhāder ivāvagamo yasya tat pratyakṣāvagamam | aneka-guṇavato 'pi dharma-viruddhatvaṃ dṛṣṭam, na tathātma-jñānaṃ dharma-virodhi, kiṃtu dharmyaṃ dharmād anapetam | evam api, syād duḥkha-saṃpādyam ity ata āha - susukhaṃ kartum, yathā ratna-viveka-vijñānam | tatrālpāyāsānām anyeṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ sukha-saṃpādyānām alpa-phalatvaṃ duṣkarāṇāṃ ca mahā-phalatvaṃ dṛṣṭam iti, idaṃ tu sukha-saṃpādyatvāt phala-kṣayāt vyetīti prāpte, āha - avyayam iti | nāsya phalataḥ karmavat vyayo 'stīty avyayam | ataḥ śraddheyam ātma-jñānam ||BhGS_9.2||
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ye punaḥ -
aśraddadhānāḥ śraddhā-virahitā ātma-jñānasya dharmasyāsya svarūpe tat-phale ca nāstikāḥ pāpa-kāriṇaḥ, asurāṇām upaniṣadaṃ deha-mātrātma-darśanam eva pratipannāḥ | asutṛpaḥ pāpāḥ puruṣā aśraddadhānāḥ | paraṃtapa ! aprāpya māṃ parameśvaram, mat-prāptau naivāśaṅketi mat-prāpti-mārga-bheda-bhakti-mātram apy aprāpya ity arthaḥ | nivartante niścayena vartante | kva ? - mṛtyu-saṃsāra-vartmani mṛtyu-yuktaḥ saṃsāro mṛtyu-saṃsāras, tasya vartma naraka-tiryag-ādi-prāpti-mārgaḥ, tasminn eva vartanta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_9.3||
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stutyārjunam abhimukhīkṛtyāha -
mayā mama yaḥ paro bhāvas tena tataṃ vyāptaṃ sarvam idaṃ jagad avyakta-mūrtinā | na vyaktā mūrtiḥ svarūpaṃ yasya mama so 'ham avyakta-mūrtis tena mayāvyakta-mūrtinā, karaṇāgocara-svarūpeṇety arthaḥ | tasmin mayy avyakta-mūrtau sthitāni mat-sthāni, sarva-bhūtāni brahmādīni stamba-paryantāni | na hi nirātmakaṃ kiṃcit bhūtaṃ vyavahārāyāvakalpate | ato mat-sthāni mayātmanā ātmavattvena sthitāni | ato mayi sthitānīty ucyante | teṣāṃ bhūtānām aham evātmā ity atas teṣu sthita iti mūḍha-buddhīnām avabhāsate | ato bravīmi - na cāhaṃ teṣu bhūteṣv avasthitaḥ | mūrtavat saṃśleṣābhāvena ākāśasyāpy antaratamo hy aham | na hy asaṃsargi vastu kvacit ādheya-bhāvenāvasthitaṃ bhavati ||BhGS_9.4||
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ata evāsaṃsargitvān mama -
na ca mat-sthāni bhūtāni brahmādīni | paśya me yogaṃ yuktiṃ ghaṭānaṃ me mama aiśvaram īśvarasyemam aiśvaram, yogam ātmano yāthātmyam ity arthaḥ | tathā ca śrutir asaṃsargitvād asaṅgatāṃ darśayati - asaṅgo na hi sajjate [BAU 3.9.26] iti | idaṃ cāścaryam anyat paśya - bhūta-bhṛd asaṅgo 'pi san bhūtāni bibharti | na ca bhūta-sthaḥ | yathoktena nyāyena darśitatvāt bhūta-sthatvānupapatteḥ | kathaṃ punar ucyate 'sau mamātmeti ? vibhajya dehādi-saṅghātaṃ tasminn ahaṃkāram adhyāropya loka-buddhim anusaran vyapadiśati mamātmeti, na punar ātmana ātmānya iti lokavad ajānan | tathā bhūta-bhāvano bhūtāni bhāvayaty utpādayati vardhayatīti vā bhūta-bhāvanaḥ ||BhGS_9.5||
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yathoktena śloka-dvayenoktam arthaṃ dṛṣṭantenopapādayann āha -
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evaṃ vāyur ākāśe iva mayi sthitāni sarva-bhūtāni sthiti-kāle | tāni -
sarva-bhūtāni kaunteya prakṛtiṃ triguṇātmikām aparāṃ nikṛṣṭaṃ yānti māmikāṃ madīyāṃ kalpa-kṣaye pralaya-kāle | punar bhūyas tāni bhūtāni utpatti-kāle kalpādau visṛjāmi utpādayāmy ahaṃ pūrvavat ||BhGS_9.7||
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evam avidyā-lakṣaṇām -
prakṛtiṃ svāṃ svīyām avaṣṭabhya vaśīkṛtya visṛjāmi punaḥ punaḥ prakṛtito jātaṃ bhūta-grāmaṃ bhūta-samudāyam imaṃ vartamānaṃ kṛtsnam avaśam asvatantram | avidyādi-doṣaiḥ paravaśīkṛtam | prakṛter vaśāt svabhāva-vaśāt ||BhGS_9.8||
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tarhi tasya te parameśvarasya bhūta-grāmam imaṃ viṣamaṃ vidadhataḥ, tan-nimittābhyāṃ dharmādharmābhyāṃ saṃbandhaḥ syād itīdam āha bhagavān -
na ca mām īśvaraṃ tāni bhūta-grāmasya viṣama-sarga-nimittāni karmāṇi nibadhnanti dhanaṃjaya | tatra karmaṇām asaṃbandhitve kāraṇam āha - udāsīnavat āsīnaṃ yathā udīsīna upekṣakaḥ kaścit tadvad āsīnam ātmano 'vikriyatvāt | asaktaṃ phalāsaṅga-rahitam, abhimāna-varjitam, ahaṃ karomīti teṣu karmasu | ato 'nyasyāpi kartṛtvābhimānābhāvaḥ phalāsaṅgābhāvaś cāsaṃbandha-kāraṇam, anyathā karmabhir badhyate mūḍhaḥ kośa-kāravad ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_9.9||
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tatra bhūta-grāmam imaṃ visṛjāmy udāsīnavad āsīnam iti ca viruddham ucyate, iti tat-parihārārtham āha -
mayādhyakṣeṇa sarvato dṛśi-mātra-svarupeṇāvikriyātmanādhyakṣeṇa mayā, mama māyā triguṇātmikāvidyā-lakṣaṇā prakṛtiḥ sūyate utpādayati sa-carācaraṃ jagat | tathā ca mantra-varṇaḥ -
eko devaḥ sarva-bhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ sarva-vyāpī sarva-bhūtāntarātmā | karmādhyakṣaḥ sarva-bhūtādhivāsaḥ
hetunā nimittenānenādhyakṣatvena kaunteya jagat sa-carācaraṃ vyaktāvyaktātmakaṃ viparivartate sarvāvasthāsu | dṛśi-karmatvāpatti-nimittā hi jagataḥ sarvā pravṛttiḥ - aham idaṃ bhokṣye, paśyāmīdam, śṛṇomīdam, sukham anubhavāmi, duḥkham anubhavāmi, tad-artham idaṃ kariṣye, idaṃ jñāsyāmi, ity ādyāvagati-niṣṭhāvagaty-avasānaiva | yo asyādhyakṣaḥ parame vyoman [Ṛk 8.7.17.7, TaittB 2.8.9] ity ādayaś ca mantrā etam arthaṃ darśayanti | tataś caikasya devasya sarvādhyakṣa-bhūta-caitanya-mātrasya paramārthataḥ sarva-bhogānabhisaṃbandhino 'nyasya cetanāntarasyābhāve bhoktur anyasyābhāvāt | kiṃ-nimitteyaṃ sṛṣṭir ity atra praśna-prativacane 'nupapanne, ko addhā veda ka iha pravocat | kuta ājātā kuta iyaṃ visṛṣṭiḥ [Ṛk 8.7.17.8] ity ādi-mantra-varṇebhyaḥ | darśitaṃ ca bhagavatā - ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ tena muhyanti jantavaḥ [Gītā 5.15] iti ||BhGS_9.10||
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evaṃ māṃ nitya-śuddha-buddham ukta-svabhāvaṃ sarvajñaṃ sarva-jantūnām ātmānam api santam -
avajānanty avajñāṃ paribhavaṃ kurvanti māṃ mūḍhā avivekinaḥ | mānuṣīṃ manuṣyasaṃbandhinīṃ tanuṃ deham āśritam, manuṣyadehena vyavaharantamity etat, paraṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ bhāvaṃ param ātma-tattvam ākāśa-kalpam ākāśād apy antaratamam ajānanto mama bhūta-maheśvaraṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ mahāntam īśvaraṃ svātmānam | tataś ca tasya mamāvajñāna-bhāvanena āhatās te varākāḥ ||BhGS_9.11||
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katham ? -
moghāśā vṛthā āśā āśiṣo yeṣāṃ te moghāśāḥ | tathā mogha-karmāṇo yāni cāgnihotrādīni tair anuṣṭhīyamānāni karmāṇi tāni ca, teṣāṃ bhagavat-paribhavāt, svātma-bhūtasyāvajñānāt moghāny eva niṣphalāni karmāṇi bhavantīti mogha-karmāṇaḥ | tathā mogha-jñānā moghaṃ niṣphalaṃ jñānaṃ yeṣāṃ te mogha-jñānāḥ, jñānam api teṣāṃ niṣphalam eva syāt | vicetaso vigata-vivekāś ca te bhavantīty abhiprāyaḥ | kiṃ ca - te bhavanti rākṣasīṃ rakṣasāṃ prakṛtiṃ svabhāvam āsurīm asurāṇāṃ ca prakṛtiṃ mohinīṃ moha-karīṃ dehātma-vādinīṃ śritāḥ āśritāḥ, | chindhi, bhindhi, piba, khāda, parasvam apahara, ity evaṃ vadana-śīlāḥ krūra-karmāṇo bhavantīty arthaḥ | asuryā nāma te lokāḥ [ĪśaU 3] iti śruteḥ ||BhGS_9.12||
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ye punaḥ śraddadhānā bhagavad-bhakti-lakṣaṇe mokṣa-mārge pravṛttāḥ -
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katham ? -
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te kena kena prakāreṇa upāsate ity ucyate -
jñāna-yajñena jñānam eva bhagavad-viṣayaṃ yajñas tena jñāna-yajñena, yajantaḥ pūjayantaḥ mām īśvaraṃ cāpy anye 'nyām upāsanāṃ parityajyopāsate | tac ca jñānam - ekatvenaikam eva paraṃ brahmeti paramārtha-darśanena yajanta upāsate | kecic ca pṛthaktvena āditya-candrādi-bhedena sa eva bhagavān viṣṇur avasthita ity upāsate | kecit bahudhāvasthitaḥ sa eva bhagavān sarvato-mukho viśva-rūpa iti taṃ viśva-rūpaṃ sarvato-mukhaṃ bahudhā bahu-prakāreṇopāsate ||BhGS_9.15||
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yadi bahubhiḥ prakārair upāsate, kathaṃ tvām eva upāsata iti | ata āha -
ahaṃ kratuḥ śrauta-karma-bhedo 'ham eva | ahaṃ yajñaḥ smārtaḥ | kiṃ ca svadhānnam aham, pitṛbhyo yad dīyate | aham auṣadhaṃ sarva-prāṇibhir yat adyate tat auṣadha-śabda-śabditaṃ vrīhi-yavādi-sādhāraṇam | athavā svadheti sarva-prāṇi-sādhāraṇam annam, auṣadham iti vyādhy-upaśamanārthaṃ bheṣajam | mantro 'ham, yena pitṛbhyo devatābhyaś ca havir dīyate | aham eva ājyaṃ haviś ca | aham agniḥ, yasmin hūte haviḥ so 'gnir aham | ahaṃ hutaṃ havana-karmaś ca ||BhGS_9.16||
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kiṃ ca -
gatiḥ karma-phalam, bhartā poṣṭā, prabhuḥ svāmī, sākṣī prāṇināṃ kṛtākṛtasya, nivāso yasmin prāṇino nivasanti, śaraṇam ārtānām, prapannānām ārti-haraḥ | suhṛt pratyupakārānapekṣaḥ sann upakārī, prabhava utpattir jagataḥ, pralayaḥ pralīyate 'smin iti, tathā sthānaṃ tiṣṭhaty asminn iti, nidhānaṃ nikṣepaḥ kālāntaropabhogyaṃ prāṇinām, bījaṃ praroha-kāraṇaṃ praroha-dharmiṇām, avyayaṃ yāvat-saṃsāra-bhāvitvāt avyayam, na hy abījaṃ kiṃcit prarohati | nityaṃ ca praroha-darśanād bīja-saṃtatir na vyetīti gamyate ||BhGS_9.18||
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kiṃ ca -
tapāmy aham ādityo bhūtvā kaiścit raśmibhir ulbaṇaiḥ | ahaṃ varṣaṃ kaiścid raśmibhir utsṛjāmi | utsṛjya punar nigṛhṇāmi kaiścid raśmibhir aṣṭabhir māsaiḥ punar utsṛjāmi prāvṛṣi | amṛtaṃ caiva devānām, mṛtyuś ca martyānām | sad yasya yat saṃbandhitayā vidyamānaṃ tat, tad-viparītam asac caivāham arjuna | na punar atyantam evāsad bhagavān, svayaṃ kārya-kāraṇe vā sad-asatī ||BhGS_9.19||
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ye pūrvoktair nivṛtti-prakārair ekatva-pṛthaktvādi-vijñānair yajñair māṃ pūjayanta upāsate jñāna-vidaḥ, te yathā-vijñānaṃ mām eva prāpnuvanti | ye punar ajñāḥ kāma-kāmāḥ -
traividyā ṛg-yajuḥ-sāma-vido māṃ vasv-ādi-deva-rūpiṇaṃ somapāḥ somaṃ pibantīti somapāḥ, tenaiva soma-pānena pūta-pāpāḥ śuddha-kilbiṣāḥ, yajñair agniṣṭomādibhir iṣṭvā pūjayitvā svar-gatiṃ svarga-gamanaṃ svar eva gatiḥ svar-gatis tām, prārthayante | te ca puṇyaṃ puṇya-phalam āsādya saṃprāpya surendra-lokaṃ śatakratoḥ sthānam aśnanti bhuñjate divyān divi bhavān aprākṛtān deva-bhogān devānāṃ bhogān ||BhGS_9.20||
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te taṃ bhuktvā svarga-lokaṃ viśālaṃ vistīrṇaṃ kṣīṇe puṇye martya-lokaṃ viśanti āviśanti | evaṃ yathoktena prakāreṇa trayī-dharmaṃ kevalaṃ vaidikaṃ karmānuprapannā gatāgataṃ gataṃ cāgataṃ ca gatāgataṃ gamanāgamanaṃ kāma-kāmāḥ kāmān kāmayanta iti kāma-kāmā labhante gatāgatam eva, na tu svātantryaṃ kvacil labhanta ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_9.21||
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ye punar niṣkāmāḥ samyag-darśinaḥ -
nanv anyeṣām api bhaktānāṃ yoga-kṣemaṃ vahaty eva bhagavān | satyaṃ vahaty eva | kiṃtv ayaṃ viśeṣaḥ - anye ye bhaktās te ātmārthaṃ svayam api yoga-kṣemam īhante | ananya-darśinas tu nātmārthaṃ yoga-kṣemam īhante | na hi te jīvite maraṇe vātmano gṛddhiṃ kurvanti | kevalam eva bhagavac-charaṇās te | ato bhagavān eva teṣāṃ yoga-kṣemaṃ vahatīti ||BhGS_9.22||
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nanv anyāpi devatās tvam eva cet tad-bhaktāś ca tvām eva yajante | satyam evam -
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kasmāt te 'vidhi-pūrvakaṃ yajanta ity ucyate | yasmāt -
ahaṃ hi sarva-yajñānāṃ śrautānāṃ smārtānāṃ ca sarveṣāṃ yajñānāṃ devatātmatvena bhoktā ca prabhur eva ca | mat-svāmiko hi yajñaḥ, adhiyajño 'ham evātra [Gītā 8.4] iti hy uktam | tathā na tu mām abhijānanti tattvena yathāvat | ataś cāvidhi-pūrvakam iṣṭvā yāga-phalāc cyavanti pracyavante te ||BhGS_9.24||
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ye 'py anya-devatā-bhakti-mattvenāvidhi-pūrvakaṃ yajante, teṣām api yāga-phalam avaśyaṃbhāvi | katham ? -
yānti gacchanti deva-vratā deveṣu vrataṃ niyamo bhaktiś ca yeṣāṃ te deva-vratā devān yānti | pitṝn agniṣv āttādīn yānti pitṛ-vratāḥ śrāddhādi-kriyā-parāḥ pitṛ-bhaktāḥ | bhūtāni vināyaka-mātṛ-gaṇa-catur-bhaginyādīni yānti bhūtejyā bhūtānāṃ pūjakāḥ | yānti mad-yājino mad-yajana-śīlā vaiṣṇavā mām eva yānti | samāne 'py āyāse mām eva na bhajante 'jñānāt, tena te 'lpa-phala-bhājo bhavantīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_9.25||
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na kevalaṃ mad-bhaktānām anāvṛtti-lakṣaṇam ananta-phalam, sukhārādhanaś cāham | katham ? -
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yataḥ evam, ataḥ -
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evaṃ kurvatas tava yat bhavati, tat sṛṇu -
śubhāśubha-phalaiḥ śubhāśubhe iṣṭāniṣṭe phale yeṣāṃ tāni śubhāśubha-phalāni karmāṇi taiḥ śubhāśubha-phalaiḥ karma-bandhanaiḥ karmāṇy eva bandhanāni karma-bandhanāni taiḥ karma-bandhanair evaṃ mad-arpaṇaṃ kurvan mokṣyase | so 'yaṃ saṃnyāsa-yogo nāma, saṃnyāsaś cāsau mat-samarpaṇatayā karmatvād yogaś cāsāv iti, tena saṃnyāsa-yogena yukta ātmāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya tava sa tvaṃ saṃnyāsa-yoga-yuktātmā san vimuktaḥ karma-bandhanair jīvann eva patite cāsmin śarīre mām upaiṣyasi āgamiṣyasi ||BhGS_9.28||
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rāga-dveṣavāṃs tarhi bhagavān, yato bhaktān anugṛhṇāti, netarān iti tan na -
samas tulyo 'haṃ sarva-bhūteṣu | na me dveṣyo 'sti na priyaḥ | agnivad aham - dūra-sthānāṃ yathāgniḥ śītaṃ nāpanayati, samīpam upasarpatām apanayati | tathāhaṃ bhaktān anugṛhṇāmi, netarān | ye bhajanti tu mām īśvaraṃ bhaktyā mayi te - svabhāvata eva, na mama rāga-nimittam - vartante | teṣu cāpy ahaṃ svabhāvata eva varte, netareṣu | naitāvatā teṣu dveṣo mam ||BhGS_9.29||
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sṛṇu mad-bhakter māhātmyam -
api cet yady api sudurācāraḥ suṣṭhu durācāro 'tīva kutsitācāro 'pi bhajate mām ananya-bhāk ananya-bhaktiḥ san, sādhur eva samyag-vṛtta eva sa mantavyo jñātavyaḥ | samyag yathāvad vyavasito hi saḥ, yasmāt sādhu-niścayaḥ saḥ ||BhGS_9.30||
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utsṛjyaś ca bāhyāṃ durācāratām antaḥ samyag-vyavasāya-sāmarthyāt -
kṣipraṃ śīghraṃ bhavati dharmātmā dharma-citta eva | śaśvan nityaṃ śāntiṃ copaśamaṃ nigacchati prāpnoti | sṛṇu paramārtham, kaunteya pratijānīhi niścitāṃ pratijñāṃ kuru, na me mama bhakto mayi samarpitāntarātmā mad-bhakto na praṇaśyatīti ||BhGS_9.31||
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kiṃ ca -
māṃ hi yasmāt pārtha vyapāśritya mām āśrayatvena gṛhītvā ye 'pi syuḥ pāpa-yonayaḥ pāpā yonir yeṣāṃ te pāpa-yonayaḥ syur bhaveyuḥ | pāpa-yonayaḥ pāpā yonir yeṣāṃ te pāpa-yonayaḥ pāpa-janmānaḥ | ke te ? ity āha -striyo vaiśyās tathā śūdrās te 'pi yānti gacchanti parāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatim ||BhGS_9.32||
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kiṃ punar brāhmaṇāḥ puṇyāḥ puṇya-yonayo bhaktā rājarṣayas tathā rājānaś ca te ṛṣayaś ceti rājarṣayaḥ | yata evam, ato 'nityaṃ kṣaṇa-bhaṅguram asukhaṃ ca sukha-varjitam imaṃ lokaṃ manuṣya-lokaṃ prāpya puruṣārtha-sādhanaṃ durlabhaṃ manuṣyatvaṃ labdhvā bhajasva sevasva mām ||BhGS_9.33||
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katham ? -
mayi vāsudeve mano yasya tava sa tvaṃ man-manā bhava | tathā mad-bhakto bhava | mad-yājī mad-yajana-śīlo bhava | mām eva ca namaskuru | mām eveśvarasyāgamiṣyasi yuktvā samādhāya cittam | evam ātmānaṃ māṃ ahaṃ hi sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām ātmā parā ca gatiḥ param ayanaṃ taṃ mām evambhūtam eṣyastīty atītena padena sambandhaḥ | mat-parāyaṇaḥ sann ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_9.34||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda- śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye rāja-vidyā-rāja-guhya-yogo nāma navamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||9||
BhG 10
atha vibhūti-yogo nāma daśamo 'dhyāyaḥ
(bhagavat-pāda-śrīmac-chaṅkarācārya-kṛta-bhāṣyam)
saptame 'dhyāye bhagavatas tattvaṃ vibhūtayaś ca prakāśitāḥ, navame ca | athedānīṃ yeṣu yeṣu bhāveṣu cintyo bhagavāṃs te te bhāvā vaktavyāḥ | tattvaṃ ca bhagavato vaktavyam uktam api, durvijñeyatvāt, ity ataḥ śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
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kim-artham ahaṃ vakṣyāmīty ata āha -
na me vidur na jānanti sura-gaṇā brahmādayaḥ | kiṃ te na viduḥ ? mama prabhavaṃ prabhāvaṃ prabhu-śakty-atiśayam, athavā prabhavaṃ prabhavanam utpattim | nāpi maharṣayo bhṛgv-ādayo viduḥ | kasmāt te na vidur ity ucyate - aham ādiḥ kāraṇaṃ hi yasmād devānāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ ||BhGS_10.2||
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kiṃ ca -
yaḥ mām ajam anādiṃ ca, yasmāt aham ādir devānāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ ca, na mamānyaḥ ādiḥ vidyate | ato 'ham ajo 'nādi ca | anāditvam ajatve hetuḥ, taṃ mām ajam anādiṃ ca yo vetti vijānāti lokamaheśvaraṃ lokānāṃ mahāntam īśvaraṃ turīyam ajñānatatkāryavarjitam asaṃmūḍhaḥ saṃmohavarjitaḥ saḥ matryeṣu manuṣyeṣu, sarvapāpaiḥ sarveḥ pāpair mati-pūrvāmatipūrva-kṛtaiḥ pramucyate pramokṣyate ||BhGS_10.3||
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itaś cāhaṃ maheśvaro lokānām -
buddhir antaḥ-karaṇasya sūkṣmādy-arthāvabodhana-sāmarthyam, tadvantaṃ buddhimān iti hi vadanti | jñānam ātmādi-padārthānām avabodhaḥ | asaṃmohaḥ pratyutpanneṣu boddhavyeṣu viveka-pūrvikā pravṛttiḥ | kṣamā ākruṣṭasya tāḍitasya vāvikṛta-cittatā | satyaṃ yathā-dṛṣṭasya yathā-śrutasya cātmānubhavasya para-buddhi-saṃkrāntaye tathaivoucāryamāṇā vāk satyam ucyate | damo bāhyendriyopaśamaḥ | śamo 'ntaḥ-karaṇasyopaśamaḥ | sukham āhlādaḥ | duḥkhaṃ santāpaḥ | bhava udbhavaḥ | abhāvas tad-viparyayaḥ | bhayaṃ ca trāsaḥ, abhayam eva ca tad-viparītam ||BhGS_10.4||
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ahiṃsāpīḍā prāṇinām | samatā sama-cittatā | tuṣṭiḥ saṃtoṣaḥ paryāpta-buddhir lābheṣu | tapa indriya-saṃyama-pūrvakaṃ śarīra-pīḍānam | dānaṃ yathā-śakti saṃvibhāgaḥ | yaśo dharma-nimittā kīrtiḥ | ayaśas tv adharma-nimittā kīrtiḥ | bhavanti bhāvā yathoktā buddhy-ādayo bhūtānāṃ prāṇināṃ matta eveśvarāt pṛthag-vidhāḥ nānā-vidhāḥ sva-karmānurūpeṇa ||BhGS_10.5||
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kiṃ ca -
maharṣayaḥ sapta bhṛgv-ādayaḥ pūrve 'tīta-kāla-saṃbandhinaḥ, catvāro manavas tathā sāvarṇā iti prasiddhāḥ | te ca mad-bhāvā mad-gata-bhāvanā vaiṣṇavena sāmarthyena upetāḥ | mānasā manasaivotpāditā mayā jātā utpannāḥ | yeṣāṃ manūnāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ ca sṛṣṭir loka imāḥ sthāvara-jaṅgama-lakṣaṇāḥ prajāḥ ||BhGS_10.6||
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etāṃ yathoktāṃ vibhūtiṃ vistāraṃ yogaṃ ca yuktiṃ cātmano ghaṭanam, athavā yogaiśvarya-sāmarthyaṃ sarva-jñatvaṃ yoga-jaṃ yoga ucyate, mama madīyaṃ yogaṃ yo vetti tattvatas tattvena yathāvad ity etat, so 'vikampenāpracalitena yogena samyag darśana-sthairya-lakṣaṇena yujyate saṃbadhyate | nātra saṃśayo nāsminn arthe saṃśayo 'sti ||BhGS_10.7||
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kīdṛśenāvikampena yogena yujyate ? ity ucyate -
ahaṃ paraṃ brahma vāsudevākhyaṃ sarvasya jagataḥ prabhava utpattiḥ | matta eva sthiti-nāśa-kriyā-phalopabhoga-lakṣaṇaṃ vikriyā-rūpaṃ sarvaṃ jagat pravartate | ity evaṃ matvā bhajante sevante māṃ budhā avagata-paramārtha-tattvāḥ | bhāva-samanvitā bhāvo bhāvanā paramārtha-tattvābhiniveśas tena samanvitāḥ saṃyuktāḥ ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_10.8||
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kiṃ ca -
mac-cittāḥ, mayi cittaṃ yeṣāṃ te mac-cittāḥ | mad-gata-prāṇāḥ māṃ gatāḥ prāptāś cakṣur-ādayaḥ prāṇā yeṣāṃ te mad-gata-prāṇāḥ | mayy upasaṃhṛta-karaṇāḥ ity arthaḥ | athavā, mad-gata-prāṇāḥ mad-gata-jīvanā ity etat | bodhayanto 'vagamayantaḥ parasparam anyonyam, kathayantaś ca jñāna-bala-vīryādi-dharmair viśiṣṭaṃ mām | tuṣyanti ca paritoṣam upayānti ca ramanti ca ratiṃ ca prāpnuvanti priya-saṃgatyeva ||BhGS_10.9||
