Hetutattvopadeśa

1. sādhanaṃ dūṣaṇaṃ caiva sābhāsaṃ parasaṃvide /

pratyakṣam anumānaṃ ca sābhāsaṃ tv ātmasaṃvide //

2. vādinā svayaṃ sādhayitum iṣṭo 'rthaḥ sādhyaḥ / sādhyate yena tat sādhanam /

3. hetos trirūpavacanam / kāni punas tāni triṇi rūpāṇi / pakṣe sattvam evety ekaṃ rūpam / sapakṣa eva sattvam iti dvitīyaṃ rūpam / vipakṣe cāsattvam eva niścitam iti tṛtīyam //

4. tatra pakṣaḥ prasiddho dharmī prasiddheṇa viśeṣeṇa viśiṣṭaḥ svayaṃ sādhayitum iṣṭaḥ pratyakṣādyaviruddhaḥ / yathā śabdo dharmī anityatvena viśeṇa viśiṣtaḥ sādhyate kṛtakatvād iti hetuḥ //

5. kaḥ sapakṣaḥ / sādhyadharmeṇa sāmānyena samānaḥ sapakṣo yathā ghaṭādir iti //

6. ko vā hetor vipakṣaḥ / yatra sādhyābhāvena hetor abhāvo niyamena kathyate [ yathākāśādir iti //

7. etad eva ca hetos trirūpavacanaṃ parapratyāyanāya prayujyamānaṃ parārtham anumānam ucyate / yathā anityaḥ śabda iti pakṣavacanaṃ kṛtakatvād iti hetuvacanam / ghaṭādivad iti sapakṣavacanaṃ / ākāśavad iti vipakṣavacanam //

9. tatra sādharmyeṇa tāvat / yat kṛtakaṃ tat sarvam anityaṃ dṛṣṭam / yathā ghaṭādiḥ / kṛtakaś ca śabda iti //

10. vaidharmyeṇa punaḥ / asaty anityatve na bhavaty eva kṛtakatvaṃ yathākāśādau / śabdas tu kṛtaka iti //

11. kaḥ punaḥ pakṣābhāsaḥ / yaḥ pakṣa ivābhāsate / na tu sākṣāt pakṣo bhavati / pratyakṣādibhir bādhitatvāt //

12. sa tu pakṣābhāsaḥ / yathā dhūmādir dharmībuddhimatā hetunā janyata iti sādhye / pratyakṣaviruddhaḥ pakṣābhāsaḥ / pratyakṣeṇa vahnijanyasya dhumasya darśanāt //

13. anumānaviruddho yathā / vedavākyaṃ dharmy apauruṣeyam iti sādhye / prayatnānantarīyakatve śabdasya pauruṣeyatvasya prasādhanāt //

14. svavacanaviruddho yathā / nānumānaṃ pramāṇam iti parapratipādanāya vacanam uccāryamāṇaṃ parārtham anumānam ity uktatvāt //

15. lokaviruddho yathā / śuci naraśiraḥkapālaṃ prāṇyaṅgatvāc chaṅkhaśuktivat //

16. pratītiviruddho yathā / kiyatkālasthāyī kṛtako 'nitya iti / kiyatkālasthāyino 'pi kṛtakāḥ sarve nityā iti lokapratīteḥ //

17. aprasiddhaviśeṣaṇo yathā / vaiśeṣikasya sāṃkhyaṃ prati vināśī śabda iti sādhye //

18. aprasiddhaviśeṣyo yathā / sāṃkhyasya bauddhaṃ prati ātmā cetana iti sādhayataḥ //

19. ubhayāprasiddho yathā / vaiśeṣikasya bauddhaṃ prati sukhādisamavāyikāraṇam ātmeti Note: Htu 263 // prasiddhasaṃbandho yathā vāyur asthirasvabhāva iti //

21. hetvābhāsaḥ kīdṛśaḥ / yo hetur ivābhāsate / na punaḥ siddho hetur iti //

24. pakṣasapakṣayor nāsti / vipakṣa evāsti sa viruddhasaṃjñako hetvābhāsaḥ / sādhyaviparyayasādhanāt //