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ye yathoktaiḥ prakārair bhajante māṃ bhaktāḥ santaḥ -
teṣāṃ satata-yuktānāṃ nityābhiyuktānāṃ nivṛtta-sarva-bāhyaiṣaṇānāṃ bhajatāṃ sevamānānām | kim arthitvādinā kāraṇena ? nety āha - -prīti-pūrvakaṃ prītiḥ snehas tat-pūrvakaṃ māṃ bhajatām ity arthaḥ | dadāmi prayacchāmi buddhi-yogaṃ buddhiḥ samyag darśanaṃ mat-tattva-viṣayaṃ tena yogo buddhi-yogas taṃ buddhi-yogam, yena buddhi-yogena samyag darśana-lakṣaṇena māṃ parameśvaram ātma-bhūtam ātmatvena upayānti pratipadyante | ke ? te ye mac-cittatvādi-prakārair māṃ bhajante ||BhGS_10.10||
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kim-artham kasya vā tvat-prāpti-pratibandha-hetor nāśakaṃ buddhi-yogaṃ teṣāṃ tvad-bhaktānāṃ dadāsi ? ity apekṣāyām āha -
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yathoktāṃ bhagavato vibhūtiṃ yogaṃ ca śrutvārjuna uvāca -
paraṃ brahma paramātmā paraṃ dhāma paraṃ tejaḥ pavitraṃ pāvanaṃ paramaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ bhavān | puruṣaṃ śāśvataṃ nityaṃ divyaṃ divi bhavam ādi-devaṃ sarva-devānām ādau bhavam ādi-devam ajaṃ vibhuṃ vibhavana-śīlam ||BhGS_10.12||
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īdṛśam -
āhuḥ kathayanti tvām ṛṣayo vasiṣṭhādayaḥ sarve devarṣir nāradas tathā | asito devalo 'pi evam evāha, vyāsaś ca, svayaṃ caiva tvaṃ ca bravīṣi me ||BhGS_10.13||
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sarvam etad yathoktam ṛṣibhis tvayā caitad ṛtaṃ satyam eva manye, yan māṃ prati vadasi bhāṣase he keśava | na hi te tava bhagavan vyaktiṃ prabhavaṃ vidur na devā na dānavāḥ ||BhGS_10.14||
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yatas tvaṃ devādīnām ādiḥ, ataḥ -
svayam eva ātmanātmānaṃ vettha jānāsi tvaṃ niratiśaya-jñānaiśvarya-balādi-śaktimantam īśvaraṃ | puruṣottama ! bhūtāni bhāvayatīti bhūta-bhāvanaḥ | he bhūtabhāvana ! bhūteśa ! bhūtānām īśitaḥ ! he deva-deva ! jagat-pate ! ||BhGS_10.15||
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vaktuṃ kathayitum arhasy aśeṣeṇa | divyā hy ātma-vibhūtayaḥ | ātmano vibhūtayo yās tāḥ vaktum arhasi | yābhir vibhūtibhir ātmano māhātmya-vistarair imān lokān tvaṃ vyāpya tiṣṭhasi ||BhGS_10.16||
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kathaṃ vidyāṃ vijānīyām ahaṃ he yogin tvāṃ sadā paricintayan | keṣu keṣu ca bhāveṣu vastuṣu cintyo 'si dhyeyo 'si bhagavan mayā ||BhGS_10.17||
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vistareṇātmano yogaṃ yogaiśvarya-śakti-viśeṣaṃ vibhūtiṃ ca vistaraṃ dhyeya-padārthānāṃ he janārdana, ardater gati-karmaṇo rūpam, asurāṇāṃ deva-pratipakṣa-bhūtānāṃ janānāṃ narakādi-gamayitṛtvāt janārdano 'bhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-puruṣārtha-prayojanaṃ sarvair janair yācyate iti vā | bhūyaḥ pūrvam uktam api kathaya | tṛptiḥ paritoṣo hi yasmān nāsti me mama śṛṇvatas tvan-mukha-niḥsṛta-vākyāmṛtam ||BhGS_10.18||
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śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
hanta idānīṃ te tava divyā divi bhavā ātma-vibhūtayo 'tmano mama vibhūtayo yās tāḥ kathayiṣyāmīty etat | prādhānyato yatra yatra pradhānā yā yā vibhūtis tāṃ tāṃ pradhānāṃ prādhānyataḥ kathayiṣyāmy ahaṃ kuru-śreṣṭha ! aśeṣatas tu varṣa-śatenāpi na śakyā vaktum, yato nāsty anto vistarasya me mama vibhūtīnām ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_10.19||
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tatra prathamam eva tāvat sṛṇu -
aham ātmā pratyag-ātmā guḍākeśa, guḍākā nidrā tasyāḥ īśo guḍākeśaḥ, jita-nidra ity arthaḥ | ghana-keśeti vā | sarva-bhūtāśaya-sthitaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām āśaye 'ntar-hṛdi sthito 'ham ātmā pratyag-ātmā nityaṃ dhyeyaḥ | tad-aśaktena cottareṣu bhāveṣu cintyo 'ham | yasmād aham eva ādir bhūtānāṃ kāraṇaṃ tathā madhyaṃ ca sthitir antaḥ pralayaś ca ||BhGS_10.20||
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evaṃ ca dhyeyo 'ham -
ādityānāṃ dvādaśānāṃ viṣṇur nāma ādityo 'ham | jyotiṣāṃ raviḥ prakāśayitṝṇām aṃśumān raśmimān | marīcir nāma marutāṃ marud-devatā-bhedānām asmi | nakṣatrāṇām ahaṃ śaśī candramāḥ ||BhGS_10.21||
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vedānāṃ madhye sāma-vedo 'smi | devānāṃ rūdrādityādīnāṃ vāsava indro 'smi | indriyāṇām ekādaśānāṃ cakṣur-ādīnāṃ manaś cāsmi saṃkalpa-vikalpātmakaṃ manaś cāsmi | bhūtānām asmi cetanā kārya-karaṇa-saṃghāte nityābhivyaktā buddhi-vṛttiś cetanā ||BhGS_10.22||
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rudrāṇām ekādaśānāṃ śaṃkaraś cāsmi | vitteśaḥ kuvero yakṣa-rakṣasāṃ yakṣāṇāṃ rakṣasāṃ ca | vasūnām aṣṭanāṃ pāvakaś cāsmy agniḥ | meruḥ śikhariṇāṃ śikharavatām aham ||BhGS_10.23||
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purodhasāṃ ca rāja-purohitānāṃ ca mukhyaṃ pradhānaṃ māṃ viddhi he pārtha bṛhaspatim | sa hīndrasyeti mukhyaḥ syāt purodhāḥ | senānīnāṃ senāpatīnām ahaṃ skando deva-senāpatiḥ | sarasāṃ yāni deva-khātāni sarāṃsi teṣāṃ sarasāṃ sāgaro 'smi bhavāmi ||BhGS_10.24||
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maharṣīṇāṃ bhṛgur aham | girāṃ vācāṃ pada-lakṣaṇānām ekam akṣaram oṃkāro 'smi | yajñānāṃ japa-yajño 'smi, sthāvarāṇāṃ sthiti-matāṃ himālayaḥ ||BhGS_10.25||
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aśvatthaḥ sarva-vṛkṣāṇām, devarṣīṇāṃ ca nārado devāḥ eva santaḥ ṛṣitvaṃ prāptāḥ mantra-darśitvāt te devarṣayaḥ | teṣāṃ nārado 'smi | gandharvāṇāṃ citraratho nāma gandharvo 'smi | siddhānāṃ janmanaiva dharma-jñāna-vairāgyaiśvaryātiśayaṃ prāptānāṃ kapilo muniḥ ||BhGS_10.26||
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ucaiḥśravasam a vānāṃ ucaiḥśravāḥ nāmā varājas taṃ māṃ viddhi vijānīhy amṛtodbhavam amṛta-nimitta-mathanodbhavam | airāvatam irāvatyāḥ apatyaṃ gajendrāṇāṃ hastīśvarāṇām, tam māṃ viddhīty anuvartate | narāṇāṃ ca manuṣyāṇāṃ narādhipaṃ rājānaṃ māṃ viddhi jānīhi ||BhGS_10.27||
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āyudhānām ahaṃ vajraṃ dadhīcy-asthi-saṃbhavam | dhenūnāṃ dogdhrīṇām asmi kāma-dhuk vasiṣṭhasya sarva-kāmānāṃ dogdhrī, sāmānyā vā kāma-dhuk | prajanaḥ prajanayitāsmi kandarpaḥ kāmaḥ | sarpāṇāṃ sarpa-bhedānām asmi vāsukiḥ sarpa-rājaḥ ||BhGS_10.28||
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anantaś cāsmi nāgānāṃ nāga-viśeṣāṇāṃ nāgarājaś cāsmi | varuṇo yādasām aham ab-devatānāṃ rājāham | pitṝṇām aryamā nāma pitṛ-rājaś cāsmi | yamaḥ saṃyamatāṃ saṃyamanaṃ kurvatām aham ||BhGS_10.29||
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prahlādo nāmaś cāsmi daityānāṃ diti-vaṃśyānām | kālaḥ kalayatāṃ kalanaṃ gaṇanaṃ kurvatām aham | mṛgāṇāṃ ca mṛgendraḥ siṃho vyāghro vāham | vainateyaś ca garutmān vinatā-sutaḥ pakṣiṇāṃ patatriṇām ||BhGS_10.30||
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pavano vāyuḥ pavatāṃ pāvayitaṝṇām asmi | rāmaḥ śastra-bhṛtām ahaṃ śastrāṇāṃ dhārayitṝṇāṃ dāśarathiḥ rāmo 'ham | jhaṣāṇāṃ matsyādīnāṃ makaro nāma jāti-viśeṣo 'ham | srotasāṃ sravantīnām asmi jāhnavī gaṅgā ||BhGS_10.31||
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sargāṇāṃ sṛṣṭīnām ādir antaś ca madhyaṃ caivāham utpatti-sthiti-layā aham arjuna | bhūtānāṃ jīvādhiṣṭhitānām eva ādir antaś cety ādy uktam upakrame, iha tu sarvasyaiva sarga-mātrasyeti viśeṣaḥ | adhyātma-vidyā vidyānāṃ mokṣārthatvāt pradhānam asmi | vādo 'rtha-nirṇaya-hetutvāt pravadatāṃ pradhānam, ataḥ so 'ham asmi | pravaktṛ-dvāreṇa vadana-bhedānām eva vāda-jalpa-vitaṇḍānām iha grahaṇaṃ pravadatām iti ||BhGS_10.32||
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akṣarāṇāṃ varṇānām akāro varṇo 'smi | dvandvaḥ samāso 'smi sāmāsikasya ca samāsa-samūhasya | kiṃ cāham evākṣayaḥ kālaḥ prasiddhaḥ kṣaṇādy-ākhyaḥ, athavā parameśvaraḥ kālasyāpi kālo 'smi | dhātāhaṃ karma-phalasya vidhātā sarva-jagato viśvato-mukhaḥ sarvato-mukhaḥ ||BhGS_10.33||
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mṛtyur dvividho dhanādi-haraḥ prāṇa-haraś ca | tatra yaḥ prāṇa-haraḥ, sa sarva-hara ucyate | so 'ham ity arthaḥ | athavā, para īśvaraḥ pralaye sarva-haraṇāt sarva-haraḥ, so 'ham | udbhava utkarṣaḥ abhyudayas tat-prāpti-hetuś cāham | keṣām ? bhaviṣyatāṃ bhāvi-kalyāṇānām, utkarṣa-prāpti-yogyānām ity arthaḥ | kīrtiḥ śrīḥ vāk ca nārīṇāṃ smṛtir medhā dhṛtiḥ kṣamā ity etā uttamāḥ strīṇām aham asmi, yāsām ābhāsa-mātra-saṃbandhenāpi lokaḥ kṛtārtham ātmānaṃ manyate ||BhGS_10.34||
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bṛhat-sāma tathā sāmnāṃ pradhānam asmi | gāyatrī cchandasām ahaṃ gāyatry-ādi-cchando-viśiṣṭānām ṛcāṃ gāyatrī ṛg aham asmīty arthaḥ | māsānāṃ mārgaśīrṣo 'ham, ṛtūnāṃ kusumākaro vasantaḥ ||BhGS_10.35||
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dyūtam akṣa-devanādi-lakṣaṇaṃ chalayatāṃ chalasya kartṝṇām asmi | tejasvināṃ tejo 'ham | jayo 'smi jetṝṇām | vyavasāyo 'smi vyavasāyinām | sattvaṃ sattvavatāṃ sāttvikānām aham ||BhGS_10.36||
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vṛṣṇīnāṃ yādavānāṃ vāsudevo 'smy ayam evāhaṃ tvatsakhaḥ | pāṇḍāvānāṃ dhanaṃjayas tvam eva | munīnīṃ mananaśīlānāṃ sarvapadārthajñāninām apy ahaṃ vyāsaḥ, kavīnāṃ ktrāntadarśinām uśanā kavir asmi ||BhGS_10.37||
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daṇḍo damayatāṃ damayitṝṇām asmy adāntānāṃ damana-kāraḥ | nītir asmi jigīṣatāṃ jetum icchatām | maunaṃ caivāsmi guhyānāṃ gopyānām | jñānaṃ jñānavatām aham ||BhGS_10.38||
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yac cāpi sarva-bhūtānāṃ bījaṃ praroha-kāraṇam, tad aham arjuna | prakaraṇopa-saṃhārārthaṃ vibhūti-saṃkṣepam āha - na tad asti bhūtaṃ carācaraṃ caram acaraṃ vā, mayā vinā yat syāt bhavet | mayāpakṛṣṭaṃ parityaktaṃ nirātmakaṃ śūnyaṃ hi tat syāt | ato mad-ātmakaṃ sarvam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_10.39||
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nānto 'sti mama divyānāṃ vibhūtīnāṃ vistarāṇāṃ parantapa | na hīśvarasya sarvātmano divyānāṃ vibhūtīnām iyattā śakyā vaktuṃ jñātuṃ vā kenacit | eṣa tūddeśata eka-deśena prokto vibhūter vistaraḥ mayā ||BhGS_10.40||
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yad yal loke vibhūtimad vibhūti-yuktaṃ sattvaṃ vastu śrīmad ūrjitam eva vā śrīr lakṣmīs tayā sahitam utsāhopetaṃ vā | tat tad evāvagaccha tvaṃ jānīhi mameśvarasya tejo 'ṃśa-saṃbhavaṃ tejaso 'ṃśa eka-deśaḥ saṃbhavo yasya tat tejo 'ṃśa-saṃbhavam ity avagaccha tvam ||BhGS_10.41||
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athavā bahunaitena evam ādinā kiṃ jñātena tavārjuna syāt sāvaśeṣeṇa | aśeṣatas tvam ucyamānam arthaṃ sṛṇu - viṣṭabhya viśeṣataḥ stambhanaṃ dṛḍhaṃ kṛtvedaṃ kṛtsnaṃ jagad ekāṃśenaikāvayavenaika-pādena, sarva-bhūta-svarūpeṇety etat | tathā ca mantra-varṇaḥ - pādo 'sya viśvā bhūtāni [Ṛk 8.4.17.3] iti | sthito 'ham iti ||BhGS_10.42||
BhG 11
athaikādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ viśva-rūpa-darśana-yogaḥ
(śrī-śaṅkarācārya-bhagavat-pāda-kṛta-bhāṣyam)
mad-anugrahāya mamānugrahārthaṃ paramaṃ niratiśayaṃ guhyaṃ gopyam adhyātma-saṃjñitam ātmānātma-viveka-viṣayaṃ yat tvayoktaṃ vaco vākyaṃ tena te vacasā moho 'yaṃ vigato mama | aviveka-buddhir apagatety arthaḥ ||BhGS_11.1||
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kiṃ ca -
bhava utpattir apyayaḥ pralayas tau bhavāpyayau hi bhūtānāṃ śrutau vistaraśaḥ mayā, na saṃkṣepataḥ | tvattas tvat-sakāśāt | kamala-patrākṣa kamalasya patraṃ kamala-patraṃ tadvad akṣiṇī yasya tava sa tvaṃ kamala-patrākṣo, he kamalapatrākṣa ! mahātmano bhāvo māhātmyam api cāvyayam akṣayam | śrutam ity anuvartate ||BhGS_11.2||
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evam etan nānyathā yathā yena prakāreṇa āttha kathayasi tvam ātmānaṃ parameśvara | tathāpi draṣṭum icchāmi te tava jñānaiśvarya-śakti-bala-vīrya-tejobhiḥ saṃpannam aiśvaraṃ vaiṣṇavaṃ rūpaṃ puruṣottama ||BhGS_11.3||
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evaṃ codito 'rjunena bhagavān uvāca -
paśya me pārtha ! rūpāṇi śataśo 'tha sahasraśaḥ | anekaśa ity arthaḥ | tāni ca nānā-vidhāny aneka-prakārāṇi divi bhavāni divyāny aprākṛtāni nānā-varṇākṛtīni ca nānā vilakṣaṇā nīla-pītādi-prakārā varṇās tathākṛtayaś cāvayava-saṃsthāna-viśeṣo yeṣāṃ rūpāṇāṃ tāni nānā-varṇākṛtīnī ca ||BhGS_11.5||
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paśyādityān dvādaśa | vasūn aṣṭau | rudrān ekādaśa | aśvinau dvau | marutaḥ sapta-sapta-gaṇā ye tān | tathā ca bahūny anyāny apy adṛṣṭa-pūrvāṇi manuṣya-loke tvayā tvatto 'nyena vā kenacit | paśyāścaryāṇy adbhutāni bhārata ||BhGS_11.6||
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na kevalam etāvad eva -
ihaika-stham ekasminn eva sthitaṃ jagat kṛtsnaṃ samastaṃ paśyādya idānīṃ sa-carācaraṃ saha careṇācareṇa ca vartate mama dehe guḍākeśa | yac cānyat jaya-parājayādi | yat śaṅkase, yad vā jayema yadi vā no jayeyur [Gītā 2.6] iti yat avocaḥ, tad api draṣṭuṃ yadīcchasi ||BhGS_11.7||
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na tu māṃ viśva-rūpa-dharaṃ śakyase draṣṭum anenaiva prākṛtena sva-cakṣuṣā svakīyena cakṣuṣā | yena tu śakyase draṣṭuṃ divyena, tad divyaṃ dadāmi te tubhyaṃ cakṣuḥ | tena paśya me yogam aiśvaram īśvarasya mama aiśvaraṃ yogaṃ yoga-śakty-atiśayam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_11.8||
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saṃjaya uvāca -
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aneka-vaktra-nayanam anekāni vaktrāṇi nayanāni ca yasmin rūpe tad aneka-vaktra-nayanam, anekādbhuta-darśanam anekāny adbhutāni vismāpakāni darśanāni yasmin rūpe tad anekādbhuta-darśanaṃ rūpam | tathāneka-divyābharaṇam anekāni divyāny ābharaṇāni yasmin tad aneka-divyābharaṇam | tathā divyānekodyatāyudhaṃ divyāny anekāny asyādīni udyatāny āyudhāni yasmin tad divyānekodyatāyudham | darśayāmāseti pūrveṇa saṃbandhaḥ ||BhGS_11.10||
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kiṃ ca -
divya-mālyāmbara-dharaṃ divyāni mālyāni puṣpāṇy ambarāṇi vasrāṇi ca dhriyante yeneśvareṇa taṃ divya-mālyāmbara-dharam, divya-gandhānulepanaṃ divyaṃ gandhānulepanaṃ yasya taṃ divya-gandhānulepanam, sarvāścarya-mayaṃ sarvāścarya-prāyaṃ devam anantaṃ nāsyānto 'stīty anantas tam, viśvato-mukhaṃ sarvato-mukhaṃ sarva-bhūtātma-bhūtatvāt, taṃ darśayāmāsa | arjuno dadarśeti vādhyāhriyate ||BhGS_11.11||
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yā punar bhagavato viśva-rūpasya bhāḥ, tasyā upamocyate -
antarikṣe vā divi sūryāṇāṃ sahasraṃ sūrya-sahasraṃ tasya yugapad utthitasya sūrya-sahasrasya yā yugapad utthitā bhāḥ, sā yadi, sadṛśī syāt tasya mahātmano viśva-rūpasyaiva bhāsaḥ | yadi vā na syāt, tato viśva-rūpasyaiva bhā atiricyate ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_11.12||
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tatas taṃ dṛṣṭvā sa vismayenāviṣṭo vismayāviṣṭo hṛṣṭāni romāṇi yasya so 'yaṃ hṛṣṭa-romā cābhavad dhanañjayaḥ | praṇamya prakarṣeṇa namanaṃ kṛtvā prahvī-bhūtaḥ san śirasā devaṃ viśva-rūpa-dharaṃ kṛtāñjaliḥ namaskārārthaṃ saṃpuṭīkṛta-hastaḥ sann abhāṣata uktavān ||BhGS_11.14||
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katham ? yat tvayā darśitaṃ viśva-rūpam, tad ahaṃ paśyāmīti svānubhavam āviṣkurvann arjuna uvāca -
paśyāmy upalabhe he deva, tava dehe devān sarvān, tathā bhūta-viśeṣa-saṃghān bhūta-viśeṣāṇāṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamānāṃ nānā-saṃsthāna-viśeṣāṇāṃ saṃghā bhūta-viśeṣa-saṃghās tān, kiṃ ca - brahmāṇaṃ catur-mukham īśam īśitāraṃ prajānāṃ kamalāsana-sthaṃ pṛthivī-padma-madhye meru-karṇikāsana-stham ity arthaḥ | ṛṣīṃś ca vasiṣṭhādīn sarvān, uragāṃś ca vāsuki-prabhṛtīn divyān divi bhavān ||BhGS_11.15||
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aneka-bāhūdara-vaktra-netram aneke bāhavar udarāṇi vaktrāṇi netrāṇi ca yasya tava sa tvam aneka-bāhūdara-vaktra-netras tam aneka-bāhūdara-vaktra-netram | paśyāmi tvā tvāṃ sarvataḥ sarvatrānanta-rūpam anantāni rūpāṇy asya ity ananta-rūpas tam ananta-rūpam | nāntam, anto 'vasānam, na madhyam, madhyaṃ nāma dvayoḥ koṭyor antaram | na punas tavādim - na devasyāntaṃ paśyāmi, na madhyaṃ paśyāmi, na punar ādiṃ paśyāmi | he viśveśvara viśva-rūpa ||BhGS_11.16||
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kiṃ ca -
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ita eva te yoga-śakti-darśanāt anuminomi -
tvam akṣaraṃ na kṣaratīti, paramaṃ brahma veditavyaṃ jñātavyaṃ mumukṣubhiḥ | tvam asya viśvasya samastasya jagataḥ paraṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ nidhānaṃ nidhīyate 'sminn iti nidhānaṃ para āśraya ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca, tvam avyayo na tava vyayo vidyata ity avyayaḥ | śāśvata-dharma-goptā śaśvad-bhavaḥ śāśvato nityo dharmas tasya goptā śāśvata-dharma-goptā | sanātanaś cirantanas tvaṃ puruṣaḥ paramaḥ mato 'bhipretaḥ me mama ||BhGS_11.18||
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kiṃ ca -
anādi-madhyāntam ādi ca madhyaṃ cāntaś ca na vidyate yasya so 'yam anādi-madhyāntas, taṃ tvām anādi-madhyāntam | ananta-vīryaṃ na tava vīryasyānto 'stīty ananta-vīryas, taṃ tvām ananta-vīryam | tathānanta-bāhum anantā bāhavo yasya tava sa tvam, ananta-bāhus taṃ tvām ananta-bāhum | śaśi-sūrya-netraṃ śaśi-sūryau netre yasya tava sa tvaṃ śaśi-sūrya-netras, taṃ tvāṃ śaśi-sūrya-netraṃ candrāditya-nayanam | paśyāmi tvāṃ dīpta-hutāśa-vaktraṃ dīptaś cāsau hutāśaś ca vaktraṃ yasya tava sa tvaṃ dīpta-hutāśa-vaktras, taṃ tvāṃ dīpta-hutāśa-vaktram | sva-tejasā viśvam idaṃ samastaṃ tapantam ||
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dyāv-āpṛthivyor idam antaraṃ hy antarikṣaṃ vyāptaṃ tvayaikena viśva-rūpa-dhareṇa diśaś ca sarvā vyāptāḥ | dṛṣṭvā upalabhyādbhutaṃ vismāpakaṃ rūpam idaṃ tavograṃ krūraṃ lokānāṃ trayaṃ loka-trayaṃ pravyathitaṃ bhītaṃ pracalitaṃ vā | he mahātman ! akṣudra-svabhāva ||BhGS_11.20||
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athādhunā purā yad vā jayema yadi vā no jayeyuḥ [Gītā 2.6] ity arjunasya yaḥ saṃśaya āsīt, tan-nirṇayāya pāṇḍava-jayam aikāntikaṃ darśayāmīti pravṛtto bhagavān | taṃ paśyann āha | kiṃ ca -
amī hi yudhyamānā yoddhāras tvā tvāṃ sura-saṃghāḥ ye 'tra bhū-bhārāvatārāyāvatīrṇā vasv-ādi-deva-saṃghā manuṣya-saṃsthānās tvāṃ viśanti praviśanto dṛśyante | tatra kecit bhītāḥ prāñjalayaḥ santo gṛṇanti stuvanti tvām anye palāyane 'py aśaktāḥ santaḥ | yuddhe pratyupasthita utpātādi-nimittāni upalakṣya svasty astu jagata iti uktvā maharṣi-siddha-saṃghāḥ maharṣīṇāṃ siddhānāṃ ca saṃghāḥ stuvanti tvāṃ stutibhiḥ puṣkalābhiḥ saṃpūrṇābhiḥ ||BhGS_11.21||
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kiṃ cānyat -
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yasmāt -
rūpaṃ mahad atipramāṇaṃ te tava bahu-vaktra-netraṃ bahūni vaktrāṇi mukhāni cakṣūṃṣi ca yasmin tad rūpaṃ bahu-vaktra-netram | he mahā-bāho ! bahu-bāhūru-pādaṃ bahavo bāhava ūravaḥ pādāś ca yasmin rūpe tad bahu-bāhūru-pādam | kiṃ ca, bahūdaraṃ bahūni udarāṇi yasminn iti bahūdaram | bahu-daṃṣṭrā-karālaṃ bahvībhir daṃṣṭrābhiḥ karālaṃ vikṛtaṃ tad bahu-daṃṣṭrā-karālam | dṛṣṭvā rūpam īdṛśaṃ lokā laukikāḥ prāṇinaḥ pravyathitāḥ pracalitā bhayena | tathāham api ||BhGS_11.23||
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tatredaṃ kāraṇam -
nabhaḥ-spṛśaṃ dyu-sparśam ity arthaḥ | dīptaṃ prajvalitam | aneka-varṇam aneke varṇā bhayaṅkarāḥ nānā-saṃsthānā yasmin tvayi taṃ tvām aneka-varṇam | vyāttānanaṃ vyāttāni vivṛtāni ānanāni mukhāni yasmin tvayi taṃ tvāṃ vyāttānanam | dīpta-viśāla-netraṃ dīptāni prajvalitāni viśālāni vistīrṇāni netrāṇi yasmin tvayi taṃ tvāṃ dīpta-viśāla-netraṃ dṛṣṭvā hi tvāṃ pravyathitāntarātmā pravyathitaḥ prabhīto 'ntarātmā mano yasya mama so 'haṃ pravyathitāntarātmā san dhṛtiṃ dhairyaṃ na vindāmi na labhe śamaṃ copaśamanaṃ manas-tuṣṭim | he viṣṇo ||BhGS_11.24||
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kasmāt ?
daṃṣṭrā-karālāni daṃṣṭrābhiḥ karālāni vikṛtāni te tava mukhāni dṛṣṭvaivopalabhya kālānala-saṃnibhāni pralaya-kāle lokānāṃ dāhako 'gniḥ kālānalas tat-sadṛśāni kālānala-saṃnibhāni mukhāni dṛṣṭvety etat | diśaḥ pūrvāpara-vivekena na jāne diṅ-mūḍho jāto 'smi | ato na labhe ca nopalabhe ca śarma sukham | ataḥ prasīda prasanno bhava he deveśa, jagan-nivāsa ||BhGS_11.25||
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yebhyo mama parājayāśaṅkā yāsīt sā cāpagatā | yataḥ -
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kiṃ ca -
vaktrāṇi mukhāni te tava tvaramāṇās tvarā-yuktāḥ santo viśanti | kiṃ-viśiṣṭani mukhāni ? daṃṣṭrā-karālāni bhayānakāni bhayaṅkarāṇi | kiṃ ca, kecit mukhāni praviṣṭānāṃ madhye vilagnā daśanāntareṣu māṃsam iva bhakṣitaṃ saṃdṛśyanta upalabhyante cūrṇitaiś cūrṇīkṛtair uttamāṅgaiḥ śirobhiḥ ||BhGS_11.27||
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kathaṃ praviśanti mukhāni ? ity āha -
yathā nadīnāṃ sravantīnāṃ bahavo 'neke 'mbūnāṃ vegā ambu-vegās tvarā-viśeṣāḥ samudram evābhimukhāḥ pratimukhā dravanti praviśanti | tathā tadvat tavāmī bhīṣmādayo nara-loka-vīrā manuṣya-loke śūrāḥ viśanti vaktrāṇy abhivijvalanti prakāśamānāni ||BhGS_11.28||
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te kim-arthaṃ praviśanti kathaṃ ca ? ity āha -
yathā pradīptaṃ jvalanam agniṃ pataṅgāḥ pakṣiṇo viśanti nāśāya vināśāya samṛddha-vegāḥ samṛddha udbhūto vego gatir yeṣāṃ te samṛddha-vegāḥ | tathaiva nāśāya viśanti lokāḥ prāṇinas tavāpi vaktrāṇi samṛddha-vegāḥ ||BhGS_11.29||
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tvaṃ punaḥ -
lelihyase āsvādayasi grasamāno 'ntaḥ praveśayan samantāt samantataḥ lokān samagrān samastān vadanair vaktrair jvaladbhir dīpyamānais tejobhir āpūrya saṃvyāpya jagat samagraṃ sahāgreṇa samastam ity etat | kiṃ ca, bhāso dīptayas tavogrāḥ krūrāḥ pratapanti pratāpaṃ kurvanti he viṣṇo vyāpana-śīla ||BhGS_11.30||
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yataḥ evam ugra-svabhāvaḥ, ataḥ -
ākhyāhi kathaya me mahyaṃ ko bhavān ugra-rūpaḥ krūrākāraḥ | namo 'stu te tubhyaṃ he deva-vara devānāṃ pradhāna, prasīda prasādaṃ kuru | vijñātuṃ viśeṣeṇa jñātum icchāmi bhavantam ādyam ādau bhavam ādyam, na hi yasmāt prajānāmi tava tvadīyāṃ pravṛttiṃ ceṣṭam ||BhGS_11.31||
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śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
kālo 'smi loka-kṣaya-kṛt lokānāṃ kṣayaṃ karotīti loka-kṣaya-kṛt pravṛddho vṛddhiṃ gataḥ | yad-arthaṃ pravṛddhas tac chṛṇu - lokān samāhartuṃ saṃhartum ihāsmin kāle pravṛttaḥ | ṛte 'pi vināpi tvā tvāṃ na bhaviṣyanti bhīṣma-droṇa-karṇa-prabhṛtayaḥ sarve, yebhyas tava āśaṅkā, ye 'vasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu anīkam anīkaṃ prati pratyanīkeṣu pratipakṣa-bhūteṣu anīkeṣu yodhā yoddhāraḥ ||BhGS_11.32||
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yasmād evam -
tasmāt tvam uttiṣṭha bhīṣma-prabhṛtayo 'tirathā ajeyā devair apy arjunena jitā iti yaśaḥ labhasva | kevalaṃ puṇyair hi tat prāpyate | jitvā śatrūn duryodhana-prabhṛtīn bhuṅkṣva rājyaṃ samṛddham asapatnam akaṇṭakam | mayaivaite nihatā niścayena hatāḥ prāṇair viyojitāḥ pūrvam eva | nimitta-mātraṃ bhava tvam | he savyasācin ! savyena vāmenāpi hastena śarāṇāṃ kṣepāt savyasācīty ucyate 'rjunaḥ ||BhGS_11.33||
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droṇaṃ ca, yeṣu yeṣu yodheṣv arjunasyāśaṅkā tāṃs tān vyapadiśati bhagavān mayā hatān iti | tatra droṇa-bhīṣmayos tāvat prasiddham āśaṅkā-kāraṇam | droṇas tu dhanur-vedācāryo divyāstra-saṃpannaḥ | ātmanaś ca viśeṣato gurur gariṣṭhaḥ | bhīṣmaś ca svacchanda-mṛtyur divyāstra-saṃpannaś ca paraśurāmeṇa dvandva-yuddham agamat, na ca parājitaḥ | tathā jayadrathaḥ | yasya pitā tapaś carati mama putrasya śiro bhūmau nipātayiṣyati yaḥ, tasyāpi śiraḥ patiṣyatīti | karṇo 'pi vāsava-dattayā śaktyā tv amoghayā saṃpannaḥ sūrya-putraḥ kānīno yataḥ, atas tan-nāmnaiva nirdeśaḥ | mayā hatān tvaṃ jahi nimitta-mātreṇa | mā vyathiṣṭhās tebhyo bhayaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | yudhyasva jetāsi duryodhana-prabhṛtīn raṇe yuddhe sapatnān śatrūn ||BhGS_11.34||
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saṃjaya uvāca -
etat śrutvā vacanaṃ keśavasya pūrvoktaṃ kṛtāñjaliḥ san vepamānaḥ kampamānaḥ kirīṭī namaskṛtvā | bhūyaḥ punar evāhoktavān kṛṣṇaṃ sa-gadgadaṃ bhayāviṣṭasya duḥkhābhighātāt snehāviṣṭasya ca harṣodbhavāt, aśru-pūrṇa-netratve sati śleṣmaṇā kaṇṭhāvarodhaḥ | tataś ca vāco 'pāṭavaṃ manda-śabdatvaṃ yat sa-gadgadas tena saha vartateti sa-gadgadaṃ vacanam āheti vacana-kriyā-viśeṣaṇam etat | bhīta-bhītaḥ punaḥ punar bhayāviṣṭa-cetāḥ san praṇamya prahvo bhūtvā | āheti vyavahitena saṃbandhaḥ ||BhGS_11.35||
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arjuna uvāca -
sthāne yuktam | kiṃ tat ? tava prakītryā tvan-māhātmya-kīrtanena śrutena | he hṛṣīkeśa ! yat jagat prahṛṣyati praharṣam upaiti, tat sthāne yuktam ity arthaḥ | athavā viṣaya-viśeṣaṇaṃ sthāna iti | yukto harṣādi-viṣayo bhagavān, yata īśvaraḥ sarvātmā sarva-bhūta-suhṛc ceti | tathānurajyate 'nurāgaṃ copaiti | tac ca viṣaya iti vyākhyeyam | kiṃ ca, rakṣāṃsi bhītāni bhayāviṣṭani diśo dravanti gacchanti | tac ca sthāne viṣaye | sarve namasyanti namaskurvanti ca siddha-saṃghāḥ siddhānāṃ samudāyāḥ kapilādīnām, tac ca sthāne ||BhGS_11.36||
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bhagavato harṣādi-viṣayatve hetuṃ darśayati -
kasmāc ca hetos te tubhyaṃ na nameran namaskuryur he mahātman ! garīyase gurutarāya | yato brahmaṇo hiraṇyagarbhasyāpi ādi-kartā kāraṇam atas tasmād ādi-kartre | katham ete na namaskuryuḥ ? ato harṣādīnāṃ namaskārasya ca sthānaṃ tvam arho viṣaya ity arthaḥ | he 'nanta deveśa he jagan-nivāsa tvam akṣaraṃ tat param, yad vedānteṣu śrūyate | kiṃ tat ? sad asad iti | sad vidyamānam, asac ca yatra nāstīti buddhiḥ | ta upadhāna-bhūte sad-asatī yasyākṣarasya, yad-dvāreṇa sad asad ity upacaryate | paramārthatas tu sad-asatoḥ paraṃ tat akṣaraṃ yad akṣaraṃ veda-vido vadanti [Gītā 8.11] | tat tvam eva, nānyad ity abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_11.37||
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punar api stauti -
tvam ādi-devo jagataḥ sraṣṭṛtvāt | puruṣaḥ, puri śayanāt purāṇaś cirantanas tvam evāsya viśvasya paraṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ nidhānaṃ nidhīyate 'smin jagat sarvaṃ mahā-pralayādāv iti | kiṃ ca, vettāsi, veditāsi sarvasyaiva vedya-jātasya | yac ca vedyaṃ vedanārhaṃ tac cāsi paraṃ ca dhāma paramaṃ padaṃ vaiṣṇavam | tvayā tataṃ vyāptaṃ viśvaṃ samastam | he 'nanta-rūpa ! anto na vidyate tava rūpāṇām ||BhGS_11.38||
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kiṃ ca -
vāyus tvaṃ yamaś cāgniḥ varuṇo 'pāṃ patiḥ śaśāṅkaś candramāḥ prajāpatis tvaṃ kaśyapādiḥ prapitāmahaś ca pitāmahasyāpi pitā prapitāmahaḥ, brahmaṇo 'pi pitā ity arthaḥ | namo namas te tubhyam astu sahasra-kṛtvaḥ | punaś ca bhūyo 'pi namo namas te | bahuśo namaskāra-kriyābhyāsāvṛtti-gaṇanaṃ kṛtva-sucocyate | punaś ca bhūyo 'pīti śraddhā-bhakta-yati-śayād aparitoṣam ātmano darśayati ||BhGS_11.39||
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tathā -
namaḥ purastāt pūrvasyāṃ diśi tubhyam, atha pṛṣṭhatas te pṛṣṭhato 'pi ca te namo 'stu te sarvata eva sarvāsu dikṣu sarvatra sthitāya | he sarva ! ananta-vīryāmita-vikramo 'nantaṃ vīryam asya, amito vikramo 'sya | vīryaṃ sāmarthyaṃ vikramaḥ parākramaḥ | vīryavān api kaścit śatru-vadhādi-viṣaye na parākramate, manda-parākramo vā | tvaṃ tv ananta-vīryo 'mita-vikramaś cety ananta-vīryāmita-vikramaḥ | sarvaṃ samastaṃ jagat samāpnoṣi samyag ekenātmanā vyāpnoṣi yataḥ, tatas tasmād asi bhavasi sarvas tvam | tvayā vinābhūtaṃ na kiṃcid astīty abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_11.40||
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yato 'haṃ tvan-māhātmyāparijñānād aparāddhaḥ | ataḥ -
sakhā samāna-vayā iti matvā jñātvā viparīta-buddhyā prasabham abhibhūya prasahya yad uktaṃ he kṛṣṇa he yādava he sakheti cājānatājñāninā mūḍhena | kim ajānatā ? ity āha - mahimānaṃ māhātmyaṃ tavedam īśvarasya viśva-rūpam | tavedaṃ mahimānam ajānateti vaiyadhikaraṇyena saṃbandhaḥ | tavemam iti pāṭho yady asti, tadā sāmānādhikaraṇyam eva | mayā pramādāt vikṣipta-cittatayā, praṇayena vāpi | praṇayo nāma sneha-nimitto visrambhaḥ | tenāpi kāraṇena yad uktavān asmi ||BhGS_11.41||
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yac cāvahāsārthaṃ parihāsa-prayojanāyāsatkṛtaḥ paribhūto 'si bhavasi | kva ? vihāra-śayyāsana-bhojaneṣu | viharaṇaṃ vihāraḥ pāda-vyāyāmaḥ, śayanaṃ śayyā, āsanam āsthāyikā, bhojanam adanam, ity eteṣu vihāra-śayyāsana-bhojaneṣu, ekaḥ parokṣaḥ sann asatkṛto 'si paribhūto 'si | athavāpi he 'cyuta ! tat samakṣam, tac-chabdaḥ kriyā-viśeṣaṇārthaḥ, pratyakṣaṃ vāsatkṛto 'si tat sarvam aparādha-jātaṃ kṣāmaye kṣamāṃ kāraye tvām aham aprameyaṃ pramāṇātītam ||BhGS_11.42||
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yatas tvam -
pitāsi janayitāsi lokasya prāṇi-jātasya carācarasya sthāvara-jaṅgamasya | na kevalaṃ tvam asya jagataḥ pitā | pūjyaś ca pūjārhaḥ, yato gurur garīyān gurutaraḥ | kasmād gurutaras tvam ity āha - na tvat-samas tvat-tulyo 'sti | na hīśvara-dvayaṃ saṃbhavati, aneke varatve vyavahārānupapatteḥ | tvat-sama eva tāvad anyo na saṃbhavati | kuta evānyo 'bhyadhikaḥ syāt loka-traye 'pi sarvasmin ? apratima-prabhāva ! pratimīyate yayā sā pratimā, na vidyate pratimā yasya tava prabhāvasya sa tvam apratima-prabhāvo he 'pratima-prabhāva niratiśaya-prabhāva ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_11.43||
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yata evam -
tasmāt praṇamya namaskṛtya, praṇidhāya prakarṣeṇa nīcair dhṛtvā kāyaṃ śarīram, prasādaye prasādaṃ kāraye tvām aham īśam īśitāram, īḍyaṃ stutyam | tvaṃ punaḥ putrasyāparādhaṃ pitā yathā kṣamate, sarvaṃ sakheva sakhyur aparādham, yathā vā priyaḥ priyāyā aparādhaṃ kṣamate | evam arhasi he deva ! soḍhuṃ prasahitum kṣantum ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_11.44||
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adṛṣṭa-pūrvaṃ na kadācid api dṛṣṭa-pūrvam idaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ tava mayānyairvā, tat ahaṃ dṛṣṭvā hṛṣito 'smi | bhayena ca pravyathitaṃ manaḥ me | atas tad eva me mama darśaya he deva rūpaṃ yat matsakham | prasīda deveśa, jagan-nivāsa jagato nivāso jagan-nivāsaḥ, he jagan-nivāsa ||BhGS_11.45||
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kirīṭinaṃ kirīṭavantaṃ tathā gadinaṃ gadāvantaṃ cakra-hastam icchāmi tvāṃ prārthaye tvāṃ draṣṭum aham, tathaiva pūrvavad ity arthaḥ | yata evam, tasmāt tenaiva rūpeṇa vasudeva-putra-rūpeṇa catur-bhujena, sahasra-bāho ! vārtamānikena viśva-rūpeṇa, bhava viśva-mūrte | upasaṃhṛtya viśva-rūpam, tenaiva rūpeṇa bhavety arthaḥ ||BhGS_11.46||
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arjunaṃ bhītam upalabhya, upasaṃhṛtya viśva-rūpam, priya-vacanena āśvāsayan śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
mayā prasannena, prasādo nāma tvayy anugraha-buddhiḥ, tadvatā prasannena mayā tava | he 'rjuna ! idaṃ paraṃ rūpaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ darśitam ātma-yogād ātmana aiśvaryasya sāmarthyāt | tejo-mayaṃ tejaḥ-prāyaṃ viśvaṃ samastam anantam anta-rahitaṃ ādau bhavam ādyaṃ, yad rūpaṃ me mama tvad-anyena tvatto 'nyena kenacin na dṛṣṭa-pūrvam ||BhGS_11.47||
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ātmano mama rūpa-darśanena kṛtārtha eva tvaṃ saṃvṛtta iti tat stauti -
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mā te vyathā mā bhūt te bhayam, mā ca vimūḍha-bhāvo vimūḍha-cittatā, dṛṣṭvopalabhya rūpaṃ ghoram īdṛk yathā-darśitaṃ mamedam | vyapeta-bhīr vigata-bhayaḥ, prīta-manāś ca san punar bhūyas tvaṃ tad eva catur-bhujaṃ rūpaṃ śaṅkha-cakra-gadādharaṃ taveṣṭaṃ rūpam idaṃ prapaśya ||BhGS_11.49||
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saṃjaya uvāca -
ity evam arjunaṃ vāsudevas tathā-bhūtaṃ vacanam uktvā, svakaṃ vasudevasya gṛhe jātaṃ rūpaṃ darśayāmāsa darśitavān bhūyaḥ punaḥ | āśvāsayāmāsa ca āśvāsitavān bhītam enam, bhūtvā punaḥ saumya-vapuḥ prasanna-deho mahātmā ||BhGS_11.50||
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dṛṣṭvedaṃ mānuṣaṃ rūpaṃ mat-sakhaṃ prasannaṃ tava saumyaṃ janārdana, idānīm, adhunāsmi saṃvṛttaḥ saṃjātaḥ | kim ? sa-cetāḥ prasanna-cittaḥ prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ gataś cāsmi ||BhGS_11.51||
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śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
sudurdarśaṃ suṣṭhu duḥkhena darśanam asyeti sudurdarśam | idaṃ rūpaṃ dṛṣṭavān asi yan mama, devā apy asya mama rūpasya nityaṃ sarvadā darśana-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ | darśanepsavo 'pi na tvam iva dṛṣṭavantaḥ, na drakṣyanti cety abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_11.52||
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kasmāt ? -
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kathaṃ punaḥ śakya ity ucyate -
bhaktyā tu kiṃ-viśiṣṭayā ity āha - ananyayāpṛthag-bhūtayā, bhagavato 'nyatra pṛthaṅ na kadācid api yā bhavati sā tv ananyā bhaktiḥ | sarvair api karaṇaiḥ vāsudevād anyan na upalabhyate yayā, sānanyā bhaktiḥ, tayā bhaktyā śakyo 'ham evaṃ-vidho viśva-rūpa-prakāro he 'rjuna, jñātuṃ śāstrataḥ | na kevalaṃ jñātuṃ śāstrataḥ, draṣṭuṃ ca sākṣāt-kartuṃ tattvena tattvataḥ, praveṣṭuṃ ca mokṣaṃ ca gantuṃ parantapa ||BhGS_11.54||
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adhunā sarvasya gītā-śāstrasya sāra-bhūto 'rtho niḥśreyasārtho 'nuṣṭheyatvena samuccityocyate -
mat-karma-kṛn mad-arthaṃ karma mat-karma, tat karotīti mat-karma-kṛt | mat-paramaḥ - karoti bhṛtyaḥ svāmi-karma, na tv ātmanaḥ paramā pretya gantavyā gatir iti svāminaṃ pratipadyate | ayaṃ tu mat-karma-kṛn mām eva paramāṃ gatiṃ pratipadyate iti mat-paramaḥ, ahaṃ paramaḥ parā gatir yasya so 'yaṃ mat-paramaḥ | tathā mad-bhakto mām eva sarva-prakāraiḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ sarvātmanā sarvotsāhena bhajate iti mad-bhaktaḥ | saṅga-varjito dhana-putra-mitra-kalatra-bandhu-vargeṣu saṅga-varjitaḥ saṅgaḥ prītiḥ snehas tad-varjitaḥ | nirvairo nirgata-vairaḥ sarva-bhūteṣu śatru-bhāva-rahita ātmano ' tyantāpakāra-pravṛtteṣv api | ya īdṛśo mad-bhaktaḥ sa mām eti | aham eva tasya parā gatiḥ, nānyā gatiḥ kācit bhavati | ayaṃ tavopadeśa iṣṭo mayā upadiṣṭaḥ | he pāṇḍāva ! iti ||BhGS_11.55||
BhG 12
atha bhakti-yogo nāma dvādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śrī-śaṅkarācārya-bhagavat-pāda-kṛta-bhāṣyam)
dvitīyādhyāya-prabhṛtiṣu vibhūty-anteṣu adhyāyeṣu paramātmano brahmaṇo 'kṣarasya vidhvasta-sarvopādhi-viśeṣasyopāsanam uktam | sarva-yogaiśvarya-sarva-jñāna-śaktimat-sattvopādher īśvarasya tatra copāsanaṃ tatra tatroktam | viśva-rūpādhyāye tv aiśvaram ādyaṃ samasta-jagad-ātma-rūpaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ tvadīyaṃ darśitam upāsanārtham eva tvayā | tac ca darśayitvā uktavān asi mat-karma-kṛd [Gītā 11.55] ity ādi | ato 'ham anayor ubhayoḥ pakṣayor viśiṣṭatara-bubhutsayā tvāṃ pṛcchāmīty arjuna uvāca -
evam ity atītānantara-lokena uktam arthaṃ parāmṛśati mat-karma-kṛd ity ādinā | evaṃ satata-yuktāḥ, nairantaryeṇa bhagavat-karmādau yathokte 'rthe samāhitāḥ santaḥ pravṛttā ity arthaḥ | ye bhaktā ananya-śaraṇāḥ santas tvāṃ yathā-darśitaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ paryupāsate dhyāyanti | ye cānye 'pi tyakta-sarveṣaṇāḥ saṃnyasta-sarva-karmāṇo yathā-viśeṣitaṃ brahmākṣaraṃ nirasta-sarvopādhitvād avyaktam akaraṇa-gocaram | yad dhi karaṇa-gocaraṃ tad vyaktam ucyate, añjer dhātos tat-karmakatvāt | idaṃ tv akṣaraṃ tad-viparītam, śiṣṭau ca ucyamānair viśeṣaṇair viśiṣṭam, tad ye cāpi paryupāsate, teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ madhye ke yogi-vittamāḥ ? ke 'tiśayena yoga-vida ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_12.1||
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śrī-bhagavān uvāca - ye tv akṣaropāsakāḥ samyag-darśino nivṛttaiṣaṇās te tāvat tiṣṭhantu | tān prati yad vaktavyam, tad upariṣṭād vakṣyāmaḥ | ye tv itare -
mayi viśva-rūpe parameśvara āveśya samādhāya mano ye bhaktāḥ santaḥ, māṃ sarva-yoge varāṇām adhīśvaraṃ sarvajñaṃ vimukta-rāgādi-kleśa-timira-dṛṣṭim, nitya-yuktā atītānantarādhyāyāntokta-ślokārtha-nyāyena satata-yuktāḥ santa upāsate śraddhayā parayā prakṛṣṭayopetāḥ, te me mama matā abhipretā yuktatamā iti | nairantaryeṇa hi te mac-cittatayāho-rātram ativāhayanti | ato yuktaṃ tān prati yuktatamā iti vaktum ||BhGS_12.2||
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kim itare yuktatamā na bhavanti ? na | kiṃtu tān prati yad vaktavyam, tac chṛṇu -
ye tv akṣaram anirdeśyam, avyaktatvād aśabda-gocareti na nirdeṣṭuṃ śakyate, ato 'nirdeśyam | avyaktaṃ na kenāpi pramāṇena vyajyata ity avyaktaṃ paryupāsate pari samantād upāsate | upāsanaṃ nāma yathā-śāstram upāsyasyārthasya viṣayī-karaṇena sāmīpyam upagamya taila-dhārāvat samāna-pratyaya-pravāheṇa dīrgha-kālaṃ yad āsanam, tad upāsanam ācakṣate | akṣarasya viśeṣaṇam āha - sarvatra-gaṃ vyomavad vyāpy acintyaṃ cāvyaktatvād acintyam | yad dhi karaṇa-gocaram, tan manasāpi cintyam, tad-viparītatvād acintyam akṣaram, kūṭa-sthaṃ dṛśyamāna-guṇam antar-doṣaṃ vastu kūṭam | kūṭa-rūpam kūṭa-sākṣyam ity ādau kūṭa-śabdaḥ prasiddho loke | tathā cāvidyādy-aneka-saṃsāra-bījam antar-doṣavan māyā-vyākṛtādi-śabda-vācyatayā māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyān māyinaṃ tu maheśvaram [ŚvetU 4.10], mama māyā duratyayā [Gītā 7.14] ity ādau prasiddhaṃ yat tat kūṭam, tasmin kūṭe sthitaṃ kūṭa-sthaṃ tad-adhyakṣatayā | athavā, rāśir iva sthitaṃ kūṭa-stham ata evācalam | yasmād acalam, tasmād dhruvam, nityam ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_12.3||
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saṃniyamya samyak niyamya upasaṃhṛtya indriya-grāmam indriya-samudāyaṃ sarvatra sarvasmin kāle sama-buddhayaḥ samā tulyā buddhir yeṣām iṣṭāniṣṭa-prāptau te sama-buddhayaḥ | te ye evaṃ-vidhās te prāpnuvanti mām eva sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ | na tu teṣāṃ vaktavyaṃ kiṃcit māṃ te prāpnuvantīti | jñānī tv ātmaiva me matam iti hy uktam | na hi bhagavat-svarūpāṇāṃ satāṃ yuktatamatvam ayuktatamatvaṃ vā vācyam ||BhGS_12.4||
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kleśo 'dhikataraḥ | yadyapi mat-karmādi-parāṇāṃ kleśo 'dhika eva | kleśo 'dhikataras tv akṣarātmanāṃ paramārtha-darśināṃ dehābhimāna-parityāga-nimittaḥ | avyaktāsakta-cetasām avyakta āsaktaṃ ceto yeṣāṃ te 'vyaktāsakta-cetasas teṣām avyaktāsakta-cetasām | avyaktā hi yasmād yā gatir akṣarātmikā duḥkhaṃ sā dehavadbhir dehābhimānavadbhir avāpyate | ataḥ kleśo 'dhikataraḥ | akṣaropāsakānāṃ yad vartanam, tad upariṣṭād vakṣyāmaḥ ||BhGS_12.5||
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ye tu sarvāṇi karmāṇi mayīśvare saṃnyasya mat-parā ahaṃ paro yeṣāṃ te mat-parāḥ santo 'nanyenaivāvidyamānam anyat ālambanaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ devam ātmānaṃ muktvā yasya so 'nanyas tenānanyenaiva | kena ? yogena samādhinā māṃ dhyāyantaś cintayanta upāsate ||BhGS_12.6||
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teṣāṃ kim ? -
teṣāṃ mad-upāsanaika-parāṇām aham īśvaraḥ samuddhartā | kutaḥ ? ity āha - mṛtyu-saṃsāra-sāgarān mṛtyu-yuktaḥ saṃsāro mṛtyu-saṃsāraḥ, sa eva sāgara iva sāgaraḥ, dustaratvāt, tasmāt mṛtyu-saṃsāra-sāgarāt ahaṃ teṣāṃ samuddhartā bhavāmi na cirāt | kiṃ tarhi ? kṣipram eva he pārtha, mayi āveśita-cetasāṃ mayi viśva-rūpa āveśitaṃ samāhitaṃ ceto yeṣāṃ te mayy āveśita-cetasas teṣām ||BhGS_12.7||
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yata evam, tasmāt -
mayy eva viśva-rūpa īśvare manaḥ saṃkalpa-vikalpātmakaṃ ādhatsva sthāpaya | mayy evādhyavasāyaṃ kurvatīṃ buddhim ādhatsva niveśaya | tatas te kiṃ syād iti sṛṇu - nivasiṣyasi nivatsyasi niścayena mad-ātmanā mayi nivāsaṃ kariṣyasi | evātaḥ śarīra-pātād ūrdhvam | na saṃśayaḥ, saṃśayo 'tra na kartavyaḥ ||BhGS_12.8||
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atha evaṃ yathāvocaṃ tathā mayi cittaṃ samādhātuṃ sthāpayituṃ sthiram acalaṃ na śaknoṣi cet, tataḥ paścād abhyāsa-yogena | cittasyaikasmin ālambane sarvataḥ samāhṛtya punaḥ punaḥ sthāpanam abhyāsaḥ | tat-pūrvako yogaḥ samādhāna-lakṣaṇas tenābhyāsa-yogena māṃ viśva-rūpam iccha prārthayasva āptuṃ prāptum | he dhanañjaya ||BhGS_12.9||
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abhyāse 'py asamartho 'sy aśakto 'si, tarhi mat-karma-paramo bhava mad-arthaṃ karma mat-karma tat-paramaḥ mat-karma-paramaḥ, mat-karma-pradhāna ity arthaḥ | abhyāsena vinā mad-artham api karmāṇi kevalaṃ kurvan siddhiṃ sattva-śuddhi-yoga-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇāvāpsyasi ||BhGS_12.10||
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idānīṃ sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ stauti -
śreyo hi praśasyataraṃ jñānam | kasmāt ? viveka-pūrvakād abhyāsāt | tasmād api jñānāj jñāna-pūrvakaṃ dhyānaṃ viśiṣyate | jñānavato dhyānād api karma-phala-tyāgo viśiṣyata ity anuṣajyate | evaṃ karma-phala-tyāgāt pūrva-viśeṣaṇavataḥ śāntir upaśamaḥ sa-hetukasya saṃsārasyānantaram eva syāt, na tu kālāntaram apekṣate |
ajñasya karmaṇi pravṛttasya pūrvopadiṣṭopāyānuṣṭhānāśaktau sarva-karmaṇāṃ phala-tyāgaḥ śreyaḥ-sādhanam upadiṣṭam, na prathamam eva | ataś ca śreyo hi jñānam abhyāsād ity uttarottara-viśiṣṭatvopadeśena sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaḥ stūyate, saṃpanna-sādhanānuṣṭhānāśaktau anuṣṭheyatvena śrutatvāt | kena sādharmyeṇa stutitvam ? yadā sarve pramucyanta iti sarva-kāma-prahāṇād amṛtatvam uktam | tat prasiddham | kāmāś ca sarve śrauta-smārta-karmaṇāṃ phalāni | tat-tyāge ca viduṣo dhyāna-niṣṭhasyānantaraiva śāntir iti sarva-kāma-tyāga-sāmānyam ajña-karma-phala-tyāgasyāstīti tat-sāmānyāt sarva-karma-phala-tyāga-stutir iyaṃ prarocanārthā | yathāgastyena brāhmaṇena samudraḥ pīta itīdānīṃtanā api brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇatva-sāmānyāt stūyante, evaṃ karma-phala-tyāgāt
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atra cātmeśvara-bhedam āśritya viśva-rūpa īśvare cetaḥ-samādhāna-lakṣaṇo yoga uktaḥ, īśvarārthaṃ karmānuṣṭhānādi ca | athaitad apy aśakto 'si [Gītā 12.11] ity ajñāna-kārya-sūcanān nābheda-darśino 'kṣaropāsakasya karma-yoga upapadyata iti darśayati | tathā karma-yogino 'kṣaropāsanānupapattim | te prāpnuvanti mām eva [Gītā 12.4] ity akṣaropāsakānāṃ kaivalya-prāptau svātantryam uktvā, itareṣāṃ pāratantryād īśvarādhīnatāṃ darśitavān teṣām ahaṃ samuddhartā [Gītā 12.7] iti | yadi hīśvarasyātma-bhūtās te matā abheda-darśitvāt, akṣara-svarūpā eva ta iti samuddharaṇa-karma-vacanaṃ tān praty apeśalaṃ syāt | yasmāc cārjunasyātyantam eva hitaiṣī bhagavān tasya samyag-darśanānanvitaṃ karma-yogaṃ bheda-dṛṣṭimantam eva upadiśati | na cātmānam īśvaraṃ pramāṇato buddhvā kasyacid guṇa-bhāvaṃ jigamiṣati kaścid, virodhāt | tasmād akṣaropāsakānāṃ samyag darśana-niṣṭhānāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ tyakta-sarveṣaṇānām adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānām ity ādi-dharma-pūgaṃ sākṣād amṛtatva-kāraṇaṃ vakṣyāmīti pravartate -
adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānāṃ na dveṣṭā, ātmano duḥkha-hetum api na kiṃcid dveṣṭi, sarvāṇi bhūtāny ātmatvena hi paśyati | maitro mitra-bhāvo maitrī mitratayā vartata iti maitraḥ | karuṇa eva ca, karuṇā kṛpā duḥkhiteṣu dayā, tadvān karuṇaḥ, sarva-bhūtābhaya-pradaḥ, saṃnyāsīty arthaḥ | nirmamo mama-pratyaya-varjitaḥ | nirahaṃkāro nirgatāhaṃ-pratyayaḥ | sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ same duḥkha-sukhe dveṣa-rāgayor apravartake yasya sa sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ | kṣamī kṣamāvān, ākruṣṭo 'bhihato vāvikriya evāste ||BhGS_12.13||
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saṃtuṣṭaḥ satataṃ nityaṃ deha-sthiti-kāraṇasya lābhe 'lābhe ca utpannālaṃ-pratyayaḥ | tathā guṇaval-lābhe viparyaye ca saṃtuṣṭaḥ | satataṃ yogī samāhita-cittaḥ | yatātmā saṃyata-svabhāvaḥ | dṛḍha-niścayo dṛḍhaḥ sthiro niścayo 'dhyavasāyo yasyātma-tattva-viṣaye sa dṛḍha-niścayaḥ | mayy arpita-mano-buddhiḥ saṃkalpa-vikalpātmakaṃ manaḥ, adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇā buddhiḥ, te mayy evārpite sthāpite yasya saṃnyāsinaḥ sa mayy arpita-mano-buddhiḥ | ya īdṛśo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ | priyo hi jñānino 'ty artham ahaṃ sa ca mama priya iti saptame 'dhyāye sūcitam, tad iha prapañcyate ||BhGS_12.14||
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yasmāt saṃnyāsino nodvijate nodvegaṃ gacchati na santapyate na saṃkṣubhyati lokaḥ, tathā lokān nodvijate ca yaḥ, harṣāmarṣa-bhayodvegair harṣaś cāmarṣaś ca bhayaṃ codvegaś ca tair harṣāmarṣa-bhayodvegair muktaḥ | harṣaḥ priya-lābhe 'ntaḥ-karaṇasyotkarṣo romāñcanāśrupātādi-liṅgaḥ | amarṣo 'sahiṣṇutā | bhayaṃ trāsaḥ | udvega udvignatā | tair mukto yaḥ sa ca me priyaḥ ||BhGS_12.15||
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dehendriya-viṣaya-saṃbandhādiṣu apekṣā-viṣayeṣu anapekṣo niḥspṛhaḥ | śucir bāhyena ābhyantareṇa ca śaucena saṃpannaḥ | dakṣaḥ pratyutpanneṣu kāryeṣu sadyo yathāvat pratipattuṃ samarthaḥ | udāsīno na kasyacit mitrādeḥ pakṣaṃ bhajate yaḥ, sa udāsīno yatiḥ | gata-vyatho gata-bhayaḥ | sarvārambha-parityāgī ārabhyanteti | ārambhā ihāmutra-phala-bhogārthāni kāma-hetūni karmāṇi sarvārambhāḥ, tān parityaktuṃ śīlam asyeti sarvārambha-parityāgī yaḥ mad-bhaktaḥ saḥ me priyaḥ ||BhGS_12.16||
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samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca, tathā mānāpamānayoḥ pūjā-paribhavayoḥ, śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu samaḥ | sarvatra ca saṅga-vivarjitaḥ ||BhGS_12.18||
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tulya-nindā-stutiḥ | nindā ca stutiś ca nindā-stutī | te tulye yasya sa tulya-nindā-stutiḥ | maunī maunavān saṃyata-vāk | saṃtuṣṭaḥ yena kenacit śarīra-sthiti-hetu-mātreṇa | tathā coktam -
yena kenacid ācchanno yena kenacid āśitaḥ |
kiṃ ca, aniketo niketa āśrayo nivāso niyato na vidyate yasya so 'niketaḥ, nāgāre ity ādi-smṛty-antarāt | sthira-matiḥ sthirā paramārtha-viṣayā yasya matiḥ saḥ sthira-matiḥ | bhaktimān me priyo naraḥ ||BhGS_12.19||
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adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānām [Gītā 12.13] ity ādinākṣaropāsakānāṃ nivṛtta-sarveṣaṇānāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ paramārtha-jñāna-niṣṭhānāṃ dharma-jātaṃ prakrāntam upasaṃhriyate -
ye tu saṃnyāsino dharmyāmṛtaṃ dharmād anapetaṃ dharmyaṃ ca tad amṛtaṃ ca tat, amṛtatva-hetutvāt, idaṃ yathoktam, adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānām ity ādinā paryupāsate 'nutiṣṭhanti śraddadhānāḥ santaḥ mat-paramāḥ yathokto 'ham akṣarātmā paramo niratiśayā gatir yeṣāṃ te mat-paramāḥ, mad-bhaktāś cottamāṃ paramārtha-jñāna-lakṣaṇāṃ bhaktim āśritāḥ, te 'tīva me priyāḥ | priyo hi jñānino 'ty artham [Gītā 7.18] iti yat sūcitaṃ tat vyākhyāyehopasaṃhṛtam bhaktās te 'tīva me priyā iti | yasmād dharmyāmṛtam idaṃ yathoktam anutiṣṭhan bhagavato viṣṇoḥ parameśvarasyātīva priyo bhavati, tasmād idaṃ dharmyāmṛtaṃ mumukṣuṇā yatnato 'nuṣṭheyaṃ viṣṇoḥ priyaṃ paraṃ dhāma jigamiṣuṇeti vākyārthaḥ ||BhGS_12.20||
BhG 13
[*NOTE: Numbering of this adhyaya out of tune with standard editions and probably defective; "13.33" missing!]