25. tatra yo hetuḥ sapakṣavipakṣayor ubhayatrāsti nāsti vā saṃdihyate / aprasiddhasaṃbandho vā so 'naikāntikasaṃjñako hetvābhāsaḥ / vādinaḥ prativādino vā sādhayitum iṣṭasyaikāntasyāsādhanāt //

26. ubhayāsiddhaḥ tadyathā śabdasyānityatve sādhye cākṣuṣatvaṃ hetuḥ vādiprativādinor asiddhaḥ //

27. cetanās tarava iti sādhye sarvatvagapaharaṇe maraṇād iti hetuḥ prativādino bauddhasyāsiddha iti prativādyasiddhaḥ / caitanyādinirodhasya bauddhenopagamāt //

28. acetanāḥ sukhādaya iti sādhye / utpattimattvād iti hetuḥ svayaṃ vādinaḥ sāṃkhyasyāsiddhaḥ / iti vādyasiddha iti //

29. vaiśeṣikasya bauddhaṃ prati kṣamādikaṃ dharmī kāryam iti sādhayataḥ pratikṣaṇaṃ sadṛśāparāparotpatter iti svayaṃ vādino 'siddhaḥ / utpattau siddhāyām api pratikṣaṇasadṛśāparāparotpattir ity asiddhaḥ //

30. pakṣaikadeśāsiddho yathā / cetanās taravaḥ svāpād iti hetuḥ / digambarasya svayaṃ vādinaḥ pakṣaikadeśāsiddhaḥ / na hi sarve vṛkṣā rātrau patrasaṃkocabhājaḥ //

31. tathā pṛthivyādikaṃ dharmī buddhimaddhetujanyam iti sādhye kāryatvād iti hetur bauddhaṃ praty asiddhaḥ / pratyakṣānupalambhanibandhano hi kāryakāraṇabhāvo bauddhasya pṛthivyādau na siddhaḥ / vihārāhārādiṣu siddhaṃ cet tadā pakṣaikadeśāsiddhaḥ //

32. saṃdigdhāsiddho yathā yady ayaṃ dhūmo 'gnir atreti sādhye hetor evāniścayāt //

33. dharmisaṃdehe 'py asiddho yathā / iha bahuṣu nikuñjeṣu kvacid ekasmin nikuñje mayūra iti sādhye kekāyikād iti hetuḥ //

34. dharmyasiddhāv apy asiddho yathā ātmā dharmī sarvagata iti sādhye sarvatropalabhyamānaguṇatvād iti hetuḥ //

37. yathā śabdasya nityatvādike dharme sādhye prameyatvaṃ hetuḥ sapaksvipakṣayoḥ sarvatra vartamānaḥ sādhāraṇānaikāntikaḥ //

38. tathā śabdasya nityatve śrāvaṇatvaṃ hetuḥ sapakṣavipakṣayor apravartamānāt / asādhāraṇānaikāntikaḥ //

39. tathā śabdasyāprayatnānantarīyakatve sādhye 'nityatvād iti hetuḥ / sapakṣaikadeśavṛttir vipakṣavyāpy anaikāntikaḥ // aprayatnānantarīyakaḥ śabdasya vidyudākāśādiḥ sapakṣaḥ tatraikadeśe vidyudādau vartate 'nityatvaṃ nākāśādau prayatnāntarīyakaḥ punaḥ sarvo ghaṭādir vipakṣaḥ / tatra sarvatra vartate //

40. tathā prayatnānantarīyakatve śabdasya sādhye 'nityatvaṃ hetuḥ ghaṭādau sarvatra vidyate / aprayatnānantarīyakaḥ punar vidyudākāśādir vipakṣaḥ / tatraikadeśe vidyudādau vartate nākāśādau / tasmād ayaṃ vipakṣaikadeśavṛttiḥ sapakṣavyāpī hetur anaikāntikaḥ //