atha kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yogo nāma trayodaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śrī-śaṅkarācārya-bhagavat-pāda-kṛta-bhāṣyam)
saptame 'dhyāye sūcite dve prakṛtī īśvarasya triguṇātmikāṣṭadhā bhinnāparā saṃsāra-hetutvāt, parā cānyā jīva-bhūtā kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇeśvarātmikā | yābhyāṃ prakṛtibhyām īśvaro jagad-utpatti-sthiti-laya-hetutvaṃ pratipadyate | tatra kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇa-prakṛti-dvaya-nirūpaṇa-dvāreṇa tadvata īśvarasya tattva-nirdhāraṇārthaṃ kṣetrādhyāya ārabhyate | atītānantarādhyāye ca adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānāṃ [Gītā 12.13] ity ādinā yāvad-adhyāya-parisamāptis tāvat tattva-jñānināṃ sannyāsināṃ niṣṭhā yathā te vartanta ity etad uktam | kena punas te tattva-jñānena yuktā yathokta-dharmācaraṇād bhagavataḥ priyā bhavanty evam arthaś cāyam adhyāya ārabhyate | prakṛtiś ca triguṇātmikā sarva-kārya-karaṇa-viṣayākāreṇa pariṇatā puruṣasya bhogāpavargārtha-kartavyatayā dehendriyādyākāreṇa saṃhanyate | so 'yaṃ saṅghāta idaṃ śarīram | tad etad bhagavān uvāca --
idam iti sarva-nāmnoktaṃ viśinaṣṭi śariram iti | he kaunteya ! kṣata-trāṇāt kṣayāt kṣaraṇāt, kṣetravad vāsmin karma-phala-niṣpatteḥ kṣetram iti | iti-śabda evaṃ-śabdedārthakaḥ | kṣetram ity evam abhidhīyate kathyate | etac charīraṃ kṣetraṃ yo vetti vijānāti, āpāda-tala-mastakaṃ jñānena viṣayīkaroti, svābhāvikenaupadeśikena vā vedanena viṣayīkaroti vibhāgaśaḥ, taṃ veditāraṃ prāhuḥ kathayanti kṣetrajña iti | iti-śabdaḥ evaṃ-śabda-padārthaka eva pūrvavat | kṣetrajñaḥ ity evam āhuḥ | ke ? tad-vidas tau kṣetra-kṣetrajñau ye vidanti te tad-vidaḥ ||BhGS_13.1||
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evaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñau uktau | kim etāvan-mātreṇa jñānena jñātavyau? iti nety ucyate -
kṣetrajñaṃ yathokta-lakṣaṇaṃ cāpi māṃ parameśvaram asaṃsāriṇaṃ viddhi jānīhi | sarva-kṣetreṣu yaḥ kṣetrajño brahmādi-stamba-paryantāneka-kṣetropādhi-pravibhaktaḥ | taṃ nirasta-sarvopādhi-bhedaṃ sad-asad-ādi-śabda-pratyayāgocaraṃ viddhīty abhiprāyaḥ | he bhārata ! yasmāt kṣetra-kṣetrajñeśvara-yāthātmya-vyatirekeṇa na jñāna-gocaram anyad avaśiṣṭam asti, tasmāt kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor jñeya-bhūtayor yaj jñānaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñau yena jñānena viṣayīkriyete, taj jñānaṃ samyag-jñānam iti matam abhiprāyaḥ mameśvarasya viṣṇoḥ ||
nanu sarva-kṣetreṣv eka eveśvaraḥ | nānyas tad-vyatirikto bhoktā vidyate cet, tata īśvarasya saṃsāritvaṃ prāptam | īśvara-vyatirekeṇa vā saṃsāriṇo 'nyasyābhāvāt saṃsārābhāva-prasaṅgaḥ | tac cobhayam aniṣṭam, bandha-mokṣa-tad-dhetu-śāstrānarthakya-prasaṅgāt, pratyakṣādi-pramāṇa-virodhāc ca | pratyakṣeṇa tāvat sukha-duḥkha-tad-dhetu-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃsāra upalabhyate | jagad-vaicitryopalabdhe ca dharmādharma-nimittaḥ saṃsāro 'numīyate | sarvam etad anupapannam ātmeśvaraikatve | na | jñānājñānayor anyatvenopapatteḥ | dūram ete viparīte viṣūcī avidyā yā ca vidyeti jñātā [KaṭhU 1.2.4] tathā tayor vidyāvidyā-viṣayayoḥ phala-bhedo 'pi viruddho nirdiṣṭaḥ - śreyaś ca preyaś ca [KaṭhU 1.2.2] iti | vidyā-viṣayaḥ śreyaḥ, preyas tv avidyā-kāryam iti | tathā ca vyāsaḥ - dvāv imāv atha panthānau [Mbh 12.241.6] ity ādi, imau dvāv eva panthānāv ity ādi ca | iha ca dve niṣṭhe ukte | avidyā ca saha kāryeṇa vidyayā hātavyeti śruti-smṛti-nyāyebhyo 'vagamyate |
śrutayas tāvat - iha ced avedīd atha satyam asti na ced ihāvedīn mahatī vinaṣṭiḥ [KenaU 2.5], tam evaṃ vidvān amṛta iha bhavati [TaittĀ 3.12], nānyaḥ panthā vidyate 'yanāya [ŚvetU 3.8] vidvān na bibheti kutaścana [TaittU 2.9] |
aviduṣas tu - atha tasya bhayaṃ bhavati [TaittU 2.7], avidyāyām antare vartamānāḥ [KaṭhU 1.2.5], brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati [MuṇḍU 3.2.9], anyo 'sāv anyo 'ham asmīti na sa veda yathā paśur evaṃ sa devānām [BAU 1.4.10] | ātmavid yaḥ sa idaṃ sarvaṃ bhavati [BAU 1.4.10], yadā carmavat [ŚvetU 6.20] ity ādyāḥ sahasraśaḥ |
smṛtayaś ca - ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ tena muhyanti jantavaḥ [Gītā 5.25], ihaiva tair jitaḥ sargo yeṣāṃ sāmye sthitaṃ manaḥ [Gītā 5.19], samaṃ paśyan hi sarvatra [Gītā 13.29] ity ādyāḥ |
nyāyataś ca - sarpān kuśāgrāṇi tathodapānaṃ jñātvā manuṣyāḥ parivarjayanti | ajñānatas tatra patanti kecij jñāne
tathā ca - dehādiṣu ātma-buddhir avidvān rāga-dveṣādi-prayukto dharmādharmānuṣṭhāna-kṛj jāyate mriyate cety avagamyate | dehādi-vyatiriktātma-darśino rāga-dveṣādi-prahāṇāpekṣa-dharmādharma-pravṛtty-upaśamān mucyanta iti na kenacit pratyākhyātuṃ śakyaṃ nyāyataḥ | tatraivaṃ sati, kṣetrajñasyeśvarasyaiva sato 'vidyā-kṛtopādhi-bhedataḥ saṃsāritvam iva bhavati, yathā dehādy-ātmatvam ātmanaḥ | sarva-jantūnāṃ hi prasiddho dehādiṣv anātmasu ātma-bhāvo niścito 'vidyā-kṛtaḥ, yathā sthāṇau puruṣa-niścayaḥ | na caitāvatā puruṣa-dharmaḥ sthāṇor bhavati, sthāṇu-dharmo vā puruṣasya | tathā na caitanya-dharmo dehasya, deha-dharmo vā cetanasya sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakatvādir ātmano na yuktaḥ | avidyā-kṛtatvāviśeṣāt, jarā-mṛtyuvat |
na, atulyatvāt | iti cet - sthāṇu-puruṣau jñeyāv eva santau jñātrānyonyasminn adhyastāv avidyayā | dehātmanos tu jñeya-jñātror eva itaretarādhyāsaḥ, iti na samo dṛṣṭāntaḥ |
ato deha-dharmo jñeyo 'pi jñātur ātmano bhavatīti cet, na | acaitanyādi-prasaṅgāt | yadi hi jñeyasya dehādeḥ kṣetrasya dharmāḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohecchādayo jñātur bhavanti, tarhi, jñeyasya kṣetrasya dharmāḥ kecit ātmano bhavanty avidyādhyāropitāḥ, jarā-maraṇādayas tu na bhavantīti viśeṣa-hetur vaktavyaḥ | na bhavantīty asty anumānam - avidyādhyāropitatvāj jarā-maraṇādivad iti, heyatvāt, upādeyatvāc cety ādi |
tatraivaṃ sati, kartṛtva-bhoktṛtva-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃsāro jñeya-stho jñātary avidyayādhyāropita iti, na tena jñātuḥ kiṃcid duṣyati | yathā bālair adhyāropitenākāśasya tala-malinatvādinā |
evaṃ ca sati, sarva-kṣetreṣv api sato bhagavataḥ kṣetrajñasyeśvarasya saṃsāritva-gandha-mātram api nāśaṅkayam | na hi kvacid api loke 'vidyādhyastena dharmeṇa kasyacid upakāro 'pakāro vā dṛṣṭaḥ |
yat tūktam - na samo dṛṣṭānta iti, tad asat | katham ? avidyādhyāsa-mātraṃ hi dṛṣṭānta-dārṣṭāntikayoḥ sādharmyaṃ vivakṣitam | tan na vyabhicarati | yat tu jñātari vyabhicaratīti manyase, tasyāpy anaikāntikatvaṃ darśitaṃ jarādibhiḥ ||
avidyāvattvāt kṣetrajñasya saṃsāritvam iti cet, na | avidyāyās tāmasatvāt | tāmaso hi pratyayaḥ, āvaraṇātmakatvād avidyā viparīta-grāhakaḥ, saṃśayopasthāpako vā, agrahaṇātmako vā | viveka-prakāśa-bhāve tad-abhāvāt tāmase cāvaraṇātmake timirādi-doṣe saty agrahaṇāder avidyā-trayasya upalabdheḥ ||
atrāha - evaṃ tarhi jñātṛ-dharmo 'vidyā | na | karaṇe cakṣuṣi taimirikatvādi-doṣopalabdheḥ | yat tu manyase - jñātṛ-dharmo 'vidyā, tad eva cāvidyā-dharmavattvaṃ kṣetrajñasya saṃsāritvam | tatra yad uktam īśvara eva kṣetrajñaḥ, na saṃsārīty etad ayuktam iti, tan na | yathā karaṇe cakṣuṣi viparīta-grāhakādi-doṣasya darśanāt | na viparītādi-grahaṇaṃ tan-nimittaṃ vā taimirikatvādi-doṣo grahītuḥ, cakṣuṣaḥ saṃskāreṇa timire 'panīte grahītur adarśanān na grahītur dharmo yathā | tathā sarvatraivāgrahaṇa-viparīta-saṃśaya-pratyayās tan-nimittāḥ karaṇasyaiva kasyacit bhavitum arhanti, na jñātuḥ kṣetrajñasya | saṃvedyatvāc ca teṣāṃ pradīpa-prakāśavan na jñātṛ-dharmatvam | saṃvedyatvād eva svātma-vyatirikta-saṃvedyatvam | sarva-karaṇa-viyoge ca kaivalye sarva-vādibhir avidyādi-doṣavat-tvānabhyupagamāt | ātmano yadi kṣetrajñasyāgny-uṣṇavat svo dharmaḥ, tato na kadācid api tena viyogaḥ syāt | avikriyasya ca vyomavat sarva-gatasyāmūrtasya ātmanaḥ kenacit saṃyoga-viyogānupapatteḥ, siddhaṃ kṣetrajñasya nityam eveśvaratvam | anāditvān nirguṇatvād [Gītā 13.32] ity ādīśvara-vacanāc ca ||
nanv evaṃ sati saṃsāra-saṃsāritvābhāve śāstrānarthakyādi-doṣaḥ syād iti cet, na | sarvair abhyupagatatvāt | sarvair hy ātma-vādibhir abhyupagato doṣo naikena parihartavyo bhavati | katham abhyupagata iti ? muktātmanāṃ hi saṃsāra-saṃsāritva-vyavahārābhāvaḥ sarvair eva ātma-vādibhir iṣyate | na ca teṣāṃ śāstrānarthakyādi-doṣa-prāptir abhyupagatā | tathā naḥ kṣetrajñānām īśvaraikatve sati, śāstrānarthakyaṃ bhavatu | avidyā-viṣaye cārthavattvam - yathā dvaitināṃ sarveṣāṃ bandhāvasthāyām eva śāstrādy-arthavattvam, na muktāvasthāyām, evam ||
nanv ātmano bandha-muktāvasthe paramārthata eva vastu-bhūte dvaitināṃ sarveṣām | ato heyopādeya-tat-sādhana-sad-bhāve śāstrādy-arthavattvaṃ syāt | advaitināṃ punaḥ, dvaitasyāparamārthatvāt, avidyā-kṛtatvād bandhāvasthāyāś cātmano 'paramārthatve nirviṣayatvāt, śāstrādyānarthakyam iti cet, na | ātmano 'vasthā-bhedānupapatteḥ | yadi tāvat ātmano bandha-muktāvasthe, yugapat syātām, krameṇa vā | yugapat tāvat virodhān na saṃbhavataḥ sthiti-gatī ivaikasmin | krama-bhāvitve ca, nirnimittatvaṃ sa-nimittatvaṃ vā ? nirnimittatve 'nirmokṣa-prasaṅgaḥ | sa-nimittatve ca svato 'bhāvāt aparamārthatva-prasaṅgaḥ | tathā ca saty abhyupagama-hāniḥ |
kiṃ ca, bandha-muktāvasthayoḥ paurvāparya-nirūpaṇāyāṃ bandhāvasthā pūrvaṃ prakalpyā, anādimaty antavatī ca | tac ca pramāṇa-viruddham | tathā mokṣāvasthādimaty anantā ca pramāṇa-viruddhaivābhyupagamyate | na cāvasthāvato 'vasthāntaraṃ gacchato nityatvam upapādayituṃ śakyam | athānityatva-doṣa-parihārāya bandha-muktāvasthā-bhedo na kalpyate | ato dvaitinām api śāstrānarthakyādi-doṣo 'parihārya eva | iti samānatvān nādvaita-vādinā parihartavyo doṣaḥ ||
na ca śāstrānarthakyam, yathā-prasiddhāvidvat-puruṣa-viṣayatvāc chāstrasya | aviduṣāṃ hi phala-hetvor anātmanor ātma-darśanam, na viduṣām | viduṣāṃ hi phala-hetubhyām ātmano 'nyatva-darśane sati, tayor aham ity ātma-darśanānupapatteḥ | na hy atyanta-mūḍha unmattādir api jalāgnyoś chāyā-prakāśayor vaikātmyaṃ paśyati | kim uta vivekī | tasmān na vidhi-pratiṣedha-śāstraṃ tāvat phala-hetubhyām ātmano 'nyatva-darśino bhavati | na hi "devadatta, tvam idaṃ kuru" iti kasmiṃścit karmaṇi niyukte, "viṣṇumitro 'haṃ niyuktaḥ" iti tatra-stho niyogaṃ sṛṇvann api pratipadyate | viyoga-viṣaya-vivekāgrahaṇāt tūpapadyate pratipattiḥ | tathā phala-hetvor api ||
nanu prākṛta-saṃbandhāpekṣayā yuktaiva pratipattiḥ śāstrārtha-viṣayā - phala-hetubhyām anyātma-viṣaya-darśane 'pi sati - iṣṭa-phala-hetau pravartito 'smi, aniṣṭa-phala-hetoś ca nivartito 'smīti | yathā pitṛ-putrādīnām itaretarātmānyatva-darśane saty apy anyonya-niyoga-pratiṣedhārtha-pratipattiḥ | na | vyatiriktātma-darśana-pratipatteḥ prāg eva phala-hetvor ātmābhimānasya siddhatvāt | pratipanna-niyoga-pratiṣedhārtho hi phala-hetubhyām ātmano 'nyatvaṃ pratipadyate, na pūrvam | tasmād vidhi-pratiṣedha-śāstram avidvad-viṣayam iti siddham ||
nanu svarga-kāmo yajeta [Ap.Śr.S. 10.2.1] na kalañjaṃ bhakṣayed ity ādāv ātma-vyatireka-darśinām apravṛttau, kevala-dehādy-ātma-dṛṣṭīnāṃ ca | ataḥ kartur abhāvāc chāstrānarthakyam iti cet, na | yathā-prasiddhita eva pravṛtti-nivṛtty-upapatteḥ | īśvara-kṣetrajñaikatva-darśī brahma-vit tāvan na pravartate | tathā nairātmyavādy api nāsti para-loka iti na pravartate | yathā-prasiddhitas tu vidhi-pratiṣedha-śāstra-śravaṇānyathānupapattyānumitātmāstitva ātma-viśeṣānabhijñaḥ karma-phala-saṃjāta-tṛṣṇaḥ śraddadhānatayā ca pravartate | iti sarveṣāṃ na pratyakṣam | ato na śāstrānarthakyam ||
vivekinām apravṛtti-darśanāt tad-anugāminām apravṛttau śāstrānarthakyam iti cet, na | kasyacid eva vivekopapatteḥ | anekeṣu hi prāṇiṣu kaścid eva vivekī syāt, yathedānīm | na ca vivekinam anuvartante mūḍhāḥ, rāgādi-doṣa-tantratvāt pravṛtteḥ, abhicaraṇādau ca pravṛtti-darśanāt, svābhāvyāc ca pravṛtteḥ | svabhāvas tu pravartate [Gītā 5.14] iti hi uktam ||
tasmāt avidyā-mātraṃ saṃsāro yathā-dṛṣṭa-viṣaya eva | na kṣetrajñasya kevalasyāvidyā tat-kāryaṃ ca | na ca mithyā-jñānaṃ paramārtha-vastu dūṣayituṃ samartham | na hy ūṣara-deśaṃ snehena paṅkī-kartuṃ śaknoti marīcy-udakam | tathāvidyā kṣetrajñasya na kiṃcit kartuṃ śaknoti | ataś cedam uktam - kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi | ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānam [Gītā 5.15] iti ca ||
atha kim idaṃ saṃsāriṇām ivāham evam mamaivedam iti paṇḍitānām api ? sṛṇu | idaṃ tat pāṇḍityam, yat kṣetra evātma-darśanam | yadi punaḥ kṣetrajñam avikriyaṃ paśyeyus tato na bhogaṃ karma vākāṅkṣeyur mama syād iti | vikriyaiva bhoga-karmaṇī | athaivaṃ sati, phalārthitvād avidvān pravartate | viduṣaḥ punar avikriyātma-darśinaḥ phalārthitvābhāvāt pravṛtty-anupapattau kārya-karaṇa-saṃghāta-vyāpāroparame nivṛttir upacaryate ||
idaṃ cānyat pāṇḍityaṃ kasyacid astu - kṣetrajña īśvara eva | kṣetraṃ cānyat kṣetrajñasyaiva viṣayaḥ | ahaṃ tu saṃsārī sukhī duḥkhī ca | saṃsāroparamaś ca mama kartavyaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-vijñānena, dhyānena ceśvaraṃ kṣetrajñaṃ sākṣāt kṛtvā tat-svarūpāvasthāneneti | yaś caivaṃ budhyate, yaś ca bodhayati, nāsau kṣetrajña iti | evaṃ manvāno yaḥ sa paṇḍitāpaśabdaḥ | saṃsāra-mokṣayoḥ śāstrasya cārthavattvaṃ karomīti | ātmahā svayaṃ mūḍho 'nyāṃ ca vyāmohayati śāstrārtha-saṃpradāya-rahitatvāt, śruta-hānim aśruta-kalpanāṃ ca kurvan | tasmāt asaṃpradāya-vit sarva-śāstra-vid api mūrkhavad eva upekṣaṇīyaḥ ||
yat tūktam īśvarasya kṣetrajñaikatve saṃsāritvaṃ prāpnoti | kṣetrajñānāṃ ceśvaraikatve saṃsāriṇo 'bhāvāt saṃsārābhāva-prasaṅga iti | etau doṣau pratyuktau vidyāvidyayor vailakṣaṇyābhyupagamād iti | katham ? avidyā-parikalpita-doṣeṇa tad-viṣayaṃ vastu pāramārthikaṃ na duṣyatīti | tathā ca dṛṣṭanto darśitaḥ - marīcy-ambhasā ūṣara-deśo na paṅkīkriyata iti | saṃsāriṇo 'bhāvāt saṃsārābhāva-prasaṅga-doṣo 'pi saṃsāra-saṃsāriṇor avidyā-kalpitatvopapattyā pratyuktaḥ ||
nanu avidyāvattvam eva kṣetrajñasya saṃsāritva-doṣaḥ | tat-kṛtaṃ ca sukhitva-duḥkhitvādi pratyakṣam upalabhyate iti cet, na | jñeyasya kṣetra-dharmatvāt, jñātuḥ kṣetrajñasya tat-kṛta-doṣānupapatteḥ | yāvat kiṃcit kṣetrajñasya doṣa-jātam avidyamānam āsañjayasi, tasya jñeyatvopapatteḥ kṣetra-dharmatvam eva, na kṣetrajña-dharmatvam | na ca tena kṣetrajño duṣyati, jñeyena jñātuḥ saṃsargānupapatteḥ | yadi hi saṃsargaḥ syāt, jñeyatvam eva nopapadyeta | yady ātmano dharmo 'vidyāvattvaṃ duḥkhitvādi ca kathaṃ bhoḥ pratyakṣam upalabhyate | kathaṃ vā kṣetrajña-dharmaḥ | jñeyaṃ ca sarvaṃ kṣetraṃ jñātaiva kṣetrajña ity avadhārite, avidyā-duḥkhitvādeḥ kṣetrajña-viśeṣaṇatvaṃ kṣetrajña-dharmatvaṃ tasya ca pratyakṣopalabhyatvam iti viruddham ucyate 'vidyā-mātrāvaṣṭambhāt kevalam ||
atrāha - sāvidyā kasya ? iti | yasya dṛśyate tasyaiva | kasya dṛśyate ? iti | atrocyate - avidyā kasya dṛśyate iti praśno nirarthakaḥ | katham ? dṛśyate ced avidyā, tadvantam api paśyasi | na ca tadvaty upalabhyamāne sā kasya ? iti praśno yuktaḥ | na hi gomati upalabhyamāne gāvaḥ kasya ? iti praśno 'rthavān bhavati |
nanu viṣamo dṛṣṭāntaḥ | gavāṃ tadvataś ca pratyakṣatvāt tat-saṃbandho 'pi pratyakṣa iti praśno nirarthakaḥ | na tathāvidyā tadvāṃś ca pratyakṣau, yataḥ praśno nirarthakaḥ syāt | apratyakṣeṇāvidyāvatāvidyā-saṃbandhe jñāte, kiṃ tava syāt ? avidyāyā anartha-hetutvāt parihartavyā syāt | yasyāvidyā, sa tāṃ parihariṣyati |
nanu mamaivāvidyā | jānāsi tarhy avidyāṃ tadvantaṃ ca ātmānam | jānāmi, na tu pratyakṣeṇa | anumānenaś cej jānāsi, kathaṃ saṃbandhagrahaṇam ? na hi tava jñātuḥ jñeya-bhūtayāvidyayā tat-kāle saṃbandho grahītuṃ śakyate, avidyāyā viṣayatvenaiva jñātur upayuktatvāt | na ca jñātur avidyāyā ca saṃbandhasya yo grahītā, jñānaṃ cānyat tad-viṣayaṃ saṃbhavati | anavasthā-prāpteḥ | yadi jñātrāpi jñeya-saṃbandho jñāyate, anyo jñātā kalpyaḥ syāt, tasyāpy anyaḥ, tasyāpy anyaḥ ity anavasthāparihāryā | yadi punar avidyā jñeyā, anyad vā jñeyaṃ jñeyam eva | tathā jñātāpi jñātaiva, na jñeyaṃ bhavati | yadā caivam, avidyā-duḥkhitvādyair na jñātuḥ kṣetrajñasya kiṃcit duṣyati ||
nanu ayam eva doṣaḥ, yat doṣavat-kṣetra-vijñātṛtvam | na ca vijñāna-svarūpasyaivāvikriyasya vijñātṛtvopacārāt | yathoṣṇatā-mātreṇāgnes tapti-kriyopacāraḥ, tadvat | yathātra bhagavatā kriyākāraka-phalātmatvābhāva ātmani svata eva darśitaḥ - avidyādhyāropita eva kriyā-kārakādir ātmany upacaryate | tathā tatra tatra ya enaṃ vetti hantāram [Gītā 2.19], prakṛteḥ kriyamāṇāni guṇaiḥ karmāṇi sarvaśaḥ [Gītā 3.27], nādatte kasyacit pāpam [Gītā 5.15] ity ādi-prakaraṇeṣu darśitaḥ | tathaiva ca vyākhyātam asmābhiḥ | uttareṣu ca prakaraṇeṣu darśayiṣyāmaḥ ||
hanta ! tarhy ātmani kriyā-kāraka-phalātmatāyāḥ svato 'bhāve, avidyayā cādhyāropitatve, karmāṇy avidvat-kartavyāny eva, na viduṣām iti prāptam | satyam evaṃ prāptam, etad eva ca na hi deha-bhṛtā śakyam ity atra darśayiṣyāmaḥ | sarva-śāstrārthopasaṃhāra-prakaraṇe ca samāsenaiva kaunteya niṣṭhā jñānasya yā parā ity atra viśeṣato darśayiṣyāmaḥ | alam iha bahu-prapañcanena, iti upasaṃhriyate ||BhGS_13.2||
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idaṃ śarīram [Gītā 13.2] ity-ādi-ślokopadiṣṭasya kṣetrādhyāyārthasya saṃgraha-śloko 'yam upanyasyate tat kṣetraṃ yac cety ādi, vyācikhyāsitasya hy arthasya saṃgrahopanyāso nyāyya iti -
yan nirdiṣṭam idaṃ śarīram iti tat tac-chabdena parāmṛśati | yac ca idaṃ nirdiṣṭaṃ kṣetraṃ tat yādṛk yādṛśaṃ svakīyair dharmaiḥ | ca-śabdaḥ samuccayārthaḥ | yad-vikāri yo vikāro yasya tat yad-vikāri, yato yasmāc ca yat, kāryam utpadyate iti vākya-śeṣaḥ | sa ca yaḥ kṣetrajño nirdiṣṭaḥ sa yat-prabhāvo ye prabhāvā upādhi-kṛtāḥ śaktayo yasya sa yat-prabhāvaś ca | tat kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor yāthātmyaṃ yathā-viśeṣitaṃ samāsena saṃkṣepeṇa me mama vākyataḥ śṛṇu | śrutvāvadhāraya ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.3||
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tat kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yāthātmyaṃ vivakṣitaṃ stauti śrotṛ-buddhi-prarocanārtham -
ṛṣibhir vasiṣṭhādibhir bahudhā bahu-prakāraṃ gītaṃ kathitam | chandobhiś chandāṃsi ṛg-ādīni taiś chandobhir vividhair nānā-bhāvair nānā-prakāraiḥ pṛthag vivekato gītam | kiṃ ca, brahma-sūtra-padaiś caiva brahmaṇaḥ sūcakāni vākyāni brahma-sūtrāṇi taiḥ padyate gamyate jñāyata iti tāni padāny ucyante tair eva ca kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yāthātmyam gītam ity anuvartate | ātmety evopāsīta ity evam ādibhir brahma-sūtra-padair ātmā jñāyate | hetumadbhir yukti-yuktair viniścitair niḥsaṃśaya-rūpair niścita-pratyayotpādakair ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.4||
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stutyābhimukhībhūtāyārjunāyāha bhagavān -
mahā-bhūtāni mahānti ca tāni sarva-vikāra-vyāpakatvād bhūtāni ca sūkṣmāṇi | sthūlāni tv indriya-gocara-śabdenābhidhāyiṣyante | ahaṃkāro mahā-bhūta-kāraṇam ahaṃ-pratyaya-lakṣaṇaḥ | ahaṃkāra-kāraṇaṃ buddhir adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇā | tat-kāraṇam avyaktam eva ca, na vyaktam avyaktam avyākṛtam īśvara-śaktir mama māyā duratyayā ity uktam | eva-śabdaḥ prakṛty-avadhāraṇārtha etāvaty evāṣṭadhā bhinnā prakṛtiḥ | ca-śabdo bheda-samuccayārthaḥ | indriyāṇi daśa, śrotrādīni pañca buddhy-utpādakatvād buddhīndriyāṇi | vāk-pāṇy-ādīni pañca karma-nirvartakatvāt karmendriyāṇi | tāni daśa | ekaṃ ca | kiṃ tat ? mana ekādaśaṃ saṃkalpādyātmakam | pañca cendriya-gocarāḥ śabdādayo viṣayāḥ | tāny etāni sāṃkhyāś catur-viṃśati-tattvāny ācakṣate ||BhGS_13.5||
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athedānīṃ ātma-guṇāḥ iti yān ācakṣate vaiśeṣikās te 'pi kṣetra-dharmā eva, na tu kṣetrajñasyety āha bhagavān -
icchā yaj-jātīyaṃ sukha-hetum artham upalabdhavān pūrvam, punas taj-jātīyam upalabhamānas tam ādātum icchati sukha-hetur iti | seyaṃ icchāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmo jñeyatvāt kṣetram | tathā dveṣaḥ, yaj-jātīyam arthaṃ duḥkha-hetutvenānubhūtavān, punas taj-jātīyam artham upalabhamānas taṃ dveṣṭi | so 'yaṃ dveṣo jñeyatvāt kṣetram eva | tathā sukham anukūlaṃ prasanna-sattvātmakaṃ jñeyatvāt kṣetram eva | duḥkhaṃ pratikūlātmakam | jñeyatvāt tad api kṣetram | saṃghāto dehendriyāṇāṃ saṃhatiḥ | tasyām abhivyaktāntaḥkaraṇa-vṛttiḥ, tapta iva loha-piṇḍe 'gniḥ | ātma-caitanyābhāsa-rasa-viddhā cetanā | sā ca kṣetraṃ jñeyatvāt | dhṛtir yayāvasāda-prāptāni dehendriyāṇi dhriyante | sā ca jñeyatvāt kṣetram | sarvāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmopalakṣaṇārtham icchādi-grahaṇam | yata uktam upasaṃharati - etad iti | etat kṣetraṃ samāsena sa-vikāraṃ saha vikāreṇa mahad-ādinā udāhṛtam uktam ||BhGS_13.6||
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yasya kṣetra-bheda-jātasya saṃhatiḥ idaṃ śarīraṃ kṣetram [Gītā 13.2] ity uktam | tat kṣetraṃ vyākhyātaṃ mahā-bhūtādi-bheda-bhinnaṃ dhṛty-antam | kṣetrajño vakṣyamāṇa-viśeṣaṇaḥ - yasya sa-prabhāvasya kṣetrajñasya parijñānād amṛtatvaṃ bhavati, tam jñeyaṃ yat tat pravakṣyāmīty ādinā sa-viśeṣaṇaṃ svayam eva vakṣyati bhagavān | adhunā tu taj-jñāna-sādhana-gaṇam amānitvādi-lakṣaṇam, yasmin sati taj-jñeya-vijñāne yogyo 'dhikṛto bhavati, yat-paraḥ saṃnyāsī jñāna-niṣṭha ucyate, tam amānitvādi-gaṇaṃ jñāna-sādhanatvāj jñāna-śabda-vācyaṃ vidadhāti bhagavān -
amānitvaṃ mānino bhāvaḥ mānitvam ātmano ślāghanam, tad-abhāvo 'mānitvam | adambhitvaṃ sva-dharma-prakaṭīkaraṇaṃ dambhitvam, tad-abhāvo 'dambhitvam | ahiṃsā hiṃsanaṃ prāṇinām apīḍānam | kṣāntiḥ parāparādha-prāptāv avikriyā | ārjavam ṛju-bhāvo 'vakratvam | ācāryopāsanaṃ mokṣa-sādhanopadeṣṭur ācāryasya śuśrūṣādi-prayogeṇa sevanam | śaucaṃ kāya-malānāṃ mṛj-jalābhyāṃ prakṣālanam | antaś ca manasaḥ pratipakṣa-bhāvanayā rāgādi-malānām apanayanaṃ śaucam | sthairyaṃ sthira-bhāvaḥ, mokṣa-mārga eva kṛtādhyavasāyatvam | ātma-vinigraha ātmano 'pakārakasya ātma-śabda-vācyasya kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātasya vinigrahaḥ svabhāvena sarvataḥ pravṛttasya san-mārga eva nirodha ātma-vinigrahaḥ ||BhGS_13.7||
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indriyārtheṣu śabdādiṣu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭeṣu bhogeṣu virāga-bhāvo vairāgyam | anahaṃkāro 'haṃkārābhāva eva ca | janma-mṛtyu-jarā-vyādhi-duḥkha-doṣānudarśanaṃ janma ca mṛtyuś ca jarā ca vyādhayaś ca duḥkhāni ca teṣu janmādi-duḥkhānteṣu pratyekaṃ doṣānudarśanam | janmani garbha-vāsa-yoni-dvāra-niḥsaraṇaṃ doṣaḥ, tasyānudarśanam ālocanam | tathā mṛtyau doṣānudarśanam | tathā jarāyāṃ prajñā-śakti-tejo-nirodha-doṣānudarśanaṃ paribhūtatā ceti | tathā vyādhiṣu śiro-rogādiṣu doṣānudarśanam | tathā duḥkheṣu adhyātmādhibhūtādhidaiva-nimitteṣu | athavā duḥkhāny eva doṣo duḥkha-doṣas tasya janmādiṣu pūrvavad anudarśanam | duḥkhaṃ janma, duḥkhaṃ mṛtyuḥ, duḥkhaṃ jarā, duḥkhaṃ vyādhayaḥ | duḥkha-nimittatvāj janmādayo duḥkham, na punaḥ svarūpeṇaiva duḥkham iti | evaṃ janmādiṣu duḥkha-doṣānudarśanād dehendriyādi-viṣaya-bhogeṣu vairāgyam upajāyate | tataḥ pratyag-ātmani pravṛttiḥ karaṇānām ātma-darśanāya | evaṃ jñāna-hetutvāj jñānam ucyate janmādi-duḥkha-doṣānudarśanam ||BhGS_13.8||
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asaktiḥ saktiḥ saṅga-nimitteṣu viṣayeṣu prīti-mātram, tad-abhāvo 'saktiḥ | anabhiṣvaṅgo 'bhiṣvaṅgābhāvaḥ | abhiṣvaṅgo nāma āsakti-viśeṣa evānanyātma-bhāvanā-lakṣaṇaḥ | yathānyasmin sukhini duḥkhini vāham eva sukhī, duḥkhī ca, jīvati mṛte vāham eva jīvāmi mariṣyāmi ceti | kva ? ity āha - putra-dāra-gṛhādiṣu | putreṣu dāreṣu gṛheṣv ādi-grahaṇād anyeṣv apy atyanteṣṭeṣu dāsa-vargādiṣu | tac cobhayaṃ jñānārthatvāj jñānam ucyate | nityaṃ ca sama-cittatvaṃ tulya-cittatā | kva ? iṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣv iṣṭānām aniṣṭānāṃ copapattayaḥ saṃprāptayas tāsv iṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣu nityam eva tulya-cittatā | iṣṭopapattiṣu na hṛṣyati, na kupyati cāniṣṭopapattiṣu | tac caitan nityaṃ sama-cittatvaṃ jñānam ||BhGS_13.9||
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mayi ceśvare 'nanya-yogena apṛthak-samādhinā nānyo bhagavato vāsudevāt paro 'sti, ataḥ sa eva no gatir ity evaṃ niścitāvyabhicāriṇī buddhir ananya-yogaḥ, tena bhajanaṃ bhaktir na vyabhicaraṇa-śīlā avyabhicāriṇī | sā ca jñānam | vivikta-deśa-sevitvam | viviktaḥ svabhāvataḥ saṃskāreṇa vāśucy-ādibhiḥ sarpa-vyāghrādibhiś ca rahito 'raṇya-nadī-pulina-deva-gṛhādibhir vivikto deśaḥ, taṃ sevituṃ śīlam asyeti vivikta-deśa-sevī, tad-bhāvo vivikta-deśa-sevitvam | vivikteṣu hi deśeṣu cittaṃ prasīdati yatas tataḥ ātmādi-bhāvanā vivikta upajāyate | ato vivakta-deśa-sevitvaṃ jñānam ucyate | aratir aramaṇaṃ jana-saṃsadi | janānāṃ prākṛtānāṃ saṃskāra-śūnyānām avinītānāṃ saṃsat samavāyo jana-saṃsat | na saṃskāravatāṃ vinītānāṃ saṃsat | tasyā jñānopakārakatvāt | ataḥ
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adhyātma-jñāna-nityatvam ātmādi-viṣayaṃ jñānam adhyātma-jñānam, tasmin nitya-bhāvo nityatvam | amānitvādīnāṃ jñāna-sādhanānāṃ bhāvanā-paripāka-nimittaṃ tattva-jñānam, tasyārtho mokṣaḥ saṃsāroparamaḥ | tasyālocanaṃ tattva-jñānārtha-darśanam | tattva-jñāna-phalālocane hi tat-sādhanānuṣṭhāne pravṛttiḥ syād iti | etad amānitvādi-tattva-jñānārtha-darśanāntam uktaṃ jñānam iti proktaṃ jñānārthatvāt | ajñānaṃ yad ato 'smād yathoktād anyathā viparyayeṇa | mānitvaṃ dambhitvaṃ hiṃsā kṣāntir anārjavam ity ādy ajñānaṃ vijñeyaṃ pariharaṇāya, saṃsāra-pravṛtti-kāraṇatvād iti ||BhGS_13.11||
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yathoktena jñānena jñātavyaṃ kim ? ity ākāṅkṣāyām āha -
nanu yamāḥ niyamāś cāmānitvādayaḥ | na tair jñeyaṃ jñāyate | na hy amānitvādi kasyacit vastunaḥ paricchedakaṃ dṛṣṭam | sarvatraiva ca yad-viṣayaṃ jñānaṃ tad eva tasya jñeyasya paricchedakaṃ dṛśyate | na hy anya-viṣayeṇa jñānenānyad upalabhyate, yathā ghaṭa-viṣayeṇa jñānenāgniḥ | naiṣa doṣaḥ | jñāna-nimittatvāj jñānam ucyata iti hy avocāma | jñāna-sahakāri-kāraṇatvāc ca | jñeyaṃ jñātavyaṃ yat tat pravakṣyāmi prakarṣeṇa yathāvat vakṣyāmi | kiṃ-phalaṃ tat ? iti prarocanena śrotur abhimukhīkaraṇāyāha - yaj jñeyaṃ jñātvāmṛtam amṛtatvam aśnute, na punar mriyata ity arthaḥ | anādimat ādir asyāstīti ādimat, nādimad anādimat | kiṃ tat ? paraṃ niratiśayaṃ brahma, jñeyam iti prakṛtam |
atra kecit anādi mat-param iti padaṃ chindanti, bahu-vrīhiṇokte 'rthe matupa ānarthakyam aniṣṭaṃ syād iti | artha-viśeṣaṃ ca darśayanti - ahaṃ vāsudevākhyā parā śaktir yasya tan mat-param iti | satyam evam apunar-uktaṃ syāt | arthaś cet saṃbhavati | na tv arthaḥ saṃbhavati, brahmaṇaḥ sarva-viśeṣa-pratiṣedhenaiva vijijñāpayiṣitvān na sat tan nāsad ucyate iti | viśiṣṭa-śaktimattva-pradarśanaṃ viśeṣa-pratiṣedhaś ceti vipratiṣiddham | tasmāt matupo bahu-vrīhiṇā samānārthatve 'pi prayogo śloka-pūraṇārthaḥ | amṛtatva-phalaṃ jñeyaṃ mayocyata iti prarocanenābhimukhīkṛtyāha - na sat taj jñeyam ucyate iti nāpy asat tad ucyate ||
nanu mahatā parikara-bandhena kaṇṭha-raveṇodghuṣya jñeyaṃ pravakṣyāmīti, ananurūpam uktaṃ na sat tan nāsad ucyata iti | na, anurūpam evoktam | katham ? sarvāsu hy upaniṣatsu jñeyaṃ brahma neti neti [BAU 2.3.6] asthūlam anaṇu [BAU 3.8.8] ity ādi-viśeṣa-pratiṣedhenaiva nirdiśyate, nedaṃ tad iti vāco 'gocatvāt ||
nanu na tad asti, yad vastv asti-śabdena nocyate | athāsti-śabdena nocyate, nāsti taj jñeyam | vipratiṣiddhaṃ ca - jñeyaṃ tad asti-śabdena nocyate iti ca | na tāvan nāsti, nāsti-buddhy-aviṣayatvāt ||
nanu sarvā buddhayo 'sti-nāsti-buddhy-anugatā eva | tatraivaṃ sati jñeyam apy asti-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayaṃ vā syāt, nāsti-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayaṃ vā syāt | na, atīndriyatvenobhaya-buddhy-anugata-pratyayāviṣayatvāt | yad dhīndriya-gamyaṃ vastu ghaṭādikam, tad asti-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayaṃ vā syāt, nāsti-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayaṃ vā syāt | idaṃ tu jñeyam atīndriyatvena śabdaika-pramāṇa-gamyatvān na ghaṭādivad ubhaya-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayam ity ato na sat tan nāsad ity ucyate ||
yat tūktam - viruddham ucyate, jñeyaṃ tan na sat tan nāsad ucyata iti | na viruddham, anyad eva tad-viditād atho aviditād adhi [KenaU 1.3] iti śruteḥ | śrutir api viruddhārthā iti cet - yathā yajñāya śālām ārabhya yajñam ko hi tad veda yady amuṣmin loke 'sti vā na veti [TaittS 6.1.1] ity evam iti cet, na | viditāviditābhyām anyatva-śruter avaśya-vijñeyārtha-pratipādana-paratvāt yady amuṣmin ity ādi tu vidhi-śeṣo 'rtha-vādaḥ | upapatteś ca sad-asad-ādi-śabdair brahma nocyata iti |
sarvo hi śabdo 'rtha-prakāśanāya prayuktaḥ śrūyamāṇaś ca śrotṛbhir jāti-kriyā-guṇa-saṃbandha-dvāreṇa saṃketa-grahaṇa-sa-vyapekṣārthaṃ pratyāyayati | nānyathā, adṛṣṭatvāt | tad yathā - gaur aśva iti vā jātitaḥ, pacati paṭhatīti vā kriyātaḥ, śuklaḥ kṛṣṇa iti vā guṇataḥ, dhanī gomān iti vā saṃbandhataḥ | na tu brahma jātimat, ato na sad-ādi-śabda-vācyam | nāpi guṇavat, yena guṇa-śabdenocyeta, nirguṇatvāt | nāpi kriyā-śabda-vācyaṃ niṣkriyatvān niṣkalaṃ niṣkriyaṃ śāntam [ŚvetU 6.19] iti śruteḥ | na ca saṃbandhī, ekatvāt | advayatvād aviṣayatvād ātmatvāc ca na kenacit, śabdenocyata iti yuktam | yato vāco nivartante [TaittU 2.9] ity ādi-śrutibhiś ca ||BhGS_13.12||
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sac-chabda-pratyayāviṣayatvād asattvāśaṅkāyāṃ jñeyasya sarva-prāṇi-karaṇopādhi-dvāreṇa tad-astitvaṃ pratipādayan tad-āśaṅkā-nivṛtty-artham āha -
sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ sarvataḥ pāṇayaḥ pādāś cāsyeti sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ taj jñeyam | sarva-prāṇi-karaṇopādhibhiḥ kṣetrajñasyāstitvaṃ vibhāvyate | kṣetrajñaś ca kṣetropādhita ucyate | kṣetraṃ ca pāṇi-pādādibhir anekadhā bhinnam | kṣetropādhi-bheda-kṛtaṃ viśeṣa-jātaṃ mithyaiva kṣetrajñasya, iti tad-apanayanena jñeyatvam uktam na sat tan nāsad ucyate iti | upādhi-kṛtaṃ mithyā-rūpam apy astitvādhigamāya jñeya-dharmavat parikalpya ucyate sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādam ity ādi | tathā hi saṃpradāya-vidāṃ vacanam - adhyāropāpavādābhyāṃ niṣprapañcaṃ prapañcyate iti | sarvatra sarva-dehāvayavatvena gamyamānāḥ pāṇi-pādādayo jñeya-śakti-sad-bhāva-nimitta-svakāryā iti jñeya-sad-bhāve liṅgāni jñeyasyeti upacārata ucyante | tathā vyākhyeyam anyat | sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ taj jñeyam | sarvato 'kṣi-śiro-mukhaṃ sarvato 'kṣīṇi śirāṃsi mukhāni ca yasya tat sarvato 'kṣi-śiro-mukham | sarvataḥ śrutimat | śrutiḥ śravaṇendriyam, tat yasya tat śrutimat | loke prāṇi-nikāye | sarvam āvṛtya saṃvyāpya tiṣṭhati sthitiṃ labhate ||BhGS_13.13||
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upādhibhūta-pāṇi-pādādīndriyādhyāropaṇāj jñeyasya tadvattāśaṅkā mā bhūd ity evam arthaḥ ślokārambhaḥ -
sarvendriya-guṇābhāsaṃ sarvāṇi ca tānīndriyāṇi śrotrādīni buddhīndriya-karmendriyākhyāni, antaḥ-karaṇe ca buddhi-manasī, jñeyopādhitvasya tulyatvāt, sarvendriya-grahaṇena gṛhyante | api ca, antaḥ-karaṇopādhi-dvāreṇaiva śrotrādīnām api upādhitvam ity ato 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-bahiṣkaraṇopādhi-bhūtaiḥ sarvendriya-guṇair adhyavasāya-saṃkalpa-śravaṇa-vacanādibhir avabhāsate iti sarvendriya-guṇābhāsaṃ sarvendriya-vyāpārair vyāpṛtam iva taj jñeyam ity arthaḥ | dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva [BAU 4.3.7] iti śruteḥ |
kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇān na vyāpṛtam eveti gṛhyata ity ataḥ āha - sarvendriya-vivarjitam, sarva-karaṇa-rahitam ity arthaḥ | ato na karaṇa-vyāpāraiḥ vyāpṛtaṃ taj jñeyam | yas tv ayaṃ mantraḥ - apāṇi-pādo javano grahītā paśyaty acakṣuḥ sa sṛṇoty akarṇaḥ [ŚvetU 3.19] ity ādiḥ | sa sarvendriyopādhi-guṇānuguṇya-bhajana-śaktimat taj jñeyam ity evaṃ pradarśanārthaḥ, na tu sākṣād eva javanādi-kriyāvattva-pradarśanārthaḥ | andho maṇim avindad [TaittĀ 1.11] ity ādi-mantrārthavat tasya mantrasyārthaḥ | yasmāt sarva-karaṇa-varjitaṃ jñeyam, tasmād asaktaṃ sarva-saṃśleṣavarjitam | yadyapy evam, tathāpi sarva-bhṛc caiva | sad-āspadaṃ hi sarvaṃ sarvatra sad-buddhy-anugamāt | na hi mṛgatṛṣṇikādayo 'pi nirāspadā bhavanti | ataḥ sarva-bhṛt sarvaṃ bibhartīti | syād idaṃ cānyaj jñeyasya sattvādhigama-dvāram -
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bahis tvak-paryantaṃ deham ātmatvenāvidyā-kalpitam apekṣya tam evāvavadhiṃ kṛtvā bahir ucyate | tathā pratyag-ātmānam apekṣya deham evāvadhiṃ kṛtvā antar ucyate | bahir antaś cety ukte madhye 'bhāve prāpte, idam ucyate - acaraṃ caram eva ca, yac carācaraṃ dehābhāsam api tad eva jñeyaṃ, yathā rajju-sarpābhāsaḥ |
yady acaraṃ caram eva ca syāt vyavahāra-viṣayaṃ sarvaṃ jñeyam, kim-artham idam iti sarvair na vijñeyam ? ity ucyate - satyaṃ sarvābhāsaṃ tat | tathāpi vyomavat sūkṣmam | ataḥ sūkṣmatvāt svena rūpeṇa taj jñeyam apy avijñeyam aviduṣām | viduṣāṃ tu, ātmaivedaṃ sarvam [BAU 7.25.2] brahmaivedaṃ sarvam [BAU 2.5.1] ity ādi-pramāṇato nityaṃ vijñātam | avijñātatayā dūra-sthaṃ varṣa-sahasra-koṭyāpy aviduṣām aprāpyatvāt | antike ca tat, ātmatvād viduṣām ||BhGS_13.15||
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avibhaktaṃ ca pratidehaṃ vyomavat tad ekam | bhūteṣu sarva-prāṇiṣu vibhaktam iva ca sthitaṃ deheṣv eva vibhāvyamānatvāt | bhūta-bhartṛ ca bhūtāni bibharti taj jñeyaṃ bhūta-bhartṛ ca sthiti-kāle | pralaya-kāle grasiṣṇu grasana-śīlam | utpatti-kāle prabhaviṣṇu ca prabhavana-śīlaṃ yathā rajjvādiḥ sarpāder mithyā-kalpitasya ||BhGS_13.16||
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kiṃ ca, sarvatra vidyamānam api san nopalabhyate cet, jñeyaṃ tamas tarhi ? na | kiṃ tarhi ? -
jyotiṣām ādity-ādīnām api taj jñeyaṃ jyotiḥ | ātma-caitanya-jyotiṣeddhāni hy ādity-ādīni jyotīṃṣi dīpyante, yena sūryas tapati tejaseddhaḥ [TaittBr 3.12.9], tasya bhāsā sarvam idaṃ vibhāti [ŚvetU 6.14] īty ādi-śrutibhyaḥ | smṛte ca ihaiva - yad āditya-gataṃ tejaḥ [Gītā 15.12] ity ādeḥ | tamaso 'jñānāt param aspṛṣṭam ucyate | jñānāder duḥsaṃpādana-buddhyā prāptāvasādasyottambhanārtham āha - jñānam amānitvādi | jñeyam jñeyaṃ yat tat pravakṣyāmīty [Gītā 13.13] ādinoktam | jñāna-gamyam jñeyam eva jñātaṃ saj jñāna-phalam iti jñāna-gamyam ucyate | jñāyamānaṃ tu jñeyam | tad etat trayam api hṛdi buddhau sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya viṣṭhitaṃ viśeṣeṇa sthitam | tatraiva hi trayaṃ vibhāvyate ||BhGS_13.17||
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yathoktārthopasaṃhārārtho 'yaṃ śloka ārabhyate -
ity evaṃ kṣetraṃ mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antaṃ, tathā jñānam amānitvādi tattva-jñānārtha-darśana-paryantaṃ, jñeyaṃ ca jñeyaṃ yat tat ity ādi tamasaḥ param ucyate ity evam antam uktaṃ samāsataḥ saṃkṣepataḥ | etāvān sarvo hi vedārtho gītārthaś copasaṃhṛtyoktaḥ | asmin samyag-darśane ko 'dhikriyate ? ity ucyate - mad-bhakto mayīśvare sarvajñe parama-gurau vāsudeve samarpita-sarvātma-bhāvo yat paśyati śṛṇoti spṛśati vā sarvam eva bhagavān vāsudevaḥ ity evaṃ-grahāviṣṭa-buddhir mad-bhaktaḥ sa etad yathoktaṃ samyag darśanaṃ vijñāya, mad-bhāvāya mama bhāvo mad-bhāvaḥ paramātma-bhāvas tasmai mad-bhāvāya upapadyate, mokṣaṃ gacchati ||BhGS_13.18||
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tatra saptame īśvarasya dve prakṛtī upanyaste parāpare kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇe | etad-yonīni bhūtāni [Gītā 7.7] iti coktam | kṣetra-kṣetrajña-prakṛti-dvaya-yonitvaṃ kathaṃ bhūtānām ity ayam artho 'dhunocyate -
prakṛtiṃ puruṣaṃ caiva īśvarasya prakṛtī | tau prakṛti-puruṣau ubhāv apy anādi viddhi, na vidyate ādir yayos tau anādī | nityeśvaratvād īśvarasya tat-prakṛtyor api yuktaṃ nityatvena bhavitum | prakṛti-dvayavattvam eva hīśvarasyeśvaratvam | yābhyāṃ prakṛtibhyām īśvaro jagad-utpatti-sthiti-pralaya-hetus te dve 'nādī satyau saṃsārasya kāraṇam ||
nādī anādī iti tat-puruṣa-samāsaṃ kecit varṇayanti | tena hi kileśvarasya kāraṇatvaṃ sidhyati | yadi punaḥ prakṛti-puruṣāv eva nityau syātāṃ tat-kṛtam eva jagat, neśvarasya jagataḥ kartṛtvam | tad asat | prāk prakṛti-puruṣayor utpatter īśitavyābhāvād īśvarasyānīśvaratva-prasaṅgāt, saṃsārasya nirnimittatve 'nirmokṣa-prasaṅgāt śāstrānarthakya-prasaṅgād bandha-mokṣābhāva-prasaṅgāc ca | nityatve punar īśvarasya prakṛtyoḥ sarvam etad upapannaṃ bhavet | katham ? vikārāṃś ca guṇāṃś caiva | vakṣyamāṇān vikārān buddhy-ādi-dehendriyāntān guṇāṃś ca sukha-duḥkha-moha-pratyayākāra-pariṇatān viddhi jānīhi prakṛti-saṃbhavān | prakṛtir īśvarasya vikāra-kāraṇa-śaktis triguṇātmikā māyā | sā saṃbhavo yeṣāṃ vikārāṇāṃ guṇānāṃ ca tān vikārān
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ke punas te vikārāḥ guṇāś ca prakṛti-saṃbhavāḥ ? ity āha --
kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtve - kāryaṃ śarīraṃ karaṇāni tat-sthāni trayodaśa | dehasyārambhakāṇi bhūtāni pañca viṣayāś ca prakṛti-saṃbhavāḥ vikārāḥ pūrvoktā iha kārya-grahaṇena gṛhyante | guṇāś ca prakṛti-saṃbhavāḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakāḥ karaṇāśrayatvāt karaṇa-grahaṇena gṛhyante | teṣāṃ kārya-karaṇānāṃ kartṛtvam utpādakatvaṃ yat tat kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtvaṃ tasmin kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtve hetuḥ kāraṇam ārambhakatvena prakṛtir ucyate | evaṃ kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtvena saṃsārasya kāraṇaṃ prakṛtiḥ |
kārya-kāraṇa-kartṛtve ity asminn api pāṭhe, kāryaṃ yat yasya pariṇāmas tat tasya kāryaṃ vikāro vikāri kāraṇaṃ tayor vikāra-vikāriṇoḥ kārya-kāraṇayoḥ kartṛtve iti | athavā, ṣoḍāśa vikārāḥ kāryaṃ sapta prakṛti-vikṛtayaḥ kāraṇam tāny eva kārya-kāraṇāny ucyante teṣāṃ kartṛtve hetuḥ prakṛtir ucyate, ārambhakatvenaiva |
puruṣaś ca saṃsārasya kāraṇaṃ yathā syāt tad ucyate - puruṣo jīvaḥ kṣetrajño bhoktā iti paryāyaḥ, sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhogyānāṃ bhoktṛtve upalabdhṛtve hetur ucyate | kathaṃ punar anena kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtvena sukha-duḥkha-bhoktṛtvena ca prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ saṃsāra-kāraṇatvam ucyate ? ity atrocyate - kārya-karaṇa-sukha-duḥkha-rūpeṇa hetu-phalātmanā prakṛteḥ pariṇāmābhāve, puruṣasya ca cetanasyāsati tad-upalabdhṛtve, kutaḥ saṃsāraḥ syāt ? yadā punaḥ kārya-karaṇa-sukha-duḥkha-svarūpeṇa hetu-phalātmanā pariṇatayā prakṛtyā bhogyayā puruṣasya tad-viparītasya bhoktṛtvenāvidyā-rūpaḥ saṃyogaḥ syāt, tadā saṃsāraḥ syād iti | ato yat prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtvena sukha-duḥkha-bhoktṛtvena ca saṃsāra-kāraṇatvam uktam, tad yuktam | kaḥ punar ayaṃ saṃsāro nāma ? sukha-duḥkha-saṃbhogaḥ saṃsāraḥ | puruṣasya ca sukha-duḥkhānāṃ saṃbhoktṛtvaṃ saṃsāritvam iti ||BhGS_13.20||
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yat puruṣasya sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtvaṃ saṃsāritvam ity uktaṃ tasya tat kiṃ-nimittam ity ucyate -
puruṣo bhoktā prakṛti-sthaḥ | prakṛtāv avidyā-lakṣaṇāyāṃ kārya-karaṇa-rūpeṇa pariṇatāyāṃ sthitaḥ prakṛti-sthaḥ | prakṛtim ātmatvena gataḥ ity etat | hi yasmāt | tasmād bhuṅkte upalabhata ity arthaḥ | prakṛtijān prakṛtito jātān sukha-duḥkha-mohākārābhivyaktān guṇān sukhī, duḥkhī, mūḍhaḥ, paṇḍito 'ham ity evam | satyām apy avidyāyāṃ sukha-duḥkha-moheṣu guṇeṣu bhujyamāneṣu yaḥ saṅga ātma-bhāvaḥ saṃsārasya sa pradhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ yasya puruṣasya janmanaḥ | sa yathā-kāmo bhavati tat kratur bhavati [BAU 4.4.5] ity ādi śruteḥ | tad etad āha - kāraṇaṃ hetur guṇa-saṅgo guṇeṣu saṅgo 'sya puruṣasya bhoktuḥ sad-asad-yoni-janmasu | satyaś cāsatyaś ca yonayaḥ sad-asad-yonayas tāsu sad-asad-yonuṣu janmāni sad-asad-yoni-janmāni, teṣu sad-asad-yoni-janmaṣu viṣaya-bhūteṣu kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgaḥ | athavā, sad-asad-yoni-janmasu asya saṃsārasya kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅga iti saṃsāra-pada-madhyāhāryam | sad-yonayo devādi-yonayaḥ | asad-yonayaḥ paśvādi-yonayaḥ | sāmarthyāt sad-asad-yonayaḥ manuṣya-yonayo 'py aviruddhāḥ draṣṭāvyāḥ ||
etad uktaṃ bhavati - prakṛti-sthatvākhyāvidyā guṇeṣu ca saṅgaḥ kāmaḥ saṃsārasya kāraṇam iti | tac ca parivarjanāya ucyate | asya ca nivṛtti-kāraṇaṃ jñāna-vairāgye sa-saṃnyāse gītā-śāstre prasiddham | tac ca jñānaṃ purastād upanyastaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-viṣayam yaj jñātvāmṛtam aśnute [Gītā 12.13] iti | uktaṃ cānyāpohenātad-dharmādhyāropeṇa ca ||BhGS_13.21||
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tasyaiva punaḥ sākṣān nirdeśaḥ kriyate -
upadraṣṭā samīpa-sthaḥ san draṣṭā svayam avyāpṛtaḥ | yathā ṛtvig-yajamāneṣu yajña-karma-vyāpṛteṣu taṭastho 'nyo 'vyāpṛto yajña-vidyā-kuśalaḥ ṛtvig-yajamāna-vyāpāra-guṇa-doṣāṇām īkṣitā, tadvac ca kārya-karaṇa-vyāpāreṣu sa-vyāpārāṇāṃ sāmīpyena draṣṭā upadraṣṭā | athavā, deha-cakṣur-mano-buddhy-ātmāno draṣṭāraḥ | teṣāṃ bāhyo draṣṭā dehaḥ | tata ārabhyāntaratamaś ca pratyak samīpe ātmā draṣṭā, yataḥ paro 'ntaratamo nāsti draṣṭā | so 'tiśaya-sāmīpyena draṣṭṛtvād upadraṣṭā syāt | yajñopadraṣṭṛavad vā sarva-viṣayī-karaṇād upadraṣṭā | anumantā ca | anumodanam anumananaṃ kurvatsu tat-kriyāsu paritoṣas tat-kartānumantā ca | athavā, anumantā kārya-karaṇa-pravṛttiṣu svayam apravṛtto 'pi pravṛtta iva tad-anukūlo vibhāvyate, tenānumantā | athavā, pravṛttān sva-vyāpāreṣu tat-sākṣi-bhūtaḥ kadācid api na nivārayatīty anumantā |
bhartā| bharaṇaṃ nāma dehendriya-mano-buddhīnāṃ saṃhatānāṃ caitanyātma-pārārthyena nimitta-bhūtena caitanyābhāsānāṃ yat svarūpa-dhāraṇam, tac caitanyātma-kṛtam eveti bhartā ātmety ucyate | bhoktā | agny-uṣṇavan nitya-caitanya-svarūpeṇa buddheḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakāḥ pratyayāḥ sarva-viṣaya-viṣayāś caitanyātma-grastā iva jāyamānā vibhaktā vibhāvyante iti bhoktā ātmocyate | maheśvaraḥ | sarvātmatvāt svatantratvāc ca mahān īśvaraś ceti maheśvaraḥ | paramātmā | dehādīnāṃ buddhy-antānāṃ pratyag-ātmatvena kalpitānām avidyayā parama upadraṣṭṛtvādi-lakṣaṇa ātmeti paramātmā | so 'ntaḥ paramātmā ity anena śabdena cāpy uktaḥ kathitaḥ śrutau | kvāsau ? asmin dehe puruṣaḥ paro 'vyaktāt | uttamaḥ puruṣas tv anyaḥ paramātmety udāhṛtaḥ [Gītā 13.3] iti yo vakṣyamāṇaḥ kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi [Gītā 13.2] iti upanyasto vyākhyāyopasaṃhṛtaś ca ||BhGS_13.22||
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tam etaṃ yathokta-lakṣaṇam ātmānam -
ya evaṃ yathokta-prakāreṇa vetti puruṣaṃ sākṣād ātma-bhāvena "ayam aham asmi" iti prakṛtiṃ ca yathoktām avidyā-lakṣaṇāṃ guṇaiḥ sva-vikāraiḥ saha nivartitām abhāvam āpāditāṃ vidyayā, sarvathā sarva-prakāreṇa vartamāno 'pi sa bhūyaḥ punaḥ patite 'smin vidvac-charīre dehāntarāya nābhijāyate notpadyate, dehāntaraṃ na gṛhṇātīty arthaḥ | api-śabdāt kim u vaktavyaṃ ? sva-vṛtta-stho na jāyate ity abhiprāyaḥ ||
nanu, yady api jñānotpatty-anantaraṃ punar-janmābhāva uktaḥ, tathāpi prāg jñānotpatteḥ kṛtānāṃ karmaṇām uttara-kāla-bhāvināṃ ca yāni cātikrāntāneka-janma-kṛtāni teṣāṃ ca phalam adattvā nāśo na yukta iti | syus trīṇi janmāni kṛta-vipraṇāśo hi na yukta iti, yathā phale pravṛttānām ārabdha-janmanāṃ karmaṇām | na ca karmaṇāṃ viśeṣo 'vagamyate | tasmāt tri-prakārāṇy api karmāṇi trīṇi janmāny ārabheran | saṃhatāni vā sarvāṇy ekaṃ janmārabheran | anyathā kṛta-vināśe sati sarvatrānāśvāsa-prasaṅgaḥ, śāstrānarthakyaṃ ca syāt | ity ataḥ idam ayuktam uktam na sa bhūyo 'bhijāyate iti | na | kṣīyante cāsya karmāṇi [MuṇḍU 2.2.8], brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati [MuṇḍU 3.2.9], tasya tāvad eva ciram [ChāU 6.14.2], iṣīkā-tūlavat sarvāṇi karmāṇi pradūyante [ChāU 5.24.3] ity ādi-śruti-śatebhya ukto viduṣaḥ sarva-karma-dāhaḥ |