41. ubhayapakṣaikadeśavṛttir anaikāntiko yathā / śabde dharmiṇi nityatve sādhye 'mūrtatvād iti hetuḥ / paramāṇvākāśādiḥ sapakṣo 'sya / tatraikadeśe 'mūrtatvam ākāśe pravartate na paramāṇau mūrtatvāt paramāṇūnam / ghaṭasukhādir anityo vipakṣaḥ / tatraikadeśe sukhādau vidyate na ghaṭādau //

42. tathā saṃdigdhavipakṣavyāvṛttikaḥ sapakṣavyāpī hetur anaikāntiko yathā / kapilādidharmy asarvajña iti sādhye vaktṛtvād iti hetuḥ / rathyāpuruṣādau sapakṣe 'sti / vipakṣe sarvajñe saṃdigdhaḥ / sarvajñasyātīndriyatvād vacanam asti na veti saṃdigdham //

43. tathā saṃdigdhasapakṣavṛttir vipakṣavyāpl hetur anaikāntiko yathā / ṛṣabhavardhāmānādidharmī sarvajña iti sādhye kevaliśāstrakaraṇād iti hetuḥ sapakṣe sarvajñe saṃdigdhaḥ / sarvajñasyātīndriyatvāt kevaliśāstrakaraṇaṃ saṃdigdham / vipakṣe varāhamihirādāv asarvajñe vidyate //

44. saṃdigdhānvayavyatirekahetur anaikāntiko yathā sātmakaṃ jīvaccharīraṃ prāṇādimattvād iti hetuḥ / jīvaccharīrasaṃbandhī prāṇādir na sātmake anātmake vā pravṛtto nivṛtto veti niścīyate //

46. tathā dvitīyo 'pi kevalavyatirekī nedaṃ nirātmakaṃ jīvaccharīram aprāṇādimattvaprasaṅgād iti / dṛṣṭāntābhāvād eva nānvayaniścayo nāpi vyatirekaniścaya iti saṃśayahetuḥ //

49. yathā śabdo dharmī nitya iti sādhyo dharmaḥ kṛtakatvād ākāśādivat / ayaṃ hetur ghaṭādau vipakṣa evāsti na sapakṣe //

50. tathā śabdo dharmī nitya iti sādhye prayatnānantarīyakatvād iti hetur ākāśādau sapakṣe nāsty eva / vipakṣaikadese ghaṭādau vidyate na vidyudādau // etau dvau hetū dharmasvarūpaviparītasādhanau //

51. dharmaviśeśaviparītasādhano yathā / cakṣurādaya iti dharmī parārthā iti sādhyo dharmaḥ saṃghatatvād iti hetuḥ / mañcapīṭhādivad iti sapakṣavacanaṃ / ayaṃ tu hetur yathā cakṣurādīnāṃ pārārthyaṃ sādhayati / tathā saṃghātatvaṃ parasya sādhayati / mañcapīṭhādīnāṃ saṃghātasya devadattādeḥ parasyopakāradarśanāt //

52. dharmisvarūpaviparītasādhano yathā pṛthivyādir dharmī buddhimaddhetujanya iti sādhye sāśrayatvād iti hetuḥ / ghaṭādivad iti sapakṣavacanam / ayaṃ hetur yathā buddhimaddhetujanyatvaṃ sādhayati tathā buddhimataḥ kartuḥ sāśrayatvam api sādhayati //

53. dharmiviṣeśaviparītasādhano yathā / vaiśeṣikasya mīmāṃsakaṃ praty ātmā dharmī cetayata iti sādhye (Htu 267) cetanādhiṣṭhānatvād iti hetur ātmano 'cetanasya yathā caitanyaṃ sādhayati / tathā hetur ayam anityatvam api sādhayati / anityatvād vijñānasya //