ihāpi cokto yathaidhāṃsi [Gītā 4.37] ity ādinā sarva-karma-dāhaḥ | vakṣyati copapatteś ca | avidyā-kāma-kleśa-bīja-nimittāni hi karmāṇi janmāntarāṅkuram ārabhante | ihāpi ca sāhaṃkārābhisaṃdhīni karmāṇi phalārambhakāṇi, netarāṇīti tatra tatra bhagavatoktam |
bījāny agny-upadagdhāni na rohanti yathā punaḥ | jñāna-dagdhais tathā kleśair nātmā saṃpadyate punaḥ [Mbh 3.200.10] iti ca | astu tāvaj jñānotpatty-uttara-kāla-kṛtānāṃ karmaṇāṃ jñānena dāhaḥ, jñāna-saha-bhāvitvāt | na tv iha janmani jñānotpatteḥ prāk kṛtānāṃ karmaṇām atīta-janma-kṛtānāṃ ca dāho yuktaḥ | na | sarva-karmāṇīti viśeṣaṇāt | jñānottara-kāla-bhāvinām eva sarva-karmaṇām iti cet, na | saṃkoce kāraṇānupapatteḥ | yat tūktam yathā vartamāna-janmārambhakāṇi karmāṇi na kṣīyante phala-dānāya pravṛttāny eva saty api jñāne, tathānārabdha-phalānām api karmaṇāṃ kṣayo na yukta iti, tad asat | katham ? teṣāṃ mukteṣuvat pravṛtta-phalatvāt | yathā pūrvaṃ lakṣya-vedhāya mukta iṣuḥ dhanuṣo lakṣya-vedhottara-kālam api ārabdha-vega-kṣayāt patanenaiva nivartate, evaṃ śarīrārambhakaṃ karma śarīra-sthiti-prayojane nivṛtte 'pi, ā saṃskāra-vega-kṣayāt pūrvavat vartata eva | yathā sa eva iṣuḥ pravṛtti-nimittānārabdha-vegas tv amukto dhanuṣi prayukto 'pi upasaṃhriyate, tathānārabdha-phalāni karmāṇi svāśraya-sthāny eva jñānena nirbījī-kriyanta iti | patite 'smin vidvac-charīre na sa bhūyo 'bhijāyate iti yuktam evoktam iti siddham ||BhGS_13.23||
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atrātma-darśane upāya-vikalpā ime dhyānādaya ucyante -
dhyānena | dhyānaṃ nāma śabdādibhyo viṣayebhyaḥ śrotrādīni karaṇāni manasy upasaṃhṛtya, manaś ca pratyak-cetanayitari, ekāgratayā yac cintanaṃ tad dhyānam | tathā, dhyāyatīva bakaḥ, dhyāyatīva pṛthivī, dhyāyantīva parvatāḥ [ChāU 7.6.1] iti upamopādānāt | taila-dhārāvat saṃtato 'vicchinna-pratyayo dhyānam | tena dhyānena ātmani buddhau paśyanty ātmānaṃ pratyak-cetanam ātmanā svenaiva pratyak-cetanena dhyāna-saṃskṛtenāntaḥ-karaṇena kecid yoginaḥ | anye sāṃkhyena yogena | sāṃkhyaṃ nāma ime sattva-rajas-tamāṃsi guṇā mayā dṛśyā ahaṃ tebhyo 'nyas tad-vyāpāra-sākṣi-bhūto nityo guṇa-vilakṣaṇa ātmeti cintanam eṣa sāṃkhyo yogaḥ | tena paśyanti ātmānam ātmanety anuvartate | karma-yogena | karmaiva yogaḥ | īśvarārpaṇa-buddhyānuṣṭhīyamānaṃ ghaṭana-rūpaṃ yogārthatvād yoga ucyate guṇataḥ | tena sattva-śuddhi-jñānotpatti-dvāreṇa cāpare ||BhGS_13.24||
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anye tv eṣu vikalpeṣu anyatamenāpy evaṃ yathoktam ātmānam ajānanto 'nyebhyaḥ ācāryebhyaḥ śrutvā "idam eva cintayata" ity uktā upāsate śraddadhānāḥ santaś cintayanti | te 'pi cātitaranty eva atikrāmanty eva mṛtyum mṛtyu-yuktaṃ saṃsāram ity etat | śruti-parāyaṇāḥ śrutiḥ śravaṇaṃ param ayanaṃ gamanaṃ mokṣa-mārga-pravṛttau paraṃ sādhanaṃ yeṣāṃ te śruti-parāyaṇāḥ | kevala-paropadeśa-pramāṇāḥ svayaṃ viveka-rahitā ity abhiprāyaḥ | kim u vaktavyam pramāṇaṃ prati svatantrā vivekino mṛtyum atitarantīty abhiprāyaḥ ||BhGS_13.25||
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kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi [Gītā 13.3] iti kṣetrajñeśvarakatva-viṣayaṃ jñānaṃ mokṣa-sādhanaṃ, yaj jñātvāmṛtam aśnute [Gītā 13.13] ity uktam | tat kasmāt hetoḥ ? iti tad-dhetu-pradarśanārthaṃ śloka ārabhyate -
yāvat yat kiṃcit saṃjāyate samutpadyate sattvaṃ vastu | kim aviśeṣeṇa ? nety āha - sthāvara-jaṅgamaṃ sthāvaraṃ jaṅgamaṃ ca kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogāt taj jāyate ity evaṃ viddhi jānīhi bharatarṣabha |
kaḥ punar ayaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ saṃyogo 'bhipretaḥ ? na tāvat rajjveva ghaṭasyāvayava-saṃśleṣa-dvārakaḥ saṃbandha-viśeṣaḥ saṃyogaḥ kṣetreṇa kṣetrajñasya saṃbhavati, ākāśavat niravayavatvāt | nāpi samavāya-lakṣaṇas tantu-paṭayor iva kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor itaretara-kārya-kāraṇa-bhāvānabhyupagamāt | ity ucyate - kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor viṣaya-viṣayiṇor bhinna-svabhāvayor itaretara-tad-dharmādhyāsa-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃyogaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-svarūpa-vivekā-bhāva-nibandhanaḥ, rajju-śuktikādīnāṃ tad-viveka-jñānābhāvād adhyāropita-sarpa-rajatādi-saṃyogavat | so 'yam adhyāsa-svarūpaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogo mithyā-jñāna-lakṣaṇaḥ | yathā-śāstraṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇa-bheda-parijñāna-pūrvakaṃ prāk darśita-rūpāt kṣetrān muñjād iveṣīkāṃ yathokta-lakṣaṇaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ pravibhajya na sat tan nāsad ucyate [Gītā 13.13] ity anena nirasta-sarvopādhi-viśeṣaṃ jñeyaṃ brahma-svarūpeṇa yaḥ paśyati, kṣetraṃ ca māyā-nirmita-hasti-svapna-dṛṣṭa-vastuvad gandharva-nagarādivad asad eva sad ivāvabhāsate | ity evaṃ niścita-vijñāno yaḥ, tasya yathokta-samyag-darśana-virodhād apagacchati mithyā-jñānam | tasya janma-hetor apagamād ya evaṃ vetti puruṣaṃ prakṛtiṃ ca guṇaiḥ saha [Gītā 13.25] ity anena vidvān bhūyo nābhijāyate iti yad uktam, tad upapannam uktam ||BhGS_13.26||
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na sa bhūyo 'bhijāyate [Gītā 13.24] iti samyag darśana-phalam avidyādi-saṃsāra-bīja-nivṛtti-dvāreṇa janmābhāva uktaḥ | janma-kāraṇaṃ cāvidyā-nimittakaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyoga uktaḥ | atas tasyāḥ avidyāyā nivartakaṃ samyag-darśanam uktam api punaḥ śabdāntareṇocyate -
samaṃ nirviśeṣaṃ tiṣṭhantaṃ sthitiṃ kurvantam | kva ? sarveṣu samasteṣu bhūteṣu brahmādi-sthāvarānteṣu prāṇiṣu | kam ? parameśvaraṃ dehendriya-mano-buddhy-avyaktātmano 'pekṣya parameśvaraḥ, taṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu samaṃ tiṣṭhantam | tāni viśinaṣṭi vinaśyatsv iti | taṃ ca parameśvaram avinaśyantam iti, bhūtānāṃ parameśvarasya cātyanta-vailakṣaṇya-pradarśanārtham | katham ? sarveṣāṃ hi bhāva-vikārāṇāṃ jani-lakṣaṇo bhāva-vikāro mūlam | janmottara-kāla-bhāvino 'nye sarve bhāva-vikārā vināśāntāḥ | vināśāt paro na kaścid asti bhāva-vikāraḥ, bhāvābhāvāt | sati hi dharmiṇi dharmā bhavanti | ato 'ntya-bhāva-vikārābhāvānuvādena pūrva-bhāvinaḥ sarve bhāva-vikārāḥ pratiṣiddhā bhavanti saha kāryaiḥ | tasmāt sarva-bhūtaiḥ vailakṣaṇyam atyantam eva parameśvarasya siddham, nirviśeṣatvam ekatvaṃ ca | ya evaṃ yathoktaṃ parameśvaraṃ paśyati, sa paśyati |
nanu sarvo 'pi lokaḥ paśyati, kiṃ viśeṣaṇeneti | satyaṃ paśyati | kiṃ tu viparītaṃ paśyati | ato viśinaṣṭi - sa eva paśyatīti | yathā timira-dṛṣṭir anekaṃ candraṃ paśyati, tam apekṣya eka-candra-darśī viśiṣyate - sa eva paśyatīti | tathaivehāpy ekam avibhaktaṃ yathoktaṃ ātmānaṃ yaḥ paśyati, sa vibhaktān ekātma-viparīta-darśibhyo viśiṣyate - sa eva paśyatīti | itare paśyanto 'pi na paśyanti | viparīta-darśitvāt aneka-candra-darśivad ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.27||
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yathoktasya samyag-darśanasya phala-vacanena stutiḥ kartavyā iti śloka ārabhyate -
samaṃ paśyann upalabhamāno hi yasmāt sarvatra sarva-bhūteṣu samavasthitaṃ tulyatayāvasthitam īśvaram atītānantara-ślokokta-lakṣaṇam ity arthaḥ | samaṃ paśyan kim ? na hinasti hiṃsāṃ na karoti ātmanā svenaiva svam ātmānam | tat-tad-ahiṃsanād yāti parāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatiṃ mokṣākhyām ||
nanu naiva kaścit prāṇī svayaṃ svam ātmānaṃ hinasti | katham ucyate 'prāptam na hinastīti ? yathā na pṛthivyām nāntarikṣe na divy agniś cetavyaḥ [TaittS 5.2.7.1] ity ādi | naiṣa doṣaḥ, ajñānām ātma-tiraskaraṇopapatteḥ | sarvo hy ajño 'tyanta-prasiddhaṃ sākṣād aparokṣād ātmānaṃ tiraskṛtyānātmānam ātmatvena parigṛhya, tam api dharmādharmau kṛtvopāttam ātmānaṃ hatvānyam ātmānam upādatte navaṃ, taṃ caivaṃ hatvānyam | evaṃ tam api hatvānyam ity evam upāttam upāttam ātmānaṃ hantīty ātmahā sarvo 'jñaḥ | yas tu paramārthātmāsāv api sarvadāvidyayā hata iva vidyamāna-phalābhāvād iti sarve ātma-hana evāvidvāṃsaḥ | yas tv itaro yathoktātma-darśī, sa ubhayathāpi ātmanātmānaṃ na hinasti na hanti | tato yāti parāṃ gatim yathoktaṃ phalaṃ tasya bhavatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.28||
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sarva-bhūta-stham īśvaraṃ samaṃ paśyan na hinasty ātmanātmānam [Gītā 13.28] ity uktam | tad anupapannaṃ sva-guṇa-karma-vailakṣaṇya-bheda-bhinneṣv ātmasu, ity etad āśaṅkyāha -
prakṛtyā prakṛtir bhagavato māyā triguṇātmikā | māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyād [ŚvetU 4.10] iti mantra-varṇāt | tayā prakṛtyaiva ca nānyena mahad-ādi-kārya-kāraṇākāra-pariṇatayā karmāṇi vāṅ-manaḥ-kāyārabhyāṇi kriyamāṇāni nirvartyamānāni sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakārair yaḥ paśyaty upalabhate, tathātmānaṃ kṣetrajñam akartāraṃ sarvopādhi-vivarjitaṃ sa paśyati, sa paramārtha-darśīty abhiprāyaḥ | nirguṇasyākartur nirviśeṣasyākāśasyeva bhede pramāṇānupapattir ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.29||
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punar api tad eva samyag darśanaṃ śabdāntareṇa prapañcayati -
yadā yasmin kāle bhūta-pṛthag-bhāvaṃ bhūtānāṃ pṛthag-bhāvaṃ pṛthaktvam ekasminn ātmani sthitaṃ eka-stham anupaśyati śāstrācāryopadeśam anu ātmānaṃ pratyakṣatvena paśyaty ātmaivedaṃ sarvam [ChāU 7.25.2] iti | tata eva ca tasmād eva ca vistāraṃ utpattiṃ vikāsam ātmataḥ prāṇa ātmata āśā ātmataḥ smara ātmata ākāśa ātmatas teja ātmata āpa ātmata āvirbhāva-tirobhāvāv ātmato 'nnam [ChāU 7.26.1] ity evam ādi-prakārair vistāraṃ yadā paśyati brahma saṃpadyate bhavati tadā tasmin kāla ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_13.30||
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ekasyātmānaḥ sarva-dehātmatve tad-doṣa-saṃbandhe prāpte, idam ucyate -
anāditvāt | anāder bhāvo 'nāditvam, ādiḥ kāraṇam, tad yasya nāsti tad anādi | yad dhy ādimat tat svenātmanā vyeti | ayaṃ tv anāditvān niravayava iti kṛtvā na vyeti | tathā nirguṇatvāt | saguṇo hi guṇa-vyayāt vyeti | ayaṃ tu nirguṇatvāc ca na vyeti | iti paramātmāyam avyayaḥ | nāsya vyayo vidyata ity avyayaḥ | yata evam ataḥ śarīra-stho 'pi, śarīreṣu ātmana upalabdhir bhavatīti śarīra-stha ucyate | tathāpi na karoti | tad-akaraṇād eva tat-phalena na lipyate | yo hi kartā, sa karma-phalena lipyate | ayaṃ tv akartā, ato na phalena lipyate ity arthaḥ |
kaḥ punar deheṣu karoti lipyate ca ? yadi tāvat anyaḥ paramātmano dehī karoti lipyate ca, tataḥ idam anupapannam uktaṃ kṣetrajñeśvaraikatvam kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi [Gītā 13.2] ity ādi | atha nāsti īśvarād anyo dehī | kaḥ karoti lipyate ca ? iti vācyam | paro vā nāstīti sarvathā durvijñeyaṃ durvācyaṃ ceti bhagavat-proktam aupaniṣadaṃ darśanaṃ parityaktaṃ vaiśeṣikaiḥ sāṃkhyārhata-bauddhaiś ca | tatrāyaṃ parihāro bhagavatā svenaiva uktaḥ svabhāvas tu pravartate [Gītā 5.14] iti | avidyā-mātra-svabhāvo hi karoti lipyate iti vyavahāro bhavati, na tu paramārthata ekasmin paramātmani tad asti | ata evaitasmin paramārtha-sāṃkhya-darśane sthitānāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhānāṃ paramahaṃsa-parivrājakānāṃ tiraskṛtāvidyā-vyavahārāṇāṃ karmādhikāro nāstīti tatra tatra darśitaṃ bhagavatā ||BhGS_13.31||
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kim iva na karoti na lipyate ity atra dṛṣṭāntam āha -
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kiṃ ca -
yathā prakāśayaty avabhāsayati ekaḥ kṛtsnaṃ lokam imaṃ raviḥ savitā ādityaḥ, tathā tadvat mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antaṃ kṣetram ekaḥ san prakāśayati | kaḥ ? kṣetrī paramātmā ity arthaḥ | ravi-dṛṣṭanto 'tra ātmana ubhayārtho 'pi bhavati | ravivat sarva-kṣetreṣv eka evātmā, alepakaś ceti ||BhGS_13.34||
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samastādhyāyārthopasaṃhārārtho 'yaṃ ślokaḥ -
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BhG 14
atha guṇa-traya-vibhāga-yogo nāma caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ (śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavat-pāda-viracitam śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣyam) sarvam utpadyamānaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogād utpadyata ity uktam | tat kathamiti, tat-pradarśanārtham paraṃ bhūya ity ādir adhyāya ārabhyate | athavā, īśvara-paratantrayoḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ jagat-kāraṇatvaṃ na tu sāṃkhyānām iva svatantrayor ity evam artham | prakṛti-sthatvaṃ guṇeṣu ca saṅgaḥ saṃsāra-kāraṇam ity uktam | kasmin guṇe kathaṃ saṅgaḥ ? ke vā guṇāḥ ? kathaṃ vā te badhnantīti ? guṇebhyaś ca mokṣaṇaṃ kathaṃ syāt ? muktasya ca lakṣaṇaṃ vaktavyam, ity evam arthaṃ ca bhagavān uvāca -
paraṃ jñānam iti vyavahitena saṃbandhaḥ | bhūyaḥ punaḥ pūrveṣu sarveṣv adhyāyeṣu asakṛd uktam api pravakṣyāmi | tac ca paraṃ para-vastu-viṣayatvāt | kiṃ tat ? jñānaṃ sarveṣāṃ jñānānām uttamam, uttama-phalatvāt | jñānānām iti nāmānitvādīnām | kiṃ tarhi ? yajñādi-jñeya-vastu-viṣayāṇām iti | tāni na mokṣāya, idaṃ tu mokṣāyeti parottama-śabdābhyāṃ stauti śrotṛ-buddhi-rucy-utpādanārtham | yaj jñātvā yaj jñānaṃ jñātvā prāpya munayaḥ saṃnyāsino manana-śīlāḥ sarve parāṃ siddhiṃ mokṣākhyām ito 'smāt deha-bandhanāt ūrdhvaṃ gatāḥ prāptāḥ ||BhGS_14.1||
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asyāś ca siddhair aikāntikatvaṃ darśayati -
idaṃ jñānaṃ yathoktam upāśritya, jñāna-sādhanam anuṣṭhāya ity etat, mama parameśvarasya sādharmyaṃ mat-svarūpatām āgatāḥ prāptā ity arthaḥ | na tu samāna-dharmatā sādharmyam, kṣetrajñeśvarayor bhedānabhyupagamād gītā-śāstre | phala-vādaś cāyaṃ stuty-artham ucyate | sarge 'pi sṛṣṭi-kāle 'pi nopajāyante | notpadyante | pralaye brahmaṇo 'pi vināśa-kāle na vyathanti ca vyathāṃ nāpadyante, na cyavantīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_14.2||
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kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyoga īdṛśo bhūta-kāraṇam ity āha -
mama sva-bhūtā madīyā māyā triguṇātmikā prakṛtir yoniḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ kāraṇam | sarva-kāryebhyo mahattvāt kāraṇatvād bṛṃhaṇāc ca [bharaṇāc ca] sva-vikārāṇāṃ mahad brahma iti yonir eva viśiṣyate | tasmin mahati brahmaṇi yonau garbhaṃ hiraṇyagarbhasya janmano bījaṃ sarva-bhūta-janma-kāraṇaṃ bījaṃ dadhāmi nikṣipāmi kṣetra-kṣetrajña-prakṛti-dvaya-śaktimān īśvaro 'ham, avidyā-kāma-karmopādhi-svarūpānuvidhāyinaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ kṣetreṇa saṃyojayāmīty arthaḥ | saṃbhava utpattiḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ hiraṇyagarbhotpatti-dvāreṇa tatas tasmād gabrhādhānād bhavati | he bhārata ||BhGS_14.3||
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ke guṇāḥ ? kathaṃ badhnanti ? ity ucyate -
sattvaṃ rajas tama ity evaṃ-nāmāno guṇā iti pāribhāṣikaḥ śabdaḥ | na rūpādivad dravyāśritā guṇāḥ | na ca guṇa-guṇinor anyatvam atra vivakṣitam | tasmād guṇā iva nitya-para-tantrāḥ kṣetrajñaṃ praty avidyātmakatvāt kṣetrajñaṃ nibadhnantīva tam āspadīkṛtyātmānaṃ pratilabhanta iti nibadhnantīty ucyate | te ca prakṛti-saṃbhavā bhagavan-māyā-saṃbhavā nibadhnantīva | he mahābāho | mahāntau samarthatarāv ājānu-pralambau bāhū yasya saḥ mahābāhuḥ he mahābāho | dehe śarīre dehinaṃ dehavantam avyayam, avyayatvaṃ coktam anāditvād [Gītā 13.32] ity ādi ślokena | nanu dehī na lipyate [Gītā 13.32] ity uktam | tat katham iha nibadhnantīty anyathocyate ? parihṛtam asmābhir iva-śabdena nibadhnantīveti ||BhGS_14.5||
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tatra sattvādīnāṃ sattvasyaiva tāval lakṣaṇam ucyate -
nirmalatvāt sphaṭika-maṇir iva prakāśakam anāmayaṃ nirupadravaṃ sattvaṃ tan nibadhnāti | katham ? sukha-saṅgena sukhy aham iti viṣaya-bhūtasya sukhasya viṣayiṇy ātmani saṃśleṣāpādanaṃ mṛṣaiva sukhe sañjanam iti | saiṣāvidyā | na hi viṣaya-dharmo viṣayiṇo bhavati | icchādi ca dhṛty-antaṃ kṣetrasyaiva viṣayasya dharmaḥ ity uktaṃ bhagavatā | ato 'vidyayaiva svakīya-dharma-bhūtayā viṣaya-viṣayy-aviveka-lakṣaṇayāsvātma-bhūte sukhe saṃjayatīva, āsaktam iva karoti, asaṅgaṃ saktam iva karoti, asukhinaṃ sukhinam iva | tathā jñāna-saṅgena ca, jñānam iti sukha-sāhacaryāt kṣetrasyaiva viṣayasyāntaḥ-karaṇasya dharmaḥ, nātmanaḥ | ātma-dharmatve saṅgānupapatteḥ, bandhānupapatteś ca | sukha iva jñānādau saṅgo mantavyaḥ | he anagha avyasana ||BhGS_14.6||
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rajaḥ rāgātmakaṃ rajanād rāgo gairikād iva drāg ātmakaṃ viddhi jānīhi | tṛṣṇāsaṅga-samudbhavaṃ tṛṣṇā aprāptābhilāṣaḥ | āsaṅgaḥ prāpte viṣaye manasaḥ prīti-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃśleṣaḥ | tṛṣṇāsaṅgayoḥ samudbhavaṃ tṛṣṇāsaṅga-samudbhavam | tan nibadhnāti tad rajo nibadhnāti kaunteya karma-saṅgena, dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtheṣu karmasu sañjanaṃ tat-paratā karma-saṅgas tena nibadhnāti rajo dehinam ||BhGS_14.7||
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tamas tṛtīyo guṇo 'jñāna-jam ajñānāj jātam ajñāna-jaṃ viddhi | mohanaṃ moha-karam aviveka-karaṃ sarva-dehināṃ sarveṣāṃ dehavatām | pramādālasya-nidrābhiḥ pramādaś cālasyaṃ ca nidrā ca pramādālasya-nidrās tābhiḥ pramādālasya-nidrābhis tat tamo nibadhnāti bhārata ||BhGS_14.8||
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punar guṇānāṃ vyāpāraḥ saṃkṣepata ucyate -
sattvaṃ sukhe saṃjayati saṃśleṣayati, rajaḥ karmaṇi he bhārata saṃjayatīty anuvartate | jñānaṃ sattva-kṛtaṃ vivekam āvṛtya ācchādya tu tamaḥ svena āvaraṇātmanā pramāde saṃjayaty uta | pramādo nāma prāpta-kartavyākaraṇam ||BhGS_14.9||
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uktaṃ kāryaṃ kadā kurvanti guṇāḥ ? ity ucyate -
rajas tamaś ca ubhāv apy abhibhūya sattvaṃ bhavati udbhavati vardhate yadā, tadā labdhātmakaṃ sattvaṃ sva-kāryaṃ jñāna-sukhādy ārabhate | he bhārata ! tathā rajo-guṇaḥ sattvaṃ tamaś caiva ubhāv apy abhibhūya vardhate yadā, tadā karma tṛṣṇādi sva-kāryam ārabhate | tama-ākhyo guṇaḥ sattvaṃ rajaś ca ubhāv apy abhibhūya tathaiva vardhate yadā, tadā jñānāvaraṇādi sva-kāryam ārabhate ||BhGS_14.10||
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yadā yo guṇa udbhūto bhavati, tadā tasya kiṃ liṅgam ? ity ucyate -
sarva-dvāreṣu, ātmana upalabdhi-dvārāṇi śrotrādīni sarvāṇi karaṇāni, teṣu sarva-dvāreṣu antaḥ-karaṇasya buddher vṛttiḥ prakāśo dehe 'smin upajāyate | tad eva jñānam | yadaivaṃ prakāśo jñānākhya upajāyate, tadā jñāna-prakāśena liṅgena vidyād vivṛddham udbhūtaṃ sattvam ity utāpi ||BhGS_14.11||
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rajasa udbhūtasyedaṃ cihnam -
lobhaḥ para-dravyāditsā | pravṛttiḥ pravartanam | sāmānya-ceṣṭā ārambhaḥ | kasya ? karmaṇām | aśamo 'nupaśamaḥ harṣa-rāgādi-pravṛttiḥ | spṛhā sarva-sāmānya-vastu-viṣayā tṛṣṇā | rajasi guṇe vivṛddha etāni liṅgāni jāyante | he bharatarṣabha ||BhGS_14.12||
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aprakāśo 'vivekaḥ | atyantam apravṛttiś ca pravṛtty-abhāvas tat-kāryaṃ pramādo moha eva ca | aviveko mūḍhatā ity arthaḥ | tamasi guṇe vivṛddha etāni liṅgāni jāyante he kuru-nandana ! ||BhGS_14.13||
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maraṇa-dvāreṇāpi yat phalaṃ prāpyate, tad api saṅga-rāga-hetukaṃ sarvaṃ gauṇam eveti darśayan āha -
yadā sattve pravṛddha udbhūte tu pralayaṃ maraṇaṃ yāti pratipadyate deha-bhṛd ātmā, tadottama-vidāṃ mahad-ādi-tattva-vidām ity etat | lokān amalān mala-rahitān pratipadyate prāpnotīty etat ||BhGS_14.14||
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rajasi guṇe vivṛddhe pralayaṃ maraṇaṃ gatvā prāpya karma-saṅgiṣu karmāsakti-yukteṣu manuṣyeṣu jāyate | tathā tadvad eva pralīno mṛtas tamasi vivṛddhe mūḍha-yoniṣu paśv-ādi-yoniṣu jāyate ||BhGS_14.15||
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atīta-ślokārthasyaiva saṃkṣepa ucyate -
karmaṇaḥ sukṛtasya sāttvikasya ity arthaḥ, āhuḥ śiṣṭaḥ sāttvikam eva nirmalaṃ phalam iti | rajasas tu phalaṃ duḥkhaṃ rājasasya karmaṇa ity arthaḥ, karmādhikārāt phalam api duḥkham eva, kāraṇānurūpyāt, rājasam eva | tathā ajñānaṃ tamasas tāmasasya karmaṇo 'dharmasya pūrvavat ||BhGS_14.16||
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kiṃ ca, guṇebhyo bhavati -
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kiṃ ca -
ūrdhvaṃ gacchanti devalokādiṣūtpadyante sattva-sthāḥ sattva-guṇa-vṛtta-sthāḥ | madhye tiṣṭhanti manuṣyeṣūtpadyante rājasāḥ | jaghanya-guṇa-vṛtta-sthā jaghanyaś cāsau guṇaś ca jaghanya-guṇas tamaḥ, tasya vṛttaṃ nidrālasyādi, tasmin sthitāḥ jaghanya-guṇa-vṛtta-sthāḥ mūḍhāḥ adho gacchanti paśv-ādiṣūtpadyante tāmasāḥ ||BhGS_14.18||
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puruṣasya prakṛti-sthatva-rūpeṇa mithyā-jñānena yuktasya bhogyeṣu guṇeṣu sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakeṣu sukhī duḥkhī mūḍho 'ham asmīty evaṃ-rūpo yaḥ saṅgas tat-kāraṇaṃ puruṣasya sad-asad-yoni-janma-prāpti-lakṣaṇasya saṃsārasyeti samāsena pūrvādhyāye yad uktam, tad iha sattvaṃ rajas tama iti guṇāḥ prakṛti-saṃbhavā ity ārabhya guṇa-svarūpam, guṇa-vṛttam, sva-vṛttena ca guṇānāṃ bandhakatvam, guṇa-vṛtta-nibaddhasya ca purūṣasya yā gatiḥ, ity etat sarvaṃ mithyā-jñāna-mūlaṃ bandha-kāraṇaṃ vistareṇoktvā, adhunā samyag-darśanān mokṣo vaktavya ity ata āha bhagavān -
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katham adhigacchati ? ity ucyate -
guṇān etān yathoktān atītya jīvann evātikramya māyopādhi-bhūtān trīn dehī deha-samudbhavān dehotpatti-bīja-bhūtān janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair janma ca mṛtyuś ca jarā ca duḥkhāni ca janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhāni tair jīvann eva vimuktaḥ san vidvān amṛtam aśnute | evaṃ mad-bhāvam adhigacchatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_14.20||
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jīvann eva guṇān atītyāmṛtam aśnute iti praśna-bījaṃ pratilabhyārjuna uvāca -
kair liṅgaiś cihnais trīn etān vyākhyātān guṇān atīto 'tikrānto bhavati prabho, kim-ācāraḥ ? ko 'sya ācāra iti kim-ācāraḥ | kathaṃ kena ca prakāreṇa etān trīn guṇān ativartate 'tītya vartate ||BhGS_14.21||
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guṇātītasya lakṣaṇaṃ guṇātītatvopāyaṃ cārjunena pṛṣṭo 'smin śloke praśna-dvayārthaṃ prativacanaṃ bhagavān uvāca | yat tāvat kair liṅgair yukto guṇātīto bhavatīti tat śṛṇu -
prakāśaṃ ca sattvakāryaṃ pravṛttiṃ ca rajaḥkāryaṃ moham eva ca tamaḥkāryam ity etāni na dveṣṭi saṃpravṛttāni samyagviṣayabhāvena udbhūtāni - mama tāmasaḥ pratyayo jātaḥ, tenāhaṃ mūḍhaḥ | tathā rājasī pravṛttir mama utpannā duḥkhātmikā, tenāhaṃ rajasā pravartitaḥ pracalitaḥ svarūpāt | kaṣṭaṃ mama vartate yo 'yaṃ matsvarūpāvasthānāt bhraṃśaḥ | tathā sāttviko guṇaḥ prakāśātmā māṃ vivekitvam āpādayan sukhe ca sajayan badhnātīti tāni dveṣṭy asamyag-darśitvena | tat evaṃ guṇātīto na dveṣṭi saṃpravṛttāni | yathā ca sāttvikādipuruṣaḥ sattvādikāryāṇi ātmānaṃ prati prakāśya nivṛttāni kāṅkṣati, na tathā guṇātīto nivṛttāni kāṅkṣatīty arthaḥ | etat na parapratyakṣaṃ liṅgam | kiṃ tarhi ? svātmapratyakṣatvāt ātmārtham eva etat lakṣaṇam | na hi svātmaviṣayaṃ dveṣamākāṅkṣāṃ vā paraḥ paśyati ||BhGS_14.22||
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atha idānīm guṇātītaḥ kim-ācāraḥ ? iti praśnasya prativacanam āha -
udāsīnavad yathā udāsīno na kasyacit pakṣaṃ bhajate, tathāyaṃ guṇātītatvopāya-mārge 'vasthita āsīna ātmavid guṇair yaḥ saṃnyāsī na vicālyate viveka-darśanāvasthātaḥ | tad etat sphuṭīkaroti - guṇāḥ kārya-karaṇa-viṣayākāra-pariṇatā anyonyasmin vartante iti yo 'vatiṣṭhati | chando-bhaṅga-bhayāt parasmaipada-prayogaḥ | yo 'nutiṣṭhatīti vā pāṭhāntaram | neṅgate na calati, svarūpāvastha eva bhavatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_14.23||
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kiṃ ca -
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kiṃ ca -
mānāpamānayos tulyaḥ samo nirvikāraḥ | tulyo mitrāri-pakṣayoḥ | yadyapy udāsīnā bhavanti kecit svābhiprāyeṇa, tathāpi parābhiprāyeṇa mitrāri-pakṣayor iva bhavantīti tulyo mitrāri-pakṣayor ity āha | sarvārambha-parityāgī | dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthāni karmāṇy ārabhyanta ity ārambhāḥ | sarvān ārambhān parityaktuṃ śīlam asyeti sarvārambha-parityāgī | deha-dhāraṇa-mātra-nimitta-vyatirekeṇa sarva-karma-parityāgīty arthaḥ | guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate ||BhGS_14.25||
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udāsīnavad ity ādi guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate ity etad-antam uktaṃ yāvat yatna-sādhyaṃ tāvat saṃnyāsino 'nuṣṭheyaṃ guṇātītatva-sādhanaṃ mumukṣoḥ | sthirī-bhūtaṃ tu sva-saṃvedyaṃ sad guṇātītasya yater lakṣaṇaṃ bhavatīti | adhunā kathaṃ ca trīnguṇān ativartate ? ity asya praśnasya prativacanam āha -
māṃ ca īśvaraṃ nārāyaṇaṃ sarva-bhūta-hṛdayāśritaṃ yo yatiḥ karmī vā avyabhicāreṇa na kadācid yo vyabhicarati bhakti-yogena bhajanaṃ bhaktiḥ saiva yogas tena bhakti-yogena sevate, sa guṇān samatītya etān yathoktān | brahma-bhūyāya | bhavanaṃ bhūyaḥ, brahma-bhūyāya brahma-bhavanāya mokṣāya kalpate samartho bhavatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_14.26||
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kuta etad ? ity ucyate -
brahmaṇaḥ paramātmano hi yasmāt pratiṣṭhāhaṃ pratitiṣṭhaty asmin iti pratiṣṭhāhaṃ pratyag-ātmā | kīdṛśasya brahmaṇaḥ ? amṛtasya avināśinaḥ | avyayasya avikāriṇaḥ | śāśvatasya ca nityasya dharmasya dharma-jñānasya jñāna-yoga-dharma-prāpyasya sukhasya ānanda-rūpasya aikāntikasya avyabhicāriṇo 'mṛtādi-svabhāvasya paramānanda-rūpasya paramātmanaḥ pratyag-ātmā pratiṣṭhā |
samyag-jñānena paramātmatayā niścīyate | tad etad brahma-bhūyāya kalpata ity uktam | yayā ceśvara-śaktyā bhaktānugrahādi-prayojanāya brahma pratiṣṭhate pravartate, sā śaktir brahmaivāham | śakti-śaktimator ananyatvād ity abhiprāyaḥ | athavā, brahma-śabda-vācyatvāt sa-vikalpakaṃ brahma | tasya brahmaṇo nirvikalpako 'ham eva nānyaḥ pratiṣṭhāśrayaḥ | kiṃ-viśiṣṭasya ? amṛtasyāmaraṇa-dharmakasyāvyayasya vyaya-rahitasya | kiṃ ca, śāśvatasya ca nityasya dharmasya jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇasya sukhasya taj-janitasya aikāntikasya ekānta-niyatasya ca, pratiṣṭhāham iti vartate ||BhGS_14.27||
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iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda- śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||14||
BhG 15
atha puruṣottama-yogo nāma pañcadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavat-pāda-viracitam śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣyam)
yasmān mad-adhīnaṃ karmiṇāṃ karma-phalaṃ jñānināṃ ca jñāna-phalam, ato bhakti-yogena māṃ ye sevante te mama prasādāj jñāna-prāpti-krameṇa guṇātītā mokṣaṃ gacchanti | kim u vaktavyam ātmanas tattvam eva samyak vijānanta ity ato bhagavān arjunenāpṛṣṭo 'py ātmanas tattvaṃ vivakṣur uvāca ūrdhva-mūlam ity ādinā | tatra tāvad vṛkṣa-rūpaka-kalpanayā vairāgya-hetoḥ saṃsāra-svarūpaṃ varṇayati - viraktasya hi saṃsārāt bhagavat-tattva-jñāne 'dhikāraḥ, nānyasyeti | śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
ūrdhva-mūlaṃ kālataḥ sūkṣmatvāt kāraṇatvān nityatvāt mahattvāc cordhvam | ucyate brahmāvyaktaṃ māyā śaktimat, tan mūlam asyeti so 'yaṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣaḥ ūrdhva-mūlaḥ | śruteś ca - ūrdhva-mūlo 'vāk-śākha eṣo 'śvatthaḥ sanātanaḥ [KaṭhU 2.3.1] iti | purāṇe ca -
etac chittvā ca bhittvā ca jñānena paramāsinā |
tam ūrdhva-mūlaṃ saṃsāraṃ māyā-mayaṃ vṛkṣam āhuḥ | adhaḥ-śākhaṃ mahad-ahaṃkāra-tanmātrādayaḥ śākhā ivāsyādho bhavantīti so 'yam adhaḥ-śākhaḥ, tam adhaḥ-śākham | na śvo 'pi sthātety aśvatthas taṃ kṣaṇa-pradhvaṃsinam aśvatthaṃ prāhuḥ kathayanty avyayaṃ saṃsāra-māyāyā anādi-kāla-pravṛttatvāt so 'yaṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣo 'vyayaḥ, anādy-anta-dehādi-saṃtānāśrayo hi suprasiddhaḥ, tam avyayam | tasyaiva saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya idam anyat viśeṣaṇam - chandāṃsi yasya parṇāni, chandāṃsi cchādanād ṛg-yajuḥ-sāma-lakṣaṇāni yasya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya parṇānīva parṇāni | yathā vṛkṣasya parirakṣaṇārthāni parṇāni, tathā vedāḥ saṃsāra-vṛkṣa-parirakṣaṇārthā dharmādharma-tad-dhetu-phala-prakāśanārthatvāt | yathā-vyākhyātaṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣaṃ sa-mūlaṃ yas taṃ veda sa veda-vit, vedārtha-vid ity arthaḥ | na hi sa-mūlāt saṃsāra-vṛkṣād asmāj jñeyo 'nyo 'ṇu-mātro 'py avaśiṣṭo 'stīty ataḥ sarvajñaḥ sarva-vedārtha-vid iti sa-mūla-saṃsāra-vṛkṣa-jñānaṃ stauti ||BhGS_15.1||
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tasyaitasya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasyāparāvayava-kalpanocyate -
adho manuṣyādibhyo yāvat sthāvaram, ata ūrdhvaṃ ca yāvad brahmaṇo viśva-sṛjo dhāma ity etad-antaṃ yathā-karma yathā-śrutaṃ jñāna-karma-phalāni, tasya vṛkṣasya śākhā iva śākhāḥ prasṛtāḥ pragatāḥ | guṇa-pravṛddhāḥ guṇaiḥ sattva-rajas-tamobhiḥ pravṛddhāḥ sthūlīkṛtā upādāna-bhūtaiḥ | viṣaya-pravālā viṣayāḥ śabdādayaḥ pravālā iva dehādi-karma-phalebhyaḥ śākhābhyo 'ṅkurī-bhavantīva, tena viṣaya-pravālāḥ śākhāḥ | saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya parama-mūlaṃ upādāna-kāraṇaṃ pūrvam uktam | athedānīṃ karma-phala-janita-rāga-dveṣādi-vāsanā mūlānīva dharmādharma-pravṛtti-kāraṇāny avāntara-bhāvīni tāny adhaś ca devādy-apekṣayā mūlāny anusantatāny anupraviṣṭani karmānubandhīni karma dharmādharma-lakṣaṇam anubandhaḥ paścād-bhāvi, yeṣām udbhūtim anu udbhavati, tāni karmānubandhīni manuṣya-loke viśeṣataḥ | atra hi manuṣyāṇāṃ karmādhikāraḥ prasiddhaḥ ||BhGS_15.2||
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yas tv ayaṃ varṇitaḥ saṃsāra-vṛkṣaḥ -
na rūpam asyeha yathopavarṇitaṃ tathā naiva upalabhyate, svapna-marīcy-udaka-māyā-gandharva-nagara-samatvāt | dṛṣṭa-naṣṭa-svarūpo hi sa ity ata eva nānto na paryanto niṣṭhā parisamāptir vā vidyate | tathā na cādiḥ | "ita ārabhyāyaṃ pravṛttaḥ" iti na kenacid gamyate | na ca saṃpratiṣṭhā sthitir madhyam asya na kenacid upalabhyate | aśvattham enaṃ yathoktaṃ suvirūḍha-mūlaṃ suṣṭhu virūḍhāni virohaṃ gatāni sudṛḍhāni mūlāni yasya tam enaṃ suvirūḍha-mūlam | asaṅga-śastreṇa asaṅgaḥ putra-vitta-lokaiṣaṇābhyo vyutthānaṃ tenāsaṅga-śastreṇa dṛḍhena paramātmābhimukhya-niścaya-dṛḍhīkṛtena punaḥ punar vivekābhyāsāśma-niśitena cchitvā saṃsāra-vṛkṣaṃ sa-bījam uddhṛtya ||BhGS_15.3||
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tataḥ paścāt yat padaṃ vaiṣṇavaṃ tat parimārgitavyam, parimārgaṇam anveṣaṇaṃ jñātavyam ity arthaḥ | yasmin pade gatāḥ praviṣṭā na nivartanti nāvartante bhūyaḥ punaḥ saṃsārāya | kathaṃ parimārgitavyam ity āha - tam eva ca yaḥ pada-śabdenokta ādyam ādau bhavam ādyaṃ puruṣaṃ prapadye ity evaṃ parimārgitavyaṃ tac-charaṇatayā ity arthaḥ | ko 'sau puruṣaḥ ? ity ucyate - yato yasmāt puruṣāt saṃsāra-māyā-vṛkṣa-pravṛttiḥ prasṛtā niḥsṛtā aindrajālikād iva māyā | purāṇī ciraṃtanī ||BhGS_15.4||
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kathaṃ-bhūtās tat padaṃ gacchantīty ucyate -
nirmāna-mohā mānaś ca mohaś ca māna-mohau, tau nirgatau yebhyas te nirmāna-mohā māna-moha-varjitāḥ | jita-saṅga-doṣāḥ saṅga eva doṣaḥ saṅga-doṣaḥ, jitaḥ saṅga-doṣo yais te jita-saṅga-doṣāḥ | adhyātma-nityāḥ paramātma-svarūpālocana-nityās tat-parāḥ | vinivṛtta-kāmā viśeṣato nirlepena nivṛttāḥ kāmā yeṣāṃ te vinivṛtta-kāmāḥ | yatayaḥ saṃnyāsino dvandvaiḥ priyāpriyādibhir vimuktāḥ sukha-duḥkha-saṃjñaiḥ parityaktā gacchanty amūḍhā moha-varjitāḥ padam avyayaṃ tad yathoktam ||BhGS_15.5||
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tad eva padaṃ punar viśeṣyate -
tat dhāmeti vyavahitena dhāmnā saṃbadhyate | tad dhāma tejo-rūpaṃ padaṃ na bhāsayate sūrya ādityaḥ sarvāvabhāsana-śaktimattve 'pi sati | tathā na śaśāṅkaś candraḥ, na pāvako nāgnir api | yad dhāma vaiṣṇavaṃ padaṃ gatvā prāpya na nivartante, yac ca sūryādir na bhāsayate, tad dhāma padaṃ paramaṃ viṣṇor mama padam ||BhGS_15.6||
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nanu sarvā hi gatir āgaty-antāḥ | saṃyogāḥ viprayogāntāḥ [Mbh 11.2.3] iti hi prasiddham | katham ucyate tat dhāma gatānāṃ nāsti nivṛttiḥ ? iti | sṛṇu tatra kāraṇam -
mamaiva param ātmano nārāyaṇasya, aṃśo bhāgo 'vayava eka-deśa ity anarthāntaraṃ jīva-loke jīvānāṃ loke saṃsāre jīva-bhūtaḥ kartā bhokteti prasiddhaḥ sanātanaś cirantanaḥ | yathā jala-sūryakaḥ sūryāṃśo jala-nimittāpāye sūryam eva gatvā na nivartate ca tenaivātmanā gacchati, evam eva | yathā ghaṭādy-upādhi-paricchinno ghaṭādy-ākāśa ākāśāṃśaḥ san ghaṭādi-nimittāpāye ākāśaṃ prāpya na nivartate | ata upapannam uktam yad gatvā na nivartante iti |
nanu niravayavasya paramātmanaḥ kuto 'vayava eka-deśo 'ṃśaḥ iti ? sāvayavatve ca vināśa-prasaṅgo 'vayava-vibhāgāt | naiṣa doṣaḥ, avidyā-kṛtopādhi-paricchinna eka-deśo 'ṃśa iva kalpito yataḥ | darśitaś cāyam arthaḥ kṣetrādhyāye vistaraśaḥ | sa ca jīvo mad-aṃśatvena kalpitaḥ kathaṃ saṃsaraty utkrāmati ca ? ity ucyate - manaḥ-ṣaṣṭhānīndriyāṇi śrotrādīni prakṛti-sthāni sva-sthāne karṇa-śaṣkuly-ādau prakṛtau sthitāni karṣati ākarṣati ||BhGS_15.7||
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kasmin kāle ? -
yac cāpi yadā cāpi utkrāmatīśvaro dehādi-saṃghāta-svāmī jīvaḥ, tadā karṣati [15.8] iti ślokasya dvitīya-pādo 'rtha-vaśāt prāthamyena saṃbadhyate | yadā ca pūrvasmāt śarīrāt śarīrāntaram avāpnoti tadā gṛhītvaitāni manaḥ-ṣaṣṭhānīndriyāṇi saṃyāti samyak yāti gacchati | kim iva ? ity āha - vāyuḥ pavano gandhān iva āśayāt puṣpādeḥ ||BhGS_15.8||
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kāni punas tāni -
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evaṃ deha-gataṃ dehāt -
utkrāmantaṃ dehaṃ pūrvopāttaṃ parityajantaṃ sthitaṃ vāpi dehe tiṣṭhantaṃ bhuñjānāṃ vā śabdādīṃś copalabhamānaṃ guṇānvitaṃ sukha-duḥkha-mohādyair guṇair anvitam anugataṃ saṃyuktam ity arthaḥ | evaṃ-bhūtam apy enam atyanta-darśana-gocara-prāptaṃ vimūḍhā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-viṣaya-bhoga-balākṛṣṭa-cetas tayānekadhā mūḍhā nānupaśyanti | aho kaṣṭaṃ vartate ity anukrośati ca bhagavān | ye tu punaḥ pramāṇa-janita-jñāna-cakṣuṣas ta enaṃ paśyanti jñāna-cakṣuṣo vivikta-dṛṣṭaya ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_15.10||
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yatantaḥ prayatnaṃ kurvanto yoginaś ca samāhita-cittā enaṃ prakṛtam ātmānaṃ paśyanty ayam aham asmīty upalabhanta ātmani svasyāṃ buddhāv avasthitam | yatanto 'pi śāstrādi-pramāṇair akṛtātmāno 'saṃskṛtātmānas tapasā indriya-jayena ca, duścaritād anuparatāḥ, aśānta-darpāḥ prayatnaṃ kurvanto 'pi nainaṃ paśyanty acetaso 'vivekinaḥ ||BhGS_15.11||
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yat padaṃ sarvasyāvabhāsakamapy agnyādity ādikaṃ jyotiḥ nāvabhāsayate, yat prāptā ca mumukṣavaḥ punaḥ saṃsārābhimukhāḥ na nivartante, yasya ca padasya upādhi-bhedam anuvidhīyamānāḥ jīvāḥ - ghaṭākāśādayaḥ iva ākāśasya - aṃśāḥ, tasya padasya sarvātmatvaṃ sarvavyavahārāspadatvaṃ ca vivakṣuś caturbhiḥ ślokaiḥ vibhūtisaṃkṣepamāha bhagavān -
yat āditya-gatam ādityāśrayam | kiṃ tat ? tejo dīptiḥ prakāśo jagad bhāsayate prakāśayaty akhilaṃ samastam | yac candramasi śaśabhṛti tejo 'vabhāsakaṃ vartate, yac cāgnau hutavahe, tat tejo viddhi vijānīhi māmakaṃ madīyaṃ mama viṣṇos taj jyotiḥ | athavā, āditya-gataṃ tejaś caitanyātmakaṃ jyotir yac candramasi, yac cāgnau vartate tat tejo viddhi māmakaṃ madīyaṃ mama viṣṇos taj jyotiḥ |
nanu sthāvareṣu jaṅgameṣu ca tat samānaṃ caitanyātmakaṃ jyotiḥ | tatra katham idaṃ viśeṣaṇam - yad āditya-gatam ity ādi | naiṣa doṣaḥ, sattvādhikyād vistaratvopapatteḥ | ādity-ādiṣu hi sattvam atyanta-prakāśam atyanta-bhāsvaram | atas tatraivāvistaraṃ jyotir iti tad viśiṣyate, na tu tatraiva tad adhikam iti | yathā hi loke tulye 'pi mukha-saṃsthāne na kāṣṭha-kuḍyādau mukham āvirbhavati, ādarśādau tu svacche svacchatare ca tāratamyenāvirbhavati, tadvat ||BhGS_15.12||
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gāṃ pṛthivīm āviśya praviśya dhārayāmi bhūtāni jagad aham ojasā balena | yad balaṃ kāma-rāga-vivarjitam aiśvaraṃ rūpaṃ jagad-vidhāraṇāya pṛthivyām praviṣṭaṃ yena pṛthivī gurvī nādhaḥ patati na vidīryate ca | tathā ca mantra-varṇaḥ - yena dyaur ugrā pṛthivī ca dṛḍhā [TaittS 4.1.8] iti, sa dādhāra pṛthivīm [Ṛk 8.7.3.1] ity ādiś ca | ato gām āviśya ca bhūtāni carācarāṇi dhārayāmīti yuktam uktam | kiṃ ca, pṛthivyāṃ jātā oṣadhīḥ sarvāḥ vrīhi-yavādyāḥ puṣṇāmi puṣṭi-matīḥ rasa-svādumatī ca karomi somo bhūtvā rasātmakaḥ somaḥ san rasātmakaḥ rasa-svabhāvaḥ | sarva-rasānām ākaraḥ somaḥ | sa hi sarva-rasātmakaḥ sarvāḥ oṣadhīḥ svātma-rasān anupraveśayan puṣṇāti ||BhGS_15.13||
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kiṃ ca -
aham eva vai vaiśvānara udara-stho 'gnir bhūtvā - ayam agnir vaiśvānaro yo 'yam antaḥ puruṣe yenedam annaṃ pacyate yad idam adyate [BAU 5.9.1] ity ādi-śruteḥ | vaiśvānaraḥ san prāṇināṃ prāṇavatāṃ deham āśritaḥ praviṣṭaḥ prāṇāpāna-samāyuktaḥ prāṇāpānābhyāṃ samāyuktaḥ saṃyuktaḥ pacāmi paṅkti karomy annam aśanaṃ caturvidhaṃ catuṣprakāraṃ bhojyaṃ bhakṣyaṃ coṣyaṃ lehyaṃ ca | bhoktā vai vānaro 'gniḥ | agner bhojyam annaṃ somaḥ | tad etad ubhayam agnīṣomau sarvam iti paśyato 'nna-doṣa-lepo na bhavati ||BhGS_15.14||
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kiṃ ca -
sarvasya ca prāṇi-jātasyāham ātmā san hṛdi buddhau saṃniviṣṭaḥ | ato matta ātmanaḥ sarva-prāṇināṃ smṛtir jñānaṃ tad-apohanaṃ cāpagamanaṃ ca | yeṣāṃ yathā puṇya-karmaṇāṃ puṇya-karmānurodhena jñāna-smṛtī bhavataḥ, tathā pāpa-karmaṇāṃ pāpa-karmānurūpeṇa smṛti-jñānayor apohanaṃ cāpāyanam apagamanaṃ ca | vedaiś ca sarvair aham eva paramātmā vedyo veditavyaḥ | vedānta-kṛd vedāntārtha-saṃpradāya-kṛd ity arthaḥ, veda-vid vedārtha-vid eva cāham ||BhGS_15.15||
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bhagavata īśvarasya nārāyaṇākhyasya vibhūti-saṃkṣepa ukto viśiṣṭopādhi-kṛto yad āditya-gataṃ tejaḥ [Gītā 15.12] ity ādinā | athādhunā tasyaiva kṣarākṣaropādhi-pravibhaktatayā nirupādhikasya kevalasya tattva-svarūpa-nirdidhārayiṣayottara-ślokā ārabhyante | tatra sarvam evātītān āgatān antarādhyāyārtha-jātaṃ tridhā rāśīkṛtya āha -
dvāv imau pṛthag-rāśī-kṛtau puruṣāv ity ucyete loke saṃsāre - kṣaraś ca kṣaratīti kṣaro vināśī ity eko rāśiḥ | aparaḥ puruṣo 'kṣaras tad-viparītaḥ, bhagavato māyā-śaktiḥ, kṣarākhyasya puruṣasya utpatti-bījam aneka-saṃsāri-jantu-kāma-karmādi-saṃskārāśraya akṣaraḥ puruṣa ucyate | kau tau puruṣau ? ity āha svayam eva bhagavān - kṣaraḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni, samastaṃ vikāra-jātam ity arthaḥ | kūṭāsthaḥ kūṭāḥ rāśī rāśir iva sthitaḥ | athavā, kūṭā māyā vacanā jihmatā kuṭilatā iti paryāyāḥ | aneka-māyā-vacanādi-prakāreṇa sthitaḥ kūṭāsthaḥ | saṃsāra-bījānantyāt, na kṣaratīty akṣara ucyate ||BhGS_15.16||
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ābhyāṃ kṣarākṣarābhyām anyo vilakṣaṇaḥ kṣarākṣaropādhi-dvaya-doṣeṇāspṛṣṭaḥ nitya-śuddha-buddham ukta-svabhāvaḥ -
uttama utkṛṣṭatamaḥ puruṣas tv anyo 'tyanta-vilakṣaṇa ābhyāṃ paramātmeti paramaś cāsau dehādy-avidyā-kṛtātmabhyaḥ, ātmaś ca sarva-bhūtānāṃ pratyak-cetanaḥ, ity ataḥ paramātmety udāhṛta ukto vedānteṣu | sa eva viśiṣyate yo loka-trayaṃ bhūr-bhuvaḥ-svar-ākhyaṃ svakīyayā caitanya-bala-śaktyā āviśya praviśya bibharti svarūpa-sad-bhāva-mātreṇa bibharti dhārayati | avyayo nāsya vyayo vidyata ity avyayaḥ | kaḥ ? īśvaraḥ sarvajño nārāyaṇākhya īśana-śīlaḥ ||BhGS_15.17||
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yathā-vyākhyātasyeśvarasya puruṣottama ity etat nāma prasiddham | tasya nāma-nirvacana-prasiddhayārthavattvaṃ nāmno darśayan niratiśayo 'ham īśvara ity ātmānaṃ darśayati bhagavān -
yasmāt kṣaram atīto 'haṃ saṃsāra-māyā-vṛkṣam aśvatthākhyam atikrānto 'ham akṣarād api saṃsāra-māyā-rūpa-vṛkṣa-bīja-bhūtād api cottama utkṛṣṭatamaḥ ūrdhvatamo vā | atas tābhyāṃ kṣarākṣarābhyām uttamatvād asmi loke vede ca prathitaḥ prakhyātaḥ | puruṣottama ity evaṃ māṃ bhakta-janā viduḥ | kavayaḥ kāvyādiṣu cedaṃ nāma nibadhnanti | puruṣottama ity anenābhidhānenābhigṛṇanti ||BhGS_15.18||
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athedānīṃ yathā-niruktam ātmānaṃ yo veda, tasyedaṃ phalam ucyate -
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asmin adhyāye bhagavat-tattva-jñānaṃ mokṣa-phalam uktvā, atha idānīṃ tat stauti -
iti etad guhyatamaṃ gopyatamam, atyanta-rahasyaṃ ity etat | kiṃ tat ? śāstram | yady api gītākhyaṃ samastam śāstram ucyate, tathāpy ayam evādhyāya iha śāstram ity ucyate stuty-arthaṃ prakaraṇāt | sarvo hi gītā-śāstrārtho 'smin adhyāye samāsena uktaḥ | na kevalaṃ gītā-śāstrārtha eva, kiṃtu sarvaś ca vedārtha iha parisamāptaḥ | yas taṃ veda sa veda-vit [Gītā 15.1] vedaiś ca sarvair aham eva vedyaḥ [Gītā 15.15] iti coktam | idam uktaṃ kathitaṃ mayā he 'nagha apāpa ! etac chāstraṃ yathā-darśitārthaṃ buddhvā buddhimān syāt bhavet nānyathā | kṛta-kṛtyaś ca bhārata kṛtaṃ kṛtyaṃ kartavyaṃ yena sa kṛta-kṛtyaḥ | viśiṣṭa-janma-prasūtena brāhmaṇena yat kartavyaṃ tat sarvaṃ bhagavat-tattve vidite kṛtaṃ bhaved ity arthaḥ | na cānyathā kartavyaṃ parisamāpyate kasyacid ity abhiprāyaḥ | sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate [Gītā 4.33] iti coktam |
iti ca mānavaṃ vacanam | yataḥ etat paramārthatattvaṃ mattaḥ śrutavān asi, ataḥ kṛtārthas tvaṃ bhārateti ||BhGS_15.20||
BhG 16
atha daivāsura-sampad-vibhāga-yogo nāma ṣoḍaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śrī-śaṅkarācārya-bhagavat-pāda-kṛta-bhāṣyam)
daivī āsurī rākṣasī ceti prāṇiṇāṃ prakṛtayo navame 'dhyāye sūcitāḥ | tāsāṃ vistareṇa pradarśanāya abhayaṃ sattva-saṃśuddhir ity ādir adhyāyaḥ ārabhyate | tatra saṃsāra-mokṣāya daivī prakṛtiḥ, nibandhāyāsurī rākṣasī ceti daivyā ādānāya pradarśanaṃ kriyate | itarayoḥ parivarjanāya ca śrī-bhagavān uvāca -
abhayam abhīrutā | sattva-saṃśuddhiḥ sattvasyāntaḥ-karaṇasya saṃśuddhiḥ | saṃvyavahāreṣu para-vañcanā-māyānṛtādi-parivarjanaṃ śuddha-sattva-bhāvena vyavahāra ity arthaḥ | jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitir jñānaṃ śāstrata ācāryataś ca ātmādi-padārthānām avagamaḥ | avagatānām indriyādy-upasaṃhāreṇaikāgratayā svātma-saṃvedyatāpādanaṃ yogaḥ | tayor jñāna-yogayor vyāvasthitiḥ vyavasthānaṃ tan-niṣṭhatā | eṣā pradhānā daivī sāttvikī socyate | dānaṃ yathā-śakti saṃvibhāgo 'nnādīnām | damaś ca bāhya-karaṇānām upaśamaḥ | antaḥ-karaṇasyopaśamaṃ śāntiṃ vakṣyati | yajñaś ca śrauto 'gnihotrādiḥ | smārtaś ca deva-yajñādiḥ | svādhyāya ṛg-vedādyadhyayanam adṛṣṭārtham | tapo vakṣyamāṇaṃ śārīrādi | ārjavam ṛjutvaṃ sarvadā ||BhGS_16.1||
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kiṃ ca -
ahiṃsāhiṃsanaṃ prāṇināṃ pīḍā-varjanam | satyam apriyānṛta-varjitaṃ yathā-bhūtārtha-vacanam | akrodhaḥ parair ākruṣṭasyābhihatasya vā prāptasya krodhasya upaśamanam | tyāgaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ, pūrvaṃ dānasyoktatvāt | śāntir antaḥkaraṇasyopaśamaḥ | apaiśunam apiśunatā | parasmai para-randhra-prakaṭī-karaṇaṃ paiśunam, tad-abhāvo 'paiśunam | dayā kṛpā bhūteṣu duḥkhiteṣu | aloluptvam indriyāṇāṃ viṣaya-saṃnidhāv avikriyā | mārdavaṃ mṛdutākrauryam | hrīr lajjā | acāpalam asati prayojane vāk-pāṇi-pādādīnām avyāpārayitṛtvam ||BhGS_16.2||
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kiṃ ca -