55. viruddhāvyabhicārī nāma na kaścid dhetudoṣo 'stīti na tasyodāharaṇaṃ yuktam / tatrodāharaṇaṃ / yat sarvadeśāvasthitaiḥ svayaṃ ca svasaṃbandhibhir yugapad abhisaṃbadhyate tat sarvagatam / yathākāśam iti / abhisaṃbadhyate ca sarvadeśāvasthitaiḥ svasaṃbandhibhir yugapat sāmānyam iti pailukasya svabhāvahetuprayogaḥ / / dvitīyo 'pi prayogaḥ paiṭharasya / yad upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptaṃ yatra nopalabhyate na tatrāsti / tad yathā kvacid avidyamāno ghaṭaḥ / nopalabhyate copalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptaṃ sāmānyaṃ vyaktyantarāleṣv iti // anupalambho hetuḥ pūrvoktaś ca svabhāvaḥ parasparaṃ bādhayataḥ / saṃśayajananāt /

56. na sapakṣād anyo dṛṣṭānto nāma kaścid iti sapakṣa eva sādharmyadṛṣṭāntaḥ // tatra dṛṣṭāntābhāsaḥ kīdṛśaḥ /

58. nityaḥ śabdo 'mūrtatvāt karmavat / sādhyavikalaḥ karmaṇo 'nityatvāt //

59. nityaḥ śabdo 'mūrtatvāt paramāṇuvat / sādhanavikalaḥ paramāṇūnāṃ mūrtatvāt //

61. tathā saṃdigdhasādhyadharmā dṛṣṭāntābhāsaḥ / kaścit puruṣo dharmī rāgādimān vacanāt / rathyāpuruṣavat / (Htu 268) tatra dṛṣṭānte rathyāpuruṣe rāgādimattvaṃ saṃdigdhaḥ paracetovṛttīnāṃ duranvayatvāt //

62. saṃdigdhasādhanadharmā yathā / kaścit puruṣo maraṇadharma iti sādhye rāgādimattvād iti hetuḥ / rathyāpuruṣe dṛṣṭānte saṃdigdhaḥ / vītarāgo 'pi rāgīva ceṣṭate yataḥ //

63. saṃdigdhobhayadharmā dṛṣṭāntābhāso yathā kaścit puruṣo dharmī asarvajña iti sādhye rāgādimattvād iti hetuḥ / rathyāpuruṣe dṛṣṭānte sādhyaṃ sādhanaṃ saṃdigdham //

64. ananvayo 'pradarśitānvayo viparītānvayaś ca dṛṣṭānṭābhāsāḥ //

65. tatrānanvayo yathā / yo vaktā sa rāgādimān rathyāpuruṣavat / vaktṛtvarāgādimattvayoḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvapratiṣedhāt //

66. apradarśitānvayo yathā / anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvād iti / atra vidyamāno 'py anvayo vyāptyā na darśita iti / vaktṛdoṣād ayaṃ dṛṣṭāntābhāsaḥ //

67. viparītānvayo yathā / yad anityaṃ tat kṛtakaṃ ghaṭādivad ity atrānityatvaṃ sādhyam / sādhyenaiva sādhanaṃ vyāptaṃ kathanīyam / na tu sādhanena vyāptaṃ sādhyaṃ kathyate / atha viparītānvayo dṛṣṭāntābhāsaḥ //

70. sādhyāvyatirekī dṛṣṭāntābhāso yathā / nityaḥ śabdo 'mūrtatvāt paramāṇuvat / atra paramāṇor vaidharmyadṛṣṭāntatvād amūrtatvaṃ sādhanadharmo vyāvṛtto (Htu 269) mūrtatvāt paramāṇūnām / nityatvaṃ sādhyadharmo na vyāvṛttaḥ / paramāṇor nityatvāt //

71. sādhanāvyatirekl yathā / nityaḥ śabdo 'mūrtatvāt karmavat / atra nityatvaṃ sādhyadharmo vyāvṛttaḥ karmaṇo 'nityatvāt / sādhanadharmo na vyāvṛttaḥ karmaṇo 'mūrtatvāt //

72. ubhayāvyāvṛtto yathā / nityaḥ śabdo 'mūrtatvād ākāśādivat / atrākāśādau vaidharmyadṛṣṭāntāt sādhyaṃ sādhanaṃ ca na vyāvṛttam //