tejaḥ prāgalbhyaṃ na tvag-gatā dīptiḥ | kṣamā ākruṣṭasya tāḍitasya vāntar-vikriyānutpattiḥ | utpannāyāṃ vikriyāyām praaśamanam akrodha ity avocāma | itthaṃ kṣamāyā akrodhasya ca viśeṣaḥ | dhṛtir dehendriyeṣv avasādaṃ prāpteṣu tasya pratiṣedhako 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ | yenottambhitāni karaṇāni dehaś ca nāvasīdanti | śaucaṃ dvi-vidhaṃ mṛj-jala-kṛtaṃ bāhyam ābhyantaraṃ ca mano-buddhayor nairmalyaṃ māyā-rāgādi-kāluṣyābhāvaḥ | evaṃ dvi-vidhaṃ śaucam | adrohaḥ para-jighāṃsābhāvo 'hiṃsanam | nātimānitā atyarthaṃ māno 'timānaḥ, sa yasya vidyate so 'timānī | tad-bhāvo 'timānitā | tad-abhāvo nātimānitā ātmanaḥ pūjyatātiśaya-bhāvanābhāva ity arthaḥ | bhavanty abhayādīni etad-antāni saṃpadam abhijātasya | kiṃ-viśiṣṭaṃ saṃpadam ? daivīṃ devānāṃ yā saṃpat tām abhilakṣya jātasya deva-vibhūty-arhasya bhāvi-kalyāṇasyety arthaḥ | he bhārata ! ||BhGS_16.3||
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athedānīṃ āsurī saṃpad ucyate -
dambho dharma-dhvajitvam | darpo vidyā-dhana-svajanādi-nimitta utsekaḥ | atimānaḥ pūrvoktaḥ | krodhaś ca | pāruṣyam eva ca paruṣa-vacanam | yathā kāṇam cakṣuṣmān, virūpaṃ rūpavān, hīnābhijanam uttamābhijana ity ādi | ajñānaṃ cāviveka-jñānaṃ kartavyākartavyādi-viṣaya-mithyā-pratyayaḥ | abhijātasya pārtha | kim-abhijātasyety āha - saṃpadam āsurīm asurāṇāṃ saṃpat āsurī tām abhijātasya ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_16.4||
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anayoḥ saṃpadoḥ kāryam ucyate -
daivī saṃpat yā sā vimokṣāya saṃsāra-bandhanāt | nibandhāya niyato bandho nibandhas tad-artham āsurī saṃpat matā abhipretā | tathā rākṣasī ca | tatraivam ukte saty ar junasyāntar-gataṃ bhāvam kim aham āsura-saṃpad-yuktaḥ ? kiṃ vā daiva-saṃpad-yuktaḥ ? ity evam ālocanā-rūpam ālakṣya āha bhagavān - mā śucaḥ śokaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | saṃpadaṃ daivīm abhijāto 'sy abhilakṣya jāto 'si | bhāvi-kalyāṇas tvam asīty arthaḥ | he pāṇḍāva ||BhGS_16.5||
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dvau dvi-saṃkhyākau bhūta-sargau bhūtānāṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ sargau sṛṣṭī bhūta-sargau sṛjyeteti sargau bhūtāny eva sṛjyamānāni daivāsura-saṃpad-dvaya-yuktānīti dvau bhūta-sargāv ity ucyate | dvayā ha vai prājāpatyā devāś cāsurā ca [BAU 1.3.1] iti śruteḥ | loke 'smin, saṃsāra ity arthaḥ | sarveṣāṃ dvaividhyopapatteḥ | kau tau bhūta-sargau ? ity ucyate - prakṛtāv eva daiva āsura eva ca | uktayor eva punar anuvāde prayojanam āha - daivo bhūta-sargo 'bhayaṃ sattva-saṃśuddhir ity ādinā vistaraśo vistara-prakāraiḥ proktaḥ kathitaḥ, na tu āsuro vistaraśaḥ | atas tat-parivarjanārtham āsuraṃ pārtha me mama vacanād ucyamānaṃ vistaraśaḥ sṛṇu avadhāraya ||BhGS_16.6||
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ā adhyāya-parisamāpter āsurī saṃpat prāṇi-viśeṣaṇatvena pradarśyate, pratyakṣī-karaṇena ca śakyate tasyāḥ parivarjanaṃ kartum iti -
pravṛttiṃ ca pravartanaṃ yasmin puruṣārtha-sādhane kartavye pravṛttis tām, nivṛttiṃ ca etad-viparītāṃ yasmāt anartha-hetoḥ nivartitavyaṃ sā nivṛttis tāṃ ca, janā āsurā na vidur na jānanti | na kevalaṃ pravṛtti-nivṛttī eva te na viduḥ, na śaucaṃ nāpi cācāro na satyaṃ teṣu vidyate | aśaucā anācārā māyāvino 'nṛta-vādino hy āsurāḥ ||BhGS_16.7||
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asatyaṃ yathā vayam anṛta-prāyās tathedaṃ jagat sarvam asatyam | apratiṣṭhaṃ ca nāsya dharmādharmau pratiṣṭhāto 'pratiṣṭhaṃ ceti | te āsurāḥ janāḥ jagad āhur anīśvaram na ca dharmādharma-sa-vyapekṣako 'sya śāsiteśvaro vidyata ity ato 'nīśvaraṃ jagad āhuḥ | kiṃ ca, aparaspara-saṃbhūtaṃ kāma-prayuktayoḥ strī-puruṣayor anyonya-saṃyogāj jagat sarvaṃ saṃbhūtam | kim anyat kāma-haitukam | kāma-hetukam eva kāma-haitukam | kim anyaj jagataḥ kāraṇam ? na kiṃcit adṛṣṭaṃ dharmādharmādi kāraṇāntaraṃ vidyate | jagataḥ kāma eva prāṇināṃ kāraṇam iti lokāyatika-dṛṣṭir iyam ||BhGS_16.8||
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etāṃ dṛṣṭim avaṣṭabhya āśritya naṣṭatmāno naṣṭa-svabhāvā vibhraṣṭa-para-loka-sādhanā alpa-buddhayo viṣaya-viṣayālpaiva buddhir yeṣāṃ te 'lpa-buddhayaḥ prabhavanti udbhavanti ugra-karmāṇaḥ krūra-karmāṇo hiṃsātmakāḥ | kṣayāya jagataḥ prabhavantīti saṃbandhaḥ || jagato 'hitāḥ śatravaḥ ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_16.9||
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te ca -
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cintām aparimeyāṃ ca, na parimātuṃ śakyate yasyāś cintāyā iyattā sāparimeyā, tām aparimeyām, pralayāntāṃ maraṇāntām upāśritāḥ, sadā cintā-parā ity arthaḥ | kāmopabhoga-paramāḥ, kāmyante iti kāmā viṣayāḥ śabdādayas tad-upabhoga-paramā ayam eva paramaḥ puruṣārtho yaḥ kāmopabhoga ity evaṃ niścitātmānaḥ | etāvat iti niścitāḥ ||BhGS_16.11||
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āśā-pāśa-śatair āśaiva pāśās tac-chatair baddhāḥ niyantritāḥ santaḥ sarvata ākṛṣyamāṇāḥ, kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ kāma-krodhau param ayanam āśrayo yeṣāṃ te kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ | īhante ceṣṭante kāma-bhogārthaṃ kāma-bhoga-prayojanāya na dharmārtham | anyāyena para-svāpaharaṇādinety arthaḥ | kim ? artha-saṃcayān artha-pracayān ||BhGS_16.12||
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īdṛśaś ca teṣām abhiprāyaḥ -
idaṃ dravyam adya idānīṃ mayā labdham | idaṃ cānyat prāpsye manorathaṃ manas-tuṣṭi-karam | idaṃ cāstīdam api me bhaviṣyati āgāmini saṃvatsare punar dhanaṃ tenāhaṃ dhanī vikhyāto bhaviṣyāmīti ||BhGS_16.13||
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asau devadattanāmā mayā hato durjayaḥ śatruḥ | haniṣye cāparān anyān varākān api | kim ete kariṣyanti tapasvinaḥ | sarvathāpi nāsti mattulyaḥ | katham ? īśvaro 'ham, ahaṃ bhogī | sarva-prakāreṇaś ca siddho 'haṃ saṃpannaḥ putraiḥ naptṛbhiḥ, na kevalaṃ mānuṣaḥ, balavān sukhī cāham eva | anye tu bhūmibhārāyāvitīrṇāḥ ||BhGS_16.14||
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āḍhaḍḥ dhanena, abhijanavān saptapuruṣaṃ śrotriyatvādisaṃpannaḥ - tenāpi na mama tulyo 'sti kaścit | ko 'nyo 'sti sadṛśas tulyaḥ mayā ? kiṃ ca, yakṣye yāgenāpy anyān abhibhaviṣyāmi, dāsyāmi naṭādibhyaḥ, modiṣye harṣaṃ cātiśayaṃ prāpsyāmi, iti evam ajñānavimohitāḥ ajñānena vimohitāḥ vividham avivekabhāvam āpannāḥ ||BhGS_16.15||
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aneka-citta-vibhrāntā ukta-prakārair anekaiś cittaiḥ vividhaṃ bhrāntāḥ aneka-citta-vibhrāntāḥ, mohajālasamāvṛtāḥ moho 'viveko 'jñānaṃ tad eva jālamiva āvaraṇātmakatvāt, tena samāvṛtāḥ | prasaktāḥ kāmabhogeṣu tatraiva niṣaṇṇāḥ santas tena upacita-kalmaṣāḥ patanti narake 'śucau vaitaraṇyādau ||BhGS_16.16||
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ātmasaṃbhāvittāḥ sarvaguṇaviśiṣṭatayā ātmanaiva saṃbhāvitāḥ ātmasaṃbhāvitāḥ, na sādhubhiḥ | stabdhāḥ apraṇatātmānaḥ | dhanamānamadānvitāḥ dhananimittaḥ mānaḥ madaś ca, tābhyāṃ dhanamānamadābhyām anvitāḥ | yajante nāmayajñaiḥ nāmamātrair yajñais te dambhena dharmadhvajitayāvidhipūrvakaṃ vidhivihitāṅgetikartavyatārahitam ||BhGS_16.17||
ahaṃkāram ahaṃkaraṇam ahaṃkāraḥ | vidyamānair avidyamānaiś ca guṇair ātmany adhyāropitair viśiṣṭam ātmānam aham iti manyate, so 'haṃkāro 'vidyākhyaḥ kaṣṭatamaḥ sarva-doṣāṇāṃ mūlaṃ sarvānartha-pravṛttīnāṃ ca, tam | tathā balaṃ parābhibhava-nimittaṃ kāma-rāgānvitam | darpaṃ darpo nāma yasya udbhave dharmam atikrāmati so 'yam antaḥkaraṇāśrayo doṣa-viśeṣaḥ | kāmaṃ stry-ādi-viṣayam | krodham aniṣṭa-viṣayam | etān anyāṃś ca mahato doṣān saṃśritāḥ | kiṃ ca te mām īśvaram ātma-para-deheṣu sva-dehe para-deheṣu ca tad-buddhi-karma-sākṣi-bhūtaṃ māṃ pradviṣantaḥ, mac-chāsanātivartitvaṃ pradveṣaḥ, taṃ kurvanto 'bhyasūyakāḥ san-mārga-sthānāṃ guṇeṣu asahamānāḥ ||BhGS_16.18||
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āsurīṃ yonim āpannāḥ pratipannāḥ mūḍhāḥ avivekino janmani janmani pratijanma tamobahulāsveva yoniṣu jāyamānāḥ adho gacchanto mūḍhāḥ mām īśvaram aprāpyānāsādya eva he kaunteya, tatas tasmādapi yānty adhamāṃ gatiṃ nikṛṣṭatamāṃ gatim | mām aprāpyaiveti na mat-prāptau kācid api āśaṅkāsti, ataḥ macchiṣṭasādhumārgam aprāpya ity arthaḥ ||BhGS_16.20||
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sarvasyā āsuryāḥ saṃpadaḥ saṃkṣepo 'yam ucyate, yasmin trividhe sarvaḥ āsurīsaṃpadbhedo 'nanto 'py antarbhavati | yatparihāreṇa parihṛtaś ca bhavati, yat mūlaṃ sarvasyānarthasya, tat etad ucyate -
trividhaṃ triprakāraṃ narakasya prāptāv idaṃ dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanaḥ, yat dvāraṃ praviśanneva naśyati ātmā | kasmaicit puruṣārthāya yogyo na bhavatītyetat, atar ucyate dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanaḥ iti | kiṃ tat ? kāmaḥ krodhas tathā lobhaḥ | tasmāt etat trayaṃ tyajet | yataḥ etat dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanas tasmāt kāmāditrayametat tyajet ||BhGS_16.21||
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tyāga-stutir iyam -
etaiḥ vimuktaḥ kaunteya tamo-dvārais tamaso narakasya duḥkha-mohātmakasya dvārāṇi kāmādayas taiḥ, etais tribhiḥ vimukto nara ācaraty anutiṣṭhati | kim ? ātmanaḥ śreyaḥ | yat-pratibaddhaḥ pūrvaṃ nācacāra, tad-apagamād ācarati | tatas tad-ācaraṇāt yāti parāṃ gatiṃ mokṣam apīti ||BhGS_16.22||
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sarvasya etasya āsurī-saṃpat-parivarjanasya śreya-ācaraṇasya ca śāstraṃ kāraṇam | śāstra-pramāṇād ubhayaṃ śakyaṃ kartum, nānyathā | ataḥ -
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tasmāt śāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ jñāna-sādhanaṃ te tava kāryākārya-vyavasthitau kartavyākartavya-vyavasthāyām | ato jñātvā buddhvā śāstra-vidhānoktaṃ -- vidhir vidhānaṃ śāstram eva vidhānaṃ śāstra-vidhānaṃ kuryān na kuryād ity evaṃ-lakṣaṇam, tena uktaṃ sva-karma yat tat kartum ihārhasi | iheti karmādhikāra-bhūmi-pradarśanārtham iti ||BhGS_16.24||
BhG 17
atha śraddhā-traya-vibhāga-yogaḥ saptadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
tasmāc chāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ ta [Gītā 16.24] iti bhagavad-vākyāl labdha-praśna-bījo 'rjuna uvāca -
ye kecid aviśeṣitāḥ śāstra-vidhiṃ śāstra-vidhānaṃ śruti-smṛti-śāstra-codanām utsṛjya parityajya yajante devādīn pūjayanti śraddhayānvitāḥ śraddhayāstikya-buddhyānvitāḥ saṃyuktāḥ santaḥ | śruti-lakṣaṇaṃ smṛti-lakṣaṇaṃ vā kaṃcit śāstra-vidhim apaśyanto vṛddha-vyavahāra-darśanād eva śraddadhānatayā ye devādīn pūjayanti | te iha ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajante śraddhayānvitā ity evaṃ gṛhyante | ye punaḥ kaṃcit śāstra-vidhiṃ upalabhamānaiva tam utsṛjyāyathā-vidhi devādīn pūjayanti | ta iha ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajanta iti na parigṛhyante | kasmāt ? śraddhayānvitatva-viśeṣaṇāt | devādi-pūjā-vidhi-paraṃ kiṃcit śāstraṃ paśyanta eva tad utsṛjyāśraddadhānatayā tad-vihitāyāṃ devādi-pūjāyāṃ śraddhayānvitāḥ pravartanta iti na śakyaṃ kalpayituṃ yasmāt, tasmāt pūrvoktaiva ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajante śraddhayānvitā ity atra gṛhyante | teṣām evaṃ-bhūtānāṃ niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa sattvam āho rajas tamaḥ, kiṃ sattvaṃ niṣṭhāvasthānam, āho svit rajaḥ, athavā tama iti | etad uktaṃ bhavati - yā teṣāṃ devādi-viṣayā pūjā, sā kiṃ sāttvikī, āho svit rājasī, uta tāmasīti ||BhGS_17.1||
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sāmānya-viṣayo 'yaṃ praśno nāpravibhajrya prativacanam arhatīti śrībhagavānuvāca -
tri-vidhā tri-prakārā bhavati śraddhā | yasyāṃ niṣṭhāyāṃ tvaṃ pṛcchasi | dehināṃ śarīriṇāṃ sā svabhāva-jā | janmāntara-kṛto dharmādi-saṃskāro maraṇa-kāle 'bhivyaktaḥ svabhāva ucyate, tato jātā svabhāva-jā | sāttvikī sattva-nirvṛttā deva-pūjādi-viṣayā | rājasī rajo-nirvṛttā yakṣa-rakṣaḥ-pūjādi-viṣayā | tāmasī tamo-nirvṛttā preta-piśācādi-pūjā-viṣayā | evaṃ tri-vidhāṃ tām ucyamānāṃ śraddhāṃ śṛṇv avadhāraya ||BhGS_17.2||
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sā iyaṃ trividhā bhavati -
sattvānurūpā viśiṣṭa-saṃskāropetāntaḥ-karaṇānurūpā sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya śraddhā bhavati bhārata | yady evaṃ tataḥ kiṃ syāt ? ity ucyate - śraddhā-mayo 'yaṃ śraddhā-prāyaḥ puruṣaḥ saṃsārī jīvaḥ | katham ? yo yac-chraddho yā śraddhā yasya jīvasya sa yac-chraddhaḥ sa eva tac-chraddhānurūpa eva sa jīvaḥ ||BhGS_17.3||
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tataś ca kāryeṇa liṅgena devādipūjayā sattvādiniṣṭhānumeyā ity āha -
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evaṃ kāryato nirṇītāḥ sattvādi-niṣṭhāḥ śāstra-vidhy-utsarge | tatra kaścid eva sahasreṣu deva-pūjādi-paraḥ sattva-niṣṭho bhavati, bāhulyena tu rajo-niṣṭhās tamo-niṣṭhāś caiva prāṇino bhavanti | katham ? -
aśāstra-vihitaṃ na śāstra-vihitam aśāstra-vihitaṃ ghoraṃ pīḍā-karaṃ prāṇinām ātmanaś ca tapas tapyante nirvartayanti ye janās te ca dambhāhaṃkāra-saṃyuktāḥ | dambhaś cāhaṃkāraś ca dambhāhaṃkārau, tābhyāṃ saṃyuktāḥ dambhāhaṃkāra-saṃyuktāḥ, kāma-rāga-balānvitāḥ kāmaś ca rāgaś ca kāma-rāgau tat-kṛtaṃ balaṃ kāma-rāga-balaṃ tenānvitāḥ kāma-rāga-balānvitāḥ ||BhGS_17.5||
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karśayantaḥ kṛśī-kurvantaḥ śarīra-sthaṃ bhūta-grāmaṃ karaṇa-samudāyam acetaso 'vivekinaḥ māṃ caiva tat-karma-buddhi-sākṣi-bhūtam antaḥ-śarīra-sthaṃ nārāyaṇaṃ karśayantaḥ, mad-anuśāsanākaraṇam eva mat-karśanam | tān viddhy āsura-niścayān āsuro niścayo yeṣāṃ te āsura-niścayās tān pariharaṇārthaṃ viddhīti upadeśaḥ ||BhGS_17.6||
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āhārāṇāṃ ca rasya-snigdhādi-varga-traya-rūpeṇa bhinnānāṃ yathā-kramaṃ sāttvika-rājasa-tāmasa-puruṣa-priyatva-darśanam iha kriyate rasya-snigdhādiṣu āhāra-viśeṣeṣv ātmanaḥ prīty-atirekeṇa liṅgena sāttvikatvaṃ rājasatvaṃ tāmasatvaṃ ca buddhvā rajas-tamo-liṅgānām āhārāṇāṃ parivarjanārthaṃ sattva-liṅgānāṃ copādānārtham | tathā yajñādīnām api sattvādi-guṇa-bhedena tri-vidhatva-pratipādanam iha rājasa-tāmasān buddhvā kathaṃ nu nāma parityajet, sāttvikān evānutiṣṭhed ity evam artham āha -
āhāras tv api sarvasya bhoktuḥ prāṇinas tri-vidho bhavati priyaḥ iṣṭaḥ | tathā yajñas tathā tapas tathā dānam | teṣām āhārādīnāṃ bhedam imaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ sṛṇu ||BhGS_17.7||
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āyuś ca sattvaṃ ca balaṃ ca ārogyaṃ ca sukhaṃ ca prītiś ca āyuḥ-sattva-balārogya-sukha-prītayas tāsāṃ vivardhanāḥ āyuḥ-sattva-balārogya-sukha-prīti-vivardhanāḥ | te ca rasyā rasopetāḥ, snigdhāḥ snehavantaḥ, sthirāś cira-kāla-sthāyino dehe, hṛdyāḥ hṛdaya-priyāḥ, āhārāḥ sāttvika-priyāḥ sāttvikasyeṣṭāḥ ||BhGS_17.8||
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kaṭv-amla-lavaṇātyuṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rūkṣa-vidāhina ity atrāti-śabdaḥ kaṭvādiṣu sarvatra yojyaḥ | atikaṭuḥ atitīkṣṇaḥ ity evam | kaṭuś cāmlaś ca lavaṇaś cātyuṣṇaś ca tīkṣṇaś ca rūkṣaś ca vidāhī ca te āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ duḥkhaṃ ca śokaṃ cāmayaṃ ca prayacchantīti duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ ||BhGS_17.9||
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yāta-yāmaṃ manda-pakvam, nirvīryasya gata-rasa-śabdenoktatvāt | gata-rasaṃ rasa-viyuktam, pūti durgandhi, paryuṣitaṃ ca pakvaṃ sad rātry-antaritaṃ ca yat, ucchiṣṭam api bhukta-śiṣṭam ucchiṣṭam, amedhyam ayajñārhaṃ bhojanam īdṛśaṃ tāmasa-priyam ||BhGS_17.10||
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athedānīṃ yajñas trividha ucyate -
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vidhi-hīnaṃ yathā-codita-viparītam, asṛṣṭānnaṃ brāhmaṇebhyo na sṛṣṭaṃ na dattam, annaṃ yasmin yajñe so 'sṛṣṭānnas tam asṛṣṭānnam | mantra-hīnaṃ mantrataḥ svarato varṇato vā viyuktaṃ mantra-hīnam, adakṣiṇam ukta-dakṣiṇā-rahitam, śraddhā-virahitaṃ yajñaṃ tāmasaṃ paricakṣate tamo-nirvṛttaṃ kathayanti ||BhGS_17.13||
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atha idānīṃ tapas tri-vidham ucyate -
devā ca dvijā ca guravaś ca prājñāś ca deva-dvija-guru-prājñās teṣāṃ pūjanaṃ deva-dvija-guru-prājña-pūjanam | śaucam | ārjavam ṛjutvam | brahmacaryam ahiṃsā ca śarīra-nirvartyaṃ śārīraṃ śarīra-pradhānaiḥ sarvair eva kārya-karaṇaiḥ kartrādibhiḥ sādhyaṃ śārīraṃ tapa ucyate | pañcaite tasya hetavaḥ [Gītā 18.15] iti hi vakṣyati ||BhGS_17.14||
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anudvega-karaṃ prāṇinām aduḥkha-karaṃ vākyaṃ satyaṃ priya-hitaṃ ca yat priya-hite dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthe | anudvega-karatvādibhir dharmair vākyaṃ viśeṣyate | viśeṣaṇa-dharma-samucayārthaś ca-śabdaḥ | para-pratyayārthaṃ prayuktasya vākyasya satya-priya-hitānudvega-karatvānām anyatamena dvābhyāṃ tribhir vā hīnatā syād yadi, na tad vāṅ-mayaṃ tapaḥ | tathā satya-vākyasya itareṣām anyatamena dvābhyāṃ tribhir vā vihīnatāyāṃ na vāṅ-maya-tapastvam | tathā priya-vākyasyāpītareṣām anyatamena dvābhyāṃ tribhir vā vihīnasya na vāṅ-maya-tapastvam | tathā hita-vākyasyāpītareṣām anyatamena dvābhyāṃ tribhir vā vihīnasya na vāṅ-maya-tapastvam | kiṃ punas tat tapaḥ ? yat satyaṃ vākyam anudvega-karaṃ priyaṃ hitaṃ ca, tat tapo vāṅ-mayam | yathā śānto bhava vatsa, svādhyāyaṃ yogaṃ cānutiṣṭha, tathā te śreyo bhaviṣyatīti | svādhyāyābhyasanaṃ caiva yathā-vidhi vāṅ-mayaṃ tapa ucyate ||BhGS_17.15||
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manaḥ-prasādaḥ manasaḥ praśāntiḥ svacchatāpādanaṃ prasādaḥ | saumyatvaṃ yat saumanasyam āhuḥ | mukhādi-prasādādi-kāryonneyāntaḥ-karaṇasya vṛttiḥ | maunaṃ vāṅ-niyamo 'pi manaḥ-saṃyama-pūrvako bhavatīti kāryeṇa kāraṇam ucyate manaḥ-saṃyamo maunam iti | ātma-vinigraho mano-nirodhaḥ sarvataḥ sāmānya-rūpa ātma-vinigrahaḥ | vāg-viṣayasyaiva manasaḥ saṃyamaḥ maunam iti viśeṣaḥ | bhāva-saṃśuddhiḥ paraiḥ vyavahāra-kāle 'māyāvitvaṃ bhāva-saṃśuddhiḥ | ity etat tapo mānasam ucyate ||BhGS_17.16||
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yathoktaṃ kāyikaṃ vācikaṃ mānasaṃ ca tapas taptaṃ naraiḥ sattvādi-guṇa-bhedena kathaṃ tri-vidhaṃ bhavatīti, ucyate -
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satkāraḥ sādhu-kāraḥ sādhu ayaṃ tapasvī brāhmaṇa ity evam artham | māno mānanaṃ pratyutthānābhivādanādis tad-artham | pūjā pāda-prakṣālanārcanāśayitṛtvādis tad-arthaṃ ca tapaḥ satkāra-māna-pūjārtham | dambhena caiva yat kriyate tapas tad iha proktaṃ kathitaṃ rājasaṃ calaṃ kādācitka-phalatvena adhruvam ||BhGS_17.18||
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idānīṃ dāna-traividhyam ucyate -
dātavyam iti evaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā yad dānaṃ dīyate 'nupakāriṇe pratyupakārāsamarthāya, samarthāyāpi nirapekṣaṃ dīyate | deśe puṇye kurukṣetrādau | kāle saṃkrānty-ādau | pātre ca ṣaḍ-aṅga-vid veda-pāraga ity ādau | tad dānaṃ sāttvikaṃ smṛtam ||BhGS_17.20||
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yat tu dānaṃ pratyupakārārthaṃ kāle tv ayaṃ māṃ pratyupakariṣyatīty evam artham, phalaṃ vāsya dānasya me bhaviṣyaty adṛṣṭam iti | tad uddiśya punar dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṃ kheda-saṃyuktam, tad dānaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam ||BhGS_17.21||
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adeśa-kāle 'deśe 'puṇye deśe mlecchāśucy-ādi-saṃkīrṇe | akāle puṇya-hetutvenāprakhyāte saṃkrānty-ādi-viśeṣa-rahite 'pātrebhyaś ca mūrkha-taskarādibhyaḥ | deśādi-saṃpattau vā asatkṛtaṃ priya-vacana-pāda-prakṣālana-pūjādi-rahitam avajñātaṃ pātra-paribhava-yuktaṃ ca yad dānam, tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ||BhGS_17.22||
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yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-prabhṛtīnāṃ sādguṇya-karaṇāyāyam upadeśa ucyate -
oṃ tat sad iti evaṃ nirdeśaḥ, nirdiśyate 'neneti nirdeśaḥ | trividho nāma nirdeśo brahmaṇaḥ smṛtaś cintito vedānteṣu brahma-vidbhiḥ | brāhmaṇās tena nirdeśena trividhena vedāś ca yajñāś ca vihitāḥ nirmitāḥ purā pūrvam iti nirdeśa-stuty-artham ucyate ||BhGS_17.23||
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tad ity anabhisaṃdhāya | tad iti brahmābhidhānam uccāryānabhisaṃdhāyaś ca yajñādi-karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ yajña-tapaḥ-kriyā yajña-kriyāś ca tapaḥ-kriyāś ca yajña-tapaḥ-kriyā dāna-kriyāś ca vividhāḥ kṣetra-hiraṇya-pradānādi-lakṣaṇāḥ kriyante nirvartyante mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhir mokṣārthibhir mumukṣubhiḥ ||BhGS_17.25||
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oṃ-tac-chabdayor viniyoga uktaḥ | athedānīṃ sac-chabdasya viniyogaḥ kathyate -
sad-bhāve | asataḥ sad-bhāve yathā-vidyamānasya putrasya janmani | tathā sādhu-bhāve cāsad-vṛttasyāsādhoḥ sad-vṛttatā sādhu-bhāvas tasmin sādhu-bhāve ca | sad ity etad abhidhānaṃ brahmaṇaḥ prayujyate 'bhidhīyate | praśaste karmaṇi vivāhādau ca tathā sac-chabdaḥ pārtha yujyate prayujyata ity etat ||BhGS_17.26||
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yajñe yajña-karmaṇi yā sthitiḥ, tapasi ca yā sthitiḥ, dāne ca yā sthitiḥ, sā sad iti cocyate vidvadbhiḥ | karma caiva tad-arthīyaṃ yajña-dāna-tapo 'rthīyam | athavā, yasyābhidhāna-trayaṃ prakṛtaṃ tad-arthīyaṃ yajña-dāna-tapo 'rthīyam īśvarārthīyam ity etat | sad ity evābhidhīyate | tad etad yajña-dāna-tapa-ādi-karmāsāttvikaṃ viguṇam api śraddhā-pūrvakaṃ brahmaṇo 'bhidhāna-traya-prayogeṇa sa-guṇaṃ sāttvikaṃ saṃpāditaṃ bhavati ||BhGS_17.27||
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tatra ca sarvatra śraddhā-pradhānatayā sarvaṃ saṃpādyate yasmāt, tasmāt -
aśraddhayā hutaṃ havanaṃ kṛtam | aśraddhayā dattaṃ brāhmaṇebhyaḥ | aśraddhayā tapas taptam anuṣṭhitam | tathāśraddhayaiva kṛtaṃ yat stuti-namaskārādi, tat sarvam asad ity ucyate mat-prāpti-sādhana-mārga-bāhyatvāt pārtha | na ca tad bahulāyāsam api pretya phalāya no apīhārtham, sādhubhir ninditatvād iti ||BhGS_17.28||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda- śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye saptadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ |
[*NOTE: BhG 18 not included!]