73. tathā saṃdigdhasādhyavyatirekī saṃdigdhasādhanavyatirekī / saṃdigdhobhayavyatirekī ceti /

74. saṃdigdhasādhyavyatireko dṛṣṭāntābhāso yathā / asarvajñāḥ kapilādayaḥ / sarvajñatāliṅgabhūtakevaliśāstrākaraṇād iti / atra vaidharmyodāharaṇam / yaḥ sarvajñaḥ sa jyotirjñānādikam upadiṣṭavān yathā ṛṣabhavardhamānādir iti / atra vaidharmyodāharaṇād ṛṣabhavardhamānāder asarvajñatā nivṛttāna veti saṃdehaḥ //

75. saṃdigdhasādhanavyatireko yathā / nātra trayīvidā brāhmaṇena grāhyavacanaḥ kapilakaṇādādiḥ puruṣo rāgādimattvād iti / atra vaidharmyodāharaṇaṃ ye grāhyavacanā na te rāgādimanto yathā gautamādayo dharmaśāstrāṇāṃ praṇetāra iti gautamādibhyo rāgādimattvasya dharmasya vyāvṛttiḥ saṃdigdhā //

76. saṃdigdhobhayavyatirekī yathā / avītarāgāḥ kapilādayaḥ parigrahāgrahayogād iti / atra vaidharmyodāharaṇaṃ yo vītarāgo na tasya parigrahāgrahau saṃbhavataḥ (Htu 270) yathā ṛṣabhavardhamānāder iti / ṛṣabhāder vaidharmyadṛṣṭāntāt avītarāgatvaṃ sādhyadharmaḥ parigrahāgrahayogaḥ sādhanadharmo vyāvṛtto na veti saṃdehaḥ / apūrvārthalābhaḥ parigrahaḥ / labdhasyāparityāga āgrahaḥ / tau ca dvāv api ṛṣabhādau saṃbhavyete / chatracāmaradundubhīnāṃ parigrahāgrahaśravaṇāt //

77. avyatireko vaidharmyadṛṣṭāntābhāso 'pradarśitavyatireko viparītavyatirekaś ceti /

78. avyatireko yathā / kapiIādir avītarāgo vaktṛtvāt / yatrāvītarāgatvaṃ nāsti na sa vaktā yathopalakhaṇḍa iti / yady upalakhaṇḍād ayaṃ vyāvṛttas tathāpi sarvo vītarāgo vakteti saṃdehaḥ //

79. apradarśitavyatireko yathā / anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvād ākāśādivad iti / paramārthataḥ saṃyag dṛṣṭānto 'py ayaṃ vaktṛdoṣād dṛṣṭāntābhāsaḥ / parārthānumāne vaktur guṇadoṣayor vicāryamāṇatvāt / tathā hi yan nityaṃ tat sarvaṃ niyamenākṛtakaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathākāśādir iti vacanena vibhajya vaktrā vyāptipūrvako vyātireko na pradarśita ity apradarśitavyatirekaḥ //

80. viparītavyatireko yathā / yad akṛtakaṃ tan nityaṃ dṛṣṭam iti / atra sādhananivṛttyā sādhyanivṛttir vyāptā darśayitavyā tena yatra yatra sādhyanivṛttis tatra tatra niyamena sādhananivṛttiḥ sidhyatīti //

82. eta eva sarve pakṣahetudṛṣṭāntābhāsāḥ / vādinā sādhayitum iṣṭam arthaṃ na sādhayantīti sādhanābhāsā (Htu 271) vādino bhavanti / evaṃ ca prativādinā dūṣaṇatvenopanyastā dūṣaṇāni bhavanti / pūrvapakṣavādino 'bhipretārthasiddhipratibandhāt / sādhanasya nyūnatodbhāvanam eva dūṣaṇasya lakṣaṇaṃ vibhajya pṛthag ucyate /

83. dūṣaṇābhāsaḥ / etāny eva dūṣaṇāni prativādinoktāni / yadā pūrvapakṣavādī mithyādūṣaṇatvena pratipādayatīti tadā dūṣaṇābhāsā jātaya iti paṭhyante / abhūtadoṣodbhāvanāni mithyottarāṇi jātyuttaraṇīti vacanāt / yāthāduṣṭapakṣe pakṣadoṣodbhāvanaṃ nirdoṣe hetau hetudoṣakhyāpanam / aduṣṭadṛṣṭānte dṛṣṭāntadoṣopādānaṃ dūṣaṇābhāsa iti nyāyāt / J

84. tatra pratijñāhetudāharaṇopanayanigamanāni pañcāvayavaṃ paraiḥ sādhanam ucyate / yathānityaḥ śabda iti pratijñā kṛtakatvād iti hetuḥ / yat kṛtakaṃ tat sarvam anityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā ghaṭādīty udāharaṇam / tathā kṛtakaḥ śabda ity upanayaḥ / tasmād anitya iti nigamanam / dṛṣṭānte pratītisamartho hetur dharmiṇy upanīyata ity upanayaḥ / pratijñāyāḥ punarvacanaṃ nigamanam iti vacanāt / naitad asti / tribhir evāvayavair anvayavyatirekapakṣadharmasaṃjñakaiḥ sādhyārthasiddheḥ //

85. tathā hi / vādakāle vyāptipūrvaka eva prayogaḥ kartavyaḥ / yat kṛtakaṃ tat sarvam anityaṃ dṛstaṃ yathā ghaṭādir iti / sādhyena sādhanasya dṛṣṭānte vyāptikathanam anvaya ucyate //

86. vipakṣe ca sādhyanivṛttyā sādhananivṛttir vyatireka ucyate yathāsaty anityatve na bhavaty eva kṛtakatvaṃ yathākāśādau /

87. kṛtakaś ca śabda iti pakṣadharmavacanam / pratijñānigamane punaḥ sarvathā na vaktavye //

88. tathā sādharmyavati prayoge 'nvayābhidhānasāmarthyād eva vyatireko 'vagantavya iti na pṛthag ucyate / yathā yat kṛtakaṃ tat sarvam anityaṃ draṣṭavyam / yathā ghaṭādiḥ / kṛtakaś ca śabda iti / sādharmyavān prayogaḥ / tathā vaidharmyavati prayoge vyatirekoktisāmarthyād evānvayaḥ pratipanna iti nānvayaḥ punar ucyate / yan nityaṃ tad akṛtakaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathākāśādiḥ kṛtakaś ca śabda iti / vaidharmyavān prayogaḥ //

90. pratyakṣaṃ kīdṛśam / pratyakṣaṃ kalpanāpoḍham abhrāntam / pratigatam āśritam akṣaṃ yad vijñānaṃ tat pratyakṣam / pañcendriyāśrayāṇi jñānānīti yāvat / atyādayaḥ krāntādyarthe dvitiyayeti samāsena pratyakṣaśabdo vācyaliṅgaḥ siddhaḥ / pratyakṣo bodhaḥ pratyakṣā buddhiḥ / pratyakṣaṃ jñānam ity upapannaṃ bhavati //

91. cakṣuḥśrotraghrāṇajihvākāyākhyāni pañcendriyāṇi tadāśritāni pañca jñānāni pramāṇāni / tadgrāhyā viṣayā rūpaśabdagandharasasparśākhyāḥ prameyāṇi pañcaiva //

92. tac ca pratyakṣaṃ nāmajātyādikalpanārahitaṃ nirvikalpakam abhrāntaṃ ca yadi bhavati / tadā pramāṇam ucyate / darśitasyārthasyāvisaṃvādanāt //

93. tatra nāmakalpanā / devadatto 'yam iti yad jñānam / jātikalpanā gaur iyam iti jñānam / viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyam (Htu 273) iti kalpanā nīlotpalam iti jñānaṃ / anyad api savikaipakaṃ jñānaṃ pratyakṣābhāsaḥ / bhrāntaṃ cārthe 'pi taimirikasya dvicandrajñānaṃ / śuktikāyāṃ rajatajñānaṃ sthāṇur ayaṃ puruṣo veti jñānam / anyad api jñānaṃ pratyakṣābhāsaḥ pradarśitārthāprāpakatvāt //

94. tatra trividhaṃ pratyakṣaṃ / vyavahāram apekṣya indriyajñānam / sarvacittacaittānāṃ svarūpasaṃvedanaṃ svasaṃvedanam / bhūtārthabhāvanāprakarṣaparyantajaṃ yogijñānaṃ ceti //

95. tasya viṣayaḥ svalakṣaṇam arthakriyāsamarthaṃ tu svalakṣaṇam ucyate / sāmānyaṃ tu nārthakriyāsamartham /

96. tad eva ca pratyakṣaṃ pramāṇam / pramāṇam arthapratītirūpaṃ phalaṃ ca tādṛśam eva / na pramāṇaphalayor bhedaḥ kaścid asti //

98. tatra svārthaṃ tāvat / gṛhīte ca pakṣadharme smṛte ca sādhyasādhanabhāve paścāt pratipattā yathārthaṃ pratipadyate yena tat svārtham anumānam /

99. pakṣadharmaś ca trividha eva bhavati / kāryaṃ svabhāvo 'nupalambhaś ceti /

100. siddhe hi kāryakāraṇabhāve kāryaṃ hetur draṣṭavyaḥ / yathā yatra dhūmas tatrāgniḥ / yathā mahānasādau / asti ceha dhūma iti [ asaty agnau na bhavaty eva dhūmo yathā sajalapradeśe / asti ceha dhūma iti /

101. svabhāvahetuḥ / vṛkṣo 'yaṃ śiṃśapātvād iti / pūrvapravartitaśiṃśapāvyavahāravat / asati vṛkṣatve na bhavaty eva śiṃśapātvam / yathā sthaṇḍilapradeśe / atrāpi vyāpyavyāpakabhāve niścite sati vyāpyo hetur draṣṭavyaḥ //

102. anupalambhahetur yathā / nātra ghaṭa upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyānupalabdheḥ śaśaviṣāṇādivat / atrāpi dṛṣyānupalambho dṛṣyābhavena vyāpto yadā niścitas tadāyaṃ hetur gamakaḥ //

103. anumānābhāsaḥ kīdṛśaḥ / pūrvavat / śeṣavat / sāmānyatodṛṣṭaṃ ceti paraiḥ kalpitam anumānaṃ sarvam anumānābhāsaḥ // teṣu tādātmyatadutpattilakṣaṇasya pratibandhābhāvāt [ siddhe saty eva hi kāryakāraṇabhāve vyāpyavyāpakabhāve ca sādhyasādhanabhāvo nānyathā vyabhicārasaṃbhavāt //

104. yathā vṛṣṭimān ayaṃ megho gambhīradhvanatvād iti / gambhīradhvanavato 'pi meghasya vṛṣṭivighātasaṃbhavāt //

105. yathopari vṛṣṭo devo nadīpūradarśanāt bandhabhaṅgādināpi nadīpūrasya darśaṇāt //

106. yathā pakvā ete taṇḍulā ekasthālyantargatatvād dṛṣṭataṇḍulavat //

107. pakvāny etāny phalāni ekaśākhaprabandhāt / upayuktaphalavat / atra bhūyo darśane 'pi sādhyasādhanayor vyabhicārasaṃbhava eva //

108. yathā yat pārthivaṃ tat sarvaṃ lohalekhyaṃ dṛṣṭam / yathā kāṣṭhādi) / vajram api pārthivaṃ //

109. yaḥ prāṇī sa sarvaḥ sagrīvaḥ / yathā karabhādiḥ kulīro 'pi prāṇī //

110. yathā yad dravad dravyam ārdrakṛt tad dṛṣṭaṃ yathodakaṃ / pāradam api dravad dravyam iti / evam anye 'py anumānābhāsā draṣṭavyā iti //

hetutattvopadeśaḥ samāptaḥ // kṛtir iyaṃ paṇḍitarājajitāripādānām //

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